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Narration

মোট প্রশ্ন৪৫০এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Narration

PrepBank · পাতা / · ৩০১৪০০ / ৪৫০

৩০১.
Jordan said that he had finished his chore long before. (Change the narration)
  1. Jordan said, "I had finished my chore long ago."
  2. Jordan said, "I finished my chore long ago."
  3. Jordan said, "I finished my chore long before."
  4. Jordan said, "I finish my chore long ago."
সঠিক উত্তর:
Jordan said, "I finished my chore long ago."
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Jordan said, "I finished my chore long ago."
ব্যাখ্যা
• Indirect: Jordan said that he had finished his chore long before.
- Direct: Jordan said, "I finished my chore long ago."

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Indirect এ before থাকলে direct এ তা পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ago হয়।
- আর long ago থাকলে verb এর past indefinite tense হয়।
- এখানে Past Perfect Tense "had finished" → Past Indefinite "finished" হয়ে গেছে এবং long before → long ago-এ পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে।

• Structure:
- Indirect: Subject + said + that + past perfect (sub + had + past participle) + long before.
- Direct: Subject + said, + past indefinite (sub + past form) + long ago.

Indirect: Minhaz said that he had seen him long before.
Direct: Minhaz said, "I saw him long ago."
৩০২.
Asif said to me, "Will you help me tomorrow?"
The correct indirect speech is:
  1. Asif asked me if I will help him the next day. 
  2. Asif asked me if I would help him tomorrow.
  3. Asif asked me if I would help him the next day. 
  4. Asif told me to help him the next day.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Asif asked me if I would help him the next day. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Asif asked me if I would help him the next day. 
ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক উত্তর: গ) Asif asked me if I would help him the next day.

- প্রথমে Reporting Verb Change করতে হবে,
- Interjection sentence: হওয়ায় Indirect এ asked + if/whether হবে,
- পরবর্তীতে Tense Change: Will কে  Would এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে,
- "tomorrow" পরিবর্তিত হয়ে  the next day হবে।
- এবং Pronoun Change, "me" পরিবর্তিত হয়ে him হবে। 

অন্যদিকে, 
ক) "Asif asked me if I will help him the next day. "- Tense পরিবর্তন হয়ে "would" হবে।

খ) "Asif asked me if I would help him tomorrow." - সময় বদলায়নি "the next day" হবে।

ঘ) "Asif told me to help him the next day." - অর্থ পরিবর্তন করে (request থেকে order)।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩০৩.
My father said, "What goes up must come down." (make it indirect)
  1. My father said that what goes up must come down.
  2. My father advised that what went up must come down.
  3. My father remarked that What went up must come down.
  4. My father said that what went up had to come down.
সঠিক উত্তর:
My father said that what goes up must come down.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
My father said that what goes up must come down.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct narration: My father said, "What goes up must come down." 
Indirect narration: My father said that what goes up must come down.

- Universal truth বা habitual fact প্রকাশ করায় বাক্যটির indirect narration গঠনের সময় verb-এর রূপ পরিবর্তন হবে না।

More Example:
Direct narration: My father said, "All that glitters is not gold."
Indirect narration: My father said that all that glitters is not gold.

৩০৪.
"Come here" choose the correct indirect speech.
  1. He told me to go there.
  2. He ordered me that go there.
  3. He told me to come here.
  4. He told me to go
সঠিক উত্তর:
He told me to go there.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He told me to go there.
ব্যাখ্যা
Imperative Sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/ command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, তা না হলে tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- Reporting verb যদি Past Tense হয়, তাহলে তার নিকটবর্তী নির্দেশনাসূচক দূরবর্তী নির্দেশনাসূচক শব্দে পরিণত করতে হবে।
- Come > Go.

Structure: Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

- Direct Speech: Come here.
- Indirect Speech: He told me to go there.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩০৫.
She said, "If I could travel the world!" (Make it indirect)
  1. She wished that if she could travel the world.
  2. She wished she could travel the world.
  3. She said that she wished she could travel the world.
  4. She wished that she could had traveled the world.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She wished she could travel the world.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She wished she could travel the world.
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি Exclamatory Sentence হওয়ায় এবংএর দ্বারা আকাঙ্ক্ষা প্রকাশ করায় Reporting Verb -Said এর পরিবর্তে wished হবে।
- Sentence কে Assertive Sentence বানাতে হয় অর্থাৎ if কে বাদ দিয়ে এর পরের অংশ বসে।
- বক্তা ও শ্রোতা অনুযায়ী Reported Speech এর Subject ও Object পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Direct narration এর reporting verb টি past tense এ থাকলে indirect narration করার ক্ষেত্রে reported speech ও past tense হবে। 

• Reporting Verb (said) Past Tense হওয়ায় Reported Speech (Inverted Comma এর ভেতরের অংশ) নিয়ম অনুযায়ী Past Tense কে Past Perfect এ রূপান্তর করার সাধারণ নিয়ম থাকলেও Unreal Past এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - 
Direct: She said, "If only I could travel the world!"
Indirect: She wished she could travel the world.
৩০৬.
Choose the correct indirect sentence for the following direct sentence:
"He said, 'I must prepare for the driving test.' "
  1. He said that he had to prepare for the driving test.
  2. He said that he could prepare for the driving test.
  3. He said that he would prepare for the driving test.
  4. He said that he had prepare for the driving test.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that he had to prepare for the driving test.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that he had to prepare for the driving test.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct sentence: "He said, 'I must prepare for the driving test.' "
- Indirect sentence: He said that he had to prepare for the driving test.

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ ক্ষেত্রে:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- Direct speech এ reporting verb টি past tense এ থাকলে এবং reported speech এ must থাকলে তা indirect speech এ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে 'had to' হয়।

সে অনুসারে,
The correct indirect sentence is: He said that he had to prepare for the driving test.
৩০৭.
Did not you play chess? Make it indirect-
  1. He asked me if I did not play chess.
  2. He asked me did not you play chess.
  3. He said to me if I not played chess.
  4. He asked me if I do not play chess.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me if I did not play chess.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me if I did not play chess.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: Did not you play chess? 
- Indirect: He asked me if I did not play chess.

- প্রদত্ত বাক্যে Reporting verb -এবং subject উল্লেখ নাই, তাই অপশন অনুযায়ী ধরে নিতে হবে।

• Interrogative sentence - এর speech পরিবর্তন করার ক্ষেত্রে-
- প্রথমে Reporting verb -এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb “said” - এর পরিবর্তে asked বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি Wh word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh - question word টিই conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject "You" → "I" (speaker অনুযায়ী) বসবে।
- তারপর Tense পরিবর্তন: সাধারণত Past indefinite tense থাকলে তা Past perfect tense হয়।
- তবে, অপশন অনুযায়ী, Past tense থাকলে past-ই থাকে "Did not play" → "did not play".
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।

• Structure:
- Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) + "if" বা "whether" + Reported speech -এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

৩০৮.
You said to me, 'You are right'? Indirect form is -
  1. You told me that you were right.
  2. You told me that I am right.
  3. You told me that you are right.
  4. You told me that I was right.
সঠিক উত্তর:
You told me that I was right.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
You told me that I was right.
ব্যাখ্যা
Said to থাকলে indirect speech এ told হবে এবং reporting verb এর tense কে অনুসরণ করে indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
এখানে তাই সঠিক indirect speech হবে - You told me that I was right.

Direct speech: You said to me, 'You are right'?
Indirect speech: You told me that I was right. 
৩০৯.
He said, ''Good-bye my friends.'' (make it indirect)
  1. He told his friend good-bye.
  2. He bade his friends good-bye.
  3. He asked his friends good-bye.
  4. He says his friends good-bye.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He bade his friends good-bye.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He bade his friends good-bye.
ব্যাখ্যা

Good bye যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Structure: Reporting verb-এর Subject + bid/ bade + object + good-bye.

Direct speech: He said, ''Good-bye my friends.''
Indirect speech: He bade his friends good-bye.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩১০.
My friend said to me, "Good morning."(Change into indirect speech) 
  1. My friend said to me good morning.
  2. My friend told me good morning.
  3. My friend bade me good morning.
  4. My friend wished me good morning.
সঠিক উত্তর:
My friend wished me good morning.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
My friend wished me good morning.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: My friend wished me good morning.
 -"Good morning" যুক্ত Direct Speech কে  indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার জন্য, reporting verb হিসেবে "wished" ব্যবহার করা হয়। 
 
• Direct speech এ good morning/good evening থাকলে Indirect করার নিয়ম:
- যখন direct speech-এ "Good morning", "Good night", "Happy birthday" বা এই ধরনের কোনো শুভেচ্ছা (wish) জানানো হয়, তখন reporting verb "said to" পরিবর্তন হয়ে "wished" হয়। 
- সাক্ষাৎকালীন সম্ভাষণ Good morning/Good evening ইত্যাদির ক্ষেত্রে "wish" ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Reporting verb এর subject + wished+ object + good morning/good evening.

Other options:
ক) My friend said to me good morning.
- ভুল কারণ, Good morning" যুক্ত Direct Speech কে  indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার জন্য, Reporting verb হিসেবে "said to" এর পরিবর্তে "wished" ব্যবহার করা হয়।  

খ) My friend told me good morning.
- ভুল কারণ, Good morning" যুক্ত Direct Speech কে  indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার জন্য, Reporting verb হিসেবে "said to" এর পরিবর্তে "wished" ব্যবহার করা হয়।  

গ) My friend bade me good morning.
-  ভুল কারণ, Good morning" যুক্ত Direct Speech কে  indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার জন্য, Reporting verb হিসেবে "said to" এর পরিবর্তে "wished" ব্যবহার করা হয়।  

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain

৩১১.
'I'll have a cup of tea,' my father said, 'Because I'm not hungry.'
Which of the following sentence is the correct indirect speech?
  1. My father said that he will have a cup of tea because he wasn't hungry.
  2. My father said that he would have had a cup of tea because he wasn't hungry.
  3. My father said that he would have a cup of tea because he wasn't hungry.
  4. My father said that he had a cup of tea because he wasn't hungry.
সঠিক উত্তর:
My father said that he would have a cup of tea because he wasn't hungry.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
My father said that he would have a cup of tea because he wasn't hungry.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Narration এ reporting clause (my father said) ইত্যাদি, reported speech এর প্রথমে, মাঝখানে অথবা পিছনে থাকতে পারে।
- কিন্তু indirect speech এ  reporting clause সব সময় বাক্যের প্রথমে বসাতে হয়।
- Reporting verb টি past tense এ হওয়ায়, Reported speech - ও past tense এ হবে।

• Direct speech এ reporting verb past tense (said) হওয়ায়-
- Direct speech এর ‘will’ এবং ‘am’ indirect speech এ ‘would’ এবং ‘was’ এ রূপান্তরিত হবে।

• অর্থাৎ সঠিক indirect speech টি হবে-
- My father said that he would have a cup of tea because he was not hungry.
৩১২.
Choose the correct narration- Rimu said to her mother, "I shall go to bed now."
  1. Rimu told her mother that she will go to bed now.
  2. Rimu told her mother that she will go to bed then.
  3. Rimu told her mother that she should go to bed now.
  4. Rimu told her mother that she would go to bed then.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rimu told her mother that she would go to bed then.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rimu told her mother that she would go to bed then.
ব্যাখ্যা
Indirect speech-এর নিয়মানুযায়ী Direct speech থেকে Indirect করার সময়-
- প্রথমে Reporting verb-এর Subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- তারপর যদি বাক্যটি assertive sentence হয়, তাহলে Inverted comma (" ") উঠিয়ে দিয়ে conjunction হিসেবে that বসানো হয়।
- এরপর Reported speech-এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Reporting verb-এর Subject বা Object-এর number (একবচন বা বহুবচন), person (first, second, third) এবং gender (male/female) অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- Direct speech Shall/will থাকলে সেটি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Would হয়।
- Now পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Then বসে।

Direct narration: Rimu said to her mother, "I shall go to bed now."
Indirect narration: Rimu told her mother that she would go to bed then.
৩১৩.
Cersei said, "Seize the traitors immediately!"
Change into indirect speech:
  1. Cersei said that the traitors should be seized immediately.
  2. Cersei advised to seize the traitors immediately.
  3. Cersei ordered them to seize the traitors immediately.
  4. Cersei told seize the traitors immediately.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Cersei ordered them to seize the traitors immediately.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Cersei ordered them to seize the traitors immediately.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: গ) Cersei ordered them to seize the traitors immediately.

- Cersei said, "Seize the traitors immediately!"
- মূল বাক্যটি একটি আদেশ বা নির্দেশ।
- আদেশ বোঝাতে indirect speech-এ আমরা সাধারণত "ordered," "advised," "told," ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করি, তবে অর্থের যথাযথতা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
- Cersei ordered them to seize the traitors immediately.
- বাক্যটি পরিষ্কার এবং সঠিক গঠন অনুসারে রূপান্তরিত।
- অন্য অপশনগুলো ব্যাকরণগত বা অর্থগত ভুল রয়েছে।

- Direct Speech: Cersei said, "Seize the traitors immediately!"
- Indirect Speech: Cersei ordered them to seize the traitors immediately.

Other Options :
ক) Cersei said that the traitors should be seized immediately.
- ব্যাকরণগত ভুল।

খ) Cersei advised to seize the traitors immediately.
- "advised" এর সাথে অবজেক্ট (them) থাকা দরকার: "advised them to seize the traitors immediately" হতো সঠিক।

ঘ) Cersei told seize the traitors immediately.
- "told" এর পরে অবজেক্ট এবং infinitive দরকার: "told them to seize the traitors immediately".

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩১৪.
Jakaria said, "I must go home." (Make it indirect)
  1. Jakaria said that he must go home.
  2. Jakaria said that he shall have to go home.
  3. Jakaria said that he will have to go home.
  4. Jakaria said that he had to go home.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Jakaria said that he had to go home.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Jakaria said that he had to go home.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: Jakaria said, "I must go home."
• Indirect: Jakaria said that he had to go home.

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Direct speech এ must থাকলে Indirect speech এ had to হয়।
- to এর পর verb এর base form বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে। 

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৩১৫.
Anas said, "I shall try my best to win." (make it indirect)
  1. Anas said that he will try his best to win.
  2. Anas requested that he would try his best to win.
  3. Anas said that he would try his best to win.
  4. Anas said that he would to be trying his best to win.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Anas said that he would try his best to win.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Anas said that he would try his best to win.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Speech এ Reported Verb টি Past Tense হলে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Reporting Speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting Verb say/ said, tell/ told বসবে। (যদি থাকে)
- Inverted Comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported Speech এর Subject/ Person অনুসারে পরিবর্তন হবে।
- Future Tense এর Will/ Shall এর পরিবর্তে Would ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

Direct: Anas said, "I shall try my best to win."
Indirect: Anas said that he would try his best to win.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩১৬.
Father said to his son, "Do not waste your time."(make it indirect)
  1. Father said his son not to waste his time.
  2. Father advised his son not to waste his time.
  3. Father told his son not to waste his time.
  4. Father requested his son not to waste his time.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Father advised his son not to waste his time.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Father advised his son not to waste his time.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech: Father said to his son, "Do not waste your time.
Indirect speech: Father advised his son not to waste his time.

• Imperative sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Subject + request/ order/ advice/ beg/ forbid বসে।
- Object বসে।
- to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী person পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- Reported verb টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order/ command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain

৩১৭.
My friend said, "I was ill." (Make it indirect.)
  1. My friend said that he was ill.
  2. My friend said that he had been ill.
  3. My friend told that I was ill.
  4. My friend said that I were ill.
সঠিক উত্তর:
My friend said that he had been ill.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
My friend said that he had been ill.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Correct Answer: My friend said that he had been ill.

Direct Speech: My friend said, "I was ill."
Indirect Speech: My friend said that he had been ill.

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
→ Direct speech এ said to me থাকলে indirect speech এ তা পরিবর্তিত হয়ে told হবে এবং reporting verb এর tense অনুযায়ী indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
→ কমার বদলে that বসবে।
→ reporting verb এবং reporting speech উভয়েই past indefinite থাকলে, indirect করার সময় reported speech কে past perfect tense এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩১৮.
The principal said to the children, "Do not run in the corridors." (Make it indirect)
  1. The principal forbade the children not running in the corridors.
  2. The principal forbade the children not to run in the corridors.
  3. The principal ordered the children not to run in the corridors.
  4. The principal advised the children not to do not to run in the corridor.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The principal ordered the children not to run in the corridors.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The principal ordered the children not to run in the corridors.
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নোল্লিখিত বাক্যটি  নিষেধ/উপদেশমূলক হওয়ায় said এর পরিবর্তে advised/forbade/ordered ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যের indirect speech এ advised এবং ordered ব্যবহৃত হলে not to ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- কিন্তু forbade নিজেই না বোধক হওয়ায় এর পর not বসবে না শুধু to + verb বসবে।

• যেমন:
The principal said to the children, "Do not run in the corridors."
এর indirect speech হতে পারে।
1. The principal forbade the children to run in the corridors.
2. The principal dered/advised the children not to run in the corridors.
• যেহেতু প্রশ্নের অপশনে - The principal ordered the children not to run in the corridors. রয়েছে, তাই এটিই সঠিক উত্তর।

• আরো উদাহরণ:
• Direct speech: 'Don't waste your time' the boss said to the employees.
1- The boss ordered/advised the employees not to waste their time.
2- The boss forbade the employees to waste their time.

• Direct speech: John said to me, “Don’t conceal anything”.
- Indirect speech: John forbade me to conceal anything.

• Direct speech: My father said to me, “Do not waste your time.”
Indirect speech: My father forbade me to waste my time.

• The Teacher said to the students, “Do not make noise.”
1. The teacher ordered/advised the students not to make noise.
2. The teacher forbade the students to make noise.
৩১৯.
Hussain said to me, "Are you studying now?" (Make it Indirect)
  1. Hussain asked me whether I was studying now.
  2. Hussain asked me whether he was studying then.
  3. Hussain asked me whether he was studying now.
  4. Hussain asked me whether I was studying then.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Hussain asked me whether I was studying then.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Hussain asked me whether I was studying then.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Interrogative sentence কে direct থেকে indirect narration এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- reporting verb টি ask, demand of, enquire of, want to know, wonder এ পরিবর্তন হয়।
- Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- reported speech এর অন্তর্গত interrogative sentence টি WH-question word দ্বারা শুরু হয়, তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে অর্থাৎ, সেই WH-question word টিই বসবে।
- direct speech এর interrogative sentence টি indirect এ Assertive sentences এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।

Direct Speech: Hussain said to me, "Are you studying now?"
Indirect Speech: Hussain asked me whether I was studying then.
৩২০.
Convert to indirect speech:
"What time is it?" he asked.
  1. He asked what time it was.
  2. He asked what time is it.
  3. He asked what time it is.
  4. He said what time it was.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked what time it was.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked what time it was.
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর: ক) He asked what time it was.

- এটি একটি Interrogative Sentence (WH-question).
- Direct speech: "What time is it?" he asked.
- Reporting verb: asked (past tense)
- তাই tense পরিবর্তন হবে।

- রূপান্তর নিয়ম (WH-question):
- Reporting verb → asked,
- Question form → Statement form (No question mark, word order পরিবর্তন)।
- Tense change: is → was (Present → Past).

• Other options:
খ) He asked what time is it. → Question word order থাকায় ভুল।

গ) He asked what time it is. → Tense পরিবর্তন হয়নি।

ঘ) He said what time it was. → Reporting verb "said" উপযুক্ত নয় এখানে, কারণ এটি প্রশ্ন।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৩২১.
Change into the indirect speech:
He said, “I will help you.”
  1. He said that I would help you.
  2. He said that he will help me.
  3. He said that he would help me.
  4. He said he would helped me.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that he would help me.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that he would help me.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: গ) He said that he would help me.

- Direct speech-এ will আছে, যা Indirect speech-এ would হয়ে যায়।
- “I” → he হয়েছে কারণ reporting verb “he said” অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- “you” → me হয়েছে কারণ বলা হয়েছিল তোমাকে সাহায্য করবো - অর্থাৎ শ্রোতা হলো আমি।
- Indirect speech-এ কমা ও উক্তিচিহ্ন (quotation mark) বাদ যায় এবং that বসে।
- তাই সঠিক রূপ হলো: He said that he would help me.

Other options:
(ক) “I” ও “you” পরিবর্তন হয়নি, তাই ভুল;
(খ) “will” পরিবর্তিত হয়নি (will → would);
(ঘ) “would helped” ভুল গঠন (would + base verb হওয়া উচিত)।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৩২২.
The teacher said to the students, "Open your books." (make it indirect)
  1. The teacher told the students open their books.
  2. The teacher ordered the students to open their books.
  3. The teacher said the students to open their books.
  4. The teacher requested the students opening their books.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher ordered the students to open their books.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher ordered the students to open their books.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Subject + request/ order/ advice/ beg/ forbid বসে।
- Object বসে।
- to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী person পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- reported verb টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order/ command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হবে।

• Direct speech: The teacher said to the students, "Open your books."
• Indirect speech: The teacher ordered the students to open their books.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩২৩.
Change the speech:
He said to me, "Why didn’t you call me?"
  1. He enquired of me whether I hadn’t called him.
  2. He enquired of me why I hadn’t called him.
  3. He asked me that I hadn’t called him.
  4. He asked me why I didn't call him.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He enquired of me why I hadn’t called him.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He enquired of me why I hadn’t called him.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Direct: He said to me, "Why didn’t you call me?"
- Indirect: He enquired of me why I hadn’t called him.

• WH-Question যুক্ত Direct speech -কে Indirect Speech -এ রূপান্তর নিয়ম:
- Reporting Verb হিসেবে tense অনুযায়ী ask/asked, enquire of/enquired of, want/wanted to know ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- WH-word টি (যেমন: Why, how, what, where) অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
- Direct speech -এর Past Indefinite tense, Past Perfect tense -এ পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- Person পরিবর্তন করতে হবে (You → I).
- Interrogative sentence টি Indirect speech - এ সবসময় assertive  sentence -এ পরিণত হবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Indirect speech হলো- He enquired of me why I hadn’t called him.
৩২৪.
Munna said to Zahin, "I shall come to you tomorrow." (Make it indirect)
  1. Munna said to Zahin that he would go to him tomorrow.
  2. Munna told Zahin that he would come to him tomorrow.
  3. Munna told Zahin that he will come to him the next day.
  4. Munna told Zahin that he would go to him the following day.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Munna told Zahin that he would go to him the following day.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Munna told Zahin that he would go to him the following day.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: Munna said to Zahin, "I shall come to you tomorrow."
- Indirect: Munna told Zahin that he would go to him the following day.

​• Assertive sentence -এর Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech করা নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb-এর Subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- Reporting verb টির object থাকলে তা told -এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর Inverted comma (" ") উঠিয়ে দিয়ে conjunction হিসেবে that বসানো হয়।
- Reported speech-এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয় (I→ he)।
- Reported speech -এর shall/will থাকলে should/would -এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Direct speech -এ 'come' থাকলে Indirect speech -এ তা 'go' হয়।
- নৈকট্যবাচক শব্দ Indirect speech -এ দূরত্ববাচক শব্দে পরিবর্তিত হয় ("tomorrow" becomes "the following day")।

Other options:
ক) Munna said to Zahin that he would go to him tomorrow.
- said to না হয়ে 'told' হবে, কারণ object (Zahin) আছে। তাছাড়া tomorrow ও পরিবর্তিত হবে।

খ) Munna told Zahin that he would come to him tomorrow.
- come না হয়ে 'go' হবে, তাছাড়া tomorrow ও পরিবর্তিত হয়ে the following/next day হবে।

গ) Munna told Zahin that he will come to him the next day.
- 'will' পরিবর্তিত হয়ে would হবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৩২৫.
Helena said, "I took the laptop home with me." [make it indirect]
  1. Helena said that she took the laptop home with her.
  2. Helena said that she had taken the laptop home with her.
  3. Helena confirmed that she has taken the laptop home with her.
  4. Helena told that she had the laptop taken home with her
সঠিক উত্তর:
Helena said that she had taken the laptop home with her.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Helena said that she had taken the laptop home with her.
ব্যাখ্যা

[50th BCS Preli]

Direct Narration: Helena said, "I took the laptop home with me."
Indirect Narration: Helena said that she had taken the laptop home with her.

• Assertive sentence -এর Direct narration থেকে Indirect narration -এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb -এর subject বসে।
- তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- Reporting verb - 'said to + object' থাকলে Indirect -এ 'told + object' বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech -এর subject এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়,
- Reported speech -এর 1st person (I) সবসময় Reporting verb -এর subject -এর number, person, ও gender অনুসারে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- যেমন: (I → she), (me → her).
- Direct speech টি- past indefinite tense (took) -এ থাকলে Indirect speech - এ, তা past perfect tense (had taken) -এ পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে।

অন্যান্য অপশন বিশ্লেষণ:
ক) Helena said that she took the laptop home with her.
→ এটি ভুল, কারণ tense -এর পরিবর্তন হয়নি ("took" should become "had taken").

গ) Helena confirmed that she has taken the laptop home with her.
→ এটি ভুল, কারণ tense -এর ভুল পরিবর্তন হয়েছে ("has taken" না হয়ে "had taken" হবে).

ঘ) Helena told that she had the laptop taken home with her.
→  এটি ভুল, কারণ "told" সাধারণত object নেয়, এছাড়া "had the laptop taken" হলো wrong structure.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৩২৬.
"May you live long," she said to him. (Indirect speech)
  1. She said that he might live long
  2. She wished that he might live long
  3. She told that he will live long
  4. She said to him that he should live long ​
সঠিক উত্তর:
She wished that he might live long
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She wished that he might live long
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer - খ) She wished that he might live long.

Indirect Speech এর ক্ষেত্রে:
​- Reported speech-এ God উল্লেখ না থাকলে এবং কোন কামনা বুঝালে তখন say বা say to এর বদলে indirect speech-এ wish ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- wish that + NP + might + V এভাবে কিংবা wish + NP এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে থাকে।

Example:
- Direct: They said, "Long live our president."
- Indirect: They wished that their president might live long.
(Wish + that + NP + might + V-এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।)

​Or, They wished their president a long life.
- তারা তাদের প্রেসিডেন্টের দীর্ঘায়ু কামনা করল।

Other options
ক) She said that he might live long.
“said” ব্যবহার হয়েছে, কিন্তু optative sentence-এর জন্য “wished” ব্যবহার করা উচিত।

গ) She told that he will live long.
“told” + “will” → ভুল। “told” সাধারণত কারো কাছে নির্দেশ বা তথ্য দেওয়ার জন্য, ইচ্ছা বোঝানোর জন্য নয়।

ঘ) She said to him that he should live long.
grammatically এবং প্রচলিত নয়।

​Source: A Passage To The English Language. S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৩২৭.
Tanim said to him, "Let us forget the argument." (make it indirect)
  1. Tanim requested to him that they should forget the argument.
  2. Tanim proposed to him that they have forget the argument.
  3. Tanim said to him that they should forget the argument.
  4. Tanim proposed to him that they should forget the argument.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Tanim proposed to him that they should forget the argument.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Tanim proposed to him that they should forget the argument.
ব্যাখ্যা

Let যুক্ত sentence এর indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Let এরপর us থাকলে indirect করার সময় reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose / suggest হয়। 
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- they/ we + should বসে।
- Reported Speech এর মুল verb থাকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- Reporting verb এরপর Subject third person হলে that এরপরে they বসে, এবং Reporting verb এর subject first person হলে that এরপরে we বসে।

Direct speech: Tanim said to him, "Let us forget the argument."
Indirect speech: Tanim proposed to him that they should forget the argument.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩২৮.
The man said to me, "Do you know me?" (indirect speech)
  1. The man asked me did I know him.
  2. The man asked me if I knew him.
  3. The man asked me do I know him.
  4. The man asked me if I known to him.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The man asked me if I knew him.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The man asked me if I knew him.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: The man said to me, "Do you know me?"
- Indirect: The man asked me if I knew him.

• Interrogative Sentence এর Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb “said” - এর পরিবর্তে প্রশ্ন করা অর্থে asked/enquired of বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসে।
- subject second person হলে Reporting verb - এর object অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Present indefinite tense থাকলে তা past indefinite tense -এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।

• Structure: Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) + if/whether + Reported speech - এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৩২৯.
(Qs. 33-35): In each of the following questions, a sentence has been given in Direct Narration. Select the best one which expresses the same sentence in Indirect Narration.
Mabia said to Faria, "You are such a smart girl."
  1. Mabia told Faria that she was such a smart girl.
  2. Mabia said Faria that she had been such a smart girl.
  3. Mabia told Faria that she was smart girl.
  4. Mabia told Faria that I was such a smart girl.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Mabia told Faria that she was such a smart girl.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Mabia told Faria that she was such a smart girl.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Narration: Mabia said to Faria, "You are such a smart girl."
• Indirect Narration: Mabia told Faria that she was such a smart girl.

• Narration -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, Direct narration থেকে Indirect narration - এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে-

- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে।
- তারপর Reporting verb - say to/said to থাকলে Indirect  -এ tell/told বসে।
- Assertive sentence - এর ক্ষেত্রে Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে conjuction হিসেবে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়,
- Reported speech - এর 2nd person (You) সবসময় Reporting verb - এর object - এর number, person, ও gender অনুসারে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর Direct narration - এ Reported speech -এর verb যদি present indefinite tense - এ থাকে তাহলে Indirect narration - এ past indefinite tense - এ পরিবর্তিত হয় এবং তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Indirect narration টি হবে - Mabia told Faria that she was such a smart girl.

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৩৩০.
The teacher said, "Have you completed your assignment?" (Make it indirect speech)
  1. The teacher asked if I have completed my assignment.
  2. The teacher asked whether I had completed my assignment.
  3. The teacher asked that I had completed my assignment.
  4. The teacher asked if I completed my assignment.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher asked whether I had completed my assignment.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher asked whether I had completed my assignment.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম:
- reporting verb এবং reporting speech উভয়েই past indefinite থাকলে, indirect করার সময় reported speech কে past perfect tense এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে।
- has এর past participle form 'had' বসবে। 
- verb এর V3. 
- তারপর object বসবে। 

Example:
Direct: The teacher said, "Have you completed your assignment?"
Indirect: The teacher asked whether I had completed my assignment.
৩৩১.
Jamal said to Kamal, "Why have you done it?" (make it indirect.)
  1. Jamal asked Kamal why he had done it.
  2. Jamal asked Kamal why he has done it.
  3. Jamal asked Kamal why he did it.
  4. Jamal asked Kamal By whom was it done.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Jamal asked Kamal why he had done it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Jamal asked Kamal why he had done it.
ব্যাখ্যা
 Interrogative sentence (Direct speech) কে Assertive sentence (Indirect speech)- এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম: 
- উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি wh question যুক্ত।
- wh question যুক্ত বাক্যের indirect speech এ 'said to' এর পরিবর্তে 'asked' বসে।
- Reported speech -এর Wh word অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh - question word টিই conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসবে।
- Direct speech টি- present perfect tense -এ থাকলে Indirect speech - এ, তা past perfect tense -এ পরিণত হবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Direct: Jamal said to Kamal, "Why have you done it?"
Indirect: Jamal asked Kamal why he had done it.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৩২.
Change the following narration into indirect form:
"By God, I am telling the truth, he said."
  1. He requested that he was telling the truth.
  2. Swearing by God he said that he was telling the truth.
  3. Saying by God he was telling the truth.
  4. God, he said that he was telling the truth.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Swearing by God he said that he was telling the truth.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Swearing by God he said that he was telling the truth.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: "By God, I am telling the truth, he said."
• Indirect: Swearing by God he said that he was telling the truth.

• Direct narration -এ By God, By Jove থাকলে Indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Indirect narration -এ By God, By Jove -এর পরিবর্তে Swearing by God/Jove বসে।
- অথবা  Reported speech টি 'swore' -এ পরিণত হয়।
- অন্যান্য নিয়ম অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- Sub + reporting verb + linker (that) + reported speech পরিবর্তন।

- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Indirect narration টি হলো- Swearing by God he said that he was telling the truth.
৩৩৩.
The commander said to the soldiers, "Straighten up." [change the narration]
  1. The commander commanded the soldiers to straighten up.
  2. The commander command the soldiers to straighten up.
  3. The commander told the soldiers straighten up.
  4. The commander said the soldiers to straighten up.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The commander commanded the soldiers to straighten up.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The commander commanded the soldiers to straighten up.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, তা না হলে tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়;
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে;
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Structure: Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

- Direct: The commander said to the soldiers, "Straighten up."
- Indirect: The commander commanded the soldiers to straighten up.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৩৪.
Choose the indirect speech: He said, "Let me help you with the luggage."
  1. He suggested helping me with the luggage.
  2. He said to let him helped me with the luggage.
  3. He asked that he might be help me with the luggage.
  4. He offered to let him help me with the luggage.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He offered to let him help me with the luggage.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He offered to let him help me with the luggage.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech: He said, "Let me help you with the luggage."
• Indirect speech: He offered to let him help me with the luggage.

• Narration -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Reported speech -এ Let + me/him/her/them/someone ইত্যাদি যুক্ত imperative sentence কে direct থেকে indirect করতে হলে:
- প্রথমে Sub + reporting verb বসে (সাধারণত indirect -এ reporting verb -এর পরিবর্তন হয় না)।
- তবে বাক্যের অর্থানুসারে wish/desire/request/offer ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- এর পরে inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- তারপর পুনরায় Reporting verb -এর Sub+ may/might/might be allowed to + মূল Verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Structure: Sub + reporting verb + that + পুনরায় Reporting verb -এর Sub+ may/might/might be allowed to + মূল Verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- যেমন:
- Direct: He said, "Let me have some rest."
- Indirect: He wished that he might have some rest.

তবে কখনো কখনো সাধারণ imperative -এর নিয়মেও হয়ে থাকে।
- অর্থাৎ, Sub + অর্থানুসারে reporting verb + affirmative sentence -এর ক্ষেত্রে imperative verb -এর পূর্বে to + মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।

• প্রশ্নে প্রদত্ত বাক্যে এই সাধারণ নিয়মটি অনুসরণ করা হয়েছে (অপশন অনুযায়ী)।
- যেমন: He offered to let him help me with the luggage.

Source:
1. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
2. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৩৩৫.
Maya said to her friend, "Let’s go to the park tomorrow." (make it indirect)
  1. Maya told her friend that they go to the park tomorrow.
  2. Maya suggested to her friend that they should go to the park the next day.
  3. Maya requested her friend that they go to the park tomorrow.
  4. Maya proposed to her friend that they should go to the park yesterday.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Maya suggested to her friend that they should go to the park the next day.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Maya suggested to her friend that they should go to the park the next day.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Let যুক্ত sentence এর indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Let এরপর us থাকলে indirect করার সময় reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose / suggest হয়। 
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- they/ we + should বসে।
- Reported Speech এর মুল verb থাকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- Reporting verb এর Subject third person হলে that এরপরে they বসে, এবং Reporting verb এর subject first person হলে that এরপরে we বসে।

• Direct speech: Maya said to her friend, "Let’s go to the park tomorrow."
• Indirect speech: Maya suggested to her friend that they should go to the park the next day.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৩৬.
He said, "Let us try the new restaurant tonight." (Change the narration)
  1. He suggests that we should try the new restaurant tonight.
  2. He suggested that we should tried the new restaurant tonight.
  3. He suggested that we should try the new restaurant tonight.
  4. He suggested we should try the new restaurant tonight.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He suggested that we should try the new restaurant tonight.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He suggested that we should try the new restaurant tonight.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct: He said, "Let us try the new restaurant tonight."
Indirect: He suggested that we should try the new restaurant tonight.

• Let এর ব্যবহার: 
- let যখন proposal কিংবা suggestion অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন reporting verb এ propose’ কিংবা ‘suggest’ বসে। 
- বাক্যে finite verb এর আগে Modal auxiliary ‘should’ ব্যবহৃত হয়। 
- দুইটি বাক্যকে যুক্ত করতে ‘that’ বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Example:
Direct: He said to me, “Let us go home.”
Indirect: He proposed to me that we should go home.
৩৩৭.
He said to me, "How happy you are!" Find out the indirect narration-
  1. He told me that I was very happy.
  2. He told me I were happy.
  3. He told me that he was happy.
  4. He told me how I was happy.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He told me that I was very happy.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He told me that I was very happy.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct: He said to me, "How happy you are!"
• Indirect: He told me that I was very happy.

Indirect Speech এর নিয়ম: [Exclamatory sentence]

- Reporting verb পরিবর্তন: "said to" → "told" (অথবা "exclaimed with joy").
- 'How' উঠে যায় এবং "that" বসে।
- "very" বা "great" যোগ হয় বিস্ময় প্রকাশ করতে।
- Pronoun পরিবর্তন: "you" → "I" (কারণ "me" কে সম্বোধন করা হয়েছিল)।
- Tense পরিবর্তন: "are" → "was" (Reporting verb past tense থাকায়)।
- বিস্ময়সূচক চিহ্ন (!) উঠে যায়।
 

অন্য অপশনগুলো কেন ভুল:

খ) He told me I were happy - "were" ভুল (হবে "was"), এবং "very" নেই।

গ) He told me that he was happy - Pronoun ভুল; "I" হবে, "he" নয়।

ঘ) He told me how I was happy - Indirect speech-এ "how" থাকতে পারে না।

৩৩৮.
Which one is the correct indirect narration of "He says, 'I am learning French.'"?
  1. He says that he learned French.
  2. He says that he learns French.
  3. He said that he is learning French.
  4. He says that he is learning French.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He says that he is learning French.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He says that he is learning French.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: ঘ) He says that he is learning French.

• Direct speech: "He says, "I am learning French."
• Indirect speech: He says that he is learning French.

Direct speech এর reporting verb যদি present tense, present perfect tense, বা future tense থাকে,
তবে reported speech এর verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
কেবল person পরিবর্তিত হয়,
অর্থাৎ, 1st person (I, we) থাকলে Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়। 

উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে Reporting verb "says" এখানে present tense এ আছে।
যেহেতু reported speech-এ verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হবে না, তাই "am learning" এর পরিবর্তে "is learning" থাকবে,
কারণ subject he (3rd person) এবং present continuous tense-এ রয়েছে।
"that" যোগ করা হয় inverted comma (") বাদ দিয়ে।
তাহলে, "He says, 'I am learning French.' -এর Indirect Speech হবে: "He says that he is learning French."

অন্য অপশনগুলো:
ক) He says that he learned French. - ভুল কারণ am learning (Present Continuous) কে learned (Past Indefinite) এ পরিবর্তন করা হয়েছে।
খ) He says that he learns French. - ভুল কারণ tense পরিবর্তন হয়ে গেছে।
গ) He said that he is learning French.  - ভুল কারণ reporting verb said (Past tense) হয়ে গেছে, অথচ মূল বাক্যে says ছিল।

Examples:
Direct: He says, "I am ill."
Indirect: He says that he is ill.

৩৩৯.
He said, 'Let me have some water.' (Make it indirect)
  1. He said that he wanted some water.
  2. He demanded that he might have some water.
  3. He wished that he might have some water.
  4. He wished that he can have some water.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He wished that he might have some water.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He wished that he might have some water.
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক indirect বাক্যটি হবে - He wished that he might have some water.
• Let me/him/her থাকলে Indirect Structure:
- Subject + Reporting verb + that + Subject + might/might be allowed to + v1 + (told/requested/desired/wished)
৩৪০.
Baelish said, “Long live King Joffrey!” (Change the narration.)
  1. Baelish said that King Joffrey to live long. 
  2. Baelish wished the king, Joffrey, live long. 
  3. Baelish wished that King Joffrey might live long. 
  4. Baelish might wished that King Joffrey to live long. 
  5. None
সঠিক উত্তর:
Baelish wished that King Joffrey might live long. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Baelish wished that King Joffrey might live long. 
ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Optative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- said এর পরিবর্তে wished / prayed বসবে।
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসবে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে + may/ might বসে
- reported verb এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Direct Narration: Baelish said, “Long live King Joffrey!”
- Indirect Narration: Baelish wished that King Joffrey might live long.

More Examples:
- Direct Narration: He said, “Long live our unity!”
- Indirect Narration: He wished that their unity might live long.

৩৪১.
Karim said, "I shall go to school." (make it indirect)
  1. Karim said that he would be going to school.
  2. Karim said that he will go to school.
  3. Karim requested that he would go to school.
  4. Karim said that he would go to school.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Karim said that he would go to school.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Karim said that he would go to school.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct Speech এ Reported Verb টি Past Tense হলে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Reporting Speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting Verb say/said, tell/told বসবে। (যদি থাকে)
- Inverted Comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported Speech এর Subject/ Person অনুসারে পরিবর্তন হবে।
- Future Tense এর Will/Shall এর পরিবর্তে Would ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

Direct speech: Karim said, "I shall go to school."
Indirect speech: Karim said that he would go to school.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৪২.
Change into indirect speech:
She said, "I have lost my keys."
  1. She said that she lost her keys.
  2. She said that she had lost her keys.
  3. She said that she has lost her keys.
  4. She said that she loses her keys.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She said that she had lost her keys.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She said that she had lost her keys.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Answer: খ) She said that she had lost her keys.

- মূল বাক্য present perfect tense এ আছে।
- Reported speech এ tense past perfect এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- “Have lost” থেকে “had lost” হয়েছে।
- বাক্যের অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো “She said that she had lost her keys.”

Other options:
ক) She said that she lost her keys. 
- "have lost" → "lost" নয়, বরং "had lost" হওয়া উচিত।

গ) She said that she has lost her keys.
- Reporting verb অতীত হলে, Reported Speech-এর tense পরিবর্তন হওয়া উচিত।

ঘ) She said that she loses her keys.
- Present Indefinite হয়ে গেছে, যা অর্থ ও tense উভয়ই ভুল।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৩৪৩.
Choose the correct indirect speech of the following direct speech:
He said, "We are all sinners."
  1. He said that all of them were sinners.
  2. All of us are sinners was told by him.
  3. He said that they were sinners.
  4. He said that we are all sinners.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that we are all sinners.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that we are all sinners.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Narration: He said, "We are all sinners."
- এটি চিরন্তন সত্য যুক্ত বাক্য। 

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- Direct narration টি universal truth বা চিরন্তন সত্য বা habitual fact এর হলে,
- Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়: 
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- reporting verb যা আছে তাই বসে। 
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে। 
- reported speech এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।

- Indirect Narration: He said that we are all sinners.

৩৪৪.
Upon hearing the news of the accident, Sarah started weeping. (Make it Compound)
  1. Sarah heard the news of the accident and than started weeping.
  2. Sarah heard the news of the accident but started weeping.
  3. Sarah heard the news of the accident and started weeping.
  4. Sarah started weeping provided hearing the news of the accident.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Sarah heard the news of the accident and started weeping.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Sarah heard the news of the accident and started weeping.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple to Compound: 
Simple Sentence এর প্রথমে Verb+ing+.... থাকলে, 
- তাকে Compound করতে হলে ঐ অংশটুকু একটি clause- এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হয়। 
- এজন্য ঐ অংশকে Noun phrase + verb + object/extension আকারে লিখতে হয় এবং clause দুটিকে 'and' দ্বারা যুক্ত করতে হয়। 
- এখানে Noun phrase হলো Simple sentence এর পরবর্তী অংশের Noun phrase এবং Verb এর tense হবে Simple sentence এর verb এর tense এর অনুরূপ। 
- Hearing the news of the accident এই অংশটুকুর Noun phrase হবে: Sarah heard the news of the accident.

তাই সঠিক উত্তরটি হচ্ছে: Sarah heard the news of the accident and started weeping.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৩৪৫.
Change the narration:
The manager said, "Who solved the problem?"
  1. The manager asked who solved the problem.
  2. The manager asked who had solved the problem.
  3. The manager enquired of who will solve the problem.
  4. The manager enquired that who solved the problem.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The manager asked who had solved the problem.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The manager asked who had solved the problem.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: The manager said, "Who solved the problem?"
• Indirect: The manager asked who had solved the problem.

• Interrogative Sentence -এর Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb হিসেবে ask/asked, demand of, enquired of, want to know ইত্যাদি বসে।
- Reported speech টি যদি Wh word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh - question word টিই conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- Reporting verb এবং reporting speech উভয়েই past indefinite থাকলে, indirect করার সময় reported speech কে past perfect tense এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে।
- has এর past participle form 'had' বসবে। 
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসবে। 
- তারপর object বসবে। 

• More Examples:
- Direct: They said, "Why are you late?"
- Indirect: They asked why I was late.
৩৪৬.
Rajib said, "I must finish this mission." (Make it indirect)
  1. Rajib said that he had to finish that mission.
  2. Rajib said that he must finish this mission.
  3. Rajib said that he had to finish this mission.
  4. Rajib said that he has to finish that mission.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rajib said that he had to finish that mission.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rajib said that he had to finish that mission.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়: 
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে। 
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে। 
- Direct speech এ must থাকলে Indirect speech এ had to হয়। 
- to এর পর verb এর base form বসবে। 
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।  
- Dicect speech- এ 'this' থাকলে indirect speech- এ 'that' বসবে।

Direct: Rajib said, "I must finish this mission."
Indirect: Rajib said that he had to finish that mission.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৩৪৭.
Change the given sentence from direct to indirect speech: 
Sayka said to her sister, "Will you go there?"
  1. Sayka told her sister if she will go there.
  2. Sayka asked her sister if she would go there.
  3. Sayqa asks her sister if she would go there.
  4. Sayqa asked her sister if she will go there.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Sayka asked her sister if she would go there.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Sayka asked her sister if she would go there.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct Narration: Sayka said to her sister, "Will you go there?"

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- Direct narration টি interrogative sentence এর হলে,
- Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে: 
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে। 
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে পরিবর্তিত হয়ে tense অনুযায়ী ask/asked বসে ।
- Inverted comma উঠে if বসে। 
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- Direct speech এর Tense- Indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন হয়। 
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।  

- তাই, সঠিক indirect narration হবে Sayka asked her sister if she would go there.

৩৪৮.
They said that they ___ arrive on time.
  1. will
  2. would
  3. shall
  4. should
সঠিক উত্তর:
would
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would.
- Complete sentence: They said that they would arrive on time.

• বাক্যটাকে Direct Narration এ চিন্তা করলে এ রকম হয় - They said, "We will arrive on time."
- Direct Speech এর Reporting verb টি past tense এ হওয়ায়, Reported speech ও past tense এ হবে।
- reported speech এর will এর পরিবর্তিত হয়ে would হবে, can হবে could.
৩৪৯.
The officer said to the crowd, "Move back immediately." [change the narration]
  1. The officer ordered the crowd that to move immediately.
  2. The officer order that the crowd to move back immediately.
  3. The officer order the crowd to move back immediately.
  4. The officer ordered the crowd to move back immediately.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The officer ordered the crowd to move back immediately.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The officer ordered the crowd to move back immediately.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, তা না হলে tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়;
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে;
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Structure: Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Direct: The commander said to the soldiers, "Stand still"
Indirect: The commander commanded the soldiers to stand still.

Direct: The officer said to the crowd, "Move back immediately."
Indirect: The officer ordered the crowd to move back immediately.

বাকি অপশনগুলোর বিশ্লেষণ:

ক) The officer ordered the crowd that to move immediately.
- “that to move” grammatically ভুল।

খ) The officer order that the crowd to move back immediately.
- “order” এর সাথে singular tense mismatch এবং “that … to move” ভুল।

গ) The officer order the crowd to move back immediately.
- “order” এর past tense হবে এখানে (ordered).

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৫০.
Change the speech:
I said to him, “How did you remember all the names?”
  1. I asked him if he remembered all the names.
  2. I asked him how did he remember all the names.
  3. I asked him how he had remembered all the names.
  4. I asked him if he had remembered all the names.
সঠিক উত্তর:
I asked him how he had remembered all the names.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I asked him how he had remembered all the names.
ব্যাখ্যা

I said to him, “How did you remember all the names?”— এই বাক্যটি Direct speech এ আছে। 
- এর Indirect speech হচ্ছে- I asked him how he had remembered all the names. 

Interrogative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, 
Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম: 
- Reporting Verb (যেমন “said”) পরিবর্তন করে ask, enquire, inquire, want to know ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হবে। 
- যদি Reported Speech (যে অংশে প্রশ্ন করা হয়েছে) Auxiliary Verb (যেমন: do, does, did, shall, will, am, is, are, was, were, can, may, have, has, had) দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তাহলে 'if' বা 'whether' ব্যবহার করতে হবে। 
- যদি Reported Speech Wh-word (who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, how, when ইত্যাদি) দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তাহলে 'if/whether'-এর বদলে ঐ Wh-word-টিই ব্যবহার করতে হবে। 
- প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন (?) ও Auxiliary Verb-এর স্থান পরিবর্তিত হয়ে বাক্যটি একটি Assertive sentence এ রূপান্তরিত হবে। 

সংক্ষেপে, 

Examples: 
i) Direct: She said, “Do you want some tea?”
Indirect: She asked if I wanted some tea.

ii) Direct: He said to me, “Where are you going?”
Indirect: He asked me where I was going.

Source: English TWO, HSC Programme, Bangladesh Open University.

৩৫১.
He said to me, "Let us go out for a market."
  1. He proposed to me we might go out for a market.
  2. He asked me that we might go out to a market.
  3. He proposed to me that we should go out for a market.
  4. He proposed to me that let us go out for a market.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He proposed to me that we should go out for a market.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He proposed to me that we should go out for a market.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Let যুক্ত Sentence এর Indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Let এরপর us থাকলে Indirect করার সময় reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose / suggest হয়। 
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- they / we + should বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- reporting verb এরপর Subject third person হলে that এর পরে we বসে এবং reporting verb এর Subject first person হলে that এর পরে they বসে।

Direct: He said to me, "Let us go out for a market."
Indirect: He proposed to me that we should go out for a market.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৫২.
Change the narration: She said to him, "Can you come tomorrow?"
  1. She asked him if he could come tomorrow.
  2. She asked him if I could come the next day.
  3. She asked him if he could come the next day.
  4. She asked to him if he could come the next day.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She asked him if he could come the next day.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She asked him if he could come the next day.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech: She said to him, "Can you come tomorrow?"
Indirect speech: She asked him if he could come the next day.

• Interrogative sentence -এর speech পরিবর্তন করার ক্ষেত্রে:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb -এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb “said” -এর পরিবর্তে asked বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech -এর subject বসবে।
- Direct speech -এ 'Can' থাকলে Indirect speech -এ তা 'could' হয়ে যায়।
- Direct speech এ “tomorrow” আছে। Indirect speech-এ এটি হবে the next day.
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে।

• Structure: Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) +  if/whether + Reported speech - এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

Example: 
- Direct speech: The old man said to me, "Will you help me?"
- Indirect speech: The old man asked me if I would help him.

Other options,

ক) She asked him if he could come tomorrow.
- “tomorrow” রাখা হয়েছে, কিন্তু reported speech-এ এটা “the next day” হওয়া উচিত।

খ) She asked him if I could come the next day.
- pronoun ভুল হয়েছে, “I” বলা হয়েছে “he”-এর পরিবর্তে।

ঘ) She asked to him if he could come the next day.
- “asked to him” ভুল, কারণ “ask” verb এর সাথে সাধারণত “to” লাগে না।

৩৫৩.
Change into indirect narration: He said to me, "Where do you live?"
  1. He said to me where he lived.
  2. He asked me where I lived.
  3. He ask me where I live.
  4. He asked to me where I lived.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me where I lived.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me where I lived.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct answer: He asked me where I lived.

• Direct narration: He said to me, "Where do you live?"
- reporting verb টি past form এ আছে।
- reporting speech টিতে প্রশ্ন করা হয়েছে। তাই indirect speech টিতে reporting verb, asked me হবে।
- pronoun পরিবর্তিত হবে, এবং reporting speech টি past indefinite tense এর হবে। 
- He asked me where I lived.

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৩৫৪.
Change the following sentence into an indirect sentence:
Rupa said to me, "Why are you working so hard?"
  1. Rupa asked me why I work so hard.
  2. Rupa asked me why I am working so hard.
  3. Rupa told me why I was working so hard.
  4. Rupa asked me why I was working so hard.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rupa asked me why I was working so hard.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rupa asked me why I was working so hard.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: Rupa said to me, "Why are you working so hard?" 
Indirect: Rupa asked me why I was working so hard.
 
• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,

 'WH question' যুক্ত বাক্যের indirect narration এর গঠন - 
- reporting verb 'said to' এর পরিবর্তে asked বসবে। 
- reporting verb এর object অনুসারে reported speech এ verb বসবে।
- তারপর object বসবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৩৫৫.
She said, "I cooked pasta". (make it indirect speech)
  1. She told that she had cooked pasta. 
  2. She said that she have cooked pasta. 
  3. She said that she had cooked pasta. 
  4. She told that she have cooked pasta. 
সঠিক উত্তর:
She said that she had cooked pasta. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She said that she had cooked pasta. 
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct Speech: She said, "I cooked pasta".
Indirect Speech: She said that she had cooked pasta.
- Reporting speech past tense এ থাকায় Indirect speech এ Past Perfect Tense হবে: Direct speech-এর "cooked" পরিবর্তন হয়ে had cooked (Past Perfect) হয়েছে।

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- Reporting speech (said) past tense এ থাকায় Indirect speech এ Past Perfect Tense হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Other options:
ক) She told that she had cooked pasta.
- ভুল কারন, এখানে said-এর বদলে told ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। told-এর পরে সাধারণত একটি object বসে। এখানে কোনো object নেই।

খ) She said that she have cooked pasta.
- ভুল কারন, Reporting speech "past tense" এ থাকায় Indirect speech এ "Past Perfect Tense" হবে।

ঘ) She told that she have cooked pasta.
- ভুল কারন, Reporting speech "past tense" এ থাকায় Indirect speech এ "Past Perfect Tense" হবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৩৫৬.
The teacher said to the students, "May you prosper in life."(Make it indirect)
  1. The teacher wished that may the students prosper in life.
  2. The teacher wished that the students might have prospered in life.
  3. The teacher wished that the students might prosper in life.
  4. The teacher wished that the students may prospered in life.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher wished that the students might prosper in life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher wished that the students might prosper in life.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: The teacher wished that the students might prosper in life.

• Optative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- said এর পরিবর্তে wished / prayed বসবে।
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসবে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে + may/ might বসে।
- reported verb এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।

Other options:
ক) The teacher wished that may the students prosper in life.
- Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার সময় subject + may/ might বসে। এখানের subject এর পূর্বে may বসেছে তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

খ) The teacher wished that the students might have prospered in life.
- Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার সময় reported verb এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ অপরিবর্তিত ভাবে বসে।

ঘ The teacher wished that the students may prospered in life.
- Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার সময় subject + may/ might বসে। may/might এর পর সাধারণত verb এর base form বসে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৫৭.
The doctor said to me, "Take rest for a few days." (Make it indirect)
  1. The doctor requested me to take rest for a few days.
  2. The doctor said to me to take rest for a few days.
  3. The doctor advised me to take rest for a few days.
  4. The doctor command me to take rest for a few days.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The doctor advised me to take rest for a few days.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The doctor advised me to take rest for a few days.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Imperative sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Subject + request/ order/ advice/ beg/ forbid বসে।
- Object বসে।
- to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী person পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- reported verb টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order/ command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হবে।

• Direct speech: The doctor said to me, "Take rest for a few days."
• Indirect speech: The doctor advised me to take rest for a few days.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৫৮.
Change the narration: Emma said to John, "Will you help me with this project?"
  1. Emma asked John if he would help her with that project.
  2. Emma asked John will he would help her with that project.
  3. Emma asked John if he would helped her with that project.
  4. Emma asked John if he helped her with that project.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Emma asked John if he would help her with that project.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Emma asked John if he would help her with that project.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
Sentence টি Interrogative sentence এ থাকলে,
- Reporting verb টি ask, inquire of, want to know, demand, wonder ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive এ পরিণত হয়।

• Interrogative sentence এ যদি W/H question word না থেকে যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তখন সেই বাক্যটিকে পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of বসে।
- Object বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- if/ whether বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- reported speech এর verb বসে।
- বাকি অংশ।

Structure: Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।

Direct: Promi said to her friend, "Will you go home?"
Indirect: Promi asked her friend if she would go home.

Direct: Emma said to John, "Will you help me with this project?"
Indirect: Emma asked John if he would help her with that project.

• যদি direct speech-এ একটি প্রশ্ন থাকে, তবে তা indirect speech-এ রূপান্তর করার সময় "if" বা "whether" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- Verb tense পরিবর্তন: will বা shall কে would বা should-এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়।
- Pronoun পরিবর্তন: বাক্যের মধ্যে ব্যবহৃত pronoun-গুলি উপযুক্ত রূপে পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

• "Will" কে "would"-এ রূপান্তর করা হয়েছে।
- "me" কে "her"-এ পরিবর্তন করা হয়েছে।
- "this project" কে "that project"-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়েছে

Other options,
খ) Emma asked John will he would help her with that project.
- এটি ভুল কারণ "will" ও "would" একসাথে ব্যবহার করা হয় না।

গ) Emma asked John if he would helped her with that project.
- এটি ভুল কারণ "would" এর সাথে past participle (helped) ব্যবহার করা হয় না; "would help" হওয়া উচিত।

ঘ) Emma asked John if he helped her with that project.
- এটি ভুল কারণ "helped" (past tense) ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা প্রশ্নের মূল গঠন অনুযায়ী সঠিক নয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৫৯.
The teacher said, "Knowledge is power."(Make it indirect)
  1. The teacher said that knowledge had been the power.
  2. The teacher said that knowledge was the power.
  3. The teacher said It is the knowledge that is power.
  4. The teacher said that knowledge is power.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher said that knowledge is power.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher said that knowledge is power.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Reported speech দ্বারা যদি কোনো চিরন্তন সত্য বা অভ্যাসগত কর্ম বা ঐতিহাসিক সত্য বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য প্রকাশ পায়, তবে Indirect Narration এ Tense এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না৷
- Reporting verb এর subject এবং verb অপরিবর্তিত ভাবে বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।

• অর্থাৎ, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Direct: The teacher said, "Knowledge is power."
Indirect: The teacher said that knowledge is power.
৩৬০.
He said, "Alas! The storm has destroyed our crops."
  1. He exclaimed with sorrow that the storm had destroyed our crops.
  2. He exclaimed with sorrow that the storm had destroyed their crops.
  3. He exclaimed with sorrow that the storm has destroyed their crops.
  4. He exclaimed with sorrow that the storm destroyed our crops.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He exclaimed with sorrow that the storm had destroyed their crops.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He exclaimed with sorrow that the storm had destroyed their crops.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech: He said, "Alas! The storm has destroyed our crops."
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed with sorrow that the storm had destroyed their crops.

• Exclamatory sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, direct speech থেকে indirect speech:
→ Direct speech দ্বারা আনন্দ বুঝালে Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "exclaimed/exclaimed with joy" আর দুঃখ বুঝালে "exclaimed/exclaimed with sorrow/ grief" হয়।
→ Inverted comma উঠে that বসবে।
→ reported speech এর Subject বসে।
→ Reporting verb অনুযায়ী reported speech এর verb বসবে।
→ very/great বসবে।
→ adjective বসবে।
→ বাকি অংশ (যদি থাকে)।
→ direct speech- এ our থাকলে indirect speech- এ their বসবে।

Source: Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৬১.
The teacher said to me, "May you pass the examination." (make it indirect)
  1. The teacher prayed that I could pass the examnation.
  2. The teacher wished that I may have passed the examination.
  3. The teacher wished that I might pass the examination.
  4. The teacher prayed that I might have passed the examination.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher wished that I might pass the examination.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher wished that I might pass the examination.
ব্যাখ্যা
Optative Sentence এর direct speech থাকে indirect speech- এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Reporting clause এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে wish/ pray বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর Subject বসে।
may/ might বসে।
- Reported speech এর মুল Verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Direct: The teacher said to me, "May you pass the examination."
Indirect: The teacher wished that I might pass the examination.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৬২.
In each of the following questions, a sentence has been given in Direct Speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Indirect Speech (Qs.19-21)
The officer said to the drivers, "Do not exceed the speed limit."
  1. The officer told the drivers not to exceed the speed limit.
  2. The officer forbade the drivers not to exceed the speed limit.
  3. The officer forbade the drivers to exceed the speed limit.
  4. The officer forbade the drivers to not to exceed the speed limit.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The officer forbade the drivers to exceed the speed limit.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The officer forbade the drivers to exceed the speed limit.
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যটি নিষেধ/উপদেশমূলক হওয়ায় said এর পরিবর্তে advised/forbade/ordered ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যের indirect speech এ advised এবং ordered ব্যবহৃত হলে not to ব্যবহৃত হবে কিন্তু forbade নিজেই না বোধক হওয়ায় এর পর not বসবে না শুধু to + verb বসবে।

• যেমন: The officer said to the drivers, "Do not exceed the speed limit."
- এর indirect speech দুটি হতে পারে -
1- The officer ordered/advised the drivers not to exceed the speed limit
2- The officer forbade the drivers to exceed the speed limit.

• যেহেতু প্রশ্নের অপশনে - The officer forbade the drivers to exceed the speed limit. রয়েছে, তাই এটিই সঠিক উত্তর।
৩৬৩.
Rana said to her, "Let’s start the meeting immediately." (make it indirect)
  1. Rana told her that they start the meeting immediately.
  2. Rana suggested to her that they should start the meeting immediately.
  3. Rana requested her that they should start the meeting immediately.
  4. Rana said to her that they have started the meeting immediately.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rana suggested to her that they should start the meeting immediately.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rana suggested to her that they should start the meeting immediately.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Let যুক্ত sentence এর indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Let এরপর us থাকলে indirect করার সময় reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose / suggest হয়। 
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- they/ we + should বসে।
- Reported Speech এর মুল verb থাকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- Reporting verb এর Subject third person হলে that এরপরে they বসে, এবং Reporting verb এর subject first person হলে that এরপরে we বসে।

• Direct speech: Rana said to her, "Let’s start the meeting immediately."
• Indirect speech: Rana suggested to her that they should start the meeting immediately.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৬৪.
The teacher said to the students, "Open your books." [Change the narration]
  1. The teacher instructed the students to open their books.
  2. The teacher instruct the students to open their books.
  3. The teacher told the students open their books.
  4. The teacher said the students to open their books.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher instructed the students to open their books.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher instructed the students to open their books.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: The teacher instructed the students to open their books.

- The teacher said to the students, "Open your books." 
• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, তা না হলে tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়;
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে;
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- The teacher instructed the students to open their books.

Structure: Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell/ instructed + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Other Options:
খ) The teacher instruct the students to open their books.
→ tense ভুল; “said” past হওয়ায় reporting verbও past “instructed” হবে।

গ) The teacher told the students open their books.
→ “to” বাদ আছে, ফলে grammatical error।

ঘ) The teacher said the students to open their books.
→ “said to” ব্যবহার না করায় ভুল।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৬৫.
The president said, "May Bangladesh live long." (Make it indirect)
  1. The president said that Bangladesh might live long.
  2. The president wished that might Bangladesh live long. 
  3. The president said that might Bangladesh live long.
  4. The president wished that Bangladesh might live long. 
সঠিক উত্তর:
The president wished that Bangladesh might live long. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The president wished that Bangladesh might live long. 
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech: The president said, "May Bangladesh live long."
Indirect speech: The president wished that Bangladesh might live long. 
- Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার "said" এর পরিবর্তে wished/prayed বসে।

• Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- said এর পরিবর্তে wished / prayed বসবে।
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসবে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে + may/ might বসে।
- reported verb এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।
 
Other options:
ক) The president said that Bangladesh might live long.
- ভুল, Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার সময় "said" এর পরিবর্তে wished/prayed বসে।

খ) The president wished that might Bangladesh live long. 
- ভুল, Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার সময় reported speech এর subject বসে + may/ might বসে।

গ) The president said that might Bangladesh live long.
- ভুল, Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার সময় "said" এর পরিবর্তে wished/prayed বসে। তারপর reported speech এর subject বসে + may/ might বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৬৬.
The teacher said to the students, "Do not shout in the classroom." (Make it indirect)
  1. The teacher forbade the students from to shout in the classroom.
  2. The teacher forbade the students to shout in the classroom.
  3. The teacher forbade the students not shouting in the classroom.
  4. The teacher forbade the students from not shouting in the classroom.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher forbade the students to shout in the classroom.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher forbade the students to shout in the classroom.
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নোল্লিখিত বাক্যটি নিষেধ/উপদেশমূলক হওয়ায় said এর পরিবর্তে advised/forbade/ordered ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যের indirect speech এ advised এবং ordered ব্যবহৃত হলে not to ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- কিন্তু forbade নিজেই না বোধক হওয়ায় এর পর not বসবে না শুধু to + verb বসবে।

• যেমন:
The teacher said to the students, "Do not shout in the classroom."
এর indirect speech হতে পারে।
1. The teacher forbade the students to shout in the classroom.
2. The teacher ordered/advised the students not to shout in the classroom.

• আরো উদাহরণ:
• Direct speech: 'Don't waste your time' the boss said to the employees.
1- The boss ordered/advised the employees not to waste their time.
2- The boss forbade the employees to waste their time.

• Direct speech: John said to me, “Don’t conceal anything”.
- Indirect speech: John forbade me to conceal anything.

• Direct speech: My father said to me, “Do not waste your time.”
Indirect speech: My father forbade me to waste my time.

• The Teacher said to the students, “Do not make noise.”
1. The teacher ordered/advised the students not to make noise.
2. The teacher forbade the students to make noise.
৩৬৭.
He said, "Let me go now."
(Choose the correct indirect form.)
  1. He said that he might go then.
  2. He requested that he may go now.
  3. He said that he could go now.
  4. He told that he might go then.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that he might go then.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that he might go then.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: (ক) He said that he might go then.

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
→ Let যুক্ত imperative sentence কে direct speech থেকে indirect speech করার নিয়ম:

→ Reported speech "Let me/him/her" দিয়ে শুরু হলে indirect করার সময় "said/wished/desired" হবে।
→ এবং এর পরে that + sub + might/should + Verb এর (base form) বসবে।

- He said that he might go then. 

Other Options:
(খ) He requested that he may go now.
- tense পরিবর্তন হয়নি (“may” → “might”.)

(গ) He said that he could go now.
- “could” অনুমতি বোঝায় না।

(ঘ) He told that he might go then.
- “told” এর পরে object হবে।

৩৬৮.
My friend said, “Long live our country!” (Make it indirect)
  1. My friend prayed that our country may live long. 
  2. My friend wished that our country might live long. 
  3. My friend prayed that our country might be lived long. 
  4. My friend prayed that our country to be lived long. 
সঠিক উত্তর:
My friend wished that our country might live long. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
My friend wished that our country might live long. 
ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Optative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- said এর পরিবর্তে wished / prayed বসবে।
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসবে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে + may/ might বসে
- reported verb এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।

• Long live country মূলত May country live long. ছিল।
- তাই এটা ধরে নিয়ে Narration Change করতে হবে।
- নিয়ম অনুযায়ী, may - might হবে এবং Subject এর পরে বসবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Direct Narration: My friend said, “Long live our country!”
- Indirect Narration: My friend wished that our country might live long.

More Examples:
- Direct Narration: He said, “Long live our unity!”
- Indirect Narration: He wished that their unity might live long.

৩৬৯.
Choose the correct indirect speech of:
"Why did they leave?"
  1. They asked why they left.
  2. They asked why did they leave.
  3. They asked why had they left.
  4. They asked why they had left.
সঠিক উত্তর:
They asked why they had left.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
They asked why they had left.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct indirect speech of "Why did they leave?" is: They asked why they had left.

WH Question-এ Indirect Speech গঠনের নিয়ম:
- Direct speech এ 'said to' থাকে, কিন্তু Indirect speech-এ 'asked' ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- Reporting verb এর tense অনুযায়ী reported speech এর verb পরিবর্তিত হয়। উদাহরণস্বরূপ, যদি direct speech এ present tense থাকে, তবে indirect speech-এ past tense হবে। তবে যদি question এর মধ্যে past tense থাকে, তবে তা past perfect হয়ে যাবে।
- Direct speech এর মধ্যে সাধারণত subject + verb + object থাকে, কিন্তু indirect speech-এ subject + verb + object এর আগে wh-word যুক্ত হয়ে question word (যেমন: who, what, where, etc.) এবং that যুক্ত হবে।
- Direct speech-এ quotation marks (" ") থাকলেও, indirect speech-এ that ব্যবহার করা হয়, এবং inverted comma থাকে না।

গঠন: Reporting verb + WH word + Subject + Verb (tense অনুযায়ী) + Object.

Examples:
Direct speech: "Where do you live?"
Indirect Speech: She asked where I lived.
৩৭০.
She said to me, "Give me a pen." (make it indirect)
  1. She said to me give her a pen. 
  2. She ordered me to give her a pen. 
  3. She command me to give her a pen.
  4. She requested me to give her a pen. 
সঠিক উত্তর:
She requested me to give her a pen. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She requested me to give her a pen. 
ব্যাখ্যা

Imperative sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Subject + request/ order/ advice/ beg/ forbid বসে।
- Object বসে।
- to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী person পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- reported verb টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order/ command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হবে।

Direct speech: She said to me, "Give me a pen."
Indirect speech: She requested me to give her a pen. 

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৭১.
The teacher said to the students, "Let me explain this topic." (Make it indirect)
  1. The teacher suggested to the students that he should explain this topic.
  2. The teacher suggested that he would explain this topic.
  3. The teacher suggested to the students that I should explain this topic.
  4. The teacher suggested to the students that they should explain this topic.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher suggested to the students that he should explain this topic.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher suggested to the students that he should explain this topic.
ব্যাখ্যা
Answer: The teacher suggested to the students that he should explain this topic.

মূল বাক্য (Direct Speech): "The teacher said to the students, 'Let me explain this topic.'"
→ Direct Speech-এ শিক্ষক বলেছেন, "Let me explain this topic."
এখানে Let দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হয়েছে, তাই Indirect Speech-এ রূপান্তরের সময় নিম্নলিখিত গঠনটি অনুসরণ করতে হবে:
Subject + proposed/suggested + Object + that + Subject(RS) + should + Verb(RS) + বাকি অংশ।
Direct Speech-এ "me" (শিক্ষক নিজে) Indirect Speech-এ "he" হয়ে যায়, এবং নিয়ম অনুযায়ী "should" ব্যবহার করা হয়।
সুতরাং, সঠিক Indirect Speech হলো: The teacher suggested to the students that he should explain this topic.

বাকি অপশনগুলো ভুল:
খ) "they should explain this topic" → এখানে "they" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা ভুল কারণ শিক্ষক নিজে ব্যাখ্যা করতে চাইছেন।
গ) "he would explain this topic" → এখানে "would" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, কিন্তু নিয়ম অনুযায়ী "should" ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
ঘ) "I should explain this topic" → এখানে "I" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা Indirect Speech-এ অপ্রাসঙ্গিক।
৩৭২.
The Washington Post says, "we have identified the prime suspect." (Make it indirect)
  1. The Washington Post acclaimed that they have identified the prime suspect.
  2. The Washington Post claimed that they had identified the prime suspect.
  3. The Washington Post says that it has identified the prime suspect.
  4. The Washington Post says that it had identified the prime suspect.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The Washington Post says that it has identified the prime suspect.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The Washington Post says that it has identified the prime suspect.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- যদি Reporting Verb টি Present বা Future tense এ থাকে, তাহলে Direct Speech কে Indirect করার সময় Verb এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- Reporting speech এ we থাকলে, তা যদি ব্যক্তি বা মানব জাতিকে না বুঝিয়ে Editorial বা পত্রিকা ব্বিষয়ক/ সম্পাদকীয় বোঝায়, তবে we এর পরিবর্তে indirect speech এ it হবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - The Washington Post says that it has identified the prime suspect.

• We দ্বারা মানব জাতিকে নির্দেশ করলে we=we ই থাকবে।
যেমন -
- Direct - He said 'we are the best of all the creations'.
- Indirect - He said that we are the best of all the creations.
৩৭৩.
The correct indirect form of:
The doctor said, "You should take some rest."
  1. The doctor proposed to take some rest.
  2. The doctor advised that he should take some rest.
  3. The doctor suggested that he took some rest.
  4. The doctor advised him to take some rest.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The doctor advised him to take some rest.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The doctor advised him to take some rest.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Direct speech: The doctor said, "You should take some rest."
- Indirect speech: The doctor advised him to take some rest.

• Imperative mood যুক্ত Direct speech কে Indirect করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Subject বসে।
- Reported speech -এর অর্থানুযায়ী Indirect -এ reporting verb হিসেবে ask, order, request, advise, suggest, command, recommend, tell, urge ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- প্রদত্ত Direct speech -এ উপদেশ বুঝালে reporting verb হিসেবে advise বসে।
- object বসে।
- Affirmative sentence -এর ক্ষেত্রে inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে Imperative verb -এর পূর্বে to বসে।
- মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
৩৭৪.
He said, ''Good-bye my sisters." [change the narration]
  1. He asked his sisters good-bye.
  2. He says his sisters good-bye.
  3. He bade his sisters good-bye. 
  4. He told his sisters good-bye. 
সঠিক উত্তর:
He bade his sisters good-bye. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He bade his sisters good-bye. 
ব্যাখ্যা

• Good-bye/Farewell যুক্ত sentence- এ Indirect speech কে Direct speech করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর Subject বসে।
- said এর পরিবর্তে bade বসে।
- কমা (,) ব্যবহার হবে।
- ইনভার্টেড কমা (") শুরু।
- Good-bye বসে।
- object বসবে।
- ইনভার্টেড কমা (") শেষ।

Direct: He said, ''Good-bye my sisters.''
Indirect: He bade his sisters good-bye.

৩৭৫.
Kalim said, "I must sleep now." (Indirect)
  1. Kalim said that he must had to sleep then.
  2. Kalim said that he must sleep then.
  3. Kalim said that I must sleep then.
  4. Kalim said that he had to sleep then.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Kalim said that he had to sleep then.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Kalim said that he had to sleep then.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct: Kalim said, "I must sleep now."
• Indirect: Kalim said that he had to sleep then.

• Direct narration থেকে Indirect narration এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম হলো-
- প্রথমে Reporting verb-এর Subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- তারপর যদি বাক্যটি assertive sentence হয়, তাহলে Inverted comma (" ") উঠিয়ে দিয়ে conjunction হিসেবে that বসানো হয়।
- এরপর Reported speech-এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Reporting verb-এর Subject বা Object-এর number (একবচন বা বহুবচন), person (first, second, third) এবং gender (male/female) অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।

- Reported speech-এ must থাকলে এবং reporting verb past tense-এর হলেও indirect speech-এ must এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- আবার চিরকালীন বাধ্যতা না বোঝালে must-এর বদলে had to ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।

• More Examples: 
Dir: Rima said, "Kamal must have his car repaired."
Ind: Rima said that Kamal had to have his car repaired.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৭৬.
Choose the indirect speech of - Rafi said to her sister, "Will you go there?"
  1. Rafi ask her sister if she would go there.
  2. Rafi asked her sister if she would go there.
  3. Rafi asked her sister if she will go there.
  4. Rafi said her sister if she would come there.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rafi asked her sister if she would go there.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rafi asked her sister if she would go there.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech: Rafi said to her sister, "Will you go there?"
Indirect Speech: Rafi asked her sister if she would go there.

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
Sentence টি Interrogative sentence এ থাকলে,
→ Reporting verb টি  ask, inquire of, want to know, demand, wonder ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
→ Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive এ পরিণত হয়।

• Interrogative sentence এ যদি W/H question word না থেকে যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তখন সেই বাক্যটিকে পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
→ Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
→ Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of বসে।
→ Object বসে (যদি থাকে)।
→ if/ whether বসে।
→ reported speech এর subject বসে।
→ reported speech এর verb বসে।
→ বাকি অংশ।

Structure: Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৭৭.
Change the speech: He said to me, ''Which book do you want?''
  1. He told me which book I wanted.
  2. He asked me which book I wanted.
  3. He asked me which book did he want.
  4. He said to me which book I wanted.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me which book I wanted.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me which book I wanted.
ব্যাখ্যা
• The correct answer:  He asked me which book I wanted.
-  Reported speech এর অন্তর্গত Interrogative sentence টি যদি কোন Wh - question word দ্বারা শুরু হয়,তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে অর্থাৎ সেই Wh - question word টিই Conjunction হিসাবে বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি Auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে inverted comma তুলে, linker হিসেবে if/ whether বসবে।
- Direct speech এ present Indefinite tense থাকলে Indirect narration এ তা past indefinite tense হয়।

Structure : Sub + ask + object (যদি থাকে) + Interrogative Pronoun/
Interrogative adverb + Reported speech এর Subject + Verb + বাকি অংশ।
যেমন:
Direct : “What do you want?” She asked him.
Indirect : She asked him what he wanted.
Direct : He said to me, ''Where do you live?''
Indirect : He asked me where I lived.
Direct: He said to me, 'When did you come here'
Indirect: He asked me when I had gone there.
Direct : She said to me, ''Why don't you came on Monday'
৩৭৮.
Shiplo will say, "He writes a letter."(change into indirect speech)
  1. Shiplo will say that he writes a letter.
  2. Shiplo will told that he has written a letter.
  3. Shiplo will say that he has written a letter.
  4. Shiplo will told he writes a letter.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Shiplo will say that he writes a letter.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Shiplo will say that he writes a letter.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: Shiplo will say that he writes a letter.
- উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে Reporting verb "will say" এখানে Future tense এ আছে। তাই reported speech-এ verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হবে না।
- Reporting verb-এর পরে যেহেতু এখানে object নেই, তাই "told"  ব্যবহার না করে "say" ব্যবহারই সঠিক।

• Direct speech এর reporting verb যদি Present tense বা Future tense থাকে,
- তবে reported speech এর verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- কেবল person পরিবর্তিত হয়,
- অর্থাৎ, 1st person (I, we) থাকলে Reporting Verb এর Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়। 
- 2nd person (you) থাকলে Reporting Verb এর Object অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- Reported speech এর 3rd person এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৭৯.
Father said to his son, "May the sun shine brightly on your special day." (Make it indirect)
  1. Father wished that the sun may shine brightly on his son's special day.
  2. Father wished that the sun might shine brightly on his son's special day.
  3. Father prayed that the sun may shine brightly on his special day.
  4. None of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
Father wished that the sun might shine brightly on his son's special day.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Father wished that the sun might shine brightly on his son's special day.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech: Father said to his son, "May the sun shine brightly on your special day."
Indirect Speech: Father wished that the sun might shine brightly on his son's special day.

• Optative sentence এর Direct speech কে indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
a) Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে wish বা pray বসে।
b) Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
c) Reported speech- এর Subject বসে।
d) may/might বসে।
e) Reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Structure: Subject + wish/pray + that + Reported speech এর subject + may/might + মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
৩৮০.
Neither of them wanted to take the blame, _______________
  1. did they.
  2. didn't they?
  3. did they?
  4. weren't they?
সঠিক উত্তর:
did they?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
did they?
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete Sentence: Neither of them wanted to take the blame, did they?
→ anyone, any body, no one, nobody, none, neither হয়, সে ক্ষেত্রে 'Tag'- এর subject হবে they.
→ hardly, scarcely, seldom, nothing, none, no one, neither ইত্যাদি কোনো sentence- এ থাকলে, ওই sentence 'negative' expression দেয়।
→ এর ফলে প্রশ্ন প্রদও বাক্যটির tag 'affirmative' হয়েছে।
→ বাক্যটি past indefinite tense হওয়ায় Tag question এর ক্ষেত্রে did they হয়েছে।
→ tag question এর ক্ষেত্রে বাক্যের শেষে সবসময় question mark (?) বসে।

• সাধারণত Tag question ব্যবহৃত হয় পূর্বে উল্লেখিত কোন উক্তি সত্য না মিথ্যা তা নিশ্চিত হওয়ার জন্য। 
• Statement 'positive' হলে tag question টা 'negative' হবে। আবার statement 'negative' হলে tag question 'positive' হবে। 

More Example:
1. None can do this, can they?
2. Anyone is allowed to come in, are they?
3. Everybody could understand it, couldn't they?
৩৮১.
He said to me, "Where are you going?"(change the narration)
  1. He asked me where was I going.
  2. He asked me where am I going.
  3. He asked me where I am going.
  4. He asked me where I was going.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me where I was going.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me where I was going.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: He asked me where I was going.

• Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর স্থলে ask / enquire ব্যবহার হয়।
- Inverted Comma উঠে গিয়ে if/ whether বসে।
- তবে reported Speech টি যদি "Wh" question দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে if/whether না বসে ঐ Pronoun টিই বসে।
- Pronoun ও Phrase গুলো ঠিকভাবে পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Direct speech টি Present Continuous Tense এ থাকলে Indirect করার সময় Past continuous tense এ পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- Interrogative sentence টিকে assertive sentence এ পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Structure: Subject + ask/asked + object + if/whether/wh + reported speech এর subject + Tense অনুসারে verb + extension.

Other options:
ক) He asked me where was I going.
- ভুল, কারণ Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার সময় Interrogative sentence টিকে assertive sentence এ পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

খ) He asked me where am I going.
- ভুল, কারণ Indirect speech এ সঠিকভাবে Tense এর পরিবর্তন করা হয়নি। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

গ) He asked me where I am going.
- ভুল, কারণ এক্ষেত্রেও Indirect speech এ সঠিকভাবে Tense এর পরিবর্তন করা হয়নি। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৮২.
He said, “I am tired.”
  1. He said that he was tired.
  2. He said he is tired.
  3. He said that I am tired.
  4. He says that he was tired.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that he was tired.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that he was tired.
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তরটি হলো: ক) He said that he was tired.

- Direct Speech (প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তি) He said, “I am tired.”
- থেকে Indirect Speech (পরোক্ষ উক্তি)-তে রূপান্তর করার সময় নিয়ম অনুযায়ী Tense পরিবর্তন হয়।
- এখানে Present Tense (am) Past Tense (was)-এ পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে।
- Pronoun (সর্বনাম), পরিবর্তিত হয়ে he হয়েছে, কারণ বক্তা অন্য কারো কথা বলছেন।
- Indirect Speech-এ that ব্যবহার ঐচ্ছিক, তবে এটি ব্যাকরণগতভাবে সঠিক।

• Other options:
খ) He said he is tired. : ভুল, কারণ Indirect Speech-এ Tense পরিবর্তন প্রয়োজন (এখানে is-এর পরিবর্তে was হওয়া উচিত)।

গ) He said that I am tired. : ভুল, কারণ Pronoun পরিবর্তন হয়নি (I-এর জায়গায় he হওয়া উচিত)।

ঘ) He says that he was tired. : ভুল, কারণ মূল বাক্যে Reporting Verb (said) Past Tense-এ আছে, তাই says (Present Tense) ব্যবহার সঠিক নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৩৮৩.
Change the narration:
He said, "Happy birthday!"
  1. He told me happy birthday.
  2. He wished me happy birthday.
  3. He said to me happy birthday.
  4. He greeted to me happy birthday.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He wished me happy birthday.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He wished me happy birthday.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) He wished me happy birthday.

- He said, "Happy birthday!"
• যখন কারও বক্তব্যে "Happy birthday," "Good evening," "Good night," ইত্যাদি শুভেচ্ছাবাচক শব্দ থাকে, তখন তা indirect speech-এ রূপান্তর করার সময় verb "wished" ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- প্রশ্নে "said" verb এর পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "wished" হবে, কারণ "Happy birthday!" একটি শুভেচ্ছাবাচক বাক্য।
Direct: He said, "Happy birthday!"
Indirect: He wished me happy birthday.

অন্য অপশনগুলোর মাঝে:
(ক) He told me happy birthday. → ভুল, কারণ "told" সাধারণত নির্দেশ বা তথ্য দেওয়ার ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয়, শুভেচ্ছার ক্ষেত্রে নয়।
(গ) He said to me happy birthday.→ ভুল, কারণ "said to" এখানে প্রাসঙ্গিক নয়, এবং এটি ইংরেজিতে সঠিক গঠন নয়।
(ঘ) He greeted to me happy birthday. → ভুল, কারণ "greeted" সাধারণত "Good morning" বা "Good evening"-এর ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে, কিন্তু "Happy birthday!" সাধারণত "wished" দিয়ে প্রকাশ করা হয়। আবার to প্রাসঙ্গিক নয়।

 Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৮৪.
Despite being sick, Arabi went to college. (Make it complex)
  1. Though Arabi is sick, she went to college.
  2. If Arabi was sick, she went to college.
  3. Though Arabi was sick still she went to college.
  4. Though Arabi was sick, she went to college.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Though Arabi was sick, she went to college.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Though Arabi was sick, she went to college.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple to complex:
• Simple sentence এ যদি In spite of/ despite থাকে তাহলে complex sentence এ though/although বসে।

- Though/Although,
- subject,
- person ও number অনুসারে verb,
- 2nd clause (অপরিবর্তিত থাকে)।

Simple: Despite being sick, Arabi went to college.
Complex: Though Arabi was sick, she went to college.
৩৮৫.
He said, "Let her go to the picnic." (Make it indirect)
  1. He suggested that she may go to the picnic.
  2. He proposed that let her go to the picnic.
  3. He said that she might be gone to the picnic.
  4. He proposed that she could go to the picnic.
  5. He said that she might go to the picnic.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that she might go to the picnic.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that she might go to the picnic.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech: He said, "Let her go to the picnic"
Indirect Speech: He said that she might go to the picnic.

• Let যুক্ত imperative sentence কে direct থেকে indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Reported Speech-টি যদি Let's/ Let us দিয়ে শুরু হয় তাহলে তা কোন প্রস্তাব বুঝায়।
- Let এর পর me, him, them থাকলে প্রস্তাব বুঝাবে না

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরিত করার সময় Let দ্বারা প্রস্তাব না বোঝালে Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে + Reported Verb এর subject পুনরায় বসে + might + reporting speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত হয়।

• Structure:
- Subject + প্রদত্ত Reporting verb + object যদি থাকে + that + Reported speech এর subject + might + reporting speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।

Example:
Direct Speech: She said, "Let him finish his work first."
Indirect Speech: She said that he might finish his work first.

Direct Speech: The teacher said, "Let the students submit their assignments today."
Indirect Speech: The teacher said that the students might submit their assignments that day.

Direct Speech: We said, "Let him tell the story."
Indirect Speech: We said that he might tell the story.
৩৮৬.
He said, “I can finish the work today. (Indirect Speech)
  1. He said that he will finish the work that day.
  2. He said that he will be finished the work that day.
  3. He said that he can finish the work that day.
  4. He said that he could finish the work that day.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that he could finish the work that day.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that he could finish the work that day.
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct sentence is: ঘ) He said that he could finish the work that day.

Direct Speech থেকে Indirect Speech করার ক্ষেত্রে,
Direct Speech এর Reporting verb টি past tense এ হওয়ায়, Reported speech ও past tense এ হবে।
reported speech এর will এর পরিবর্তিত হয়ে would হবে, can হবে could.
Example
- Direct Speech: He said, 'I shall/will be unable to come.'
- Indirect Speech: He said that he would be unable to come.

Other options
ক) He said that he will finish the work that day.
এখানে will ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, কিন্তু direct speech past tense হওয়ায় indirect speech-এ tense backshift করা উচিত। 

খ) He said that he will be finished the work that day.
এখানে passive/tense ভুল; “will be finished” ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে যা সঠিক নয়। 

গ) He said that he can finish the work that day.
এখানে can ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা present/future ability বোঝায়, কিন্তু past tense context-এ could ব্যবহার করা উচিত। 

৩৮৭.
She said, "What a great achievement!" (Make it indirect Speech)
  1. She exclaimed that it was great achievement.
  2. She exclaimed that it was a very great achievement.
  3. She said that What it was a very great achievement.
  4. She exclaimed that it is a great achievement.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She exclaimed that it was a very great achievement.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She exclaimed that it was a very great achievement.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Speech: She said, "What a great achievement!"
Indirect Speech: She exclaimed that it was a very great achievement.
-------------------- 
• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Exclamatory sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Reported speech টি How বা What দ্বারা শুরু হলে অর্থাৎ, বাক্যের শুরুতে আতিশয্য বুঝালে Indirect Narration করার সময় -
- How বা What এর পরিবর্তে very, much, great ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- said এর পরিবর্তে exclaimed ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- এরপর কমার (,) বদলে that বসবে।
- Exclamatory Sentence টি Assertive Sentence এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- বাক্যে subject না থাকায় It কে subject হিসাবে ধরে নিতে হবে।
- reporting verb past tense থাকলে reported speech এর verb হবে  past tense এ।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক, Indirect speech টি হবে - She exclaimed that it was a very great achievement.

• Direct Speech: He said, "What a beautiful sunset!"
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed that it was a very beautiful sunset.
৩৮৮.
The indirect form of: Riya said, "I must leave for the country."
  1. Riya said that she had to leave for the country.
  2. Riya said that she must be leave for the country.
  3. Riya said that she has leave for the country.
  4. Riya told that she has been leaving for the country.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Riya said that she had to leave for the country.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Riya said that she had to leave for the country.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: Riya said, "I must leave for the country."
• Indirect: Riya said that she had to leave for the country.

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb হিসেবে say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech -এর first person 'I' - Reporting verb এর subject অনুযায়ী 'she' হবে।
- Direct speech এ must থাকলে Indirect speech এ 'had to' হয়।
- to এর পর verb এর base form বসে।
- বাকি অংশ বসে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৩৮৯.
The teacher said to the students, “Let us revise the lesson.” [indirect]
  1. The teacher suggested to the student that they should revise the lesson.
  2. The teacher suggested to the students that they should have revise the lesson.
  3. The teacher suggested to the students that they should revise the lesson.
  4. The teacher suggested to the students they should revise the lesson.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher suggested to the students that they should revise the lesson.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher suggested to the students that they should revise the lesson.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Let এর ব্যবহার:
- let যখন proposal কিংবা suggestion অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন reporting verb এ propose’ কিংবা ‘suggest’ বসে।
- বাক্যে finite verb এর আগে Modal auxiliary ‘should’ ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- দুইটি বাক্যকে যুক্ত করতে ‘that’ বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Example:
Direct: He said to me, “Let us go home.”
Indirect: He proposed to me that we should go home.

Direct: The teacher said to the students, “Let us revise the lesson.”
Indirect: The teacher suggested to the students that they should revise the lesson.

Other options,

ক) The teacher suggested to the student that they should revise the lesson.
- “student” singular, কিন্তু original ছিল students (plural).

খ) The teacher suggested to the students that they should have revise the lesson.
- “have revise” ভুল, সঠিক হবে “should revise”.

ঘ) The teacher suggested to the students they should revise the lesson.
- “that” বাদ দেওয়া হয়েছে, যা grammatically ভুল।

৩৯০.
He said to me, "may Allah bless you". Indirect narration is-
  1. He wished that Allah might bless him
  2. He wished to me that Allah might bless him
  3. He wished that Allah might bless me
  4. He prayed that Allah might bless him
সঠিক উত্তর:
He wished that Allah might bless me
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He wished that Allah might bless me
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী Optative sentence কে indirect speech এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে wish/pray বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject বসে।
- May/might বসে।

• Example: 
Direct: He said to me, 'May Allah bless you.'
Indirect: He wished that Allah might bless me.
৩৯১.
Akhi said to me, 'We are going to Rajshahi tomorrow.' ( Make it Indirect)
  1. Akhi told me that they will be going to Rajshahi the next day.
  2. Akhi told me that they would be going to Rajshahi the next day.
  3. Akhi told to me that they are going to Rajshahi the next day.
  4. Akhi told me that they were going to Rajshahi the next day.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Akhi told me that they were going to Rajshahi the next day.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Akhi told me that they were going to Rajshahi the next day.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Direct speech এ said to থাকলে indirect speech এ তা পরিবর্তিত হয়ে told হবে এবং reporting verb এর tense অনুযায়ী indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
- কমার বদলে that বসবে।
-  Direct speech এ reporting verb (said) past tense এ থাকায়, Indirect speech এ reported speech এর verb ও past tense এ থাকবে।
- reporting speech টি present continuous tense এ থাকলে indirect speech এ তা past continuous হবে।
- এবং tomorrow থাকলে the next day বসবে। 

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Akhi told me that they were going to Rajshahi the next day.
৩৯২.
My wife said to me, "May you get the job."
  1. My wife suggested that I might get the job.
  2. My wife wished that I might get the job.
  3. My wife told me that I might get the job.
  4. My wife wished me to get the job.
সঠিক উত্তর:
My wife wished that I might get the job.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
My wife wished that I might get the job.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is: খ) My wife wished that I might get the job.

Optative Sentence এ Narration পরিবর্তন এর নিয়ম :

(a) Reporting Verb-এর পরিবর্তে wish বা pray বসে +
(b) Inverted Comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে +
(c) Reported Speech-এর Subject বসে +
(d) may/might বসে +
(e) Reported Speech -এর মূল Verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ হয়।

Structure:
Subject + wish/pray + that + Reported speech- এর Subject + may/might + মূল Verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ।

Direct: Father said to me, "May you pass the examination."
Indirect: Father prayed that I might pass the examination.

Direct: The teacher said to the students, "May Allah bless you."
Indirect: The teacher wished that Allah might bless the student.

Source: Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৩৯৩.
She asked me, "Do you know the answer?" (Make it Indirect Speech)
  1. She asked me if I know the answer.
  2. She asked me if I knew the answer.
  3. She asked me if I had known the answer.
  4. She asked me whether I know the answer.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She asked me if I knew the answer.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She asked me if I knew the answer.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Answer:
B) She asked me if I knew the answer.

• Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম: 
- Subject + ask + object + if/whether + reported speech এর subject + Tense অনুসারে verb + extension.

•  উক্ত বাক্যে reported verb টি present indefinite tense এ রয়েছে।
- তাই, indirect speech এ reported verb টি past indefinite tense হবে।

• More Example: 
Direct: She asked me, ‘Are you happy in your new job?
Indirect: She asked me if I was happy in my new job.
৩৯৪.
Choose the correct indirect speech:
She says, “I like reading novels.”
  1. She said that she liked reading novels.
  2. She says that she liked reading novels.
  3. She says that she likes reading novels.
  4. She says that she is liking reading novels.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She says that she likes reading novels.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She says that she likes reading novels.
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তর: She says that she likes reading novels.

→ Direct speech এর reporting verb যদি present tense, present perfect tense, বা future tense থাকে, তবে reported speech এর verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
→ কেবল person পরিবর্তিত হয়।
→ মূল বাক্যটি Present Simple Tense-এ আছে ("I like reading novels.")
→ উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে  Reporting verb "says" present tense রয়েছে, তাই Reported Speech-এর tense পরিবর্তন হবে না।
→ অর্থাৎ, "like" একইভাবে "likes" থাকবে, কারণ subject She (3rd person singular number) এবং present indefinite tense-এ রয়েছে।
→ "that" যোগ করা হয় inverted comma (") বাদ দিয়ে।
→ তাই সঠিক Indirect Speech: "She says that she likes reading novels." 

Examples:
• Direct speech: "He says, "I am learning French."
• Indirect speech: He says that he is learning French.
• Direct speech: He says, "I am ill."
• Indirect speech: He says that he is ill.
৩৯৫.
"You all did a great job!" praised the coach. (Change the speech)
  1. The coach praised that they all done a great job.
  2. The coach said that they have all done a great job.
  3. The coach told that they all did a great job.
  4. The coach praised that they had all done a great job.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The coach praised that they had all done a great job.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The coach praised that they had all done a great job.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech: "You all did a great job!" praised the coach. 
• Indirect speech: The coach praised that they had all done a great job.

• Exclamatory sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, direct speech থেকে indirect speech করার নিয়ম:
- Direct speech দ্বারা আনন্দ বুঝালে Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "exclaimed/ exclaimed with joy" আর দুঃখ বুঝালে "exclaimed/exclaimed with sorrow/ grief" হয়।
- তবে কখনো কখনো অর্থ অনুযায়ী Direct speech -এর Reporting verb টিই বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে linker হিসেবে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech -এর Subject বসে।
- Direct narration -এর reported speech -এ যদি past indefinite tense থাকে, তাহলে Indirect narration -এ past perfect tense হবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে (যদি থাকে)।

• যেমন:
- Direct speech: "You have all done very badly!" remarked the teacher.
- Indirect speech: The teacher remarked that they had all done it very badly.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Indirect speech হলো - The coach praised that they had all done a great job.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৩৯৬.
The students said, "Hurrah! Our team has defeated the titleholders." (Make it indirect)
  1. The students exclaimed with joy that their team had defeated the titleholders.
  2. The students said that their team defeated the titleholders.
  3. The students bade that their team had defeated the titleholders.
  4. The students exclaimed with grief that their team had defeated the titleholders.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The students exclaimed with joy that their team had defeated the titleholders.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The students exclaimed with joy that their team had defeated the titleholders.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Speech এ আনন্দ বুঝালে:
- Subject + Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Exclaim/ Exclaimed with joy বসে। (দুঃখ বুঝালে Exclaim/ Exclaimed with sorrow or grief বসে।)
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb অনুযায়ী reported speech এর verb বসবে।
- very/ great 
- adjective বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ (যদি থাকে)।

Direct: The students said, "Hurrah! Our team has defeated the titleholders."
Indirect: The students exclaimed with joy that their team had defeated the titleholders.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৯৭.
Change into indirect speech:
She said, "Please sit down."
  1. She request to sit down.
  2. She requested me to sit down.
  3. She requested me sitting down.
  4. Her request was to sit down.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She requested me to sit down.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She requested me to sit down.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) She requested me to sit down.

- She said, "Please sit down."
- মূল বাক্য একটি imperative sentence.
- Reported speech এ “request + object + to + verb” ফর্ম ব্যবহার হয়।
- “Please” সরাসরি বাক্যে থাকে না।
- “Me” অর্থাৎ যাকে বলা হচ্ছে, সেটি উল্লেখ করা হয়।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো “She requested me to sit down.”

Other options:
ক) She requested to sit down.
- কিন্তু এখানে কার উদ্দেশ্যে অনুরোধ তা নেই - object (me) অনুপস্থিত।

গ) She requested me sitting down.
- Grammatically ভুল - “requested me sitting” সঠিক নয়।

ঘ) Her request was to sit down.
- এটি অর্থে সঠিক হলেও indirect speech নয়, বরং sentence structure পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৯৮.
The officer said to the soldiers, "Fire at the enemy."(change into indirect speech)
  1. The officer told the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
  2. The officer advised the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
  3. The officer ordered the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
  4. The officer forbid the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The officer ordered the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The officer ordered the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct: The officer said to the soldiers, "Fire at the enemy."
Indirect: The officer ordered the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
- এটি একটি Imperative sentence হওয়ায় এবং বাক্যটি আদেশ সূচক হওয়ার কারণে এখানে "said to" এর পরিবর্তে ordered বসিয়ে Indirect speech করা হয়েছে।

• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise বসে, অনুরোধ বোঝালে request বসে,
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে,
- তবে, Negative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে not to বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত পরবর্তী অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- Structure: Subject + request/order/ advise/ told/ instructed + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain

৩৯৯.
Choose the correct narration change:
The teacher said, "The Earth revolves around the Sun."
  1. The teacher said that the Earth revolved around the Sun.
  2. The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
  3. The teacher told that the Earth is revolving around the Sun.
  4. The teacher said the Earth had revolved around the Sun.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর: খ) The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.

- Reported Speech: "The Earth revolves around the Sun."
- এটি একটি universal truth / scientific fact.
- Reporting verb past tense (said) হলেও tense পরিবর্তন করা হয় না, যদি বাক্যটি সর্বজনবিদিত সত্য হয়।

- Universal truths/scientific facts : tense change করা হয় না
- যেমন: The teacher said, "The Earth revolves around the Sun."
- Indirect Narration: The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৪০০.
The indirect form of: Imran said, "Thank you, my friends."
  1. Imran told his friends thank you.
  2. Imran thanks all his friends.
  3. Imran thanked his friends.
  4. Imran said his friends thanks.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Imran thanked his friends.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Imran thanked his friends.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Narration: Imran said, "Thank you, my friends."
• Indirect Narration: Imran thanked his friends.

• Narration -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- প্রথমে Reporting verb -এর subject বসে
- Direct Narration -এ Thank you/Thanks কিংবা Congratulations!/Welcome থাকলে Indirect Narration -এ reporting verb 'said' -এর পরিবর্তে Thanked/Congratulated/Welcome বসে।
- তারপর, Reported speech -এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়, reported speech -এর 1st person (my), reporting verb -এর Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- এক্ষেত্রে, his হবে।
- তারপর object (বাকি অংশ) বসবে।

• Structure: Subject + reporting verb (thanked) + Ext.

• More examples:
• Direct Narration: He said to me, "Thank you."
• Indirect Narration: He thanked me.

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.