PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন
PrepBank · পাতা ২ / ৭ · ১০১–২০০ / ৬৭০
• Hyperplasia is defined as an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue in response to a stimulus.
• Hyperplasia is the result of growth factor-driven proliferation of mature cells and, in some cases, by increased output of new cells from tissue stem cells.
• Physiological hyperplasia occurs in – breast during puberty, liver after hepatectomy
• Pathological hyperplasia occurs in – BPH, wart & endometrial tumour
• Physiologic atrophy is common during normal development. Some embryonic structures, such as the notochord and thyroglossal duct, undergo atrophy during fetal development. The decrease in the size of the uterus that occurs shortly after parturition is another form of physiologic atrophy.
• Pathologic atrophy occurs due to – disuse atrophy, denervation atrophy, pressure atrophy, senile atrophy, nutritional deficiency atrophy
Gastric Metastases are often detected at time of diagnosis. Sites most commonly involved include
The supraclavicular sentinel lymph node(virchow node)
Periumbilical lymph nodes (sister mary joseph nodule)
The left axillary lymph node (irish node)
The ovary (krukenberg tumor)
The pouch of douglas (blumer shelf)
• Coagulative: ischemic necrosis of heart, kidney, liver, adrenal gland & other solid organs; gumma of tertiary syphilis
• Liquefactive: boil, abscess & ischemic necrosis of brain
• Caseous: Granuloma of TB
• Fat: Enzymatic-pancreas, Traumatic- breast
• Fibrinioid: in collagen disease
The distinctive morphologic changes in gout are
1. Acute arthritis
2. Chronic tophaceous arthritis
3. Tophi in various sites
4. Gouty nephropathy.
Tophi are the pathognomonic hallmark of gout