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Pathology

মোট প্রশ্ন৬৭০এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Pathology

PrepBank · পাতা ২ / ৭ · ১০১–২০০ / ৬৭০

১০১.
Barrett’s oesophagus is a pre-malignant condition of which of the following part of GIT?
  1. ক
    ক) Stomach
  2. খ
    খ) Oesophagus
  3. গ
    গ) Colon
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Dueodenum
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Barrett’s oesophagus is a pre-malignant condition, in which the normal squamous lining of the lower oesophagus is replaced by columnar mucosa
১০২.
Which one remains positive for life in syphilis?
  1. ক
    ক) VDRL
  2. খ
    খ) TPHA
  3. গ
    গ) RPR
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) FTA-ABS
১০৩.
Acute inflammatory exudates -
  1. ক
    Has protective function
  2. খ
    Contains many eosinophils
  3. গ
    Due to chemotaxis
  4. ঘ
    Eventually calcified
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Acute inflammatory exudates :
Contains neutrophil
Rich in Fibrinogen 
Have protective function
Due to change in blood vessels
১০৪.
Which disease mostly affect sacroiliac joint -
  1. ক
    Psoriatic arthritis
  2. খ
    Rheumatoid arthritis
  3. গ
    SLE
  4. ঘ
    Ankylosing spondylitis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Ankylosing spondylitis involve mostly sacroiliac joint and vertebra.
১০৫.
Kaposi’s sarcoma is recurrent infection of
  1. ক
    ক) HSV-1
  2. খ
    খ) HSV-2
  3. গ
    গ) CMV
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) HHV-8
১০৬.
Which public health measure should be taken to prevent hookworm infection?
  1. ক
    ক) Hand washing
  2. খ
    খ) wear shoes
  3. গ
    গ) Vaccination
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Community chemotherapy
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Walking barefooted on soil predisposes to infection. An important public health measure was requiring children to wear shoes to school.
১০৭.
Which of the following is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in young adult?
  1. ক
    ক) minimal change disease
  2. খ
    খ) Diabetic nephropathy
  3. গ
    গ) Primary Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Membranous nephropathy
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Membranous nephropathy-Middle-aged to older patient, minimal change disease- Children, Primary Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis -Young adults
১০৮.
Which of the following is the mechanism of developing nephritic syndrome?
  1. ক
    ক) Injury to podocytes
  2. খ
    খ) Inflammation
  3. গ
    গ) Scarring
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Deposition of matrix
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: mechanism of developing nephritic syndrome are: Inflammation, Reactive cell proliferation, Breaks in GBM, Crescent formation
১০৯.
Hypoxic cell injury leads to -
  1. ক
    Increased pH
  2. খ
    Reduced lactic acid
  3. গ
    Influx of potassium
  4. ঘ
    Chromatin clumping
১১০.
Indication of renal replacement therapy -
  1. ক
    K+ level <2.5 mmol/L
  2. খ
    S. creatinine - >1.5 mg/dl
  3. গ
    Metabolic alkalosis
  4. ঘ
    Pulmonary oedema
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Indications of renal replacement therapy -
K+ level >6 mmol/L
Fluid overload
Pulmonary oedema
S.creatinine >6.8 mg/dl
Plasma urea level >30 mmol/L
Metabolic acidosis
১১১.
Psoriatic arthopathy -
  1. ক
    Asymmetrical inflammatory oligoarthritis
  2. খ
    Ankle joint involved
  3. গ
    CRP normal
  4. ঘ
    Skip lesion
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis linked with psoriasis, a chronic skin and nail disease. Psoriasis causes red, scaly rashes and thick, pitted fingernails.
Mostly distal interphaleangeal joint involved
১১২.
Example of type IV hypersensitivity -
  1. ক
    Contact dermatitis
  2. খ
    Rheumatoid arthritis
  3. গ
    Thrombotic phenomenon
  4. ঘ
    Vasculitis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Examples of illnesses resulting from type IV hypersensitivity reactions include contact dermatitis
drug hypersensitivity
GVHD
Tuberculin test
Lepromin test
Tumor immunity
Type I DM
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Erythema multiforme
১১৩.
Most common site of carcinoid tumor-
  1. ক
    ক) The vermiform appendix
  2. খ
    খ) small intestine
  3. গ
    গ) rectum
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Stomach
ব্যাখ্যা
Vermiform appendix is most common site Carcinoid tumour
১১৪.
Suppurative inflammation -
  1. ক
    Is a consequences of infarction
  2. খ
    Contains polymorph
  3. গ
    Caused after Camphylobacter infection
  4. ঘ
    Is the early stage of gangrene
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Purulent inflammation is characterized by the production of pus, an exudate consisting of neutrophils, the liquefied debris of necrotic cells, and edema fluid. The most frequent cause of purulent (also called suppurative) inflammation is infection with bacteria that cause liquefactive tissue necrosis, such as staphylococci; these pathogens are referred to as pyogenic (pus-producing) bacteria.
A common example of an acute suppurative inflammation is acute appendicitis.
১১৫.
An increase in their number of cells
  1. ক
    ক) Hypertrophy
  2. খ
    খ) Hyperplasia
  3. গ
    গ) Atrophy
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Metaplasia
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 35]
১১৬.
Which of the following is the microscopic finding of gastric adenocarcinoma?
  1. ক
    ক) Columnar metaplasia
  2. খ
    খ) Histiocytic infiltration
  3. গ
    গ) Giant cell granulomas
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Signet ring cells
১১৭.
Antigenic shift & drift occurs in
  1. ক
    ক) Influenza virus
  2. খ
    খ) RSV
  3. গ
    গ) Measles
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Mumps
১১৮.
Cell number is increased in
  1. ক
    ক) Hypertrophy
  2. খ
    খ) Hyperplasia
  3. গ
    গ) Atrophy
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Metaplasia
ব্যাখ্যা

• Hyperplasia is defined as an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue in response to a stimulus.
• Hyperplasia is the result of growth factor-driven proliferation of mature cells and, in some cases, by increased output of new cells from tissue stem cells.
• Physiological hyperplasia occurs in – breast during puberty, liver after hepatectomy
• Pathological hyperplasia occurs in – BPH, wart & endometrial tumour

১১৯.
Most common form of graft rejection
  1. ক
    ক) Acute humoral rejection
  2. খ
    খ) Hyperacute rejection
  3. গ
    গ) Acute cellular rejection
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Chronic allograft failure
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd, Page:- 89
১২০.
Which organisms contain ribosomes, do not have a rigid cell wall but cannot be grown on inanimate culture?
  1. ক
    ক) Viruses
  2. খ
    খ) Rickettsia
  3. গ
    গ) Mycoplasma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Chlamydia
ব্যাখ্যা
Chlamydia is intracellular so can't be seen under microscope. & has flexible thin wall.
১২১.
Source of histamine is all of the following except
  1. ক
    ক) Mast cell
  2. খ
    খ) Basophils
  3. গ
    গ) Platelets
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Plasma
১২২.
Fungi -
  1. ক
    Prokaryotic
  2. খ
    Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum absent
  3. গ
    Cell wall contain chitin
  4. ঘ
    Only have endospore
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Fungi -
Eukaryotes 
Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum present
Sterol present in cell membrane 
Chitin present in cell wall
Sexual and asexual spores are present
১২৩.
Cause of metastatic calcification?
  1. ক
    ক) Necrosis
  2. খ
    খ) Infarcts
  3. গ
    গ) Thrombi
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Milk alkali syndrome
১২৪.
Function of leukotriene C4,D4,E4-
  1. ক
    Vasodilation
  2. খ
    Bronchospasm
  3. গ
    Chemotaxis
  4. ঘ
    Inhibition of inflammation
১২৫.
Most common neoplasm associated with HIV-
  1. ক
    ক) Barkits lymphoma
  2. খ
    খ) Hodgkin's lymphoma
  3. গ
    গ) Kaposi sarcoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Non-Hodgkins lymphoma
ব্যাখ্যা
All occurs in HIV patient. But kaposi sarcoma is most common.
১২৬.
RNA nucleocapsid virus
  1. ক
    ক) Hepatitis A
  2. খ
    খ) Hepatitis B
  3. গ
    গ) Hepatitis C
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) HIV
১২৭.
Atrophy occurs when-
  1. ক
    ক) Altered physiologic stimuli
  2. খ
    খ) Increased demand, increased stimulation
  3. গ
    গ) Decreased nutrients, Decreased stimulation
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Chronic irritation (physical or chemical)
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 33]
১২৮.
Cells not involved in innate immunity
  1. ক
    ক) T lymphocyte
  2. খ
    খ) Neutrophil
  3. গ
    গ) NK cell
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Macrophage
ব্যাখ্যা
T lymphocyte is involved in cell mediated immunity
১২৯.
Site of damage in blackwater fever
  1. ক
    ক) Brain
  2. খ
    খ) Liver
  3. গ
    গ) Kidney
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Spleen
ব্যাখ্যা
Untreated malaria caused by P. falciparum is potentially life-threatening as a result of extensive brain (cerebral malaria) and kidney (blackwater fever) damage.
১৩০.
Which one is age related atrophy?
  1. ক
    ক) Pressure
  2. খ
    খ) Denervation
  3. গ
    গ) Senile
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Disuse
ব্যাখ্যা

• Physiologic atrophy is common during normal development. Some embryonic structures, such as the notochord and thyroglossal duct, undergo atrophy during fetal development. The decrease in the size of the uterus that occurs shortly after parturition is another form of physiologic atrophy.
• Pathologic atrophy occurs due to – disuse atrophy, denervation atrophy, pressure atrophy, senile atrophy, nutritional deficiency atrophy

১৩১.
GIT secretions contain which of the following immunoglobulin?
  1. ক
    ক) IgA
  2. খ
    খ) IgG
  3. গ
    গ) IgM
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) IgE
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: GIT secretions contain seceretory immunoglobulin A
১৩২.
Line of zahn are marked in thrombi formed within
  1. ক
    ক) Veins
  2. খ
    খ) Arterioles
  3. গ
    গ) Aorta
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Capillaries
ব্যাখ্যা
Line of zahn are marked in thrombi formed within aorta
১৩৩.
Common site of local invasion of gastric carcinoma excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Duodenum
  2. খ
    খ) Jejunum
  3. গ
    গ) Pancreas
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Retroperitonium
ব্যাখ্যা
• The depth of invasion and the extent of nodal and distant metastases at the time of diagnosis remain the most powerful prognostic indicators in gastric cancer.
• Local invasion into the duodenum, pancreas, and retroperitoneum is common.
১৩৪.
Which of the following is pathognomonic for acute rheumatic fever?
  1. ক
    ক) Carditis
  2. খ
    খ) Erythema
  3. গ
    গ) Aschoff nodules
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Polyarthritis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Aschoff nodule is Pathognomonic for acute rheumatic fever
১৩৫.
Heat sensitive surgical instruments are sterilized by
  1. ক
    ক) Hot air oven
  2. খ
    খ) Ethylene oxide gas, Glutaraldehyde solution
  3. গ
    গ) Ionizing radiation
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Absolute alcohol
ব্যাখ্যা
Heat sensitive surgical instruments are sterilized by Ethylene oxide gas, Glutaraldehyde solution
১৩৬.
Interstitial disease of kidney -
  1. ক
    ক) Pyelonephritis
  2. খ
    খ) Glomerulonephritis
  3. গ
    গ) Nephrotic syndrome
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Polycystic kidney disease
ব্যাখ্যা
Pyelonephritis is interstitial disease of kidney
১৩৭.
Immediately after a injury which cell predominates -
  1. ক
    Plasma cell
  2. খ
    Neutrophil
  3. গ
    Platelet
  4. ঘ
    Fibrin and blood clot
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Immediately after an injury the narrow incisional space is filled with clotted blood containing fibrin and blood cells. 

Within 24 hours, Neutrophil appear at the margin of the incision moving towards the fibrin clot.
১৩৮.
Abundant tissue stem cells are required in
  1. ক
    ক) Atrophy
  2. খ
    খ) Hypertrophy
  3. গ
    গ) Hyperplasia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Metaplasia
১৩৯.
Myobacteria spreads through
  1. ক
    ক) Skin
  2. খ
    খ) Lung
  3. গ
    গ) Blood
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Urine
ব্যাখ্যা
The source of transmission is humans with active tuberculosis who release mycobacteria present in sputum.
১৪০.
Malignant tumor of skeletal muscle-
  1. ক
    ক) Chondrosarcoma
  2. খ
    খ) Osteogenic sarcoma
  3. গ
    গ) Angiosarcoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Rhabdomyosarcoma
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 268]
১৪১.
Cause of distributive shock -
  1. ক
    Cardiac temponade
  2. খ
    Anaphylaxis
  3. গ
    Adrenal crisis
  4. ঘ
    Tension pneumothorax
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Causes of distributive shock -
Septic shock
Anaphylaxis 
Spinal cord injury
১৪২.
Most common location of secondary tuberculosis of lung is-
  1. ক
    ক) Apex
  2. খ
    খ) Base
  3. গ
    গ) Hilar area
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Peripheral
ব্যাখ্যা
Most common location of secondary tuberculosis of lung is Apex
১৪৩.
Criteria of non cardiac chest pain -
  1. ক
    Central diffuse pain
  2. খ
    Radiation to jaw,neck
  3. গ
    Tight, squeezing
  4. ঘ
    Not relived by rest
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Criteria of non cardiac chest pain :
Peripheral localized
No radiation
Sharp, stabbing,catching
Spontaneous 
Not relieved by rest
১৪৪.
Skin can be penetrated by
  1. ক
    ক) Strongyloides
  2. খ
    খ) Trichuris
  3. গ
    গ) Ecchinococcus
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Ascaris
ব্যাখ্যা
Skin can be penetrated by Strongyloides
১৪৫.
Common causes of atrial fibrillation except -
  1. ক
    Mitral stenosis
  2. খ
    Hypertension
  3. গ
    IHD
  4. ঘ
    Cardiomyopathy
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Common causes of AF -
Mitral stenosis 
Hypertension 
Thyrotoxicosis
IHD
Idiopathic / lone AF
১৪৬.
Neoplastic polyp of gastrointestinal tract-
  1. ক
    ক) Hyperplastic polyp
  2. খ
    খ) hematomas polyp
  3. গ
    গ) tubular adenomas
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) inflammatory polyp
ব্যাখ্যা
Others are not Neoplastic
১৪৭.
Endocarditis on prosthetic heart valve is caused by
  1. ক
    ক) S. aureus
  2. খ
    খ) S. epidermidis
  3. গ
    গ) S. saprophyticus
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) S. pyogens
১৪৮.
Pathway of cell death that is induced by a tightly regulated suicide program -
  1. ক
    ক) Necrosis
  2. খ
    খ) Apoptosis
  3. গ
    গ) Necroptosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pyroptosis
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 52]
১৪৯.
Non-Specific antibody tests for syphilis are
  1. ক
    ক) TPHA
  2. খ
    খ) TPPA
  3. গ
    গ) FTA-ABS
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) VDRL
ব্যাখ্যা
VDRL is Non-Specific antibody tests for syphilis
১৫০.
Parasitic eggs that are found in urine are as follows:
  1. ক
    ক) T. solium
  2. খ
    খ) Schistosoma haematobium
  3. গ
    গ) Trypanosoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) D. Latum
ব্যাখ্যা
S. hematobium is found in urinary tract
১৫১.
Which one is most commonly related to hospital acquired pneumonia
  1. ক
    ক) Klebsiella
  2. খ
    খ) Neisseria
  3. গ
    গ) Legionella
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pseudomonas
ব্যাখ্যা
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa most commonly causes hospital-acquired infections
১৫২.
TNM staging of a malignant tumour -
  1. ক
    ক) Is only a clinical assessment
  2. খ
    খ) Cannot be done after surgery
  3. গ
    গ) Takes account of the secondary tumour size
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Is not important for treatment planning
ব্যাখ্যা
Ref: Robbins 9th p 332
১৫৩.
Characteristics of apoptosis excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Initiated by caspases
  2. খ
    খ) Enzymatic degradation of proteins
  3. গ
    গ) Enzymatic degradation of RNA
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Removal of dead cells by Phagocytosis
১৫৪.
Which of the following is not a presentation of tertiary syphilis ?
  1. ক
    ক) Condylomata lata
  2. খ
    খ) Gumma
  3. গ
    গ) Cardiovascular syphilis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Symptomatic neurosyphilis
ব্যাখ্যা
Most common types of tertiary disease are gumma (benign granulomatous lesion), cardiovascular syphilis (ascending aorta aneurysm) & symptomatic neurosyphilis (tabes dorsalis and paresis).
১৫৫.
Common genetic disorders associated with enzymes defect except -
  1. ক
    Galactosemia
  2. খ
    Lysosomal storage disese
  3. গ
    Acute intermittent purpura
  4. ঘ
    Niemann pick disease
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Mostly all autosomal recessive disorders are related to enzyme.
১৫৬.
Enzymatic fat necrosis occurs in
  1. ক
    ক) Heart
  2. খ
    খ) Adrenal gland
  3. গ
    গ) Pancreas
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Brain
ব্যাখ্যা
Enzymatic fat necrosis occurs in pancreas
১৫৭.
Which of the following is the most common type of gastric malignancy?
  1. ক
    ক) Adenocarcinoma
  2. খ
    খ) Squamous
  3. গ
    গ) Transitional
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Anaplastic
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the stomach, comprising more than 90% of all gastric cancers
১৫৮.
Which of the following is the most common inflammatory arthritis in men?
  1. ক
    ক) Osteoarthritis
  2. খ
    খ) Gout
  3. গ
    গ) RA
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) ankylosing spondylitis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis in men and in older women. It is caused by deposition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals in and around synovial joints.
১৫৯.
Which is the most common form of graft rejection?
  1. ক
    ক) Hyperacute rejection
  2. খ
    খ) Acute cellular rejection
  3. গ
    গ) Acute vascular rejection
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Chronic allograft rejection
ব্যাখ্যা
Acute cellular rejection is the most common form of graft rejection
১৬০.
Most common cause of cirrhosis of liver -
  1. ক
    ক) Postnecrotic
  2. খ
    খ) Biliary
  3. গ
    গ) Alcoholic
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cryptogenic
ব্যাখ্যা
Post necrotic following hepatitis is most common cause of cirrhosis of liver
১৬১.
Mediators of fever excludes
  1. ক
    ক) IL-1
  2. খ
    খ) IL-7
  3. গ
    গ) TNF
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Prostaglandins
১৬২.
Gastric metastasis to pouch of Doglas is known as
  1. ক
    ক) Irish node
  2. খ
    খ) Virchow gland
  3. গ
    গ) Blumer shelf
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Sister mary joseph nodule
ব্যাখ্যা

Gastric Metastases are often detected at time of diagnosis. Sites most commonly involved include
 The supraclavicular sentinel lymph node(virchow node)
 Periumbilical lymph nodes (sister mary joseph nodule)
 The left axillary lymph node (irish node)
 The ovary (krukenberg tumor)
 The pouch of douglas (blumer shelf)

১৬৩.
Transplacental transmission does not occurs in -
  1. ক
    Treponema pallidum
  2. খ
    Listeria monocytogens
  3. গ
    Streptococcus agalactiae
  4. ঘ
    Cytomegalovirus
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Transplacental transmission  :
Treponema pallidum
Listeria monocytogens
Cytomegalovirus 
Parbovirus B19
Rubella virus
Measles virus
HIV
Toxoplasma gondii 

Through birth canal :
Streptococcus agalactiae
১৬৪.
The gametocytes of P. falciparum are…shaped
  1. ক
    ক) Spherical
  2. খ
    খ) Mango
  3. গ
    গ) Banana
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Comma
ব্যাখ্যা
The gametocytes of P. falciparum are crescent-shaped (“banana-shaped”), whereas those of the other plasmodia are spherical.
১৬৫.
Which lung cancer is common in women?
  1. ক
    ক) Adenocarcinoma
  2. খ
    খ) Squamous cell carcinoma
  3. গ
    গ) Small cell carcinoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Large cell carcinoma
ব্যাখ্যা
Smoking is the most important risk factor for lung cancer; in women and nonsmokers, adenocarcinomas are the most common cancers.
১৬৬.
Generalized atrophy occurs in
  1. ক
    ক) Senile atrophy
  2. খ
    খ) Hormonal atrophy
  3. গ
    গ) Disuse atrophy
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pressure atrophy
ব্যাখ্যা
Generalized atrophy occurs in senile atrophy
১৬৭.
Prerenal cause of of acute renal failure-
  1. ক
    ক) renal artery stenosis
  2. খ
    খ) primary glomerular disease
  3. গ
    গ) acute tubular necrosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) interstitial disease
ব্যাখ্যা
RAS is a pre renal cause of acute renal failure
১৬৮.
Live bacterial vaccine -
  1. ক
    Varicella
  2. খ
    Plague
  3. গ
    Mumps
  4. ঘ
    Typhoid
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Live bacterial vaccine -
BCG,Live cholera vaccine,Typhoid vaccine
Live viral vaccine -
MMR,Varicella,Influenza,Rota virus,OPV,Small pox, Adeno virus,Yellow fever vaccine.
১৬৯.
UTI in young women is mostly caused by
  1. ক
    ক) S. aureus
  2. খ
    খ) S. epidermidis
  3. গ
    গ) S. saprophyticus
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) S. pyogens
১৭০.
Common clinical features of syphilitic chancre
  1. ক
    ক) Bleeding on touch
  2. খ
    খ) Multiple ulcer
  3. গ
    গ) Painful ulcer
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Shallow and punched out ulcer
ব্যাখ্যা
Shallow and punched out ulcer is found in chancre
১৭১.
Preformed chemical mediator -
  1. ক
    Prostaglandin
  2. খ
    Histamin
  3. গ
    Bradykinin
  4. ঘ
    Cytokine
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Preformed chemical mediators :
Histamine 
Serotonin
Lysosomal enzyme 
১৭২.
Right-to-left shunts occur in which of the following?
  1. ক
    ক) ASD
  2. খ
    খ) VSD
  3. গ
    গ) PDA.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Eisenmenger syndrome
ব্যাখ্যা
No explanation added.
১৭৩.
The most common cause of “traveler’s diarrhea” is
  1. ক
    ক) Staphylococcus aureus
  2. খ
    খ) Clostridium perfringens
  3. গ
    গ) Escherichia coli
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Rotavirus
ব্যাখ্যা
The most common cause of “traveler’s diarrhea” is Escherichia coli
১৭৪.
A patient came to you with H/O. a firm 12mm ulcerated lesion with smooth edges to the penis. The patient denies any pain. what will be the cause?
  1. ক
    ক) Herpes Simplex Type 1
  2. খ
    খ) Herpes Simplex Type 2
  3. গ
    গ) Neisseria gonorrhoeae
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Treponema pallidum
ব্যাখ্যা
Scenario reveals primary syphilis chancre which is painless.
১৭৫.
Antigenic shift & drift occurs in
  1. ক
    ক) Influenza virus
  2. খ
    খ) RSV
  3. গ
    গ) Measles
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Mumps
১৭৬.
Haemolytic jaundice is characterized by -
  1. ক
    Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
  2. খ
    Raised ALP
  3. গ
    High rise of ALT
  4. ঘ
    Increased urobilinogen
১৭৭.
Transudative pleural effusion occurs in which of the following condition?
  1. ক
    ক) Malignancy
  2. খ
    খ) Cardiac failure
  3. গ
    গ) Tuberculosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pneumonia
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: pleural fluid accumulates as a result of either increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased osmotic pressure (‘transudative’ effusion, as seen in cardiac, liver or renal failure), or from increased microvascular pressure due to disease of the pleura or injury in the adjacent lung(exudative)
১৭৮.
Ischemic necrosis of brain indicates which type of necrosis?
  1. ক
    ক) Coagulative
  2. খ
    খ) Liquefactive
  3. গ
    গ) Caseous
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Fibrinoid
ব্যাখ্যা

• Coagulative: ischemic necrosis of heart, kidney, liver, adrenal gland & other solid organs; gumma of tertiary syphilis
• Liquefactive: boil, abscess & ischemic necrosis of brain
• Caseous: Granuloma of TB
• Fat: Enzymatic-pancreas, Traumatic- breast
• Fibrinioid: in collagen disease

১৭৯.
Not the feature of SLE -
  1. ক
    Discoid rash
  2. খ
    Tenosynuvitis
  3. গ
    Serositis
  4. ঘ
    Oral ulcer
১৮০.
Bacterial cause of meningitis in neonate
  1. ক
    ক) E coli
  2. খ
    খ) haemophilus influenzae
  3. গ
    গ) neisseria meningitidis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Streptococcus pneumoniae
ব্যাখ্যা
E coli causes meningitis in neonate
১৮১.
Mechanism of heart failure following MI
  1. ক
    ক) Reduced ventricular contractility
  2. খ
    খ) Ventricular outflow obstruction
  3. গ
    গ) Ventricular inflow obstruction
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Ventricular volume overload
ব্যাখ্যা
Heart failure occurs following MI due to reduced ventricular contractility
১৮২.
Liquefactive necrosis is seen in -
  1. ক
    ক) Myocardial infarction
  2. খ
    খ) Abscess
  3. গ
    গ) Acute pancreatitis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Centre of granuloma
ব্যাখ্যা
Liquefactive necrosis is seen in abscess
১৮৩.
Which of the following causes neonatal meningitis?
  1. ক
    ক) Proteus
  2. খ
    খ) haemophilus influenzae
  3. গ
    গ) neisseria meningitidis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Streptococcus pneumoniae
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Gram-negative bacilli (Escherichia coli, Proteus) and Group B streptococci causes meningitis in neonate
১৮৪.
Non enveloped DNA virus -
  1. ক
    Picorna virus
  2. খ
    Hepadna virus
  3. গ
    Orthomyxovirus
  4. ঘ
    Retrovirus
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Non enveloped DNA virus :

Parbo virus B19
Papilloma virus
Adeno virus

Enveloped DNA virus :
Herpes virus family
Pox virus family
Hepadna virus.
১৮৫.
Which type of cell is responsible for bone formation?
  1. ক
    ক) Osteoclasts
  2. খ
    খ) Osteoblasts
  3. গ
    গ) WBC
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) RBC
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation
১৮৬.
ANA is 100% sensitive for which of the following disease?
  1. ক
    ক) Systemic sclerosis
  2. খ
    খ) Dermatomyositis
  3. গ
    গ) Rheumatoid arthritis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) SLE
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: ANA is 100% sensitive for Systemic lupus erythematosus, Autoimmune hepatitis and Mixed connective tissue disease
১৮৭.
Caseating granuloma produce in-
  1. ক
    ক) Tuberculosis
  2. খ
    খ) Leprosy
  3. গ
    গ) Syphilis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cat-scratch disease
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 98]
১৮৮.
Pathognomonic hallmark of gout
  1. ক
    ক) Acute arthritis
  2. খ
    খ) Chronic tophaceous arthritis
  3. গ
    গ) Tophi
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Gouty nephropathy
ব্যাখ্যা

The distinctive morphologic changes in gout are
1. Acute arthritis
2. Chronic tophaceous arthritis
3. Tophi in various sites
4. Gouty nephropathy.
Tophi are the pathognomonic hallmark of gout

১৮৯.
Drug induced hepatitis is caused by except -
  1. ক
    INH
  2. খ
    Ethambutol
  3. গ
    Rifampicin
  4. ঘ
    Pyrazinamide
ব্যাখ্যা
Drug causing hepatitis -
Isoniazide
Rifampicin
NSAID
Co-amoxiclav
Chrorpromazine
Statins
১৯০.
Which is not the extrarticular features of rheuratoid arthritis -
  1. ক
    Fever
  2. খ
    Felty syndrome
  3. গ
    Episcleritis
  4. ঘ
    Urethritis
১৯১.
Why anaemia occurs in kala azar?
  1. ক
    ক) Negative coombs test
  2. খ
    খ) Marrow hyperplasia
  3. গ
    গ) Hypersplenism
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) increased RBC destruction in liver
ব্যাখ্যা
Anaemia occurs in kala-azar due to hypersplenism
১৯২.
False statement about normal value of laboratory test -
  1. ক
    Male haemoglobin : 13 -18 gm/dl
  2. খ
    MCH : 27 -32 pg
  3. গ
    MCV : 37 -47 mg/dl
  4. ঘ
    Albumin : 35-50 gl/l
১৯৩.
Localized oedema cause -
  1. ক
    Cirrhosis of liver
  2. খ
    Filariasis
  3. গ
    Congestive heart failure
  4. ঘ
    Systemic hypertension
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Localized edema is generally due to cellulitis, chronic venous insufficiency, deep vein thrombosis, lymphedema, or May-Thurner syndrome. 
১৯৪.
Intranasal cocaine users are at risk of which hepatitis virus
  1. ক
    ক) A
  2. খ
    খ) B
  3. গ
    গ) C
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) D
১৯৫.
Activation of complement in any pathways results in activation of
  1. ক
    ক) C3
  2. খ
    খ) C4
  3. গ
    গ) C5
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) C7
ব্যাখ্যা
Activation of complement in any pathways results in activation of C3.
১৯৬.
What is the first line treatment of Ancylostomiasis?
  1. ক
    ক) Ivermectin
  2. খ
    খ) Mebendazole
  3. গ
    গ) Albendazole
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) pyrantel pamoate
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: A single dose of albendazole (400 mg) is the treatment of choice. Alternatively, mebendazole 100 mg twice daily for 3 days may be used.
১৯৭.
Which is not the extra articular feature of reactive arthritis -
  1. ক
    Circinate balanitis
  2. খ
    Ketatoderma blennorrhagica
  3. গ
    Buccal erosions
  4. ঘ
    Haematuria
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Extraarticular features of reactive arthritis -
Circinate balanitis
Keratoderma blennorrhagica
Nail dystrophy
Buccal erosions
১৯৮.
Pathological cause of palpitation -
  1. ক
    Anxiety
  2. খ
    Emotion
  3. গ
    Atrial fibrillation
  4. ঘ
    Excitement
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Payhological cause of palpitation :
Atrial fibrillation
SVT
Ventricular extrasystole
Atrial extrasyatole
Dropped beats
Thyrotoxicosis
১৯৯.
Which marker is positive in immunized people without infection?
  1. ক
    ক) Anti HBs
  2. খ
    খ) Anti HBC IgG
  3. গ
    গ) HBsAg
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Anti Hbc IgM
ব্যাখ্যা
Anti HBs is positive in immunized people without infection?
২০০.
Bell's palsy associated with -
  1. ক
    Neurodegenerative disorder
  2. খ
    Herpes infection
  3. গ
    Frontal lobe infraction
  4. ঘ
    Thyroid tumor
ব্যাখ্যা
Causes of Bell's palsy :
Idiopathic
Herpes zoster infection
Brainstem infraction
Tumor in the cerebello pontine angle
Acoustic neuroma
Parotid tumor
Fracture of petrous part of temporal bone