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PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন

Miscellaneous Pathology

মোট প্রশ্ন৩৮এই পাতা৩৮প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Miscellaneous Pathology

PrepBank · পাতা ১ / ১ · ১–৩৮ / ৩৮

১.
Exfoliative cytology is useful in diagnosis of -
  1. ক
    Bladder carcinoma
  2. খ
    Breast carcinoma
  3. গ
    Thyroid carcinoma
  4. ঘ
    Subcutaneous nodule
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Exfoliative cytology have diagnostic role in -
Lung carcinoma
Bladder carcinoma
Prostate carcinoma
Gastric carcinoma
Cervical carcinoma
Bronchial carcinoma
Endometrial carcinoma
২.
Orthotolidine test is used to detect which of the following constituents in urine?
  1. ক
    ক) Sugar
  2. খ
    খ) Ketone body
  3. গ
    গ) RBC
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) pH
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Orthotolidine test is used to detect blood in urine
৩.
Metabolic syndrome excludes -
  1. ক
    Diabetes malitus
  2. খ
    High blood pressure
  3. গ
    Dyslipidemia
  4. ঘ
    Chronic pancreatitis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
WHO criteria for metabolic syndrome -
Diabetes malitus
Blood pressure >140 /90
Dyslipidemia
Central obesity
Microalbuminuria
৪.
False statement regurding joint pain -
  1. ক
    Long history - Rheumatoid arthritis
  2. খ
    Diatary history - Gout
  3. গ
    Sore throat - Rheumatic fever
  4. ঘ
    Acute onset - Osteoarthritis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Osteoarthritis is a most common chronic joint condition.
৫.
Hepatic angiosarcoma associated with-
  1. ক
    ক) Arsenic
  2. খ
    খ) Beryllium
  3. গ
    গ) Radon and
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Vinyl chloride
ব্যাখ্যা
[Robbins 9th 278]
৬.
Demyelinating disease-
  1. ক
    ক) multiple sclerosis
  2. খ
    খ) Peripheral neuropathy
  3. গ
    গ) Huntington disease
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Encephalopathy
ব্যাখ্যা
MS is a demyelinating disease
৭.
Indication of lumber puncture except-
  1. ক
    Encephalitis
  2. খ
    PLID
  3. গ
    Cerebral abscess
  4. ঘ
    Pyogenic meningitis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
LP is essential or extremely useful in the diagnosis of bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial, and viral central nervous system (CNS) infections and, in certain settings, to aid in the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), demyelinating diseases, Guillain-Barré syndrome and other inflammatory disorders,cerebral abscess,Neurosyphilis, Brain tumor,Acute poliomyelitis. 
৮.
‘Oligoclonal Band’ in CSF is a typical feature of which of the following?
  1. ক
    ক) Bacterial meningitis
  2. খ
    খ) Viral meningitis
  3. গ
    গ) Tubercular meningitis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Multiple sclerosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: ‘Oligoclonal Band’ in CSF is a typical feature of Multiple sclerosis
৯.
Which level of cord injury causes spastic paraplegia -
  1. ক
    C5
  2. খ
    C5-T1
  3. গ
    Thoracic cord
  4. ঘ
    Conus medullaries
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Signs of cord compression -
Above C5 : Spastic quadriplagia
C5-T1 : LMN signs in in upper arm,UMN sign in lower leg
Thoracic cord : Spastic paraplegia 
Cauda equina : Flaccid paraplegia. 
১০.
Which of the following is the most important modifiable risk factor of coronary artery disease?
  1. ক
    ক) Obesity
  2. খ
    খ) Smoking
  3. গ
    গ) HTN
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) DM
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor in coronary artery disease
১১.
Which is not the cause of hyperurecemia -
  1. ক
    Genetic predisposition
  2. খ
    Heavy alcohol consumption
  3. গ
    Infection of genital tract
  4. ঘ
    Thiazide diuretics
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Causes of hyperurecemia :
Age : 20-30 years
Genetic predisposition  
Heavy alcohol consumption 
Obesity
Thiazide diuretics
Lead toxicity
১২.
Cause of flaccid paraplegia -
  1. ক
    Fracture of vertebra
  2. খ
    Cauda equina syndrome
  3. গ
    Epidural abscess
  4. ঘ
    Multiple sclerosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Causes of flaccid paraplegia :
Guillain Barre Syndrome ( GBS) 
Peripheral neuropathy 
Hypokalemic or hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
Myopathy
Poliomyelitis 
Rediculopathy
Tabes dorsalis
Cauda equina syndrome 
Myesthenia gravis & Lambert -eaton syndrome 
১৩.
"The state of not being active and having no energy or enthusiasm" refers to-
  1. ক
    Tacit
  2. খ
    Torpor
  3. গ
    Tortuous
  4. ঘ
    Toady (Noun)
ব্যাখ্যা
• Torpor (noun) [uncountable noun, countable noun]
English Meaning: The state of not being active and having no energy or enthusiasm.
Bangla Meaning: অসাড় অবস্থা।
   
Synonyms: Apathy (উদাসীনতা; অনীহা), Idleness (আলস্য; আলসেমি), Lethargy (আলস্য; তন্দ্রা), Numbness (অসাড়তা), Spiritlessness (নির্জীবতা)।
Antonyms: Vigour (তেজ; বলবত্তা), Energy (কর্মশক্তি), Animation (সজীবতা; প্রাণচঞ্চলতা), Live (প্রাণবন্ত), Heartiness (আন্তরিকতা)।

• অন্য অপশনগুলোর মধ্যে - 
• Tacit (adjective)
English Meaning: Understood without being expressed directly.
Bangla Meaning: অনুক্ত; নীরব; মৌন; মানস: tacit consent, মানসানুজ্ঞা: tacit agreement, নীরব/মৌনসম্মতি।

• Tortuous (adjective)
English Meaning: Full of twists and turns; not straight or direct.
Bangla Meaning: আঁকাবাঁকা: a tortuous path; (লাক্ষণিক) জটিল, প্যাঁচানো: a tortuous man.

• Toady (Noun)
English Meaning: A person who is too kind or shows too much respect towards somebody more important in order to gain their favour or help.
Bangla Meaning: হীন মোসাহেব; চাটুকার।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.
১৪.
Which type of cell is responsible for bone formation?
  1. ক
    ক) Osteoclasts
  2. খ
    খ) Osteoblasts
  3. গ
    গ) WBC
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) RBC
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Osteoblasts are responsible for bone formation
১৫.
Pathognomonic hallmark of gout
  1. ক
    ক) Acute arthritis
  2. খ
    খ) Chronic tophaceous arthritis
  3. গ
    গ) Tophi
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Gouty nephropathy
ব্যাখ্যা

The distinctive morphologic changes in gout are
1. Acute arthritis
2. Chronic tophaceous arthritis
3. Tophi in various sites
4. Gouty nephropathy.
Tophi are the pathognomonic hallmark of gout

১৬.
'A person who pretends to be ill in order to avoid having to work' is called -
  1. ক
    Zealot
  2. খ
    Malingerer
  3. গ
    Guileless
  4. ঘ
    Gullible
ব্যাখ্যা
• Malingerer (Noun)
English Meaning: A person who pretends to be ill in order to avoid having to work.
Bangla Meaning: যে ব্যক্তি কর্তব্য এড়াতে অসুস্থতার ভান করে।

• অন্য অপশনগুলোর মধ্যে - 
• Zealot (Noun)
English Meaning: A person who has very strong opinions about something, and tries to make other people have them too.
Bangla Meaning: কোনো বিশেষ আদর্শ দল, গোষ্ঠী বা ধর্মমত বিষয়ে প্রবল ও আপসহীন আগ্রহ-উদ্দীপনা প্রকাশ করে এমন ব্যক্তি; অন্ধ সমর্থক; গোঁড়া মৌলবাদী।

• Guileless (adjective)
English Meaning: Honest and direct.
Bangla Meaning: প্রতারণাহীন।

• Gullible (adjective)
English Meaning: Easily deceived or tricked, and too willing to believe everything that other people say.
Bangla Meaning: সহজে প্রতারণাযোগ্য।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.
১৭.
Glucose level decrease in CSF in case of which meningitis
  1. ক
    ক) Acute pyogenic meningitis
  2. খ
    খ) viral meningitis
  3. গ
    গ) tubercular meningitis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Parasitic meningitis
ব্যাখ্যা
Glucose level is decreased in acute Pyogenic meningitis
১৮.
Causes of fine tremor except -
  1. ক
    Parkinson's disease
  2. খ
    Hyperthyroidism
  3. গ
    Beta agonist
  4. ঘ
    Sodium valproate
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Causes of fine tremor :
Hyperthyroidism
Heavy metal poisoning
Drugs ( Beta agonist,Theophylline,Caffine,Sodium valproate,TCA,Amphetamine) 

Resting tremor :
Parkinson's syndrome
১৯.
Red cell increase in CSF in case of-
  1. ক
    ক) multiple sclerosis
  2. খ
    খ) subarachnoid hemorrhage
  3. গ
    গ) pyogenic meningitis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) tuberculous meningitis
ব্যাখ্যা
RBC increases in CSF in SAH
২০.
Lower motor neuron lesion signs -
  1. ক
    Clonus
  2. খ
    Fasciculation
  3. গ
    Resting tremor
  4. ঘ
    Hypertonia of muscle
২১.
Metabolic cause of coma/ unconsciousness -
  1. ক
    Subarachnoid haemorrhage
  2. খ
    Cerebral contusion
  3. গ
    Hypoglycemia
  4. ঘ
    Hypernatremia
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Common metabolic causes of coma :
Hypoglycemia 
Hyperosmolar nonketotic coma
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyponatremia
Uremic coma
Hepatic encephalopathy 
২২.
Which of the following is pathognomonic hallmark of gout?
  1. ক
    ক) Acute arthritis
  2. খ
    খ) Chronic tophaceous arthritis
  3. গ
    গ) Gouty nephropathy
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Tophi
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Tophi in various sites are the pathognomonic hallmark of gout
২৩.
Which substance deposited in primary gout -
  1. ক
    Calcium pyrophosphate
  2. খ
    Monosodium urate
  3. গ
    Sodium sulphate
  4. ঘ
    Sodium phosphate
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Crystal deposited in primary gout -
Monosodium  urate crystal
২৪.
Fixative in tissue biopsy -
  1. ক
    Keep the tissue viable
  2. খ
    Dissolve calcium from bone
  3. গ
    Preventing autolysis
  4. ঘ
    10% dextrose is used as fixative
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Fixative in tissue biopsy is used for fixation of tissue
It prevents autolysis
Most frequently, the routine fixative will be neutral buffered formalin.
২৫.
Organ sensitive to ionizing radiation -
  1. ক
    Bone
  2. খ
    Muscle
  3. গ
    Gastro intestinal tract
  4. ঘ
    Central nervous system
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Radiation sensitive tissue -
Tissue with high rate of cell division like gonad,Bone marrow,Lymphoid tissue, mucosa of the GIT.
২৬.
Feature of 3rd nerve palsy -
  1. ক
    Partial ptosis
  2. খ
    Absence of facial sweating
  3. গ
    Dilated pupil
  4. ঘ
    Intact accomodation reflux
২৭.
Trophi is pathognomonic of -
  1. ক
    Gout
  2. খ
    Pseudogout
  3. গ
    SLE
  4. ঘ
    Rheumatoid arthritis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Tophaceous gout occurs when uric acid crystals form masses of white growths that develop around the joints and tissues that gout has affected. These masses, called tophi, are often visible under the skin and tend to look like swollen nodules. The material may be in a liquid, pasty, or chalky state.
২৮.
Primary cause of headache -
  1. ক
    Raised ICP
  2. খ
    Migraine
  3. গ
    Meningitis
  4. ঘ
    Post herpetic neuralgia
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Primary headache -
Tension headache
Migraine
Cluster headache
Trigeminal neuralgia
Benign paroxysmal headache
২৯.
Urine routine microscopic examination detect following except -
  1. ক
    Osmolality
  2. খ
    pH
  3. গ
    Protein
  4. ঘ
    Urinary bicarbonate
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Urine R/M (Urine Routine & Microscopy) test involves gross, chemical, and microscopic evaluation of the urine sample.
Include physical appearence, urine protein, sugar, ketone body level,osmolarity,pH.
৩০.
Pathogenesis of osteoporosis -
  1. ক
    Increased bone dexa scan
  2. খ
    Increased osteocyte formation
  3. গ
    Hyperparathyroidism
  4. ঘ
    Drug - DMRD
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Pathogenesis of osteoporosis -
Postmenopausal due to low peak bone mass
Genetic cause
Hypogonadism
Inflammatory bowel disease
Hyperparathyroidism
Cushing syndrome 
Corticosteroid 
GnRH agonist therapy
Alcohol excess
Heparin therapy
৩১.
Cause of secondary osteoporosis -
  1. ক
    Idiopathic
  2. খ
    Postmenopausal
  3. গ
    Addisons disease
  4. ঘ
    Senile
৩২.
Normal value of serum potassium level -
  1. ক
    3.5-5.5 mmol/l
  2. খ
    98-110 mmol/l
  3. গ
    135-145 mmol/l
  4. ঘ
    285 -300 mmol /l
৩৩.
Which is not the feature of cerebellar lesion -
  1. ক
    Nystagmus
  2. খ
    Rigidity
  3. গ
    Intension tremor
  4. ঘ
    Poor performance in heel shin test
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
 A mnemonic to remember some of the cerebellar signs is DANISH.
Dysdiadokinesia / dysmetria.
Ataxia.
Nystagmus.
Intention tremor.
Speech - slurred or scanning.
Hypotonia.
৩৪.
CSF findings of pyogenic meningitis -
  1. ক
    Cell - Lymphocyte
  2. খ
    Low glucose level
  3. গ
    Normal protein count
  4. ঘ
    AFB may be found
৩৫.
Required plasma level(minimum) for development of gout
  1. ক
    ক) 5.8
  2. খ
    খ) 6.8
  3. গ
    গ) 7.8
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 9.8
ব্যাখ্যা
• Hyperuricemia (plasma urate level above 6.8 mg/dL) is necessary, but not sufficient, for the development of gout.
৩৬.
Biochemical feature of gout is?
  1. ক
    ক) Hyperuricemia
  2. খ
    খ) Hypocalcaemia
  3. গ
    গ) Hypokalaemia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hypernatraemia
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Gout is marked by transient attacks of acute arthritis initiated by crystallization of monosodium urate within and around joints.
৩৭.
Hepatic angiosarcoma is related to following environmental carcinogens -
  1. ক
    Arsenic
  2. খ
    Asbestos
  3. গ
    Benzene
  4. ঘ
    Vinyl chloride
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Arsenic - Lung carcinoma,Squamous cell carcinoma,Basal cell carcinoma
Asbestos - lung carcinoma,Esophageal carcinoma,Gastric carcinoma
Benzene - Acute myeloid leukemia
Vinyl chloride - Hepatic angiosarcoma
৩৮.
Features not associated with diabetic ketoacidosis -
  1. ক
    Sweating
  2. খ
    Dehydration
  3. গ
    Acidotic breathing
  4. ঘ
    Hyperkalemia
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Diabetic ketoacidosis presents as -
excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, weakness or fatigue, shortness of breath, fruity-scented breath, and confusion.