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Physiology

মোট প্রশ্ন৮৮৮এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Physiology

PrepBank · পাতা ৩ / ৯ · ২০১–৩০০ / ৮৮৮

২০১.
Hormones secreted by kidneys excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Erythropoietin
  2. খ
    খ) Thrombopoietin
  3. গ
    গ) Noradrenalin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Prostaglandins
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Noradrenalin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Noradrenalin
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Hormones secreted by kidneys
• Erythropoietin
• Thrombopoietin
• Renin
• 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol)
• Prostaglandins.

২০২.
Which hormone has permissive action?
  1. ক
    catecholamine
  2. খ
    cortisol
  3. গ
    aldosterone
  4. ঘ
    ADH
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
cortisol
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
cortisol
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Cortisol has permissive action on glucagon & catecholamine
২০৩.
A/T ratio of DNA
  1. ক
    0
  2. খ
    1
  3. গ
    2
  4. ঘ
    3
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
1
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
1
খ
২০৪.
Lactate is not the major product exported from
  1. ক
    Brain
  2. খ
    Muscle
  3. গ
    RBC
  4. ঘ
    Kidney
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Kidney
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Kidney
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 187

Lactate is the major product exported from
Brain
Muscle
RBC
২০৫.
lowest component of surfactant
  1. ক
    Lipids
  2. খ
    Protein
  3. গ
    CHO
  4. ঘ
    Phospholipid
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
CHO
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
CHO
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Ganong 26 th p 619-620
২০৬.
Sertoli cells are stimulated by
  1. ক
    ক) FSH
  2. খ
    খ) LH
  3. গ
    গ) GH
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) TSH
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) FSH
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) FSH
ক
২০৭.
The most important early effect after administration of TSH is
  1. ক
    Increased activity of the iodide pump
  2. খ
    Increased number of thyroid cells
  3. গ
    initiate proteolysis of thyroglobulin
  4. ঘ
    Increased size and increased secretory activity of the thyroid cells
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
initiate proteolysis of thyroglobulin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
initiate proteolysis of thyroglobulin
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
TSH, also known as thyrotropin, is an anterior pituitary hormone; it is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 28,000. This hormone increases secretion of thyroxine and triiodothyronine by the thyroid gland. It has the following specific effects on the thyroid gland:
1. Increased proteolysis of thyroglobulin that has already been stored in the follicles, releasing the thyroid hormones into the circulating blood and diminishing the follicular substance
2. Increased activity of the iodide pump, which increases the rate of "iodide trapping" in the glandular cells, sometimes increasing the ratio of intracellular to extracellular iodide concentration in the glandu- lar substance to as much as eight times normal
3. Increased iodination of tyrosine to form the thyroid hormones
4. Increased size and increased secretory activity of the thyroid cells
5. Increased number of thyroid cells plus a change from cuboidal to columnar cells and much infolding of the thyroid epithelium into the follicles
In summary, TSH increases all the known secretory activities of the thyroid glandular cells.

The most important early effect after administration of TSH is to initiate proteolysis of thyroglobulin, which causes release of thyroxine and triiodothyronine into the blood within 30 minutes. The other effects require hours or even days and weeks to develop fully.
২০৮.
Alpha cell is responsible for
  1. ক
    Acid secretion
  2. খ
    Base Secretion
  3. গ
    Na Absorption
  4. ঘ
    K Absorption
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Acid secretion
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Acid secretion
ক
২০৯.
Whuch of the following not involved in Maintenance stage of metabolic alkalosis
  1. ক
    Hypovolemia
  2. খ
    Hypocloremia
  3. গ
    Hypokalemia
  4. ঘ
    Primary hypoaldosteronism
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Primary hypoaldosteronism
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Primary hypoaldosteronism
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 376

Maintenance stage of metabolic alkalosis
1.Hypovolemia
2.Hypocloremia
3.Hypokalemia
4.Primary hyperaldosteronism
২১০.
Renal autoregulation is important to maintain the
  1. ক
    ক) RPF
  2. খ
    খ) GFR
  3. গ
    গ) BP
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Osmolarity
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) GFR
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) GFR
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Renal autoregulation is important to maintain the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Blood flow to kidneys remains normal even when the mean arterial blood pressure vary widely between 60 mm Hg and 180 mmHg. This helps to maintain normal GFR.
২১১.
Component absent in serum:
  1. ক
    Fibrinogen
  2. খ
    Thrombin
  3. গ
    Plasmin
  4. ঘ
    Neutrophil
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Fibrinogen
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Fibrinogen
ক
২১২.
Maximum calories (/g) is derived from
  1. ক
    Carbohydrate
  2. খ
    Protein
  3. গ
    Lipid
  4. ঘ
    Alcohol
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Lipid
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Lipid
গ
২১৩.
Largeset dural fold is
  1. ক
    The falx cerebri
  2. খ
    The cerebelli
  3. গ
    The tentorium cerebelli
  4. ঘ
    The diaphragma sellae
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The falx cerebri
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The falx cerebri
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
The falx cerebri is Largeset dural fold which seperates two separtes two cerebral hemisphere

Snell 8th - 431

 Falx cerebri: separates left and right cerebral hemispheres. Located in the longitudinal cerebral fissure
- Tentorium cerebelli: Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
- Diaphragma sellae: Forms a lid or roof over the hypophysial fossa of sphenoid, covering the pituitary gland.
২১৪.
Ovulation occurs at day
  1. ক
    ক) 1
  2. খ
    খ) 5
  3. গ
    গ) 14
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 28
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 14
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 14
গ
২১৫.
In smooth muscle acetylcholine bind with___ receptors.
  1. ক
    ক) Muscarinic
  2. খ
    খ) Nicotinic
  3. গ
    গ) D1
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) M2
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Muscarinic
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Muscarinic
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-115]
২১৬.
SGLT 2 is found in
  1. ক
    Renal tubule
  2. খ
    Renal medulla
  3. গ
    Renal cortex
  4. ঘ
    Glomerulus
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Renal tubule
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Renal tubule
ক
২১৭.
Passive motion of an extremity meets with a dead resistance in Parkinsonism is called
  1. ক
    Lead pipe rigidity
  2. খ
    Cogwheel rigidity
  3. গ
    Akinesia
  4. ঘ
    Tremor at rest
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Lead pipe rigidity
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Lead pipe rigidity
ক
২১৮.
Most of thyroid hormone is bound to plasma protein...?
  1. ক
    Albumin
  2. খ
    Fibrinogen
  3. গ
    TBG
  4. ঘ
    TBPA
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
TBG
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
TBG
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Both T4 & T3 are mostly bound to thyroxine binding Globulin (TBG)
২১৯.
You are told by your registrar that one of your inpatients has been diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Your registrar suspects that the patient may have an associated condition. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with which of the following diseases?
  1. ক
    Thyroid disease
  2. খ
    Systemic sclerosis
  3. গ
    Rheumatoid arthritis
  4. ঘ
    Ulcerative colitis
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Ulcerative colitis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Ulcerative colitis
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
28 D Eighty to 100 per cent of patients with PSC will have ulcerative colitis (D). On the other hand, 3 per cent of patients with ulcerative colitis will have PSC. Thyroid disease (A), systemic sclerosis (B) and rheumatoid arthritis (C) are associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.
২২০.
Ascending tract of posterior column
  1. ক
    ক) Fasciculus gracillis
  2. খ
    খ) Spinothalamic tract
  3. গ
    গ) Spin0reticular tract
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Spino-olivary tract
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Fasciculus gracillis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Fasciculus gracillis
ক
২২১.
Corticospinal tract lesion leads to
  1. ক
    ক) Exaggerate knee jerk
  2. খ
    খ) Loss of all tendon reflexes
  3. গ
    গ) Decreased muscle tone
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Weakness of distal group of muscles of hands and feet
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Exaggerate knee jerk
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Exaggerate knee jerk
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Corticospinal tract lesion leads to develp features of upper motor neuron lesion.
Features of Upper motor neuron lesion-
-Increased muscle tone with clonus
-Spastic paralysis
-Superficial reflexes are absent
-Deep tendon reflexes are increased
-Planter response extensor

২২২.
Normal GFR is .... L/day?
  1. ক
    ক) 125
  2. খ
    খ) 625
  3. গ
    গ) 180
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 290
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 180
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 180
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Normally, GFR is about 180 L/day, and tubular reabsorption is 178.5 L/day, leaving 1.5 L/day of fluid to be excreted in the urine.
২২৩.
Which play an important role in the defence mechanism of the body against the parasites?
  1. ক
    ক) Neutrophil
  2. খ
    খ) Basophil
  3. গ
    গ) Eosinophils
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Monocyte
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Eosinophils
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Eosinophils
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Eosinophils play an important role in the defence mechanism of the body against the parasites. During parasitic infections, there is a production of a large number of eosinophils which move towards the tissues affected by parasites. Eosinophil count increases also during allergic diseases like asthma.
২২৪.
Regarding myxedema which is not fitted
  1. ক
    Pot belly= absent
  2. খ
    GH retardation= Present
  3. গ
    Mental Retardation= absent
  4. ঘ
    Edema= absent
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
GH retardation= Present
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
GH retardation= Present
খ
২২৫.
Which promotes uterine contraction?
  1. ক
    ক) Prolactin
  2. খ
    খ) FSH
  3. গ
    গ) LH
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Oxytocin
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Oxytocin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Oxytocin
ঘ
২২৬.
What is not the example of transcellular fluid-?
  1. ক
    ক) CSF
  2. খ
    খ) Oedema fluid
  3. গ
    গ) Aqueous humor
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Urine
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Oedema fluid
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Oedema fluid
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Transcellular fluids are-
-CSF
-Synovial fluid
-Peritoneal fluid
-Pleural fluid
-pericardial fluid
-Intraocular fluid (Aqueous humor)
-Fluids in the lumen of GIT
-Fluid in lumen of nephron(urine)&Sweat
Oedema fluid is not transcellular fluid.

২২৭.
Blood clotting factor III
  1. ক
    ক) Fibrinogen
  2. খ
    খ) Thromboplastin
  3. গ
    গ) Prothrombin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Calcium
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Thromboplastin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Thromboplastin
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-565]
২২৮.
Most potent vasodilator
  1. ক
    CO2
  2. খ
    H+
  3. গ
    K+
  4. ঘ
    O2
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
CO2
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
CO2
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
কোন ব্যাখ্যা যোগ হয় নি।
২২৯.
Which factor inhibits hypothalamus for thyroid hormone synthesis?
  1. ক
    Low BMR
  2. খ
    Stress
  3. গ
    Leptin
  4. ঘ
    MSH
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Stress
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Stress
খ
২৩০.
What is the basic differentiating point between plasma & ISF in case of composition?
  1. ক
    Cations
  2. খ
    Anions
  3. গ
    Protein
  4. ঘ
    Phospholipid
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Protein
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Protein
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Interstitial fluid is three-fourths of the ECF. Thus, it is one-fourth of TBW. The composition of interstitial fluid is the same as that of plasma except that it has little protein. Thus, interstitial fluid is an ultrafiltrate of plasma.
২৩১.
Vagus nuclei are
  1. ক
    Nucleus tractus solitarius
  2. খ
    Nucleus ambiguus
  3. গ
    Dorsal motor nucleus
  4. ঘ
    All
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
All
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
All
ঘ
২৩২.
Cardiovascular effects of thyroid hormone exclude
  1. ক
    ক) Increased cardiac output
  2. খ
    খ) Increased heart rate
  3. গ
    গ) Increased peripheral resistance
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Increased heart strength
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Increased peripheral resistance
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Increased peripheral resistance
গ
২৩৩.
Cause of lymphocytopenia
  1. ক
    TB
  2. খ
    Mumps
  3. গ
    AIDS
  4. ঘ
    Diphtheria
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
AIDS
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
AIDS
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
Lymphocytopenia:
Decrease in lymphocyte count in
• AIDS
• Hodgkin’s disease (cancer of lymphatic system)
• Malnutrition
• Radiation therapy
• Steroid administration

২৩৪.
Most common form of calcium is
  1. ক
    Ionized calcium
  2. খ
    Calcium complexed to anions
  3. গ
    Protein bound calcium
  4. ঘ
    Oxidized calcium
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Ionized calcium
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Ionized calcium
ক
২৩৫.
The development of thermoanesthesis below the level of T4 is due to
  1. ক
    Blockage of Posterior Spinal artery
  2. খ
    Cerebral Hemorrhage
  3. গ
    Blockage of Anterior Spinal artery
  4. ঘ
    Collapse of T4
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Blockage of Anterior Spinal artery
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Blockage of Anterior Spinal artery
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Block of ASA- block blood supply of Ant 2/3rd of Spinal Cord-Bilateral Thermoanesthesia

(Damage to Spinothalamic tract lesion in both lateral white columns)

Snell 8th - 487
২৩৬.
RMP of Never fiber-
  1. ক
    ক) -65 mv
  2. খ
    খ) -70 mv
  3. গ
    গ) -80 mv
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) -90 mv
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) -90 mv
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) -90 mv
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
[Guyton 13th p-65]
২৩৭.
Exclusive sympathetic innervation prevail in
  1. ক
    Hair follicle
  2. খ
    Lacrimal muscle
  3. গ
    Ciliary muscle
  4. ঘ
    Nasopharyngeal gland
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Hair follicle
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Hair follicle
ক
২৩৮.
Conn's syndrome
  1. ক
    renin high and aldosterone high
  2. খ
    renin low and aldosterone high
  3. গ
    renin low and aldosterone undectectable
  4. ঘ
    renin low and aldosterone low
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
renin low and aldosterone high
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
renin low and aldosterone high
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
With renin low and aldosterone high (primary hyperaldosteronism)
·         Adrenal adenoma secreting aldosterone (Conn's syndrome)
·         Idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
·         Glucocorticoid-suppressible hyperaldosteronism (rare)
২৩৯.
Sertoli cells do not secret
  1. ক
    Testosterone
  2. খ
    Inhibin
  3. গ
    Estrogen
  4. ঘ
    Androgen-binding protein (ABP)
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Testosterone
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Testosterone
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Sertoli cells
1.       Inhibin
2.       Androgen-binding protein (ABP)
3.       Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS)
4.       Estrogen
২৪০.
A 53-year-old man with HIV suffers a ruptured aortic aneurysm and is rushed into theatre, he undergoes a successful operation and is recovering on the wards in a stable condition. One day after the operation, he becomes oliguric with mildly elevated urea and creatinine. After 1 week, he becomes polyuric with a GFR of 30. The most likely diagnosis is:
  1. ক
    Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome
  2. খ
    SIADH
  3. গ
    Acute tubular necrosis
  4. ঘ
    HIV nephropathy
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Acute tubular necrosis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Acute tubular necrosis
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Acute tubular necrosis  is most commonly due to renal ischaemia, as in this case, though direct pharmacological toxicity can also be the cause among many others including haemorrhage, diuretics, contrast during radiological procedures and heart failure. The clinical course is dependent on the offending factor and degree of damage but most commonly early oliguria followed by recovery of renal function with an increase in renal output. GFR, however, may remain low due to tubular damage. Full renal capacity is usually regained within 6 weeks of the initial stressor. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) (A) defines the acute injury to the kidney from RBC fragmentation which usually originates from thrombosis within arteries. HUS is therefore the triad of microangiopathic haemolysis, thrombocytopenia
২৪১.
Fish oil contain ___________ fatty acid
  1. ক
    w3
  2. খ
    w6
  3. গ
    w9
  4. ঘ
    None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
w3
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
w3
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Fish oil contain omega 3 fatty acid
২৪২.
Which is not compatible with PHP
  1. ক
    Hypocalcemia
  2. খ
    Hypercalcemia
  3. গ
    Increased ALP
  4. ঘ
    Increased PTH
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Hypocalcemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Hypocalcemia
ক
২৪৩.
Fumerate is produced from
  1. ক
    Val
  2. খ
    Ile
  3. গ
    Phe
  4. ঘ
    Leu
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Phe
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Phe
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Fumerate is produced from Phe, Tyr

ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 182
২৪৪.
In which ccondition frog like husky voice is found?
  1. ক
    cretinism
  2. খ
    myxoedema
  3. গ
    grave's disease
  4. ঘ
    hashimuto's thyroiditis
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
myxoedema
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
myxoedema
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Myxedema can be diagnosed over telephone by hearing frog like husky voice.
২৪৫.
Site of blood cell production at developing fetus
  1. ক
    ক) Yolk sac
  2. খ
    খ) Liver
  3. গ
    গ) Thymus
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Red Bone marrow
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Yolk sac
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Yolk sac
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
Developing fetus- mesoderm of yolk sac
Early fetal life- liver, spleen, thymus
Late fetal life- red bone marrow

২৪৬.
Vestibular ganglion is first order neuron of
  1. ক
    ক) Vision
  2. খ
    খ) Balance
  3. গ
    গ) Taste
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Smell
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Balance
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Balance
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Vestibular ganglion is first order neuron of balance or equilibrium
২৪৭.
NOS has..... Isoform
  1. ক
    2
  2. খ
    3
  3. গ
    4
  4. ঘ
    5
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
3
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
3
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
NOS has three isoform inos, pnos
২৪৮.
Haeme containing proteins excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Haemoglobin
  2. খ
    খ) Inositol
  3. গ
    গ) Myoglobin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cytochrome C
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Inositol
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Inositol
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
Haeme containing proteins:
• Haemoglobin
• Myoglobin
• Cytochrome C

২৪৯.
ERV + RV = ?
  1. ক
    VC
  2. খ
    FRC
  3. গ
    TLC
  4. ঘ
    FRV
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
FRC
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
FRC
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 496
২৫০.
Closure of semilunar valve which heart sound produce
  1. ক
    S3
  2. খ
    opening snap
  3. গ
    S1
  4. ঘ
    S2
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
S2
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
S2
ঘ
২৫১.
Most diagnostic for asthma
  1. ক
    FEV1/FVC ratio more than 80%
  2. খ
    Decreased FEV1
  3. গ
    Decreased FVC
  4. ঘ
    FVC is increased after bronchodilator therapy
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Decreased FEV1
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Decreased FEV1
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
কোন ব্যাখ্যা যোগ হয় নি।
২৫২.
Golgi tendon organ sensory supply
  1. ক
    Ia
  2. খ
    Ib
  3. গ
    II
  4. ঘ
    None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Ib
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Ib
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Golgi tendon organ
1.Present in muscle-tendon junction
2. Sensory Supply-Only Ib type
3. Alpha motor only
4. Regulates musle tension
5. Reflexes are inhibitory.
২৫৩.
Stages of hemostasis excludes
  1. ক
    Endothelial imjury
  2. খ
    Vasoconstriction
  3. গ
    Platelet plug formation
  4. ঘ
    Coagulation of blood.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Endothelial imjury
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Endothelial imjury
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
Stages of hemostasis
When a blood vessel is injured, the injury initiates a series of reactions, resulting in hemostasis. It occurs in three stages
1. Vasoconstriction
2. Platelet plug formation
3. Coagulation of blood.

২৫৪.
Which one of following is not a lysosomal enzyme-?
  1. ক
    ক) Cathepsin's
  2. খ
    খ) Coagulase
  3. গ
    গ) Phospholipase
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Arylsulfatases
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Coagulase
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Coagulase
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

★Lysosomal enzymes are-
-Ribonuclease
-Deoxyribonuclease
-Phosphate
-Glycosidases
-Arylsylfatases
-Collagenase
-Cathepsins
-Phospholipase

২৫৫.
The first effect of leukemia is
  1. ক
    Anemia
  2. খ
    Bleeding
  3. গ
    Infection
  4. ঘ
    Metastatic growth
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Metastatic growth
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Metastatic growth
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Effects of Leukemia on the Body
The first effect of leukemia is metastatic growth of leukemic cells in abnormal areas of the body. Leukemic cells from the bone marrow may reproduce so much that they invade the surrounding bone, causing pain and, eventually, a tendency for bones to fracture easily.
Almost all leukemias eventually spread to the spleen, lymph nodes, liver, and other vascular regions, regardless of whether the leukemia originated in the bone marrow or lymph nodes.
Common effects in leukemia are the development of infection, severe anemia, and a bleeding tendency caused by thrombocytopenia (lack of platelets). These effects result mainly from displacement of the normal bone marrow and lymphoid cells by the nonfunctional leukemic cells.

Finally, an important effect of leukemia on the body is excessive use of metabolic substrates by the growing cancerous cells. The leukemic tissues reproduce new cells so rapidly that tremendous demands are made on the body reserves for foodstuffs, specific amino acids, and vitamins. Consequently, the energy of the patient is greatly depleted, and excessive utilization of amino acids by leukemic cells causes especially rapid deterioration of the normal protein tissues of the body. Thus, while the leukemic tissues grow, other tissues become debilitated. After metabolic starvation has continued long enough, this factor alone is sufficient to cause death.
Bibliography
David BA, Kubes P: Exploring the complex role of chemokines and chemoattractants in vivo on leukocyte dynamics Immunol Re
২৫৬.
The blood volume of the lungs is about...ml
  1. ক
    450(9%)
  2. খ
    500(10%)
  3. গ
    550(11%)
  4. ঘ
    600(12%)
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
450(9%)
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
450(9%)
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 504
২৫৭.
Heart rate is accelerated by
  1. ক
    ক) Exercise
  2. খ
    খ) Fear
  3. গ
    গ) increased baroreceptor activity
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) increased intracranial pressure
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Exercise
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Exercise
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference-Ganong physiology/26th/P-580/T-32-3
২৫৮.
PCV increases in
  1. ক
    Anemia
  2. খ
    Cirrhosis of liver
  3. গ
    Pregnancy
  4. ঘ
    Dengue shock syndrome
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Dengue shock syndrome
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Dengue shock syndrome
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
PCV decreases in:
• Anemia
• Cirrhosis of liver
• Pregnancy
• Hemorrhage due to ectopic pregnancy

২৫৯.
What is the excitatory cell of cerebellum?
  1. ক
    ক) Granule cells
  2. খ
    খ) Basket cells
  3. গ
    গ) Golgi cells
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Purkinje cells
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Granule cells
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Granule cells
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Climbing & Mossy fibres,Granule cells are excitatory neuron in cerebellum.Stellate,basket,golgi & purkinje cells are inhibitory neuron of cerebellum.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Table-150.2)
২৬০.
Which is not a feature of Tabes Paresis
  1. ক
    Lateral Colum Lesion
  2. খ
    Charcot pain
  3. গ
    Shooting pain
  4. ঘ
    ARP
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Lateral Colum Lesion
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Lateral Colum Lesion
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Tabes Dorsalis morphology:
DORSALIS
1. Dorsal column degeneration
2. Orthopedic pain (Charcot joints)
3. Reflexes decreased (deep tendon)
4. Shooting pain
5. Argyll-Robertson pupils
6. Locomotor ataxia
7. Impaired proprioception
8. Syphilis
২৬১.
Inhibitor of enzyme enolase
  1. ক
    Cyanide
  2. খ
    Na - k ATP ase
  3. গ
    Fluride
  4. ঘ
    Nerve gas
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Fluride
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Fluride
গ
২৬২.
Tract carries pain and temperature from opposite side
  1. ক
    ক) Spinothalamic tract
  2. খ
    খ) Dorsal column
  3. গ
    গ) Corticospinal tract
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Geniculocalcarine tract
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Spinothalamic tract
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Spinothalamic tract
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Tract carries pain and temperature from opposite side is spinothalamic tract.
২৬৩.
Pacinian corpuscles are absent in
  1. ক
    ক) Skeletal muscle
  2. খ
    খ) Tendons
  3. গ
    গ) Skin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Joint capsule
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Skeletal muscle
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Skeletal muscle
ক
২৬৪.
Intracellular fluid contains large amount of
  1. ক
    Glucose
  2. খ
    Na
  3. গ
    K
  4. ঘ
    Bicarbonate
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
K
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
K
গ
২৬৫.
Anemic Hypoxia
  1. ক
    CO poisoining
  2. খ
    CN poisoining
  3. গ
    Narcotics
  4. ঘ
    Hamorrage
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
CO poisoining
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
CO poisoining
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Anemic Hypoxia
CO poisoining
Stagnant/Ischemic hypoxia
CCF,He,Shock
Histotoxic hypoxia
Cyanide Posoining,Narcotics
২৬৬.
Which are the major sites of resistance of circulation?
  1. ক
    ক) Arteries
  2. খ
    খ) Arterioles
  3. গ
    গ) Capillaries
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Veins
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Arterioles
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Arterioles
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Arterioles are the major site of the resistance to blood flow. So, arterioles are the stop clocks of the circulation.
২৬৭.
Pulse pressure does not depend on
  1. ক
    ক) Age
  2. খ
    খ) Sex
  3. গ
    গ) Stroke volume
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Arterial elastic constant
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Sex
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Sex
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Pulse pressure
Is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. Normal pulse pressure is 30 - 60 mm Hg (average 50 mm Hg).
Pulse pressure depends on three factors:
• Age
• Stroke volume
• Arterial elastic constant

২৬৮.
A fall in plasma Na+ concentration -?
  1. ক
    ক) results from excessive production of ADH
  2. খ
    খ) Decreases intracellular fluid volume
  3. গ
    গ) Increases plasma osmolarity
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Is likely to cause thirst
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) results from excessive production of ADH
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) results from excessive production of ADH
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference- Rodde physiology/6th/Q-48
২৬৯.
Which of the followings act as taste recptor cell in taste bud?
  1. ক
    ক) Sustentacular cell
  2. খ
    খ) Type II cell
  3. গ
    গ) Type III cell
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Basal cell
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Type III cell
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Type III cell
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation : Type of Cells in Taste Bud
1. Type I cells or sustentacular cells
2. Type II cells
3. Type III cells
4. Type IV cells or basal cells.
Type I cells and type IV cells are supporting cells. Type III cells are the taste receptor cells. Function of type II cell is unknown.

Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 1024)
২৭০.
To maintain normal H+ balance, total daily excretion of H+ should equal the daily
  1. ক
    Fixed acid production plus fixed acid ingestion
  2. খ
    HCO3− excretion
  3. গ
    HCO3− filtered load
  4. ঘ
    Titratable acid excretion
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Fixed acid production plus fixed acid ingestion
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Fixed acid production plus fixed acid ingestion
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Total daily production of fixed H+ from catabolism of proteins and phospholipids (plus any additional fixed H+ that is ingested) must be matched by the sum of excretion of H+ as titratable acid plus NH4+ to maintain acid–base balance.
২৭১.
Which is not a part of Penile erection initiation
  1. ক
    S2
  2. খ
    S3
  3. গ
    S4
  4. ঘ
    S1
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
S1
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
S1
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
In penile erection initial penile vascular engorgement ias controlled by PNS part of ANS( S2,S3,S4 segments of spinal cord)

Erection and ejaculation
Erection and ejaculation are regulated by the autonomic innervation of the penis. The parasympathetic stimulation is excitatory for the penis, as it causes the erection. The parasympathetic stimuli relax the smooth musculature of the corpora cavernosa and produce vasodilation in the helicine arteries. The helicine arteries then fill the corpora cavernosa, compressing the venous outflow from the penis. This process is called the veno-occlusive mechanism and it results with penile erection.

On the other hand, the inhibitory sympathetic stimuli cause the ejaculation when the critical level of sexual excitement has been reached. The ejaculation process can be divided into two phases. In the first phase, the sympathetic stimuli cause the vasoconstriction of helicine arteries, contraction of the smooth muscle cells within the septa of corpus spongiosum and contraction seminal vesicles and prostate. This results in accumulation of seminal fluid into the proximal part of the urethra. During the second phase, the bulbospongiosus muscle contracts  and expels the seminal fluid through the urethra (ejaculation). When the ejaculation is finished the penis returns into the flaccid state. An individual normally produces 3-5 ml of semen per one ejaculation which contains about 300 million sperm cells.

Snell 8th - 402
২৭২.
Cardiac cycle is the term used to describe the sequence of events that occur as the heart works to pump blood through the body. The opening of the atrioventricular(AV) valves occurs at about the same time in the cardiac cycle as-
  1. ক
    ক) Beginning of diastole
  2. খ
    খ) Beginning of systole
  3. গ
    গ) End of isovolumic contraction
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) First heart sound
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Beginning of diastole
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Beginning of diastole
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
The second is a shorter, high-pitched “dub” (second sound), caused by vibrations associated with closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves just after the end of ventricular systole and beginning of diastole.
২৭৩.
Example of positive feedback mechanism except-
  1. ক
    ক) Generation of nerve signals
  2. খ
    খ) LH surge
  3. গ
    গ) Control of blood pressure
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Insulin secretion in response to high blood glucose.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Control of blood pressure
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Control of blood pressure
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
[Guyton 13th 7]
২৭৪.
Calculate HCO3 deficit in a 70 kg man,measured HCO3=20 mmol/l
  1. ক
    140
  2. খ
    150
  3. গ
    110
  4. ঘ
    160
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
140
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
140
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
HCO3 deficit= ( Normal HCO3- Measured HCO3)* HCO3 space

HCO3 space=30-50 % of TBW
২৭৫.
Umami is a… word
  1. ক
    ক) Indian
  2. খ
    খ) Chinese
  3. গ
    গ) Korean
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Japanese
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Japanese
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Japanese
ঘ
২৭৬.
Insulin causes hypoglycemia by:
  1. ক
    Glycogenolysis
  2. খ
    Uptake & storage of glucose as glycogen in adipose tissue
  3. গ
    Uptake & utilization of glucose for lipolysis
  4. ঘ
    Inhibition of gluconeogenesis
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Inhibition of gluconeogenesis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Inhibition of gluconeogenesis
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Insulin causes hypoglycemia by:
1.  Uptakes & oxidation of glucose by cells
2.  Uptake & storage of glucose as glycogen in muscle & liver.
3.  Uptake & utilization of glucose for lipogenesis & fat synthesis in adipocyte.
4.  Inhibition of gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis
২৭৭.
Find the true
  1. ক
    VA and Q normal,Va/q normal
  2. খ
    VA=O and Q=N normal,Va/q normal
  3. গ
    VA= N and Q= O ,Va/q normal
  4. ঘ
    Va/q= 0 max gas excahnge
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
VA and Q normal,Va/q normal
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
VA and Q normal,Va/q normal
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
কোন ব্যাখ্যা যোগ হয় নি।
২৭৮.
An analysis of the lever systems of the body doesnot not depend on knowledge of the following:
  1. ক
    the point of muscle insertion
  2. খ
    the length of the lever arm
  3. গ
    the position of the lever
  4. ঘ
    None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
None of the above
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
None of the above
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
an analysis of the lever systems of the body depends on knowledge of the following:
(1) the point of muscle insertion;
(2) its distance from the fulcrum of the lever;
(3) the length of the lever arm;
and (4) the position of the lever.
২৭৯.
The earliest signs of organophosphate toxicity in OPC poisoing
  1. ক
    seizures
  2. খ
    bronchial constriction
  3. গ
    convulsions
  4. ঘ
    cognitive disturbances
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
bronchial constriction
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
bronchial constriction
খ
২৮০.
Which one is secreted from C cell of thyroid?
  1. ক
    T3
  2. খ
    T4
  3. গ
    Thyroxine
  4. ঘ
    Calcitonin
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Calcitonin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Calcitonin
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Others are secreted from follicular cell
২৮১.
Cardiac output is increased to highest limit in
  1. ক
    ক) Beriberi
  2. খ
    খ) Anaemia
  3. গ
    গ) MI
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cardiac shock
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Beriberi
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Beriberi
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২৮২.
ou see a 67-year-old man who has been referred to the chest clinic following a three-month history of weight loss and signs which may suggest a Pancoast's tumour. Which of the following symptoms from the list below is not associated with a Pancoast's tumour?
  1. ক
    Hoarse voice
  2. খ
    Ptosis
  3. গ
    Anhydrosis
  4. ঘ
    Exopthalmos
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Exopthalmos
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Exopthalmos
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Pancoast's tumours are defined as tumours arising from the lung apex either on the left or right side. As the tumour grows it can compress structures such as the brachiocephalic vein, subclavian artery, recurrent laryngeal nerve (causing voice hoarseness (A), vagus nerve, phrenic nerve or compression of the sympathetic ganglion resulting in a group of symptoms known as Horner's syndrome (pupil constriction, enopthalmos sunken eye, ptosis (B) - drooping eyelid and ipsilateral anhydrosis (C) loss of sweating due to compression of sympathetic supply (thoracic outlet) to the face).
২৮৩.
Feature of UMNL
  1. ক
    ক) Spastic paralysis
  2. খ
    খ) Deep reflexes lost
  3. গ
    গ) Clonus absent
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Individual muscles are affected
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Spastic paralysis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Spastic paralysis
ক
২৮৪.
BP on lower limb is measured over
  1. ক
    Anterior tibial artery
  2. খ
    Posterior tibial artery
  3. গ
    Popliteal artery
  4. ঘ
    Femoral artery
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Popliteal artery
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Popliteal artery
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Site of blood pressure measurement
• Arms (over brachial artery)
• Thighs (over popliteal artery)

২৮৫.
Cause of metabolic alkalosis
  1. ক
    Chronic hyperkalemia
  2. খ
    Hypercloremia
  3. গ
    Bartter syndrome
  4. ঘ
    CAI
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Bartter syndrome
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Bartter syndrome
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 374
২৮৬.
bulbar Palsy
  1. ক
    Large vessel cortical infarctions
  2. খ
    GBS
  3. গ
    ubcortical lacunar infarctions
  4. ঘ
    Alzheimer's disease
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
GBS
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
GBS
খ
২৮৭.
Which of the following is true regarding Visual pathway?
  1. ক
    ক) Optic tract is formed by uncrossed fibers of optic nerve on the same side and crossed fibers of optic nerve from the opposite side
  2. খ
    খ) Fibers from fovea enter superior colliculus
  3. গ
    গ) Supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus is concerned with the retinal control of pituitary in human
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Fibers from geniculate body pass through external capsule
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Optic tract is formed by uncrossed fibers of optic nerve on the same side and crossed fibers of optic nerve from the opposite side
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Optic tract is formed by uncrossed fibers of optic nerve on the same side and crossed fibers of optic nerve from the opposite side
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Optic tract is formed by uncrossed fibers of optic nerve on the same side and crossed fibers of optic nerve from the opposite side. Fibers from fovea do not enter superior colliculus. Supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus: It is concerned with the retinal control of pituitary in animals. But in human, it does not play any important role. Fibers from lateral geniculate body pass through internal capsule and form optic radiation.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 990,991)
২৮৮.
Ptyalin is required in digestion of
  1. ক
    Carbohydrate
  2. খ
    Protein
  3. গ
    Lipid
  4. ঘ
    Minerals
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Carbohydrate
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Carbohydrate
ক
২৮৯.
Which hormone has anti-inflammatory effect?
  1. ক
    ক) PTH
  2. খ
    খ) Calcitonin
  3. গ
    গ) Cortisol
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Aldosterone
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Cortisol
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Cortisol
গ
২৯০.
Which hormone prevents involution of corpus follicles?
  1. ক
    ক) FSH
  2. খ
    খ) LH
  3. গ
    গ) HCG
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Inhibin
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) HCG
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) HCG
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
HGC prevents involution of corpus follicle.
২৯১.
Which is not included in Triad of Horner syndrome
  1. ক
    ptosis
  2. খ
    miosis
  3. গ
    enophthalmos
  4. ঘ
    anhidrosis
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
enophthalmos
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
enophthalmos
গ
২৯২.
Alpha rhythm most marked in
  1. ক
    Occipital lobe
  2. খ
    Frontal lobe
  3. গ
    Temporal dominant
  4. ঘ
    Temporal Non Dominant
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Occipital lobe
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Occipital lobe
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
In adult humans who are awake but at rest with the mind wandering and the eyes closed, the most prominent component of the EEG is a fairly regular pattern of waves at a frequency of 8–13 Hz.

This pattern is the alpha rhythm. It is most marked in the parietal and occipital lobes and is associated with decreased levels of attention. A similar rhythm has been observed in a wide variety of mammalian species.
২৯৩.
Macula Densa is accocied with following ion
  1. ক
    K
  2. খ
    Ca
  3. গ
    HCO3
  4. ঘ
    Na
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Na
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Na
ঘ
২৯৪.
Histamin signals via
  1. ক
    Ca
  2. খ
    K
  3. গ
    cAMP
  4. ঘ
    cGMP
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
cAMP
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
cAMP
গ
২৯৫.
Tigroid substances is absent from -
  1. ক
    ক) Dendrites
  2. খ
    খ) Soma
  3. গ
    গ) Axon hillock
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Dendron
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Axon hillock
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Axon hillock
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Nissl bodies or Nissl granules are small basophilic granules found in cytoplasm of neurons and are named after the discoverer. These bodies are present in soma and dendrite but not in axon and axon hillock. Nissl bodies are called tigroid substances.
Ref : Sembullingam 6th edition (Page- 760)
২৯৬.
Metabolic response to trauma has -------------- phase in the body?
  1. ক
    2
  2. খ
    3
  3. গ
    4
  4. ঘ
    5
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
4
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
4
গ
২৯৭.
Tetany occurs when plasma calcium level falls below …mg/dl
  1. ক
    ক) 4
  2. খ
    খ) 5
  3. গ
    গ) 6
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 9
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 6
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 6
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Hypoparathyroidism leads to hypocalcemia, by decreasing the resorption of calcium from bones. Hypocalcemia causes neuromuscular hyperexcitability, resulting in hypocalcemic tetany. Normally, tetany occurs when plasma calcium level falls below 6 mg/dL from its normal value of 9.4 mg/dL.
২৯৮.
CPK 2 is found in
  1. ক
    Heart
  2. খ
    Skin
  3. গ
    Git
  4. ঘ
    Brain
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Heart
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Heart
ক
২৯৯.
Regarding blood supply of spinal cord
  1. ক
    Anastomosis is least efficient at the region of lateral columns
  2. খ
    Cervical and lumbar segments have rich vascular supply
  3. গ
    T1 to T4 segments are least vulnerable to ischemia
  4. ঘ
    Anterior spinal artery thrombosis causes ischemia of anterior 2/3rd of the cord, sparing the posterior column, hence leads to dissociated sensory loss
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
T1 to T4 segments are least vulnerable to ischemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
T1 to T4 segments are least vulnerable to ischemia
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Special points Regarding blood supply of spinal cord
1. Anastomosis is least efficient at the region of lateral columns
2. Cervical and lumbar segments have rich vascular supply
3. T1 to T4 segments are most vulnerable to ischemia
4. Anterior spinal artery thrombosis causes ischemia of anterior 2/3rd of the cord, sparing the posterior column, hence leads to dissociated sensory loss.
৩০০.
Renin also known as angiotensinogenase is circulating enzyme released mainly by JG cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys plasma renin levels are decreased in patients with-?
  1. ক
    ক) Primary hyperaldosteronism
  2. খ
    খ) Renal artery stenosis
  3. গ
    গ) Salt restriction
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Upright posture
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Primary hyperaldosteronism
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Primary hyperaldosteronism
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Conditions that increase renin secretion-
-Na+ depletion
-Diuretics
- Hypotension
-Hemorrhage
-Upright posture
-Dehydration
-Cardiac failure
-Cirrhosis
-Constriction of renal artery or aorta
-Various psychological stimuli