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Physiology

মোট প্রশ্ন৮৮৮এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Physiology

PrepBank · পাতা ১ / ৯ · ১–১০০ / ৮৮৮

১.
Which of the following areas is predominantly concerned with thermoregulation?
  1. ক
    ক) Hypothalamus
  2. খ
    খ) Anterior pituitary
  3. গ
    গ) Cerebellum
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Brain stem
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Hypothalamus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Hypothalamus
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
The hypothalamus is primarily concerned with thermoregulation. It may relay to the cerebral cortex to induce behavioral adaptation to facilitate the thermoregulatory process.
২.
Which limb is spared from lead placement in ECG?
  1. ক
    ক) RA
  2. খ
    খ) RL
  3. গ
    গ) LA
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) LL
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) RL
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) RL
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
৩.
Which is not a part of Cushing reflex
  1. ক
    hypertension
  2. খ
    bradycardia
  3. গ
    Papilloedema
  4. ঘ
    respiratory depression
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Papilloedema
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Papilloedema
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Cushing reflex-triad of hypertension, bradycardia, and respiratory depression in response to ↑ ICP.
৪.
Which can occur in excessive transfusion of blood with acid citrate dextrose
  1. ক
    Hyperkalemia
  2. খ
    Hypokalemia
  3. গ
    Hypercalcaemia
  4. ঘ
    Hypocalcaemia
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Hypocalcaemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Hypocalcaemia
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Hypocalcaemia can occur in excessive transfusion of blood with acid citrate dextrose.
৫.
At a normal heart rate the duration(second) of atrial systole is
  1. ক
    0.1
  2. খ
    0.3
  3. গ
    0.5
  4. ঘ
    0.7
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
0.1
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
0.1
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
At a normal heart rate the duration of systole and diastole are:
Atrial systole: 0.1 second
Atrial diastole: 0.7 second
Ventricular systole: 0.3 second
Ventricular diastole: 0.5 second
৬.
Rapidly acting BP regulating mechanisms excludes
  1. ক
    Baroreceptor mechanism
  2. খ
    Chemoreceptor mechanism
  3. গ
    Renin angiotensin mechanism
  4. ঘ
    CNS ischemic mechanism
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Renin angiotensin mechanism
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Renin angiotensin mechanism
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Rapidly acting regulating mechanisms (acute nervous reflexes) (acts within seconds to minutes)
• Baroreceptor mechanism
• Chemoreceptor mechanism
• CNS ischemic mechanism

৭.
Forms of calcium excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Ionized calcium
  2. খ
    খ) Calcium complexed to anions
  3. গ
    গ) Protein bound calcium
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Oxidized calcium
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Oxidized calcium
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Oxidized calcium
ঘ
৮.
Antibody produced by:
  1. ক
    T-cell
  2. খ
    B-cell
  3. গ
    Macrophage
  4. ঘ
    Neutrophil
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
B-cell
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
B-cell
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

1.Phagocytosis
2. Antibody formation by B cell
3. Immunity by T-cell, B cell,macrophage
4. Secretion of heparin by basophil and prevent intravascular blood coagulation 
5. Antihistamine action by eosinophil
6. Eosinophils kill parasites
৯.
Metabolic actions of glucocorticoids on CHO
  1. ক
    increase glucose utilization
  2. খ
    Increase deposition of liver glycogen
  3. গ
    glucose transport in muscle and
  4. ঘ
    Stimulate ketosis
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Increase deposition of liver glycogen
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Increase deposition of liver glycogen
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Metabolic actions of glucocorticoids Effects On carbohydrate  -Promotion of gluconeogenesis
Metabolism - (cortisol stimulates synthesis of gluconeogenic enzyme by DNA transcription)
-  Reduction in glucose utilization
-  Increase deposition of liver glycogen
-Block glucose transport in muscle and
-Adipose tissue (anti insulin action)
Net effect: increased blood glucose
১০.
Digestion of proteins starts in
  1. ক
    Mouth
  2. খ
    Stomach
  3. গ
    Small intestine
  4. ঘ
    Large intestine
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Stomach
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Stomach
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Digestion of proteins does not occur in mouth, since saliva does not contain any proteolytic enzymes. So, the digestion of proteins starts only in stomach
১১.
Which is not a part of Respiratory Unit (also called respiratory lobule)
  1. ক
    ক) Principal bronchiole
  2. খ
    খ) Respiratory bronchiole
  3. গ
    গ) Atria
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Alveoli
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Principal bronchiole
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Principal bronchiole
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 515
১২.
Which blood group has no antigen
  1. ক
    ক) A
  2. খ
    খ) B
  3. গ
    গ) AB
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) O
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) O
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) O
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations: ‘O’ group has no antigen & AB group has no antibody.
১৩.
Increased A/G level is found in
  1. ক
    Use of antibiotics
  2. খ
    ClD
  3. গ
    Hypothyroidism
  4. ঘ
    CKD
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Hypothyroidism
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Hypothyroidism
গ
১৪.
Substance used to measure RPF?
  1. ক
    Sorbitol
  2. খ
    PAH
  3. গ
    Inulin
  4. ঘ
    Mannitol
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
PAH
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
PAH
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Criteria of a substance, the plasma clearance of which is used for measurement of RPF are:
a) High extraction ratio
c) Not metabolized or produced by kidney
b) Not stored by kidney
d) Non toxic
PAH (para amino hippuric acid) is the substance which fulfills these criteria and can be used for measurement of RPF.
RBF is calculated from RPF by formula:
RBF = RPF 1-Hct
If RPF = 650 ml/min and hematocrit value (Hot) of in 0.45 then RBF1200
১৫.
Which of the followings is included in axonotmesis?
  1. ক
    ক) First degree nerve injury
  2. খ
    খ) Second degree nerve injury
  3. গ
    গ) Third drgree nerve injury
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Fourth degree nerve injury
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Second degree nerve injury
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Second degree nerve injury
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 770)
Explanation : First degree of injury is called Seddon neuropraxia. Second degree of injury is called axonotmesis. . Third, fourth and fifth degrees of injury are called neurotmesis.

Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 770)
১৬.
Which part of renal tubule is never permeable to water?
  1. ক
    PCT
  2. খ
    Thin descending limb
  3. গ
    Thin ascending limb
  4. ঘ
    DCT
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Thin ascending limb
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Thin ascending limb
গ
১৭.
ECG localization of Lateral (LCX) STEMI
  1. ক
    V1–V2
  2. খ
    I, aVL
  3. গ
    II, III, aVF
  4. ঘ
    V7–V9, ST depression in V1–V3
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
I, aVL
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
I, aVL
খ
১৮.
Macula receives collateral blood supply from
  1. ক
    ACA
  2. খ
    MCA
  3. গ
    ICA
  4. ঘ
    Vertebral Artery
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
MCA
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
MCA
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Blood supply of macula:

1. Posterior Cerebral Artery
2. Middle Cerebral Artery

Snell 8th- 473
১৯.
Stimulatory of renin secretion
  1. ক
    Angiotensin II
  2. খ
    Increased Na+ and Cl¯ reabsorption across macula densa
  3. গ
    Vasopressin
  4. ঘ
    Prostaglandins
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Prostaglandins
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Prostaglandins
ঘ
২০.
Daily water turnover balance by stool
  1. ক
    100 ml
  2. খ
    150 ml
  3. গ
    200 ml
  4. ঘ
    300 ml
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
200 ml
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
200 ml
গ
২১.
Which of the followings is not a superficial cutaneous reflex?
  1. ক
    ক) Scapular reflex
  2. খ
    খ) Finger flexion reflex
  3. গ
    গ) Gluteal reflex
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Bulbocavernous reflex
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Finger flexion reflex
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Finger flexion reflex
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Superficial cutaneous reflexes are Scapular reflex, Upper abdominal reflex, Lower abdominal reflex, Cremasteric reflex, Gluteal reflex, Plantar reflex, Bulbocavernous reflex, Anal reflex.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Table- 142.2)
২২.
Which prevents fall of GFR?
  1. ক
    ক) Norepinephrine
  2. খ
    খ) Epinephrine
  3. গ
    গ) Endothelin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Angiotensin-2
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Angiotensin-2
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Angiotensin-2
ঘ
২৩.
Myocardial contractility is best correlated with the intracellular concentration of?
  1. ক
    ক) Na+
  2. খ
    খ) K+
  3. গ
    গ) Ca2+
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cl−
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Ca2+
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Ca2+
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Contractility of myocardial cells depends on the intracellular [Ca2+], which is regulated by Ca2+ entry across the cell membrane during the plateau of the action potential and by Ca2+ uptake into and release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Ca2+ binds to troponin C and removes the inhibition of actin–myosin interaction, allowing contraction (shortening) to occur.
২৪.
Post ganglionic neurotransmitter of sympathetic division
  1. ক
    ক) Acetylcholine
  2. খ
    খ) Adrenalin
  3. গ
    গ) Noradrenalin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Serotonin
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Noradrenalin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Noradrenalin
গ
২৫.
Spontaneous respiration is ceased by transection at
  1. ক
    Superior border of Pons
  2. খ
    Lower border of Pons
  3. গ
    Medulla
  4. ঘ
    Phrenic Nerve damage
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Medulla
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Medulla
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Ganong 26 : 645-646
২৬.
In type-2 DM
  1. ক
    ক) Low plasma insulin
  2. খ
    খ) Usually >30 yr
  3. গ
    গ) Normal insulin sensitivity
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Increased plasma glucose
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Usually >30 yr
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Usually >30 yr
খ
২৭.
Cytoskeleton filaments excludes:
  1. ক
    Microtubules
  2. খ
    intermediate filaments
  3. গ
    Microfilaments
  4. ঘ
    Centrioles
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Centrioles
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Centrioles
ঘ
২৮.
Which nucleus of hypothalamus controls circadian rhythm?
  1. ক
    ক) Supraoptic
  2. খ
    খ) Paraventricular
  3. গ
    গ) Anterior
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Suprachiasmatic
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Suprachiasmatic
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Suprachiasmatic
ঘ
২৯.
Lysosomes contain -
  1. ক
    ক) Hydrophobic enzymes
  2. খ
    খ) Hydrolytic enzymes
  3. গ
    গ) Pro enzymes
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Growth hormones
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Hydrolytic enzymes
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Hydrolytic enzymes
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Hydrolytic enzymes are highly concentrated in lysosomes. Ordinarily, the membrane surrounding the Lysosome prevents the enclosed hydrolytic enzymes from coming into contact with other substances in the cell and therefore prevents their digestive actions.
৩০.
Insulin secretion is increased in
  1. ক
    Fasting
  2. খ
    Somatostatin
  3. গ
    Leptin
  4. ঘ
    Obesity
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Obesity
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Obesity
ঘ
৩১.
Gas exchange unit of lung
  1. ক
    Alveolus
  2. খ
    Acinus
  3. গ
    Terminal brochiole
  4. ঘ
    Atrium
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Acinus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Acinus
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Davidson 24th
৩২.
Which of the following This region is concerned with setting posture at the start of a planned movement
  1. ক
    Motor Cortex
  2. খ
    PREMOTOR CORTEX
  3. গ
    Supplimentary Motor Cortex
  4. ঘ
    Parietal Cortex
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
PREMOTOR CORTEX
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
PREMOTOR CORTEX
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
PREMOTOR CORTEX
The premotor cortex is located anterior to the precentral gyrus, on the lateral and medial cortical surface; it contains a somatotopic map.
This region receives input from sensory regions of the parietal cortex and projects to M1, the spinal cord, and the brainstem reticular formation.
This region is concerned with setting posture at the start of a planned movement and with getting the individual prepared to move.
It is most involved in control of proximal limb muscles needed to orient the body for movement.
৩৩.
fuzzy appearing on LM is seen in
  1. ক
    Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
  2. খ
    Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
  3. গ
    Hairy cell leukemia
  4. ঘ
    Polycythemia vera
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Hairy cell leukemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Hairy cell leukemia
গ
৩৪.
Buckling shoe is controlled by
  1. ক
    S1 S2
  2. খ
    C2 C3 C4
  3. গ
    C5 C6
  4. ঘ
    L1
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
S1 S2
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
S1 S2
ক
৩৫.
Calculate Renal fraction where CO 5000 ml/min, RBF 1200 ml /min ,RPF 650 ml/min
  1. ক
    13%
  2. খ
    5.5%
  3. গ
    20%
  4. ঘ
    24%
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
24%
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
24%
ঘ
৩৬.
Most important characteristic of synaptic transmission-
  1. ক
    ক) Excitation
  2. খ
    খ) Synaptic delay
  3. গ
    গ) Summation
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) One-way conduction
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) One-way conduction
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) One-way conduction
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Most important characteristic of synaptic transmission is one way conduction
৩৭.
The glomerular capillaries cannot filtrate...?
  1. ক
    ক) Glucose
  2. খ
    খ) Plasma protein
  3. গ
    গ) Sodium
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Creatinine
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Plasma protein
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Plasma protein
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
The renal artery enters the kidney through the hilum and then branches progressively to form the interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries (also called radial arteries), and afferent arterioles, which lead to the glomerular capillaries, where large amounts of fluid and solutes (except the plasma proteins) are filtered to begin urine formation.
৩৮.
In a patient taking OCP which one is not correct about Iron profile
  1. ক
    Serum Iron - Normal
  2. খ
    Serum Ferritin - Normal
  3. গ
    TIBC - Increased
  4. ঘ
    % saturation of TIBC- Increased
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
% saturation of TIBC- Increased
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
% saturation of TIBC- Increased
ঘ
৩৯.
Normal Methomoglobin level in Hb is
  1. ক
    2
  2. খ
    1
  3. গ
    3
  4. ঘ
    0.6
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
0.6
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
0.6
ঘ
৪০.
Which is horse-shoe shape WBC:
  1. ক
    Neutrophil
  2. খ
    Eosinophil
  3. গ
    Basophil
  4. ঘ
    Monocyte
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Monocyte
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Monocyte
ঘ
৪১.
Membranous organelle
  1. ক
    ক) Ribosome
  2. খ
    খ) Lysosome
  3. গ
    গ) Cytoskeleton
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Centrioles
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Lysosome
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Lysosome
খ
৪২.
By opthalmoscope which structure cant be seen?
  1. ক
    Optic Disc
  2. খ
    Cornea
  3. গ
    Retina
  4. ঘ
    Blood vessels
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Cornea
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Cornea
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Structure seen through opthalmoscope:
1.Optic Disc
2.Retina
3.Blood vessels
4.Macula

Snell 8th-349
৪৩.
Which is the function of satellite cells in PNS?
  1. ক
    ক) Regulation of chemical environment of ECF around the PNS neurons
  2. খ
    খ) Provide myelination around the nerve fibers in PNS
  3. গ
    গ) Play important role in nerve regeneration
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Remove cellular debris during regeneration by phagocytic activity
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Regulation of chemical environment of ECF around the PNS neurons
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Regulation of chemical environment of ECF around the PNS neurons
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Schwann cells Provide myelination (insulation) around the nerve fibers in PNS , Play important role in nerve regeneration , Remove cellular debris during regeneration by their phagocytic activity. Satellite cells Provide physical support to the PNS neurons , help in regulation of chemical environment of ECF around the PNS neurons.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th Edition (Page- 774)
৪৪.
Thyroid hormone increases all of the following except
  1. ক
    ক) Gluconeogenesis
  2. খ
    খ) Glycogenolysis
  3. গ
    গ) Lipogenesis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Lipolysis
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Lipogenesis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Lipogenesis
গ
৪৫.
In the pain pathway-?
  1. ক
    ক) The principal receptor is the Meissner's corpuscle
  2. খ
    খ) The first order neuron is the pain receptor
  3. গ
    গ) The third order neuron projects from the thalamus
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Perception occurs in the secondary cortex
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) The third order neuron projects from the thalamus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) The third order neuron projects from the thalamus
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation-
Pain pathway-
- slow pain is carried by A-delta Fiber and fast pain is carried by C fiber and they form 1st order neuron
-Pain receptor is free nerve endings

৪৬.
Role of prolactin
  1. ক
    milk production
  2. খ
    Breast development
  3. গ
    Inhibits spermatogenesis
  4. ঘ
    Stimulates ovulation
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Stimulates ovulation
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Stimulates ovulation
ঘ
৪৭.
The average blood volume of adults is about ... litres?
  1. ক
    ক) 5
  2. খ
    খ) 7
  3. গ
    গ) 9
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 10
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) 5
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) 5
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
The average blood volume of adults is about 7% of body weight, or about 5 litres. About 60% of the blood is plasma and 40% is red blood cells, but these percentages can vary considerably in different people, depending on sex, weight, and other factors.
৪৮.
Maintenance of nearly constant internal environment is called
  1. ক
    ক) Hemostasis
  2. খ
    খ) Haemostasis
  3. গ
    গ) Homeostasis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) All of them
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Homeostasis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Homeostasis
গ
৪৯.
What is not the endogenous causes of Normochloremic metabolic acidosis-?
  1. ক
    ক) Diabetic ketoacidosis
  2. খ
    খ) Renal tubular acidosis
  3. গ
    গ) Lactic acidosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Renal failure
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Renal tubular acidosis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Renal tubular acidosis
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Endogenous causes of normochloremic metabolic acidosis are-
-Diabetic ketoacidosis
-Starvation ketosis
-Alcoholic ketoacidosis
-Lactic acidosis
-Kidney disease

৫০.
Which of the followings occur as a result of lesion of lateral fibers in left side of optic chiasma?
  1. ক
    ক) Bitemporal hemianopia
  2. খ
    খ) Binasal hemianopia
  3. গ
    গ) Left homonymous hemianopia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Left nasal hemianopia
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Left nasal hemianopia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Left nasal hemianopia
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation :
Lesion of left optic nerve: Total blindness of left eye.
Lesion of right optic nerve: Total blindness of right eye.
Lesion of lateral fibers in left side of optic chiasma: Left nasal hemianopia.
Lesion of lateral fibers in right side of optic chiasma: Right nasal hemianopia C + D.
Lesion of lateral fibers in both sides of optic chiasma: Binasal hemianopia.
Lesion of medial fibers in optic chiasma: Bitemporal hemianopia.
Lesion of left optic radiation: Right homonymous hemianopia.
Lesion of right optic radiation: Left homonymous hemianopia.nknown.

Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Figure-168.5)
৫১.
Pacemaker of heart
  1. ক
    SA node
  2. খ
    AV node
  3. গ
    RBB
  4. ঘ
    Purkinjie fibre
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
SA node
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
SA node
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
কোন ব্যাখ্যা যোগ হয় নি।
৫২.
Disturbance of taste sensation
  1. ক
    ক) Ageusia
  2. খ
    খ) Hypogeusia
  3. গ
    গ) Dysgeusia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hypergeusia
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Dysgeusia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Dysgeusia
গ
৫৩.
What is the feature of lower motor neuron lesion?
  1. ক
    ক) Spastic type of paralysis
  2. খ
    খ) Clonus absent
  3. গ
    গ) Fascicular twitch in EMG is absent
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Groups of muscles are affected
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Clonus absent
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Clonus absent
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :

Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Table-144.3)
৫৪.
Vasoconstrictor agent:
  1. ক
    Serotonin
  2. খ
    Epinephrine in liver
  3. গ
    Prostaglandin
  4. ঘ
    NO
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Serotonin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Serotonin
ক
৫৫.
Lymhpokine that induce Th 2 subset
  1. ক
    IL 1
  2. খ
    IL 2
  3. গ
    IL 4
  4. ঘ
    IL 17
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
IL 4
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
IL 4
গ
৫৬.
Cerebellum contain ______________ % of brain mass
  1. ক
    9
  2. খ
    10
  3. গ
    11
  4. ঘ
    12
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
11
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
11
গ
৫৭.
Kidney synthesize glucose by the process of
  1. ক
    Glycolysis
  2. খ
    Glycogenesis
  3. গ
    Gluconeogenesis
  4. ঘ
    Glucogenesis
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Gluconeogenesis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Gluconeogenesis
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
The kidneys synthesize glucose from amino acids and other precursors during prolonged fasting, a process referred to as gluconeogenesis. The kidneys’ capacity to add glucose to the blood during prolonged periods of fasting rivals that of the liver.
৫৮.
Which of the following area is concerned with the movement of eyes?
  1. ক
    ক) Primary visual area
  2. খ
    খ) Occipital eye field
  3. গ
    গ) Visual association area
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pretectal nucleus
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Occipital eye field
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Occipital eye field
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation : Three areas are present in visual cortex:
i. Primary visual area (area 17), which is concerned with the perception of visual impulses.
ii. Secondary visual area or visual association area (area 18), which is concerned with the interpretation of visual impulses.
iii. Occipital eye field (area 19), which is concerned with the movement of eyes (Chapter 152). Pretectal nucleus is concerned with light reflexes.

Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 991)
৫৯.
Dehydration increases the plasma concentration of all the following hormones except -?
  1. ক
    ক) Vasopressin.
  2. খ
    খ) Aldosterone.
  3. গ
    গ) Norepinephrine.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Atrial natriuretic peptide.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Atrial natriuretic peptide.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Atrial natriuretic peptide.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
ANP is called Hypervolemia hormone. It secretion increased during hypervolemia and decreased secretion during dehydration and volume depletion.
৬০.
Which gut hormone causes relaxation of sphincter of Oddi?
  1. ক
    ক) Gastrin
  2. খ
    খ) Secretin
  3. গ
    গ) CCK
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Ghrelin
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) CCK
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) CCK
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
CCK causes contraction of gallbladder & relaxation of sphincter of Oddi.
৬১.
Bulk transport system
  1. ক
    ক) Osmosis
  2. খ
    খ) Diffusion
  3. গ
    গ) Active transport
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Filtration
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Filtration
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Filtration
ঘ
৬২.
Sympathetic innervation causes constriction of
  1. ক
    ক) Ciliary muscle
  2. খ
    খ) GI smooth muscle
  3. গ
    গ) GI sphincter
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Gallbladder
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) GI sphincter
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) GI sphincter
গ
৬৩.
Uric acid is the metabolic waste product of
  1. ক
    Protein
  2. খ
    Neuclic acid
  3. গ
    Creatine
  4. ঘ
    Haemoglobin
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Neuclic acid
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Neuclic acid
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Important waste products excreted by kidneys
Urea from protein
Uric acid from nucleic acids
Creatinine from muscle creatine
Bilirubin from Hemoglobin breakdown

৬৪.
Octopetrin 1 is associated with__________ taste
  1. ক
    Sweet
  2. খ
    Umami
  3. গ
    Bitter
  4. ঘ
    Sour
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Sour
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Sour
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Sweet-tasting compounds are detected by a combination of two closely related G-protein-coupled taste receptors, T1R2 and T1R3.
The receptors responsible for umami taste is believed to be a complex of T1R1 and T1R3 proteins. Thus, T1R3 appears to function as a co- receptor for sweet and umami tastes.
Bitter taste is sensed by another family (T2R) of approximately 30 different G-protein coupled receptors. Individual bitter-sensing taste receptor cells express multiple T2Rs, each of which recognizes a unique set of bitter compounds.
Sour taste, associated with acidic food or drink, is believed to be sensed by ion channels that are opened by hydrogen ions although the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent studies suggest that an acid- sensitive potassium channel (KIR2.1) and a hydrogen ion-selective ion channel (otopetrin 1) may mediate acid responses in taste receptor cells
৬৫.
Lactase enzyme is derived from
  1. ক
    ক) Saliva
  2. খ
    খ) Stomach
  3. গ
    গ) Intestine
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pancreas
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Intestine
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Intestine
গ
৬৬.
Decreased globulin level is found in
  1. ক
    CLD
  2. খ
    RA
  3. গ
    CkD
  4. ঘ
    Emphysema
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Emphysema
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Emphysema
ঘ
৬৭.
Greater portion of CO2 trandsported to lung by binding with
  1. ক
    Hb
  2. খ
    Protein
  3. গ
    HCO3
  4. ঘ
    Freely
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
HCO3
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
HCO3
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
   
৬৮.
Pathognomic site of MSA
  1. ক
    Ependyma
  2. খ
    Oligodendrocyte
  3. গ
    Microglia
  4. ঘ
    Astrocyte
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Oligodendrocyte
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Oligodendrocyte
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
৬৯.
Which lens is used in myopia?
  1. ক
    ক) Biconcave
  2. খ
    খ) Biconvex
  3. গ
    গ) Cylindrical
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Both biconcave & biconvex
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Biconcave
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Biconcave
ক
৭০.
Effect of Antidiuretic hormone
  1. ক
    ক) H2O reabsorption
  2. খ
    খ) Na+ reabsorption
  3. গ
    গ) K+ reabsorption
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cl- reabsorption
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) H2O reabsorption
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) H2O reabsorption
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
ADH prevents diuresis. It increases reabsorption of H20.
৭১.
Which of the followings is true for neuromodulators?
  1. ক
    ক) Packed in small synaptic vesicles
  2. খ
    খ) Found only in axon terminal
  3. গ
    গ) Chemically they are amino acids,amine or others
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Have diverse actions
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Have diverse actions
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Have diverse actions
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :

Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Table- 141.3)
৭২.
Granulocytes except:
  1. ক
    Neutrophil
  2. খ
    eosinophil
  3. গ
    Monocyte
  4. ঘ
    Basophil
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Monocyte
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Monocyte
গ
৭৩.
Single best thyroid function test is measurement of
  1. ক
    T3
  2. খ
    T4
  3. গ
    TSH
  4. ঘ
    FT3
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
TSH
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
TSH
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
TSH is most sensitive thyroid function test.
৭৪.
Which one is responsible for pathogenesis of Epilepsy?
  1. ক
    Glycine
  2. খ
    GABA
  3. গ
    Glutamate
  4. ঘ
    Dopamine
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Glutamate
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Glutamate
গ
৭৫.
After massive blood transfusion in a patient, which of the following abnormality will occur?
  1. ক
    ক) Metabolic acidosis
  2. খ
    খ) Metabolic alkalosis
  3. গ
    গ) Respiratory acidosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Respiratory alkalosis
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Metabolic alkalosis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Metabolic alkalosis
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
After transfusion of stored blood citrate metabolized in body and Produce HCO3- leads to metabolic alkalosis (Citrate is anticoagulant in blood bag).
৭৬.
Climbing fibre is related to
  1. ক
    Pontocerebellar
  2. খ
    Vestibulocerebellar
  3. গ
    Olivocerebellar
  4. ঘ
    Cuneocerebellar
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Olivocerebellar
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Olivocerebellar
গ
৭৭.
Substances causing sour or salt tastes are mostly
  1. ক
    ক) Electrolyte
  2. খ
    খ) Non-electrolytes
  3. গ
    গ) Vitamins
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Fats
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Electrolyte
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Electrolyte
ক
৭৮.
Which findings is not match with hemophilia:
  1. ক
    Bleeding time-Normal
  2. খ
    Clotting time- prolonged
  3. গ
    APTT- Normal
  4. ঘ
    Platelet count- Normal
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
APTT- Normal
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
APTT- Normal
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Important findings :

1. Bleeding time-Normal
2. Clotting time- prolonged
3. APTT- prolonged
4. Prothrombin time- Normal
5. Platelet count- Normal
৭৯.
Antigen in RBC for O blood group:
  1. ক
    A
  2. খ
    B
  3. গ
    O
  4. ঘ
    No antigen
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
No antigen
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
No antigen
ঘ
৮০.
Most sensitive marker to asses severity of anemia
  1. ক
    CBC
  2. খ
    PBF
  3. গ
    Iron Profile
  4. ঘ
    Bone Marrow Examination
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
CBC
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
CBC
ক
৮১.
A person with … frequently has cyanosis?
  1. ক
    ক) Anaemia
  2. খ
    খ) Leukaemia
  3. গ
    গ) Polycythaemia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Purpura
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Polycythaemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Polycythaemia
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Definite cyanosis appears whenever the arterial blood contains more than 5 grams of deoxygenated hemoglobin in each 100 ml of blood. A person with anemia almost never becomes cyanotic. Conversely, in a person with Polycythemia vera frequently has cyanosis, even under otherwise normal conditions.
৮২.
Factors That Cause a Hypereffective Heart
  1. ক
    Increased arterial pressure against which the heart must pump
  2. খ
    Nervous excitation of the heart
  3. গ
    Valvular heart disease
  4. ঘ
    An inflammation of the heart muscle
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Nervous excitation of the heart
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Nervous excitation of the heart
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Factors That Cause a Hypoeffective Heart
► (1) Increased arterial pressure against which the heart must pump, such as in hypertension.
► (2) Inhibition of nervous excitation of the heart.
► (3) Pathological factors that cause abnormal heart rhythm or rate of heartbeat.
► (4) Coronary artery blockage, causing a "heart attack”.
► (5) Valvular heart disease.
► (6) Congenital heart disease.
► (7) Myocarditis, an inflammation of the heart muscle.
৮৩.
Nerves concerned with taste pathway excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Facial
  2. খ
    খ) Glossopharyngeal
  3. গ
    গ) Vagus
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hypoglossal
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Hypoglossal
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Hypoglossal
ঘ
৮৪.
A 65-year-old man presents with central crushing chest pain for the first time. He is transferred immediately to the closest cardiac unit to undergo a primary percutaneous coronary intervention. There is thrombosis of the left circumflex artery only. Angioplasty is carried out and a drug-eluding stent is inserted. What are the most likely changes to have occurred on ECG during admission?
  1. ক
    ST depression in leads V1-4
  2. খ
    ST elevation in leads V1-6
  3. গ
    ST depression in leads II, III and AVF
  4. ঘ
    ST elevation in leads V5-6
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ST elevation in leads V5-6
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ST elevation in leads V5-6
ঘ
৮৫.
Movement of chromosome during cell division
  1. ক
    ক) Ribosome
  2. খ
    খ) Centrosome
  3. গ
    গ) Proteosome
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Microtubule
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Centrosome
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Centrosome
খ
৮৬.
Laboratory findings in Conn's syndrome:
  1. ক
    Urinary potassium excretion decreased
  2. খ
    decreased plasma aldosterone
  3. গ
    Hypokalemia.
  4. ঘ
    Urinary aldosterone excretion decreased
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Hypokalemia.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Hypokalemia.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Laboratory findings in Conn's syndrome:
1.  Urinary potassium excretion increases
2.  Increased plasma aldosterone with decreased plasma renin concentration.
3.  Urinary aldosterone excretion increases.
4.  Hypokalemia.
৮৭.
Sucrase enzyme is derived from
  1. ক
    ক) Saliva
  2. খ
    খ) Stomach
  3. গ
    গ) Intestine
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pancreas
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Intestine
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Intestine
গ
৮৮.
100 % oxygen therapy is highly effective in-
  1. ক
    Hb deficiency
  2. খ
    Hypoventilation
  3. গ
    Shock
  4. ঘ
    Haemorrage
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Hypoventilation
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Hypoventilation
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Ganong 25th : 648-651
৮৯.
Which cell is a respiratory macrophage?
  1. ক
    ক) Kupffer cells
  2. খ
    খ) Histiocyte
  3. গ
    গ) Dust cells
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Langerhans cells
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Dust cells
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Dust cells
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Alveolar macrophages or dust cells are principal mononuclear phagocytes of the alveolar surface. It removes inhaled dust, bacteria and other particulate matter trapped in the pulmonary surfactant, thus providing a vital line of defense in the lungs.
৯০.
Excess GH secretion during adulthood may result in
  1. ক
    ক) Gigantism
  2. খ
    খ) Acromegaly
  3. গ
    গ) Dwarfism
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) DI
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Acromegaly
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Acromegaly
খ
৯১.
Which of the following is the site of highest airway resistance?
  1. ক
    ক) Trachea
  2. খ
    খ) Largest bronchi
  3. গ
    গ) Medium-sized bronchi
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Smallest bronchi
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Medium-sized bronchi
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Medium-sized bronchi
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
The medium-sized bronchi actually constitute the site of highest resistance along the bronchial tree. Although the small radii of the alveoli might predict that they would have the highest resistance, they do not because of their parallel arrangement. In fact, early changes in resistance in the small airways may be “silent” and go undetected because of their small overall contribution to resistance.
৯২.
Pepsinogen is activated by
  1. ক
    HCl
  2. খ
    Enterokinase
  3. গ
    Intrinsic factor of castle
  4. ঘ
    Trypsin
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
HCl
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
HCl
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Pepsin is secreted as inactive pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by hydrochloric acid. Optimum pH for activation of pepsinogen is below 6.
৯৩.
Most common site of lactic acid production is
  1. ক
    Gut
  2. খ
    Skin
  3. গ
    Skeletal muscle
  4. ঘ
    RBC
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Gut
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Gut
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Gut 50 %


ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 371
৯৪.
No of Sense Codon found in human
  1. ক
    3
  2. খ
    61
  3. গ
    64
  4. ঘ
    None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
61
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
61
খ
৯৫.
Romano-Ward syndrome is
  1. ক
    AD
  2. খ
    AR
  3. গ
    XLR
  4. ঘ
    XLD
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
AD
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
AD
ক
৯৬.
Last and Least choice for heart as metabolic fuel
  1. ক
    Ketone body
  2. খ
    Glucose
  3. গ
    Fatty acid
  4. ঘ
    Lactate
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Glucose
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Glucose
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 232

Last and Least choice for heart as metabolic fuel is glucose
৯৭.
In OSA ,which of the following stage time is increased?
  1. ক
    Stage 1 NREM
  2. খ
    Stage 2 NREM
  3. গ
    Stage 3 NREM
  4. ঘ
    Stage 4 NREM
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Stage 1 NREM
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Stage 1 NREM
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common cause of daytime sleepiness due to fragmented sleep at night; it affects about 24% of middle- aged men and 9% of women in the United States. Breathing ceases for more than 10 s during frequent episodes of obstruction of the upper airway (especially the pharynx) due to a reduction in muscle tone. The apnea causes brief arousals from sleep in order to reestablish upper airway tone. An individual with OSA typically begins to snore soon after falling asleep. The snoring gets progressively louder until it is interrupted by an episode of apnea, which is followed by a loud snort and gasp as the individual tries to breathe.
OSA is not associated with a reduction in total sleep time, but individuals with OSA experience a much greater time in stage 1 non-REM sleep (from an average of 10% of total sleep to 30-50%) and a marked reduction in slow-wave sleep (stages 3 and 4 non-REM sleep). The pathophysiology of OSA includes both a reduction in neuromuscular tone at the onset of sleep and a change in the central respiratory drive.
৯৮.
Nonspecific laboratory findings associated with hyperthyroidism
  1. ক
    Increased serum total cholesterol and LDL-C
  2. খ
    Increased TAG (Triacyl glycerol)
  3. গ
    Hyponatremia
  4. ঘ
    Hepatic dysfunction
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Hepatic dysfunction
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Hepatic dysfunction
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
 Nonspecific laboratory findings associated with hyperthyroidism

Ø  Decreased serum cholesterol, LDL-C & TAG.

Ø  Increased CPK (due to myopathy)

Ø  Hepatic dysfunction, e.g. raised ALT and ALP
৯৯.
Which step of urine formation occurs in glomerulus
  1. ক
    Glomerular filtration
  2. খ
    Tubular reabsorption
  3. গ
    Tubular secretion
  4. ঘ
    All
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Glomerular filtration
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Glomerular filtration
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Steps of urine formation
• Glomerular filtration
• Tubular reabsorption
• Tubular secretion.
Among these three processes filtration is the function of the glomerulus. Reabsorption and secretion are the functions of tubular portion of the nephron.

১০০.
Which of the following is a cause of metabolic alkalosis?
  1. ক
    ক) Chronic renal failure
  2. খ
    খ) Ethylene glycol ingestion
  3. গ
    গ) Treatment with acetazolamide
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hyperaldosteronism
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Hyperaldosteronism
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Hyperaldosteronism
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
A cause of metabolic alkalosis is hyperaldosteronism; increased aldosterone levels cause increased H+ secretion by the distal tubule and increased reabsorption of “new” HCO3–. Diarrhea causes loss of HCO3–from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and acetazolamide causes loss of HCO3–in the urine, both resulting in hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap. Ingestion of ethylene glycol and salicylate poisoning leads to metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap.