Active and Passive Voice

PrepBank · পাতা ৯ / ১৩ · ৮০১–৯০০ / ১,২৭৭

৮০১.

You might do something for me. (make it passive)

ক
ক) You may be done something for me.
খ
খ) You had be done something for me.
গ
গ) You might be done something for me.
ঘ
ঘ) You might be doing something for me.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) You might be done something for me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) You might be done something for me.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• বাক্যে May, might, can, could, must ইত্যাদি modal verb থাকলে
- Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- modal verb + be + past participle
যেমন:
Active: You might do something for me.
Passive: You might be done something for me.

৮০২.

Choose the correct passive voice:
Sumon hanged himself.

ক
Sumon hanged himself by himself.
খ
Himself was hanged by Sumon.
গ
Sumon was been hanged.
ঘ
Sumon was hanged by himself.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Sumon was hanged by himself.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Sumon was hanged by himself.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: Sumon hanged himself.
• Passive: Sumon was hanged by himself.

• Reflexive Object (myself, ourselves, yourself, himself, herself, themselves) যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার সময়:
- Reflexive Active: Subject + verb + himself/herself.
- Reflexive Passive: Subject + was/were + verb(past participle) + by + himself/herself.

- Active Voice এর Subject অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় Passive Voice এর Subject হিসেবে থাকে।
- Verb এর Past Participle (V₃) ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb (এখানে Past Indefinite তাই was) বসবে।
- Reflexive Object কে "by" পূর্বক যোগ করে Passive Voice এর শেষে বসাতে হবে।
- নিয়ম অনুযায়ী Correct Answer: Sumon was hanged by himself.

- Hanged: মানুষকে ফাঁসি দেওয়ার ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয় (এটি একটি নিয়মিত verb)।
- যেমন: The murderer was hanged. (খুনিকে ফাঁসি দেওয়া হলো)।
- Hung: কোনো কিছু ঝুলিয়ে রাখার ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন: He hung the picture on the wall. (সে ছবিটি দেয়ালে ঝুলিয়েছিল)।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮০৩.

Identify the correct passive form: I wanted you singing a song.

ক
ক) I was wanted singing a song by me.
খ
খ) I wanted you who was singing a song.
গ
গ) I wanted you and you were singing a song.
ঘ
ঘ) You were wanted singing a song by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) You were wanted singing a song by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) You were wanted singing a song by me.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Subject + Verb + Object + Present participle যুক্ত Active Voice-কে passive Voice-এ পরিণত করতে হলে নিয়মটি হলঃ
objectটি Subject হয় + Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb-এর past participle বসে + present participle যুক্ত অংশটি বসে + by বসে + Subjectটির objective form বসে।

৮০৪.

Our task had been submitted before sunset. (Active)

ক
We had submited our task before sunset.
খ
We have submitted our task before sunset.
গ
We submitted our task before sunset.
ঘ
We had submitted our task before sunset.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

We had submitted our task before sunset.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

We had submitted our task before sunset.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice: Our task had been submitted before sunset.
Active Voice: We had submitted our task before sunset. (অপশন 'ঘ')

• Past perfect tencse যুক্ত Passive Voice কে Active Voice করার নিয়ম -
→ প্রদও বাক্যটি paasive form- এ রয়েছে।
→ এখানে, object = us ঊহ্য রয়েছে।
→ সম্পূর্ণ sentence টি হচ্ছে - Our task had been submitted before sunset by us.

→ active voice- এ রূপান্তর করার সময় প্রথমে 'by' এর পরে object = us, active voice- এ subject = We রূপে বসবে।
→ by উঠে যাবে।
→ passive voice- এ auxiliary verb = had been, active voice- এ subject = We- এর পর 'had' হিসেবে বসবে।
→ 'had' এর পর principal verb = submit এর past participle form = submitted বসবে।
→ passive voice এর subject = Our task, active voice- এ object হিসেবে বসবে।
→ before sunset = extension হিসেবে active voice- এ বসবে।

৮০৫.

We ought to obey our guardians. (Change the voice)

ক
Our guardians must be obeyed by us.
খ
Our guardians ought to be obeyed by us.
গ
Our guardians were ought to be obeyed by us.
ঘ
Our guardians ought to be obeyed with us.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Our guardians ought to be obeyed by us.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Our guardians ought to be obeyed by us.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর- খ) Our guardians ought to be obeyed by us.

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice পরিবর্তন করার সময় এদের পরে be বসে এবং তার পরেই মূল Verb টির Past Participle বসে।

Structure: Object টির Subject form + may/might + be + মূল verb এর Past Participle + by + subject টির objective form.

যেমন-
Active: I may help you.
Passive: You may be helped by me

Active: We ought to obey our parents.
Passive: Our parents ought to be obeyed by us.

Source: Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৮০৬.

The passive form of: She decided to clean the house.

ক
The house was decided to be cleaned by her.
খ
She decided that the house to be cleaned.
গ
She decided that the house has to be cleaned.
ঘ
She decided that the house should be cleaned.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

She decided that the house should be cleaned.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

She decided that the house should be cleaned.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: She decided to clean the house.
- Passive: She decided that the house should be cleaned.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসে।
- Linker হিসেবে that বসে।
- Infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসে।
- should be বসে।
- Infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: Shomi decided to sell the house.
- Passive: Shomi decided that the house should be sold.

- Active: They agreed to sign the contract.
- Passive: They agreed that the contract should be signed.

৮০৭.

'I have bought the books' -বাক্যটির সঠিক পরিবর্তিত voice হবে __

ক
The books have been bought by me.
খ
The books had been bought by me.
গ
The books were bought by me.
ঘ
The books are bought by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The books have been bought by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The books have been bought by me.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice:
Active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি subject এ পরিণত হয়।
- have been বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি object এ পরিণত হয়।

সঠিক উত্তর: The books have been bought by me.

৮০৮.

The passive form of 'We called him a fool' is-

ক
He had been called a fool by us.
খ
He was called a fool by us.
গ
He is called a fool by us.
ঘ
He has been called a fool by us.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He was called a fool by us.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He was called a fool by us.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice - টিতে দুটি object রয়েছে।
- এর মধ্যে fool হচ্ছে উপাধি বাচক কর্ম (factitive object)।
- নিয়ম অনুযায়ী factitive object টি subject হিসেবে passive voice ব্যবহার করা যাবে না।
- এটি verb এর past participle এরপর বসে থাকে।
- The Factitive Object is used as a complement to the Transitive Verb.

• Factitive object যুক্ত past indefinite tense এর structure:
- Pronominal obj কে Sub + was/were + V3 + factitive obj + by + sub কে obj.

- সুতরাং প্রদত্ত বাক্যের Passive: He was called a fool by us.

৮০৯.

Who will complete the work? (Make it passive.)

ক
By whom will the work be completed?
খ
By whom will the work been completed?
গ
By whom will the work being completed?
ঘ
By whom will the work to be completed?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

By whom will the work be completed?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

By whom will the work be completed?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: Who will complete the work?
Passive Voice: By whom will the work be completed?

- Active sentence-এ Who থাকলে Passive-এ By whom হবে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসবে (will পরিবর্তিত হয়ে will be হয়)।
- Active-এর object, Passive-এ subject হবে।
- Main verb হবে past participle হবে।
- শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন (?) থাকবে।

More examples:
Active: Who will open the door?
Passive: By whom will the door be opened?

Other Options:
খ) By whom will the work been completed?
- been হবে না।

গ) By whom will the work being completed?
- being হবে না।

ঘ) By whom will the work to be completed?
- to be সঠিক নয়।

৮১০.

Mr. Minhaz teaches us English. (Make it Passive)

ক
We are being teaching English by Mr. Minhaz.
খ
We are taught English by Mr. Minhaz.
গ
English was taught to us by Mr. Minhaz.
ঘ
By Mr. Minhaz we are taught English.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

We are taught English by Mr. Minhaz.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

We are taught English by Mr. Minhaz.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Mr. Minhaz teaches us English - প্রদত্ত বাক্যে দুইটি object রয়েছে - us and English.
- এর voice change দুইভাবে করা সম্ভব -
- We are taught English by Mr. Minhaz
- English is taught to us by Mr. Minhaz

• Active voice এ double object থাকলে passive করার নিয়ম:
- দুটি object- এর যেকোনটি subject হিসেবে নেয়া হয় (ব্যক্তিবাচক object-টি পরিবর্তন করা ভাল)
- Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb
- Verb-এর past participle
- অন্য object
- by
- active voice-এর subject-টি object হিসেবে লেখা হয়।
- যেহেতু প্রশ্নে We are taught English by Mr. Minhaz রয়েছে, তাই এটাই সঠিক উত্তর।

৮১১.

The best passive form of the sentence 'Most people saw him as a sort of clown.' is :

ক
ক) He had been seen as a sort of clown.
খ
খ) They had seen him as a sort of clown.
গ
গ) He was seen as a sort of clown.
ঘ
ঘ) He has been seen as a sort of clown
ঙ
ঙ) He has mostly been seen as a clown.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) He was seen as a sort of clown.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) He was seen as a sort of clown.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice এর verb past indefinite হলে passive voice এর structure হবেঃ Obj কে sub + was/were + V3 + by + Sub এর obj form
তাই সঠিক passive form হবেঃ He was seen as a sort of clown.

৮১২.

Change the voice: Never tell a lie.

ক
Let never a lie be told.
খ
Never a lie be told.
গ
A lie be told never.
ঘ
Let a lie be told.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Let never a lie be told.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Let never a lie be told.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Never যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে -
- Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice এ করার নিয়ম:
- Let + never + object + be + past participle.

Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let never a lie be told.

৮১৩.

'All his pupils like him' বাক্যের সঠিক passive form-

ক
He was liked by all his pupils
খ
He is like by all his pupils
গ
He is being liked by all his pupils
ঘ
He is liked by all his pupils

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He is liked by all his pupils

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He is liked by all his pupils

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice কে Passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
1. Active Voice এর object টি Passive voice এর subject হয়
2. Tense ও Number Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb
3. মূল verb এর past participle
4. Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

নিয়ম অনুসারে,
Active: All his pupils like him
Passive: He is liked by all his pupils.

৮১৪.

When was Sadia born? (Make it active)

ক
By when was Sadia was born from her mother?
খ
By when was Sadia born?
গ
When did Sadia's mother bear her?
ঘ
When was Sadia being born?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

When did Sadia's mother bear her?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

When did Sadia's mother bear her?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive Voice এ যদি by + Object না থাকে এবং verb টি যদি পেশা বা নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর সাথে Related কাজ হয় তাহলে ঐ পেশাজীবী বা ঐ নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর নাম Subject হিসেবে বসাতে হবে।
যেমন:
Active: He was born in 1960.
Passive: His mother bore him in 1960.

Active: Water was irrigated.
Passive: Farmers irrigated water.

• তেমনি ভাবে, When was Sadia born? - এই বাক্যে - by + Object নেই, তাই নিয়মানুসারে একটি subject আনতে হবে।
- সঠিক উত্তর হবে - When did Sadia's mother bear her?

৮১৫.

The passive form of:
Were the boys flying kites?

ক
Were kites flown by the boys?
খ
Was kites being flown by the boys?
গ
Were kites been flown by the boys?
ঘ
Were kites being flown by the boys?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Were kites being flown by the boys?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Were kites being flown by the boys?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: Were the boys flying kites?
- Passive: Were kites being flown by the boys?

• Am/is/are/was/were +(verb+ing) যুক্ত Interrogative sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Am/is/are/was/were বসে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Auxiliary verb হিসেবে being বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- তারপর by + Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

• Structure:
- Active: Am/Is/Are + Subject + (verb+ing) + object?
- Passive: Am/Is/Are + Subject + being + past participle of verb +by+object?

• More examples:
Active: Is she cooking dinner?
Passive: Is dinner being cooked by her?

৮১৬.

Choose the correct passive voice:
Active: She gave me a gift.

ক
She was given a gift by me.
খ
I was given a gift by her.
গ
A gift is given to me by her.
ঘ
A gift was given her by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

I was given a gift by her.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

I was given a gift by her.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: I was given a gift by her.
- Active Voice Sentence: She gave me a gift.

•এই বাক্যে দুটি অবজেক্ট আছে, Passive Voice তৈরি করার নিয়ম:
- Structure (Double Object Active → Passive):
- Active: Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object.
- Passive (Indirect Object as Subject): Indirect Object + be verb + past participle + by + agent.

অন্যভাবে লিখা যায়:
- Active: Subject + gave + person + object.
- Passive: Person + was given + object + by + subject.
- তাই নিয়ম অনুসারে Correct Answer: She gave me a gift. → I was given a gift by her.

অন্যান্য অপশনের ব্যাখ্যা:
ক) She was given a gift by me. - বাংলা অর্থ উল্টো হয়েছে (আমি তাকে দিয়েছি)।
গ) A gift is given to me by her. - Tense ভুল (Present হয়েছে, Past হবে)।
ঘ) A gift was given her by me. - "to" বাদ পড়েছে এবং "by me" ভুল হয়েছে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮১৭.

We ought to have saved our environment. (Make it passive)

ক
Our environment ought to have saved.
খ
Our environment ought to have been saved.
গ
Our environment ought to have be saved.
ঘ
Our environment ought to had been saved.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Our environment ought to have been saved.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Our environment ought to have been saved.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: We ought to have saved our environment.
- Passive: Our environment ought to have been saved.

• Subject + Modals (might, could, would, must, ought to, used to, ইত্যাদি) + have + V3 যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice -এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে-
- প্রথমে Object + Modals + have + been + V3 + by + subject বসে।
- তবে We দ্বারা people/মানবজাতি বুঝালে, Passive voice -এ তা না বসালেও চলে।

- Structure: Object টির Subject form + Modals + have + been + মূল verb এর Past Participle + by + subject টির objective form.

More examples:
- Active: You should have done it.
- Passive: It should have been done by you.

৮১৮.

Change the voice: They have published all the details of the invention.

ক
The publication of the details of invention was done by them.
খ
All the details of the invention have been published by them.
গ
All the inventions have been detailed by them.
ঘ
All the details have been invented by the publishers.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

All the details of the invention have been published by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

All the details of the invention have been published by them.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Present perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম -
- Active voice এর Object এর subjective form
- number ও person অনুসারে have been/ has been বসবে
- verb এর past participle form বসবে
- by বসবে
- subject এর object form বসবে

• Subject + (has /have) + been + V3 + Other agents.

Correct answer: All the details of the invention have been published by them.

৮১৯.

'You are requested to open the door. 'The active form of the above sentence is -

ক
The door is to be opened.
খ
Let the door be opened.
গ
Please open the door.
ঘ
I requested you to open the door.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Please open the door.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Please open the door.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর base form হয়,
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।

• Passive voice এ “You are requested to” থাকলে active voice এ please/ kindlily ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Please open the door.

৮২০.

The passive voice of: The countries agreed to postpone the meeting.

ক
The countries agreed that the meeting should be postponed.
খ
The countries agreed that the meeting would postponed.
গ
The countries agreed that the meeting to be postponed.
ঘ
The meeting was agreed being postponed.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The countries agreed that the meeting should be postponed.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The countries agreed that the meeting should be postponed.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: The countries agreed to postpone the meeting.
- Passive: The countries agreed that the meeting should be postponed.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice -এর subject ও verb অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- that বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসে।
- should be বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: We agreed to follow the instructions.
- Passive: We agreed that the instructions should be followed.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৮২১.

Change the voice: 'She has pulled down the curtain.'

ক
ক) The curtain had been pulled down by her
খ
খ) The curtain had pulled down by her
গ
গ) The curtain pulled down by her
ঘ
ঘ) The curtain has been pulled down by her

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) The curtain has been pulled down by her

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) The curtain has been pulled down by her

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Present perfect tense এর ক্ষেত্রে Passive structure হলো- Subject (object থেকে আসা) + have been / has been + v3 + by + object (subject থেকে আসা)৷
তাহলে প্রদত্ত বাক্যটির passive form: The curtain has been pulled down by her.

৮২২.

The lady drank champagne and ate salmon. (Make it Passive)

ক
The lady Champagne was drunk and ate salmon.
খ
Champagne was drunk and ate salmon.
গ
Champagne was drunk and salmon was eaten by the lady.
ঘ
The drank champagne and eaten by the lady.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Champagne was drunk and salmon was eaten by the lady.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Champagne was drunk and salmon was eaten by the lady.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• The lady drank champagne and ate salmon.
- বাক্যটি একটি Compound Sentence.

• Rule for Compound Sentences:
- এক্ষেত্রে দুটি Clause- এর Voice পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- গঠন নিয়মানুসারে ১ম Clause- টির Voice পরিবর্তন+ Active বাক্যের Co-ordinating Conjunction (and, but, or ইত্যাদি)- টি+ শেষ Clause টির নিয়মানুযায়ী Voice পরিবর্তন।

Note: দুটি Clause-এর Sub. একই হলে Perp. + Obj. Passive বাক্যের শেষে বসে।

Active: The old man shot a bird but god forgave him.
Passive: A bird was shot by the old man but he was forgiven (by god).

Active: The lady drank champagne and ate salmon.
Passive: Champagne was drunk and salmon was eaten by the lady.

৮২৩.

I was born in 1971. (Make it Active)

ক
ক) 1971 bore me.
খ
খ) In 1971 I was born.
গ
গ) Mother bore me in 1971.
ঘ
ঘ) My mother bear me in 1971.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Mother bore me in 1971.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Mother bore me in 1971.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

এখানে Subject নেই। তাই কাজ অনুযায়ী Subject আনা হয়েছে mother.
এবং মুল sentence - past form এ থাকার কারণে active form এর verb টি ও past form এ বসবে অর্থাৎ, bore হবে।
Mother, father ইত্যাদি Possessive Pronoun ছাড়া ব্যবহৃত হলে সেটা দিয়ে বক্তার Mother, father ইত্যাদিকে বুঝায়।

৮২৪.

We will explain how we did it. (Make it passive)

ক
How we did it will be explained from us.
খ
How we did it will be explained by us.
গ
It will be explained by us that how it be done.
ঘ
How we do it will be explained by us.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

How we did it will be explained by us.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

How we did it will be explained by us.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active Voice: We will explain how we did it.
• Passive Voice: How we did it will be explained by us. (অপশন 'খ')

• Future Indefinite যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম -
→ প্রথমে object = how we did it, passive voice- এ subject রূপে বসবে।
→ Passive voice- এ How we did it এর পর shall/will + be বসবে।
→ এরপর verb = explain এর past participle form = explained বসবে।
→ এরপর by বসবে।
→ 'by' এরপর active voice এর subject = We, passive voice এ object = us রূপে বসে।

৮২৫.

The active form of the sentence: "By whom can our country be saved?"

ক
Who will save our country?
খ
Who save our country?
গ
Who can save our country?
ঘ
Our country has been saved by who?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Who can save our country?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Who can save our country?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

→ (44th BCS Preli)
- Active Voice: By whom can our country be saved?
- Passive Voice: Who can save our country?

• Passive Voice এ By whom থাকলে Active Voice করতে হলে–
- Subject হিসেবে Who বসে।
- কোনো Modal Auxiliary থাকলে তা who এর পরে বসবে। (এখানে, can বসেছে)
- 'be' বাদ যাবে।
- বাদ যাওয়া 'be verb' যে form এ ছিল, মূল Verb- ঐ form এ বসবে।
- এখানে be verb – Base Form এ ছিল, তাই মূল verb ও base form এ বসবে।
- Passive Voice এর Subject - Object হয়ে বসবে।

More examples:
Active Voice: By whom was this masterpiece painted?
Passive Voice: Who painted this masterpiece?

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৮২৬.

I saw him cross the road. (passive)

ক
He had been seen to cross the road to me.
খ
He was seen to cross the road by me.
গ
He was seen crossing road by me.
ঘ
He is seen to cross the road by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He was seen to cross the road by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He was seen to cross the road by me.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Need, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch ইত্যাদি verb গুলোর পর Active voice এর উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পর 'to' বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Object -কে Subject করতে হবে।
- Tense ও subject অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb (was) বসে।
- তারপর মূল Verb -এর Past Participle বসবে।
- তারপর Active voice -এ উহ্য থাকা to বসবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- শেষে by + Active voice -এর Subject টি Object হবে।

Active: He made me do the work.
- এখানে Active voice এ 'made' থাকায় passive করার সময় 'to' বসবে।
Passive: I was made to do the work by him.

Active: I saw him cross the road.
- এখানে Active voice এ 'saw' থাকায় passive করার সময় 'to' বসবে।
Passive: He was seen to cross the road by me.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

৮২৭.

Transform the given sentence from passive to active voice: "How can this be done?"

ক
How can you be doing this?
খ
How can this do you?
গ
How can you do this?
ঘ
How can you do this by?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

How can you do this?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

How can you do this?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Answer: c) How can you do this?

• How দ্বারা শুরু Interrogative Sentence কে Active voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
→ How + auxiliary verb + object + Verb- এর past participle form + by + active এর subject + question mark (?)

Example:
Active Voice: How can you do this?
Passive Voice: How can this be done by you?

• How দ্বারা শুরু Interrogative Sentence কে Passive Voice থেকে Active voiceকরার নিয়ম:
How + Modal verb + passive voice এর object + verb এর present form + passive voice এর subject.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain, Live MCQ English Wizard, Saleh Ahmed

৮২৮.

Citizens ought to obey the laws of the land. (Make it passive)

ক
The laws of the land ought to being obeyed by citizens.
খ
The laws of the land ought to been obeyed by citizens.
গ
The laws of the land ought to be obeyed by citizens.
ঘ
The laws of the land ought be obeyed by citizens.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The laws of the land ought to be obeyed by citizens.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The laws of the land ought to be obeyed by citizens.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় এদের পরে be বসে এবং তার পরেই মূল verb- এর Past Participle বসে।

Structure: Object টির subject form + may/ might/can/could/must/ought to/going to + be + মূল verb- এর Past Participle + Subject- টির Object form.

Active Voice: Citizens ought to obey the laws of the land.
Passive Voice: The laws of the land ought to be obeyed by citizens.

৮২৯.

We hope that we will finish the work. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) It is hoped that we will finish the work.
খ
খ) We hoped that we will finish the work.
গ
গ) It is hoped that the work will be finished.
ঘ
ঘ) None above

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) It is hoped that the work will be finished.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) It is hoped that the work will be finished.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে: It is hoped that the work will be finished.
- Complex sentence এর voice পরিবর্তনে উভয় clause - এরই পরিবর্তন করতে হয়। এরূপ ক্ষেত্রে কখনো কখনো introductory 'It' ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- এক্ষেত্রে উভয় clause এ ভিন্ন ভিন্ন tense থাকায় নিয়ম অনুযায়ি পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে।

Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition by P. C. Das.

৮৩০.

'Does he speak English well?' বাক্যটির সঠিক Passive form-

ক
Is English spoke well by him?
খ
Is English spoken well to him?
গ
Is English spoken well by him?
ঘ
Was English spoken well by him?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Is English spoken well by him?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Is English spoken well by him?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি Present Indefinite Tense এ রয়েছে।
- Present Indefinite Tense যুক্ত Interrogative sentence কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- am/is/are বাক্যের প্রথমে বসে
- subject
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle হবে।

- সুতরাং, সঠিক উত্তর Is English spoken well by him?

৮৩১.

Change the voice:
Let him be told to go.

ক
Let you go
খ
Tell him to go
গ
You go
ঘ
Go

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Tell him to go

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Tell him to go

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Let দ্বারা passive sentence শুরু হলে সেটা দ্বারা সাধারণত imperative sentence বুঝায়। এবং প্রশ্নোক্ত sentence এ verb ‘told’ হওয়ায় এর সঠিক active voice হবে ‘Tell him to go’.

৮৩২.

What do you know about him? (Make it passive)

ক
What is known to you about him?
খ
What is known to him by you?
গ
What about him is known to you?
ঘ
What is done by you to known to him?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

What is known to you about him?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

What is known to you about him?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: What do you know about him?
- Passive: What is known to you about him?

• এখানে What হচ্ছে object এবং you হচ্ছে Subject.
- Wh Word Sub/Obj যাই হোক না কেন এটা বাক্যের প্রথমে থাকে।
- তাই Passive হলে What – Sub হবে।
- Do Auxiliary Verb হিসেবে থাকলে এর পরিবর্তে Number Person অনুযায়ী am/is/are বসে।
- তার পর মূল Verb এর PP বসে।
- Known এর পর Preposition হিসেবে to বসাতে হয়।

৮৩৩.

They made us finish the project.
Choose the correct Passive form:

ক
We had been made finish the project by them.
খ
We were made to finish the project by them.
গ
We were made finish the project by them.
ঘ
We were being made to finish the project by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

We were made to finish the project by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

We were made to finish the project by them.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) We were made to finish the project by them.

• Need, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch ইত্যাদি verb গুলোর পর Active voice এর 'to' উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পর 'to' বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Object -কে Subject করতে হবে।
- Tense ও subject অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb (were) বসে।
- তারপর মূল Verb -এর Past Participle বসবে।
- তারপর Active voice -এ উহ্য থাকা to বসবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- শেষে by + Active voice -এর Subject টি Object হবে।

Active: They made us finish the project.
- এখানে Active voice এ 'made' থাকায় passive করার সময় 'to' বসবে।
Passive: We were made to finish the project by them.

Other Options:
ক) We had been made finish the project by them.
- Wrong tense (past perfect used unnecessarily)
- finish এর আগে to নেই।

গ) We were made finish the project by them.
- Passive voice-এ to বাধ্যতামূলক।

ঘ) We were being made to finish the project by them.
- “were being” which is continuous passive, কিন্তু Active sentence continuous নয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

৮৩৪.

Change the voice: What do you want?

ক
What is wanting by you?
খ
What is wanted by you?
গ
What is being wanted by you?
ঘ
What was wanted by you?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

What is wanted by you?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

What is wanted by you?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?

What যুক্ত interrogative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- What প্রথমে বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Subject টির objective form বসে।
- প্রশ্নবোধক (?) চিহ্ন বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৩৫.

People say that knowledge is power. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) It is said by the people that knowledge is power.
খ
খ) knowledge is power is said by the people.
গ
গ) It is said that knowledge is power.
ঘ
ঘ) It is said knowledge is power by the people.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) It is said that knowledge is power.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) It is said that knowledge is power.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice এ people + stative verb (know, think, understand, know, find, say, etc) + that + clause থাকলে, passive করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে -
- It is /was (tense অনুযায়ী) + প্রদত্ত verb এর past participle form + that + clause টি।

সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Active: People say that knowledge is power.
• Passive: It is said that knowledge is power.

৮৩৬.

The correct passive form of: "My mentor embodies all the good qualities."

ক
All the good qualities are embodied on my mentor.
খ
All the good qualities are embodied to my mentor.
গ
All the good qualities are embodied by my mentor
ঘ
All the good qualities are embodied in my mentor.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

All the good qualities are embodied in my mentor.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

All the good qualities are embodied in my mentor.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: My mentor embodies all the good qualities.
- Passive: All the good qualities are embodied in my mentor.

• Present indefinite tense - এর assertive sentence -এর active voice -কে passive voice -করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
- তারপর Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb (am/is/are) বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- তারপর preposition (by, with, to, at, in etc. বসবে)।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়ে যায়।

• সাধারণত, আমরা জানি passive voice এ obj এর পূর্বে preposition হিসেবে by বসে।
- তবে কিছু verb আছে যেগুলোর পরে passive এ in বসে।
- যেমন: Embody, Contain, Include, ইত্যাদি।

Source:
1. A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৮৩৭.

Who has done the work? [Passive]

ক
By whom has the work done?
খ
By whom has the work been done?
গ
By whom has the work being done?
ঘ
By whom has the work be done?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

By whom has the work been done?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

By whom has the work been done?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active Voice: Who has done the work?
Passive Voice: By whom has the work been done?

Active: Who has painted the wall?
Passive: By whom has the wall been painted?

৮৩৮.

Change the voice-
Do not play football at noon.

ক
ক) Do not football be played at noon.
খ
খ) Let not football played at noon.
গ
গ) Let football be played at noon.
ঘ
ঘ) Let not football be played at noon.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) Let not football be played at noon.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) Let not football be played at noon.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

'Do not play football at noon.'- এটি একটি Imperative Sentence.

• Do not দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice এর Passive Voice কে রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
প্রথমে Let not বসে + Object টি Subject রূপে বসে + be বসে + মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে + বাকী অংশ।

Active Voice: Do not play football at noon.
passive Voice: Let not football be played at noon.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৩৯.

Identify the correct passive form.
He recommended using bullet proof glass.

ক
He recommended that bullet proof glass should be used.
খ
He recommended that we should use bullet proof glass.
গ
Bullet proof glass should be used by him.
ঘ
Using bullet proof glass is recommended by him.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

He recommended that bullet proof glass should be used.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

He recommended that bullet proof glass should be used.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Advise/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
• Structure:
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + gerund এর পরের object টি + should be + প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে verb এর past participle form বসে।
- Active: He recommended using bullet proof glass.
- Passive: He recommended that bullet proof glass should be used.
- এ বাক্যে active voice এর subject হচ্ছে He.
- তারপর মূল verb বসেছে + that.
- gerund এর পরের object টি হচ্ছে bullet proof glass.
- গঠন অনুসারে should be বসবে।
- এরপর প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে verb এর past participle form - used বসে।

• এ জাতীয় আরোও একটি উদাহরণ হচ্ছে -
- Active: He suggested giving up smoking.
- Passive: He suggested that smoking should be given up.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৪০.

She plucked some flowers. (passive)

ক
Some flowers are plucked by her.
খ
Some flowers were plucked by her.
গ
She was plucked some flowers.
ঘ
Some flowers had been plucked by her.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Some flowers were plucked by her.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Some flowers were plucked by her.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Past Indefinite tense কে passive করতে হলে -Active voice এর object +was/were+v এর(past participle)+by+subject এর object.- সুতরাং Some flowers were plucked by her. সঠিক ।
-Some flowers are plucked by her.বাক্যটি Past Indefinite এ থাকায় auxiliary verb are এর স্থলে were বসবে ।
- Some flowers had been plucked by her. past indefinite tense এর voice past perfect করা হয়েছে যা সঠিক নয় ।
- She was plucked some flowers. এই বাক্যে subject She কে object করা হয় তাই এটি ভুল ।

Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition by P. C. Das

৮৪১.

The teacher made the students write an essay. (Make it passive)

ক
The students were made write an essay by the teacher.
খ
The students are made to write an essay by the teacher.
গ
The students were made to write an essay by the teacher.
ঘ
The students have been made to write an essay by the teacher.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The students were made to write an essay by the teacher.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The students were made to write an essay by the teacher.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: The teacher made the students write an essay.
- Passive: The students were made to write an essay by the teacher.

• Need, bid, dare, make, let, know, hear, feel, behold, watch ইত্যাদি verb গুলোর পর Active voice এর ‘to’ উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পর 'to' বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Object -কে Subject করতে হবে।
- Tense ও subject অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb (was) বসে।
- তারপর মূল Verb -এর Past Participle বসবে।
- তারপর Active voice -এ উহ্য থাকা to বসবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- শেষে by + Active voice -এর Subject টি Object হবে।

More examples:
- Active: Our parents made us study hard.
- Passive: We were made to study hard by our parents.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

৮৪২.

Were you cleaning the house? (Passive voice)

ক
Had the house being cleaned by you?
খ
Was the house cleaned by you?
গ
Were the house cleaned by you?
ঘ
Was the house being cleaned by you?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Was the house being cleaned by you?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Was the house being cleaned by you?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice: Were you cleaning the house?
Passive voice: Was the house being cleaned by you?

• Auxiliary verb যুক্ত Interrogative sentence কে passive করতে গেলে দুই ধাপে করতে হয়।
- প্রথমেই বাক্যটিকে Assertive এ রূপান্তরিত করে নিতে হয়।
- এরপর passive voice এর Assertive sentence টি কে Interrogative sentence এ পরিণত করতে হয়।
- যেমন- Were you cleaning the house? এর Assertive হচ্ছে You were cleaning the house.

• Assertive sentence এর active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম -
- Active voice এর object Passive voice এর Subject হবে + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসবে + মূল verb এর past participle form + Active voice এর subject টি passive এ object হিসাবে বসে এবং তার পূর্বে preposition by বসে।

• Past Continuous Tense এর interrogative sentence কে passive voice করার জন্য structure:
- Was/were +Subject + being + past participle of verb +by +object?
- আলোচ্য passive voice এর বাক্যে subject ‘a movie’ third person singular number হওয়ায় auxiliary verb ‘Was’ হয়েছে।

৮৪৩.

Make it passive: Never break a promise.

ক
Let never a promise be broken.
খ
Let a promise be broke.
গ
Never a promise be broken by you.
ঘ
Let never a promise broken.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Let never a promise be broken.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Let never a promise be broken.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Never যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে -
- Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice এ করার নিয়ম:
- Let + never + object + be + past participle.

Active: Never break a promise.
Passive: Let never a promise be broken.

৮৪৪.

Identify the correct passive form of the sentence below: 'Do you know them?'

ক
Are they known by you?
খ
Would they be known by you?
গ
Are they known with you?
ঘ
Are they known to you?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Are they known to you?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Are they known to you?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

→[39th BCS Preliminary]

Active voice: Do you know them?
Passive form: Are they known to you?

• Active voice কে Passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb,
- মূল verb এর past participle,
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to ,in) বসে।
- আর known এর পর preposition to ব্যবহৃত হয়।

৮৪৫.

Her negative attitude and teamwork worried us. (Make it passive)

ক
We were worried by her negative attitude and teamwork.
খ
We were worried about her negative attitude and teamwork.
গ
We were worried with her negative attitude and teamwork.
ঘ
We were worried at her negative attitude and teamwork.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

We were worried about her negative attitude and teamwork.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

We were worried about her negative attitude and teamwork.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• কিন্তু ব্যতিক্রম হিসাবে সাধারণত worried এর পরে passive voice এ about বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Active Voice: Her negative attitude and teamwork worried us.
- Passive voice: We were worried about her negative attitude and teamwork.

৮৪৬.

Change the voice: ''She is going to start a business.''

ক
A business is going to be started by her.
খ
A business will be started by her.
গ
A business is being gone started by her.
ঘ
She is being gone to start a business.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

A business is going to be started by her.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

A business is going to be started by her.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Going to যুক্ত বাক্যের passive করার নিয়ম -
- Structure:
Active voice: Subject + be verb + going to + present form of the verb + object.
Passive voice: Object + be verb + going to + be + verb এর past participle + subject.

তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী-
''She is going to start a business.'' এর passive হবে - A business is going to be started by her.

Source: A passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮৪৭.

The man refused her. (Make it passive)

ক
She was being refused by the man.
খ
She was refused by the man.
গ
She was refused to the man.
ঘ
She is refused by the man

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

She was refused by the man.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

She was refused by the man.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: The man refused her.
Passive Voice: She was refused by the man.

• Past indefinite tense যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম -
- প্রথমে object her, passive voice- এ subject She, রূপে বসেছে।
- Passive voice- এ subject She এর পর active voice- এর tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb was বসেছে।
- 'was' এরপর principal verb-এর past participle form refused বসেছে।
- refused এরপর by বসেছে।
- 'by' এরপর active voice এর subject The man, passive voice এ object tha man রূপে বসেছে।

৮৪৮.

Which of the following sentences is correct passive form?

ক
ক) She couldn’t still be being interviewed.
খ
খ) The photocopier may be being repaired.
গ
গ) It must be being done now.
ঘ
ঘ) All of the above

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) All of the above

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) All of the above

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Modal continuous passive form এর উদাহরণ হলো:
- She couldn’t still be being interviewed.
- The photocopier may be being repaired.
- It must be being done now.

Source: Cambridge Dictionary

৮৪৯.

'I shall do the work' -বাক্যটির সঠিক পরিবর্তিত voice হবে -

ক
The work is to be done by you.
খ
The work will be done by you.
গ
The work will be done by me.
ঘ
The work has been done by you.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The work will be done by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The work will be done by me.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Future indefinite tense জাতীয় বাক্যের passive from হবে:
- প্রথমে Object এর subjective form বসে।
- be বসে।
- verb এর Past participle form বসে।
- by/at/with বসে।
- Subject এর objective form বসে।

Example:
Active: I shall do the work.
Passive: The work will be done by me.

সেই অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর, The work will be done by me.

৮৫০.

Who was cheated by him? (Make it active)

ক
Who did he cheat?
খ
Whom he cheated?
গ
Whom did he cheated?
ঘ
By whom did he cheat?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Who did he cheat?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Who did he cheat?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Who = কে, কারা, কাকে, কাদেরকে
অর্থাৎ who - whom অর্থেও ব্যবহৃত হয়। Passive Voice এ Who - Subject হিসেবে থাকলে Active Voice এ তা Object হয়ে who/ whom বসবে।
প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যে wh word ছাড়া অন্য যে কোনো Subject থাকলে Subject এর পূর্বে Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়। এ হিসেবে, বাক্যটা Past Indefinite Tense হওয়ায় Active Voice এ যখন he- Subject হয়ে আসবে, তখন Auxiliary Verb হিসেবে Subject এর পূর্বে did বসাতে হবে।

৮৫১.

Select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive/Active Voice.
Cocoa is bitter when it is tasted.

ক
Cocoa is bitter.
খ
Cocoa tastes bitter.
গ
Cocoa's taste is bitter.
ঘ
Cocoa tasted better.
ঙ
None of the above

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Cocoa tastes bitter.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Cocoa tastes bitter.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Here, passive voice is given.
So, we change it into an active voice.
Since simple present tense is used, thus the tense remains the same while changing voice.
Hence, option 4 is incorrect.
Now, the word 'taste' is used as a verb. Thus, option 2 is the correct answer.

৮৫২.

Change the voice: "John has painted a beautiful picture."

ক
A beautiful picture paints by John.
খ
A beautiful picture was painted by John.
গ
A beautiful picture have painted by John.
ঘ
A beautiful picture has been painted by John.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

A beautiful picture has been painted by John.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

A beautiful picture has been painted by John.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: ঘ) A beautiful picture has been painted by John.

Present perfect tense এর passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Object টি subjective form + have been/ has been + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.

Present Perfect Passive Voice:
- Object + has/have been + Past participle + by + Subject

সে অনুসারে,
Active voice: John has painted a beautiful picture.
Passive voice: A beautiful picture has been painted by John.

অন্য অপশনগুলো:
ক) A beautiful picture paints by John. → এখানে tense ভুল; paints simple present, কিন্তু active বাক্য present perfect।

খ) A beautiful picture was painted by John. → এটি past indefinite tense-এর passive, present perfect নয়।

গ) A beautiful picture have painted by John. → singular subject picture এর সাথে has been বসবে, have painted নয়।

আরও কিছু উদাহরণ:
Active voice: The boy has broken the glass.
Passive voice: The glass has been broken by the boy.
Active voice: They will finish the work tomorrow.
Passive voice: The work will be finished by them tomorrow.

৮৫৩.

They will show him the way. (make it passive)

ক
He will have been shown the way by them.
খ
He will had been shown the way by them.
গ
He will be shown the way by them.
ঘ
He will show the way by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He will be shown the way by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He will be shown the way by them.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: They will show him the way.
Passive: He will be shown the way by them.
- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নে যে বাক্য রয়েছে, সেখানে Double object রয়েছে।

• Double Object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- দু'টি object এর যেকোন একটিকে Passive voice এর Subject করতে হয় (তবে ব্যক্তিবাচক অর্থাৎ Indirect object-কে subject করাই শ্রেয়)
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- প্রদত্ত মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে,
- মূল বাক্যটি Future Indefinite Tense থাকলে "Will be + মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে,
- প্রদত্ত বাকী object টি বসে,
- by বসে,
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject টি object রূপে বসে।

• Other option:
ক) He will have been shown the way by them.
- এটি ভুল, কারণ এখানে মূল বাক্যটি Future Indefinite tense এ রয়েছে। তাই "Will be + মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে"।

খ) He will had been shown the way by them.
- এটি ভুল, কারণ এখানে মূল বাক্যটি Future Indefinite tense এ রয়েছে। তাই "Will be + মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে"।

ঘ) He will show the way by them.
- এটি ভুল, কারণ এখানে মূল বাক্যটি Future Indefinite tense এ রয়েছে। তাই "Will be + মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে"।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৮৫৪.

Identify the correct passive form of 'She is going to do the homework'.

ক
ক) She is being gone to do the homework.
খ
খ) The homework is being gone done by her.
গ
গ) The homework is going to done by her.
ঘ
ঘ) The homework is going to be done by her.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) The homework is going to be done by her.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) The homework is going to be done by her.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Be going to যুক্ত Sentence এর Passive করার সময় be going to + be + verb এর past participle হয়।

৮৫৫.

He hurt himself. (Change the voice.)

ক
He had hurt by himself.
খ
He was hurten by himself.
গ
He was hurt by himself.
ঘ
He was hurt.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He was hurt by himself.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He was hurt by himself.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Reflexive Pronoun (myself, yourself, himself, herself, themselves, ourselves etc) যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice করতে হলে।
- Active voice - এর subject অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- reflexive object টি বসে।।

Active Voice: He hurt himself.
Possive voice: He was hurt by himself.

৮৫৬.

Who is repairing the car? [Passive]

ক
Whom is the car being repaired?
খ
By whom is the car being repaired?
গ
By whom is the car to be repaired?
ঘ
By whom is the car be repaired?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

By whom is the car being repaired?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

By whom is the car being repaired?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Present Continuous Tense passive voice করার structure নিম্ন রূপ:
- Active form এর object + am/is/are + being + verb এর past participle + Active form এর Subject এর Objective form + extension.
- Interrogative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Passive voice এ প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যে রূপান্তর করতে হয়।
- Interrogative sentence এ who এর পরিবর্তে by whom হবে।

Active Voice: Who is calling me?
Passive Voice: By whom am I being called?

Active: Who is repairing the car?
Passive: By whom is the car being repaired?

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English.

৮৫৭.

The company agreed to invest in renewable energy. (Change the voice)

ক
The company agreed that renewable energy being invested.
খ
The company agreed that renewable energy should be invested in.
গ
The company agreed that renewable energy to be invested in.
ঘ
The company agreed that renewable energy to be invested.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The company agreed that renewable energy should be invested in.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The company agreed that renewable energy should be invested in.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: The company agreed to invest in renewable energy.
• Passive: The company agreed that renewable energy should be invested in.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- Conjunction হিসেবে that বসবে।
- Infinitive -এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive -এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

• Structure: subject + verb অপরিবর্তিত + that + object + should be + V₃of infinitive.

• More Example:
- Active: Proma decided to sell the house.
- Passive: Proma decided that the house should be sold.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৮৫৮.

Choose the correct voice from the following. 'Minu sings a song'

ক
A song is sung by Minu.
খ
A song is sing by Minu
গ
A song is being sing by Minu
ঘ
A song was sing by Minu

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

A song is sung by Minu.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

A song is sung by Minu.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:

• Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
• Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
• তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
• Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
• তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active voice: 'Minu sings a song'
Passive voice: A song is sung by Minu.

৮৫৯.

Change the voice of the following sentence:
The soup tastes hot.

ক
The soup is hot when it is tasted.
খ
The soup is hot when it tastes.
গ
The soup tastes hot when it is tasted.
ঘ
The soup is hot and tastes.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The soup is hot when it is tasted.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The soup is hot when it is tasted.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ক) The soup is hot when it is tasted.

Quasi- Passive Voice
- Quasi-Passive voice গঠনগত দিক দিয়ে Active কিন্তু অর্থের দিক দিয়ে Passive, একে নিম্নলিখিত উপায়ে Active থেকে
Passive-এ রূপান্তর করা যায়।
- যেমন: Sub+is+Adjective/Adverb+When+It+is+Linking verb(V3).

- Honey testes sweet.
- Honey is sweet when it is tested.

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৮৬০.

Please go back. (Change the voice)

ক
You are being requested to go back.
খ
You were requested to go back.
গ
You are requested to go back.
ঘ
You have been requested to go back.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

You are requested to go back.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

You are requested to go back.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb
- মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

- Active voice এর শুরুতে Please থাকলে passive voice এ you are requested to বসে,
- active voice টি present এ রয়েছে তাই passive voice এ present tense হবে।

Active: Please go back.
Passive: You are requested to go back.

৮৬১.

What helps the pious remain contented? (Passive)

ক
ক) What are the pious helped to remain contented?
খ
খ) By what is the pious helped to remain contented?
গ
গ) By what are the pious helped to remain contented?
ঘ
ঘ) By what is the pious helped to remain contented?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) By what are the pious helped to remain contented?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) By what are the pious helped to remain contented?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice এ What Subject হলে Passive voice এ by what বসে।
Wh Words (who, what ইত্যাদি) ছাড়া অন্য কিছু Subject হলে Interrogative Sentence এ Auxiliary Verb – Subject এর পূর্বে বসে।

৮৬২.

Let her water the plants. [Passive]

ক
Let the plants to be watered by her.
খ
Let the plants be watered by her.
গ
Let the plants being watered by her.
ঘ
Let the plants be water by her.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let the plants be watered by her.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let the plants be watered by her.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Let her water the plants.
Passive: Let the plants be watered by her.

• Let যুক্ত Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- Object টির subject রূপে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

• Structure: Let + Object টির subject বসে + be বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by + subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

৮৬৩.

Identify the passive form of: “Never go there.”

ক
Let never go there.
খ
Let not go there.
গ
Let not ever be gone there.
ঘ
Let not never go there.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let not ever be gone there.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let not ever be gone there.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Never যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার জন্য Never এর পরিবর্তে Let not ever/ Let never হবে + object এর subject + be + verb এর Past Participle form.

• সুতরাং Let not ever be gone there হচ্ছে সঠিক উত্তর।

Source: Advanced Learner's Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৬৪.

The money was stolen by an employee of the bank. [active]

ক
An employee of the bank had stolen the money.
খ
An employee of the bank steal the money.
গ
An employee of the bank stole the money.
ঘ
The money can be stolen by an employee of the bank.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

An employee of the bank stole the money.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

An employee of the bank stole the money.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর: গ) An employee of the bank stole the money.

Passive voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর base form হয়,
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।

• Passive-এর object, Active-এর subject হবে: An employee of the bank,
- Verb "was stolen" Past Indefinite-এ Active হবে "stole",
- Object হবে: "the money".

Other options,

ক) An employee of the bank had stolen the money.
- এখানে had stolen (past perfect) ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, কিন্তু মূল passive বাক্যটি simple past tense-এ (was stolen)।
- তাই tense পরিবর্তন হয়ে গেছে, যা ভুল।

খ) An employee of the bank steal the money.
- এখানে steal (present tense) ব্যবহার হয়েছে, যা মূল বাক্যের past tense-এর সাথে মিল নেই।

ঘ) The money can be stolen by an employee of the bank.
- এটি passive voice এবং modal verb can ব্যবহার করে সম্ভাবনা বোঝাচ্ছে, যা মূল বাক্যের ঘটিত ঘটনা (past action) এর সাথে মিল নেই।

৮৬৫.

Who is helping the children? (Make it passive)

ক
By whom are the children been helped?
খ
By whom the children being helped?
গ
By whom is the children being helped?
ঘ
By whom are the children being helped?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

By whom are the children being helped?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

By whom are the children being helped?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: Who is helping the children?
- Passive: By whom are the children being helped?

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- এরপর Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী modal auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

More Examples:
Active: Who is helping her?
Passive: By whom is she being helped?

Active: Who has broken the glasses?
Passive: By whom have the glasses been broken?

৮৬৬.

She said that she had finished her work. (passive)

ক
It was said by her that her work had been finish by her.
খ
It was said by her that her work had been finished by her.
গ
That her work had been finished by her it was said by her
ঘ
She said that she herself finishd her work.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

It was said by her that her work had been finished by her.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

It was said by her that her work had been finished by her.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex এবং compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
- এরূপ ক্ষেত্রে কখনো কখনো introductory 'It' ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি complex sentence.
- তাই এর passive করবার ক্ষেত্রে উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- কিন্তু clause গুলো স্থান পরিবর্তন করবে না।

• এটি একটি complex sentence যেখানে দুটি clause রয়েছে:
- "She said" — এটি Past Indefinite Tense-এ রয়েছে।
- "She had finished her work" — এটি Past Perfect Tense-এ রয়েছে।

• Past Indefinite Tense-কে passive voice-এ রূপান্তর করতে হলে was/were + মূল verb-এর past participle ফর্ম ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
• Past Perfect Tense-কে passive voice-এ রূপান্তর করতে হলে had been + মূল verb-এর past participle ফর্ম ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: She explained that she had completed the assignment.
Passive: It was explained by her that the assignment had been completed by her.

Active: She said that she had finished her work.
Passive: It was said by her that her work had been finished by her.

৮৬৭.

The correct passive form of the given sentence
I know how things work around here.

ক
How things work around here is known.
খ
How things work around here is known by me.
গ
How things work around here is known to me.
ঘ
How things work around here is known with me.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

How things work around here is known to me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

How things work around here is known to me.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর: গ) How things work around here is known to me.

• Complex/compound Sentence -এর voice পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Complex/compound sentence -এর Active voice -কে passive করার সময় উভয় clause -এ যদি transitive verb থাকে তাহলে উভয়েরই voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
- তবে, transitive verb বিহীন অংশ থাকলে তা অপরবর্তিত থাকবে।
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটির দ্বিতীয় অংশ 'how things work around here' transitive verb নেই।
- তাই, পুরো clause টি subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হবে।

• প্রদত্ত Complex Sentence টির প্রথম অংশ (I know) present Indefinite tense -এ আছে,
- known -এর পর Passive Voice -এ by না বসে to বসে।
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী know পরিবর্তিত হয়ে is known হবে,
- "I" (Subject) Passive-এ to me হয় (কারণ "know" verb-এর ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত "to" ব্যবহৃত হয়)।

Active Voice: I know how things work around here.
Passive Voice: How things work around here is known to me.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮৬৮.

Choose the correct passive form of this sentence: The beauty of the girl marveled him.

ক
ক) He was marveled by the beauty of the girl.
খ
খ) He was marveled at the beauty of the girl.
গ
গ) He was marveled with the beauty of the girl.
ঘ
ঘ) He was marveled about the beauty of the girl.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) He was marveled at the beauty of the girl.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) He was marveled at the beauty of the girl.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

অনেক ক্ষেত্রে Active থেকে passive করতে গেলে by ছাড়াও অন্যান্য preposition ব্যবহার করা হয়।

৮৬৯.

The active form of the sentence:
By whom was the book written?

ক
By who the book was written?
খ
Who has written the book?
গ
Who wrote the book?
ঘ
The book was written by who?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Who wrote the book?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Who wrote the book?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Passive: By whom was the book written?
- Active: Who wrote the book?

• By whom যুক্ত Passive Voice-কে Active Voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Subject হিসেবে Who বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী verb বসে।
- Passive Voice -এর Subject - Object হয়ে বসবে।

• More examples:
- Passive: By whom was the letter written?
- Active: Who wrote the letter?

- Passive: By whom was the decision made?
- Active: Who made the decision?

৮৭০.

Choose the correct passive form of the sentence: People always remember good souls.

ক
Good souls fighters are always being remembered.
খ
Good souls always be remembered by people.
গ
Good souls will always be remembered by people.
ঘ
Good souls are always remembered.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Good souls are always remembered.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Good souls are always remembered.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Active voice কে Passive Voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object টি Passive Voice এর Subject হয়।
- Active Voice এর মূল Verb এর form অনুযায়ী অতিরিক্ত ‘be’ Verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past Participle form বসে।
- Active Voice এর subject টি Passive Voice এর Object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

তবে Active Voice এর Subject People হলে, তা Passive Voice এর Object হিসেবে না লিখলেও চলে।

সে অনুসারে, সঠিক passive form: Good souls are always remembered.

৮৭১.

Who helped you with your homework? (Change the voice.)

ক
By whom were you helped with your homework?
খ
By whom you were helped with your homework?
গ
By whom did you help with your homework?
ঘ
By whom have you helped with your homework?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

By whom were you helped with your homework?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

By whom were you helped with your homework?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ক) By whom were you helped with your homework?

• Active Voice-এ Who থাকলে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- passive voice-টি 'By whom' দিয়ে আরম্ভ হবে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- Object টি subject হিসেবে বসবে।
- অনেক সময় tense অনুযায়ী be/being/been বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।

Active voice: Who helped you with your homework?
Passive voice: By whom were you helped with your homework?

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৮৭২.

Change the voice of the sentence: ‘I remember my mother taking me to the zoo’.

ক
I remember taken to the zoo by my mother.
খ
I remember myself being taken to the zoo by my mother.
গ
I remember my mother taking me to the zoo.
ঘ
I remember being taken to the zoo by my mother.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

I remember being taken to the zoo by my mother.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

I remember being taken to the zoo by my mother.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active Structure: Subject + like/remember/hate/mind + obj1 + (verb + ing) + obj2 + extension.
• Passive Structure: Subject + like/remember/hate/mind + being + (verb + ing) এর past participle + extension + by + obj1.

- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: ‘I remember my mother taking me to the zoo’.
Passive: I remember being taken to the zoo by my mother.

• Example:
Active Voice: I remember the cook teaching me to bake cookies.
Passive Voice: I remember being taught to bake cookies by the cook.

৮৭৩.

She said to me, 'What do you want?' ____ the indirect speech is:

ক
She said to me what I want.
খ
She asked me what I want.
গ
She asked me what I wanted.
ঘ
She asked me what did I want.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

She asked me what I wanted.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

She asked me what I wanted.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Structure: Sub + ask + object (যদি থাকে) + Interrogative Pronoun/
- Interrogative adverb + Reported speech এর Subject + Verb + বাকি অংশ।

যেমন:
Direct: “What do you want?” She said to me
Indirect: She asked me what I wanted.
Direct: He said to me, 'Where do you live?'
Indirect: He asked me where I lived.

৮৭৪.

Will she cook the dinner?
Change the voice.

ক
Will the dinner being cooked by her?
খ
Will the dinner to be cooked by her?
গ
Will the dinner cooked by her?
ঘ
Will the dinner be cooked by her?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Will the dinner be cooked by her?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Will the dinner be cooked by her?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ঘ) Will the dinner be cooked by her?

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• Will she cook the dinner?
- একটি interrogative sentence.
• Active থেকে Passive করার নিয়ম:
Active: Shall/will + subject + verb + object?
Passive: Shall/will + Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject + be + Verb এর past participle + by + Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object?
- Will the dinner be cooked by her?

Other Options:
ক) Will the dinner being cooked by her?
- being থাকায় এই বাক্যটি সঠিক নয়।

খ) Will the dinner to be cooked by her?
- to be হবে না।

গ) Will the dinner cooked by her?
- be cooked হবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮৭৫.

People always remember patriots. Which of the following is the best passive form of the above sentence?

ক
The patriots will always be remembered by people
খ
The patriots are always being remembered
গ
People are always remembered by the patriots
ঘ
The patriots are always remembered

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The patriots are always remembered

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The patriots are always remembered

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice কে Passive Voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:

- Active Voice এর object টি Passive Voice এর Subject হয়।
- Active Voice এর মূল Verb এর form অনুযায়ী অতিরিক্ত ‘be’ Verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past Participle form বসে।
- Active Voice এর subject টি Passive Voice এর Object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- তবে Active Voice এর Subject People হলে, তা Passive Voice এর Object হিসেবে না লিখলেও চলে।

• সে অনুসারে, সঠিক passive form: Patriots are always remembered.

৮৭৬.

Someone stole my two-wheeler. [make it passive]

ক
My two-wheeler had been stolen by someone.
খ
My two-wheeler has been stolen by someone.
গ
My two-wheeler was stolen by someone.
ঘ
My two-wheeler is stolen by someone.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

My two-wheeler was stolen by someone.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

My two-wheeler was stolen by someone.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active Voice: Someone stole my two-wheeler.
• Passive Voice: My two-wheeler was stolen by someone.

- মূল বাক্যটি Simple Past Tense-এ আছে: "Someone stole my two-wheeler." (কেউ আমার বাইক চুরি করে নিয়েছে।)
- Simple Past Tense-এর Passive Voice করতে হলে গঠনটি হলো:
- Subject (কর্ম) + was/were + V₃ (Past Participle) + by + agent (কর্তা, ঐচ্ছিক)
- এখানে "stole" (চুরি করেছিল)-এর Past Participle হলো "stolen"।
- যেহেতু "two-wheeler" একটি singular noun, তাই "was stolen" ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮৭৭.

Computer _________ all over the world at the moment.

ক
ক) is using
খ
খ) has used
গ
গ) has been using
ঘ
ঘ) is being used

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) is being used

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) is being used

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

যেহেতু বাক্যটি Passive voice এ লেখা, তাই অপশন ‘ঘ’ is being used সঠিক উত্তর।

৮৭৮.

'They must follow the rules and regulations.' - বাক্যটির সঠিক পরিবর্তিত voice হবে -

ক
The rules and regulations must be followed of them.
খ
The rules and regulations must be followed by them.
গ
The rules and regulations ought to be followed by them.
ঘ
The rules and regulations should be followed by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The rules and regulations must be followed by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The rules and regulations must be followed by them.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: They must follow the rules and regulations.
Passive Voice: The rules and regulations must be followed by them.

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:

→ active এর object, passive এ subject হিসাবে বসে।
→ এখানে, Acitive এর object = The rules and regulations যা Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসেছে।

- Active voice এ subject এর পর modal auxiliary হিসেবে 'must' থাকায়, Passive voice- এও must বসেছে।
- এর পরে be বসেছে।
- তার পরেই মূল verb টির Past Participle বসেছে।
- by বসেছে।

→ active এর subject = They, passive এর object = them হিসাবে বসেছে।

More Example:
Active Voice: We ought to listen to his words
Passive Voice: His words ought to be listened to.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hossain.

৮৭৯.

Choose the correct passive form:
The committee elected her chairperson.

ক
Chairperson was elected her by the committee.
খ
She was elected chairperson in the committee.
গ
She was elected chairperson by the committee.
ঘ
Her was elected chairperson by the committee.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

She was elected chairperson by the committee.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

She was elected chairperson by the committee.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: The committee elected her chairperson.
- Passive: She was elected chairperson by the committee.

• Factitive object (Select, elect, nominate, make, call, name) ইত্যাদি transitive verb গুলোর object থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণরূপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত object complement আনতে হয়। এইরূপ অতিরিক্ত object কে Factitive object বলে।

• Factitive object/complementary object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Pronominal object-টি (me, us, you, them, him, her) / নামবাচক object টির Subjective form বসে।
- Tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- Factitive object টি বসে।
- by বসে + Subject টির objective form বসে।

More examples:
- Active: They elected him president.
- Passive: He was elected president by them.

৮৮০.

She will submit the assignment tomorrow. (Make it passive)

ক
The assignment will submitted tomorrow by her.
খ
The assignment will being submitted tomorrow by her.
গ
The assignment will be submitted tomorrow by her.
ঘ
The assignment will been submitted tomorrow by her.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The assignment will be submitted tomorrow by her.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The assignment will be submitted tomorrow by her.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: The assignment will be submitted tomorrow by her.

• Active voice এ Modal Auxiliary Verb থাকলে তা Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Modal Auxiliary verb গুলো হলো: Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should, Ought to, Used to, Must ইত্যাদি।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Active voice এর Modal verb টি বসে।
- be বসে।
- প্রদত্ত মুল verb এর past participle বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active Voice: She will submit the assignment tomorrow.
• Passive voice: The assignment will be submitted tomorrow by her.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৮১.

He teaches us mathematics. (Make it Passive)

ক
Mathematics is taught to us by him.
খ
We are taught mathematics by him.
গ
Mathematics is taught by him to us.
ঘ
All of the above

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

All of the above

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

All of the above

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• He teaches us mathematics.
• Passive Voice:
ক) "Mathematics is taught to us by him."

• Other options:
খ) "We are taught mathematics by him." (More natural in English)

গ) "Mathematics is taught by him to us." (Grammatically correct but less common)

Explanation:
Active: He (subject) + teaches (verb) + us (indirect object) + mathematics (direct object).
Passive: Mathematics (subject) + is taught (verb) + to us (object) + by him (agent).

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮৮২.

The passive form of the sentence 'Who has written Hamlet' is:

ক
Hamlet has written by whom?
খ
By whom Hamlet is being written?
গ
Who has Hamlet been written by?
ঘ
By whom Hamlet is written?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Who has Hamlet been written by?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Who has Hamlet been written by?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া বাক্যের ক্ষেত্রে passive voice এর শুরুতে By whom বসে।
- তারপর একটি auxiliary verb তারপর sentence এর subject বসে; auxiliary verb টি subject এর number ও person অনুযায়ী হয়।

• আলোচ্য বাক্যের passive voice এ ‘Hamlet’ subject টি singular হওয়ায় auxiliary verb ‘has’ হবে।
- Correct Passive form: By whom has Hamlet been written?
- তবে পূর্বে preposition - by না বসিয়ে পরেও বসানো যায়। আর এ ক্ষেত্রে whom না বসিয়ে who বসালেও বাক্য শুদ্ধ হয়।

• তাই সঠিক passive form হবে - গ) Who has Hamlet been written by?

৮৮৩.

Change the voice:
He had already fixed the computer before the meeting.

ক
The computer has already been fixed before the meeting.
খ
The computer had already been fixed by him before the meeting.
গ
The computer was already been fixed before the meeting by him.
ঘ
Before the meeting he had already fixed the computer.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The computer had already been fixed by him before the meeting.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The computer had already been fixed by him before the meeting.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past Perfect Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Object টি subjective form +
- had been +
- মূল verb এর past participle +
- by +
- subject এর objective form.

প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Passive voice এ আছে। এক্ষেত্রে Active voice এর structure হবে -
Subject + had + past participle (main verb) + rest of the sentence.
- অর্থাৎ, Passive voice এর object টি subject হবে + had + V₃ + subject এর objective form + rest of the sentence.

Active: He had already fixed the computer before the meeting.
Passive: The computer had already been fixed by him before the meeting.

৮৮৪.

Who wrote this letter? (Make it passive)

ক
By whom this letter was written?
খ
By whom was written this letter?
গ
By whom was this letter written?
ঘ
By whom were this letter been written?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

By whom was this letter written?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

By whom was this letter written?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: গ) By whom was this letter written?

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এর রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হবে।
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এ Subject হিসেবে বসে।
- অনেক সময় be/ being/ been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল verb এর Past Participle হয়।
- Question mark (?) হয়।

Active: Who wrote this letter?
Passive: By whom was this letter written?

Other Options:
ক) By whom this letter was written?
- Interrogative sentence-এ auxiliary verb subject-এর আগে থাকা উচিত।

খ) By whom was written this letter?
- Word order ভুল। Passive structure subject-এর আগে verb বসানো ঠিক না।

ঘ) By whom were this letter been written?
- were singular subject (this letter)-এর সঙ্গে যায় না।
- been অপ্রয়োজনীয়, কারণ Active sentence-এ perfect form নেই।

৮৮৫.

Identify the passive form of the following sentence: "Who will deliver the message?"

ক
By whom will the message deliver?
খ
By whom will the message be delivered?
গ
By whom the message will be delivered?
ঘ
Whom will the message be delivered?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

By whom will the message be delivered?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

By whom will the message be delivered?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: খ) By whom will the message be delivered?

• “Who” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া interrogative sentence-এর passive voice তৈরির নিয়ম:
- Passive voice-এর শুরুতে By whom বসবে।
- Auxiliary verb tense অনুযায়ী বসবে, এখানে will.
- Subject হবে original object.
- Main verb-এর past participle ব্যবহার হবে।
- Interrogative বাক্য হওয়ায় sentence-এর word order অনুসরণ করতে হবে।

Other options:
ক) By whom will the message deliver?
- ভুল, কারণ main verb-এর passive participle বাদ গেছে।

গ) By whom the message will be delivered?
- ভুল, কারণ interrogative word order ঠিক নেই।

ঘ) Whom will the message be delivered?
- ভুল, কারণ “By” preposition বাদ গেছে।

৮৮৬.

They made him show them all the papers. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) He was made to show them all the papers.
খ
খ) He was made by them to show them all the papers.
গ
গ) He was made to show them all the papers to them.
ঘ
ঘ) All the papers was made to be shown them by him.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) He was made to show them all the papers.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) He was made to show them all the papers.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
-Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, , at, to, in) বসে।

• Need, see, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch প্রভৃতি verb গুলোর পর Active Voice-এ to উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পরে to বসে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - He was made to show them all the papers.

৮৮৭.

Akash was born in I994. (Make it passive)

ক
Akash's mother bore him in 1994.
খ
Akash's mother born him in 1994.
গ
Akash's mother borns him in 1994.
ঘ
Akash's mother bears him in 1994.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Akash's mother bore him in 1994.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Akash's mother bore him in 1994.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive Voice এ যদি by + Object না থাকে এবং verb টি যদি পেশা বা নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর সাথে Related কাজ হয় তাহলে ঐ পেশাজীবী বা ঐ নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর নাম Subject হিসেবে বসাতে হবে।
যেমন:
Active: He was born in 1960.
Passive: His mother bore him in 1960.

• Active: Water was irrigated.
- Passive: Farmers irrigated water.

• Active: Rome was not built in a day.
- Passive: The Romans did not build Rome in a day.

• তেমনি ভাবে, Akash was born in I994. - এই বাক্যে - by + Object নেই, তাই নিয়মানুসারে একটি subject আনতে হবে।
- তাই এখানে subject হিসেবে Akash's mother আসবে।
- সঠিক উত্তর হবে -
• Active: Akash was born in I994.
- Passive: Akash's mother bore him in 1994.

৮৮৮.

I could not fix the machine. (Make it Passive)

ক
ক) The machine could not fixed by me.
খ
খ) The machine could not have fixed by me.
গ
গ) The machine could not be fixing by me.
ঘ
ঘ) The machine could not be fixed by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) The machine could not be fixed by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) The machine could not be fixed by me.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Modal Auxiliary Verb যুক্ত বাক্যকে Passive করার ‍Structure হচ্ছে –
Subjective form of Object + modal auxiliary বসবে + be + Past Participle of Main Verb + by + Objective Form of Subject.
সঠিক Passive form: The machine could not be fixed by me.

৮৮৯.

What is the correct passive form of: "You must shut these doors"

ক
Shut the doors you must.
খ
These doors must be shut.
গ
These doors must be shutted by you.
ঘ
The doors must be shutted.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

These doors must be shut.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

These doors must be shut.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active voice: You must shut these doors.
- Passive voice: These doors must be shut.

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to, ইত্যাদি modal auxiliary যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময়-
- Active এর object, subject হিসাবে বসে।
- তারপর modal auxiliary টি বসে।
- এর পরে be বসে।
- তার পরেই মূল verb টির Past Participle বসে।
- by + active এর subject object হিসাবে বসে।

• Note: shut এর past participle হলো shut.

সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active voice: You must shut these doors.
Passive voice: These doors must be shut.

৮৯০.

Change the voice: Why did she take such a risk?

ক
Why such a risk taken by her?
খ
Why was such a risk taken by her?
গ
Why was this risk taken by her?
ঘ
Why did such a risk take by her?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Why was such a risk taken by her?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Why was such a risk taken by her?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: Why did she take such a risk?
• Passive: Why was such a risk taken by her?

• Why যুক্ত Active voice -কে passive voice করার ক্ষেত্রে:
- প্রথমে Why বসে।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Auxiliary Verb দুইটি হলে প্রথমটি Subject -এর আগে এবং দ্বিতীয়টি Subject -এর পরে বসে।
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- মূল Verb -এর Past Participle বসে।
- by + subject বসে।
- শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

• Structure: Why + Auxiliary Verb + Object + V3+ by + subject + ?

• More examples:
-Active: Why did they tell such a lie?
- Passive: Why was such a lie told by them?

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৮৯১.

Where did she keep the book? (Make it passive)

ক
Where the book kept by her?
খ
Where was the book kept by her?
গ
Where the book was kept by her?
ঘ
Where was she kept the book by?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Where was the book kept by her?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Where was the book kept by her?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active Voice: Where did she keep the book?
• Passive Voice: Where was the book kept by her?

• Where যুক্ত Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Where + auxiliary verb (tense অনুযায়ী) + object + Past participle verb+ by + subject + ?

• More Example:
- Active: Where did he find you?
- Passive: Where were you found by him?

৮৯২.

Make it passive.
They were flying Kites.

ক
Kites were being flied by them.
খ
They are being flown kites.
গ
Kites are being flown by them.
ঘ
Kites were being flown by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Kites were being flown by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Kites were being flown by them.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past Continuous Tense এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- object টির Subjective form বসে + was being/ were being + মূল verb এর Past Participle form + by + Subject টির Objective form.
- They were flying Kites. (Active)
- এ বাক্যে Subject হচ্ছে They যার objective form হচ্ছে - them
- আবার বাক্যের object হচ্ছে Kites যার subjective form হচ্ছে - Kites
- Kites যেহেতু plural form এ রয়েছে সে অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb হবে - were being এবং মূল verb এর past participle form হবে flown
- সুতরাং, গঠন অনুযায়ী বাক্যটির passive voice হবে -
- Kites were being flown by them. (passive)

• আরোও একটি উদাহরণ খেয়াল করি
- He was reading a book. (Active)
- A book was being read by him. (Passive)

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৯৩.

They will be discussing the new policies. (Make it Passive)

ক
The new policies being discussed by them.
খ
The new policies will have to being discussed by them.
গ
The new policies will being discussed by them.
ঘ
The new policies will be being discussed by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The new policies will be being discussed by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The new policies will be being discussed by them.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Future continuous Tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
- object টি subject রূপে বসে।
- shall be being/ will be being বসে।
- মুল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- এরপর by বসে।
- সবশেষে subject এর objective form বসে।

Active Voice: They will be discussing the new policies.
Passive Voice: The new policies will be being discussed by them.

More Examples:
Active Voice: The teacher will be explaining the new lesson.
Passive Voice: The new lesson will be being explained by the teacher.

৮৯৪.

"I was given a cheque". What is the active from?

ক
ক) A cheque is given to me
খ
খ) He gave me a cheque
গ
গ) I gave him a cheque
ঘ
ঘ) I got a cheque

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) He gave me a cheque

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) He gave me a cheque

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

'I was given a cheque'- এর active form হচ্ছে He gave me a cheque.

• Past Indefinite Tense এর active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
Object টি subject হয় + was/were বসে + মূল verb এর past participle বসে + by বসে + Subject টির Objective form হয়।
- তাই He gave me a cheque এর Passive form হবে I was given a cheque by him.
- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নে by him উহ্য আছে।
- তাই active voice এ he subjects হিসাবে এসেছে।

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৯৫.

The correct passive form of "They handed him a leaflet." is -

ক
A leaflet is handed him by them.
খ
They were handed him a leaflet.
গ
He handed them a leaflet.
ঘ
He was handed a leaflet by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He was handed a leaflet by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He was handed a leaflet by them.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - ঘ) He was handed a leaflet by them.

- কোনো sentence এ দুটি object-এর মধ্যে যে কোন object-কে subject করা যায়।
- কিন্তু indirect object বা person object- কে subject করাই অধিক যথাযথ।
- এক্ষেত্রে অন্য যে object-টি Object হিসাবে থেকে যায়, তাকে বলে Retained Object.
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- প্রদত্ত মুল verb এর past participle বসে।
- by বসে।
- active voice এর subject টি object হিসেবে বসে।

• Example:
- Active: Mr. Das teaches us English.
- Passive: We are taught English by Mr. Das.
- Passive: English is taught us by Mr. Das.

- Active: They handed him a leaflet.
- Passive: He was handed a leaflet by them.
- Passive: A leaflet was handed him by them.

Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition by P. C. DAS.

৮৯৬.

She decided to paint the room. [change the voice]

ক
She decided that the room to be painted.
খ
She decided that the room should be painted.
গ
She decided that the room has to be painted.
ঘ
She decided the room should be painted.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

She decided that the room should be painted.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

She decided that the room should be painted.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: She decided to paint the room.
Passive: She decided that the room should be painted.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

Active: Proma decided to sell the house.
Passive: Proma decided that the house should be sold.

Active: They agreed to sign the contract.
Passive: They agreed that the contract should be signed.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৯৭.

Identify the correct passive form, "People thought that the despot was corrupt"

ক
The despot had been thought to be corrupt.
খ
It was thought that the despot was corrupt.
গ
The despot was thought to be corrupt.
ঘ
The despot is thought to be corrupt.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The despot was thought to be corrupt.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The despot was thought to be corrupt.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: People thought that the despot was corrupt.
- Passive: The despot was thought to be corrupt.

- এই ধরনের complex বাক্যে যেখানে that-clause আছে, সেখানে passive form তৈরির দুটি উপায় আছে:
- প্রথম উপায় (Impersonal passive) দ্বিতীয় অংশকে 'It' ধরে। যেমন:
- Active: People thought that the despot was corrupt.
- Passive: It was thought that the despot was corrupt.

- Subject হিসেবে People থাকলে Passive voice -এ সাধারণত তা লেখা হয় না।
- তবে, দ্বিতীয় অংশে transitive verb থাকলে দ্বিতীয় অংশেরও Passive করতে হয়।

- দ্বিতীয় উপায় (Personal passive):
- সাধারণত Acknowledge, assume, think, claim, believe, know, report, understand, ইত্যাদি verb যুক্ত Active voice এর Passive করার নিয়ম-
- Personal object টিকে subject ধরা হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb -এর past participle + to be + direct object + by + subject -এর objective form.
- যেমন:
- Active: People thought that the despot was corrupt.
- Passive: The despot was thought to be corrupt.

- তবে এই প্রশ্নে গ) অপশনটিই সবচেয়ে উপযুক্ত হবে কারণ:
- Option গ) is more direct and commonly used when the focus is on the despot as the subject of the belief.

অন্যান্য অপশনগুলো বিশ্লেষণ:
ক) The despot had been thought to be corrupt.
- এটি ভুল কারণ, এখানে ভুল tense (had been = past perfect) ব্যবহার হয়েছে।

ঘ) The despot is thought to be corrupt.
- এটি ভুল কারণ, এখানে ভুল tense (is = present, কিন্তু মূল বাক্যে past tense) ব্যবহার হয়েছে।

৮৯৮.

I am to make a request. (Make it passive)

ক
A request has to be made by me.
খ
A request had to be made by me.
গ
A request was to be made by me.
ঘ
A request is to be made by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

A request is to be made by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

A request is to be made by me.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

- Active voice: I am to make a request.
- Passive voice: A request is to be made by me.

৮৯৯.

The correct passive form of: We ought to do more exercise.

ক
More exercise was done by us.
খ
More exercise ought to be done by us.
গ
More exercise ought to do by us.
ঘ
More exercise was ought to do by us.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

More exercise ought to be done by us.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

More exercise ought to be done by us.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: We ought to do more exercise.
- Passive: More exercise ought to be done by us.

• May, might, can, could, will, would, must, ought to, used to, be going to, ইত্যাদি Modal যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice -এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে-
- Modal auxiliary verb গুলোর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না, এদের পরে be বসে এবং তার পরেই মূল Verb টির Past Participle বসে।

- Structure: Object টির Subject form + may/might + be + মূল verb এর Past Participle + by + subject টির objective form.

More examples:
- Active: You must shut these doors.
- Passive: These doors must be shut.

- Active: We ought to obey our parents.
- Passive: Our parents ought to be obeyed by us.

৯০০.

People speak English all over the world.

ক
ক) English is spoken all over the world.
খ
খ) English was spoken all over the world.
গ
গ) English was spoken by people.
ঘ
ঘ) English is spoken by people.
ঙ
ঙ) None of the above

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) English is spoken all over the world.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) English is spoken all over the world.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

English is spoken all over the world.
Given sentence is in Present simple tense.
Rule :
Subject + (is /am /are) + V3 + Other agents.