Active and Passive Voice

PrepBank · পাতা ৬ / ১৩ · ৫০১–৬০০ / ১,২৭৭

৫০১.

Change the voice-
Protect the realm.

ক
Let the realm been protected.
খ
Let the realm be protect.
গ
The realm be protected.
ঘ
Let the realm be protected.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Let the realm be protected.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Let the realm be protected.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম-
• শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Active Voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম-

- প্রথমে Let বসে+
- Object টি Subject রূপে বসে + be বসে +
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle.

Structure:- Let + object টি Subject হয়+be+মূল verb এর Past Participle. যেমন-

Active: Protect the realm.
Passive: Let the realm be protected.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫০২.

The passive form of the sentence, "Who did the work?" is -

ক
By whom the work was done?
খ
Whom had the work done by?
গ
By whom was the work done?
ঘ
Who was the work done?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

By whom was the work done?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

By whom was the work done?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is: গ) By whom was the work done?

• Who - এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমেই By whom বসবে।
- তারপর Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসবে।
- তারপর active voice- এর object টি passive voice - এর subject হবে।
- তারপর মূল verb - এর past participle বসবে।
- Sentence টি interrogative sentence - এ-ই থাকবে, তাই শেষে interrogative চিহ্ন '?' বসবে।

Active voice: Who did the sum?
Passive voice: By whom was the sum done?

Active: Who did the work?
Passive: By whom was the work done?

অন্য অপশনগুলো ভুল:
ক) By whom the work was done?
- Interrogative structure ভুল।
- Question form এ auxiliary verb আগে আসে।

খ) Whom had the work done by?
- ভুল tense এবং structure.

ঘ) Who was the work done?
- অর্থ ও structure—দুটোই ভুল।
-"Who" ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে, কিন্তু passive voice-এ subject “by whom” হওয়া উচিত।
- "by" preposition নেই।

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫০৩.

Anger should be controlled for our own sake. (Make it active)

ক
Everyone should be controlled anger for our own sake.
খ
People should control anger for own sake.
গ
It is said that people should control anger for own sake.
ঘ
We should control anger for our own sake.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

We should control anger for our own sake.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

We should control anger for our own sake.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:

- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়,

- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,

- মূল verb এর base form হয়,

- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,

- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যে Subject নেই।
- কিন্তু যেহেতু পরবর্তীতে our আছে তাই এখানে Subject 'we' হবে।
- আর auxiliary verb should এরপর verb এর base form বসবে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - We should control anger for our own sake.

৫০৪.

Who wrote A Song of Ice and Fire?
Transform into passive voice:

ক
A Song of Ice and Fire is written by whom?
খ
A Song of Ice and Fire has been written by who?
গ
By whom was A Song of Ice and Fire written?
ঘ
A Song of Ice and Fire was written by whom?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

By whom was A Song of Ice and Fire written?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

By whom was A Song of Ice and Fire written?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: গ) By whom was A Song of Ice and Fire written?

- মূল বাক্যটি Past Indefinite Tense-এ করা: “Who wrote A Song of Ice and Fire?”
- Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার জন্য গঠন হয়: was/were + past participle.
- "Who" subject হলে passive-এ "by whom" হয়।
- "A Song of Ice and Fire" হলো object → passive-এ subject হয়ে যাবে।
- তাই সঠিক রূপ হয়: By whom was A Song of Ice and Fire written?

Other options:
ক) "A Song of Ice and Fire is written by whom?" → এটি Present Tense, অথচ মূল বাক্য Past Tense-এ, ভুল।

খ) "A Song of Ice and Fire has been written by who?" → এটি Present Perfect tense এবং "who" ব্যবহার ভুল, "whom" দরকার।

ঘ) "A Song of Ice and Fire was written by whom?" → grammar দিক থেকে ঠিক, তবে এটি statement form, interrogative নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫০৫.

Correct passive form of 'They were catching fishes'.

ক
ক) Fishes were being caught by them.
খ
খ) Fishes were caught by them.
গ
গ) Fishes are being to caught by them.
ঘ
ঘ) Fishes were being catch by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Fishes were being caught by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Fishes were being caught by them.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের Passive form হচ্ছে Fishes were being caught by them.

• Past continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Object এর subject + number কিংবা person অনুসারে was being/were being + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Example:
Active: They were catching fishes.
Passive: Fishes were being caught by them.

৫০৬.

The active form of: By whom was the call answered?

ক
Who answered the call?
খ
Who does answer the call?
গ
The call was answered by who?
ঘ
By who the call was answered?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Who answered the call?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Who answered the call?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

- Passive: By whom was the call answered?
- Active: Who answered the call?

• Passive Voice -এ By whom থাকলে Active Voice করার নিয়ম-
- প্রথমে Subject হিসেবে Who বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী verb বসে।
- Passive Voice -এর Subject - Object হয়ে বসবে।

More examples:
- Passive: By whom was the decision made?
- Active: Who made the decision?

৫০৭.

The passive form of the sentence ‘A child could not have done this mischief.’ is -

ক
ক) This mischief could not have been done by a child
খ
খ) This mischief could not been done by a child
গ
গ) This mischief could not have be done by a child
ঘ
ঘ) This mischief a child could not have been done

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) This mischief could not have been done by a child

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) This mischief could not have been done by a child

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Subject + {can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must} + have been + v3

Correct Sentence: This mischief could not have been done by a child.

৫০৮.

The correct passive form of "Did you see the man?" is:

ক
Has the man been seen by you?
খ
Is the man seen by you?
গ
Was the man seen by you?
ঘ
Are you seen by the man

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Was the man seen by you?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Was the man seen by you?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - গ) Was the man seen by you?

- Interrogative Sentence-এর Passive Voice- এর Interrogative Sentence হয়।
- এ ধরণের বাক্য যদি Do Verb দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তাহলে প্রথমে তাকে Assertive Sentence-এ পরিণত করে তারপর তাকে Interrogative Sentence-এ পরিবর্তন করা সুবিধাজনক।

Do/Does/Did দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া Interrogative sentence-এর Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active: Do/Does/Did + subject + verb (base form) + object ?
- Passive: am/is/are/was/were + object + V3 + by + subject +?

Examples
- Active: Did you see the man?
- Passive: Was the man seen by you?

Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition by P. C. DAS.

৫০৯.

Bangladesh may win the Cricket World Cup 2022. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) The Cricket World Cup 2022 might be won by Bangladesh.
খ
খ) The Cricket World Cup 2022 might be win by Bangladesh.
গ
গ) The Cricket World Cup 2022 may be won by Bangladesh.
ঘ
ঘ) The Cricket World Cup 2022 may be win by Bangladesh.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) The Cricket World Cup 2022 may be won by Bangladesh.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) The Cricket World Cup 2022 may be won by Bangladesh.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive Voice of Modals এর Structure: বাক্যের Object হয়ে যাবে subject + এর পর বাক্যে ব্যবহৃত can/may/would/should/must/ might বসবে + 'be' verb বসবে + এর পর মূল verb এর past participle বসাতে হবে + 'by' preposition এর পর লিখতে হবে বাক্যের subject টি। যেমন:
- Active voice: Bangladesh may win the Cricket World Cup 2021.
- Passive Voice: The Cricket World Cup 2021 may be won by Bangladesh.

৫১০.

Change into passive : Call in the next candidate.

ক
Let the next candidate be call.
খ
Call the next candidate.
গ
Let the next candidate called.
ঘ
Let the next candidate be called in.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Let the next candidate be called in.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Let the next candidate be called in.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

The given sentence is an imperative sentence.
An imperative sentence in the passive voice has the following form:
Let + object + be + past participle.
Example-
Active: Carry it home.
Passive: Let it be carried home.
When the active voice is in the negative,
the passive voice takes the form: Let + object + not + be + past participle.

We can begin the passive sentence with you if we want to put emphasis on the person addressed to.
Example-
Active: Help me.
Passive: You are requested to help me.
Note that the passive form has to begin with you when the object of the active verb is not mentioned.
Example-
Active: Get out.
Passive: You are ordered to get out.
Thus the correct answer will be option 4) i.e. Let the next candidate be called in.

৫১১.

Who discovered America? (Make it passive)

ক
ক) By whom America was discovered?
খ
খ) America was discovered by whom?
গ
গ) By whom America had been discoverd?
ঘ
ঘ) By whom was America discovered?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) By whom was America discovered?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) By whom was America discovered?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া interrogative sentence কে passive করতে হলে -
- Who এর স্থানে By whom বসে।
- এরপর বাক্যটির tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary/ be verb,
- তারপর subject এবং
- verb এর past participle form
- এবং সবশেষে object বসবে।
Structure: By whom + auxiliary verb + Subject + verb এর past participle রূপ + object.
সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - By whom was America discovered?

৫১২.

Complete the report. (Change the voice.)

ক
Let the report had been completed.
খ
Let the report be complete.
গ
Let the report be completed.
ঘ
Let the report had completed.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the report be completed.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the report be completed.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: গ) Let the report be completed.

• Imperative Sentence - এ প্রদত্ত active voice কে passive voice - এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে -
- প্রথম let বসে
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- be বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

Active Voice: Complete the report.
Passive Voice: Let the report be completed.

৫১৩.

Change the voice: A letter is being written by him.

ক
He is being writing a letter.
খ
He has been writing a letter.
গ
He is writing a letter.
ঘ
He is being written a letter.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He is writing a letter.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He is writing a letter.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• A letter is being written by him - বাক্যটি present continuous এবং passive voice এ আছে।
- এর active voice হবে - He is writing a letter.

• Present Continuous Tense এর Passive Voice কে Active Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Object টি subject হয়,
- am being/ is being/ are being এর বসলে is/are/am বসে
- মূল verb + ing বসে,
- by উঠে যায়।
- Subject টির subjective form বসে।

Structure: Object টির subjective form + am/ is / are + মূল (verb ing) + subject এর subjective form.

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Passive: A letter is being written by him.
- Active: He is writing a letter.

৫১৪.

Choose the correct passive voice of:
"Who taught you English?"

ক
Who were you taught English by?
খ
By whom were you taught English?
গ
By whom you were taught English?
ঘ
Whom were you taught English by?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

By whom were you taught English?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

By whom were you taught English?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) By whom were you taught English?

- Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:

- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে+ Tense person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary বসে+ Object, Subject হয় + অনেক সময় tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/ being/been বসাতে হয়+ মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে+ প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

- Active: Who taught you English?
- Passive: By whom were you taught English?

• Other options:
ক) Who were you taught English by?
- Informal and awkward - grammatically possible but not standard formal usage.

গ) By whom you were taught English?
- Word order ভুল - এটি assertive sentence মনে হচ্ছে, interrogative না।

ঘ) Whom were you taught English by?
- "Whom" okay, but standard formal usage prefers "By whom" at the beginning.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫১৫.

Select the active structure :

ক
ক) The tree has been uprooted.
খ
খ) The door should be kept closed.
গ
গ) I have lost my watch .
ঘ
ঘ) My suggestion was not accepted.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) I have lost my watch .

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) I have lost my watch .

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

বাক্যের গঠন অনুসারে অপশন (গ) এর বাক্যটি যথার্থ Active Voice.

৫১৬.

'I had written the letter.' বাক্যটির Passive form হবে-

ক
ক) The letter was written by me.
খ
খ) The letter had been written by me.
গ
গ) The letter was being written by me.
ঘ
ঘ) The letter was wrote by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) The letter had been written by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) The letter had been written by me.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Past perfect tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
Object টি subjective form + had been + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.
তাই সঠিক উত্তর অপশন (খ)।

৫১৭.

Let her cook the food. [passive]

ক
Let the food to be cooked by her.
খ
The food to be cooked by her.
গ
Let the food be cooked by her.
ঘ
Let the food being cooked by her.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the food be cooked by her.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the food be cooked by her.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Let her cook the food.
Passive: Let the food be cooked by her.

• Let যুক্ত Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- Object টির subject রূপে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

• Structure: Let + Object টির subject বসে + be বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by + subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

৫১৮.

Did she manage the team effectively without prior experience? (Make it passive)

ক
Did the team be managed effectively by her without prior experience?
খ
Did the team manage effectively by her without prior experience?
গ
Was the team managed effectively by her without prior experience?
ঘ
Were the team managed effectively by her without prior experience?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Was the team managed effectively by her without prior experience?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Was the team managed effectively by her without prior experience?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:

• Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।

- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।

- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।

- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• Active Voice এ Auxiliary Verb হিসেবে did থাকলে Passive Voice এ এটাকে বাদ দিয়ে তার জায়গায় was/ were বসে আর মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

• সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী,

Active voice: Did she manage the team effectively without prior experience?

Passive voice: Was the team managed effectively by her without prior experience?

৫১৯.

One should maintain the meal etiquette. (passive)

ক
The meal etiquette should be maintained.
খ
The meal etiquette should have to be maintained by one's.
গ
The meal etiquette should to be maintained.
ঘ
The meal etiquette should have to be maintained by one.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The meal etiquette should be maintained.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The meal etiquette should be maintained.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice: One should maintain the meal etiquette.
Passive voice: The meal etiquette should be maintained.

• One + should যুক্ত Sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম:
1. প্রথমে object টি Subject রূপে বসে, অর্থাৎ, Active voice-এর object-কে passive voice-এর subject হিসেবে ব্যবহার করা হয়।
2. Active voice-এর "One" উঠিয়ে দেওয়া হয়।
3. should be + মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

More Examples:
Active Voice: One should take care of one's health.
Passive Voice: Health should be taken care of.

Active: One should tell the truth.
Passive: Truth should be told.

Active voice: One should follow the traffic rules.
Passive voice: The traffic rules should be followed.

৫২০.

Joy filled her heart. (Make it passive)

ক
Her heart was filled with by joy.
খ
Her heart was filled by with joy.
গ
Her heart was filled by joy.
ঘ
Her heart was filled with joy.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Her heart was filled with joy.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Her heart was filled with joy.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি past indefinite tense এ আছে। Past indefinite যুক্ত বাক্যকে passive করার নিয়ম -
- Active এর object প্রথমে
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb
- মূল verb এর past participle form
- by
- Active এর subject
- extension.
- কিন্তু active voice এ cover, crowd, seize, fill ইত্যাদি verb গুলো থাকলে, Passive voice এর verb এর past participle এর পর by এর পরিবর্তে with বসে।

সুতরাং, সঠিক উত্তর -
Active: Joy filled her heart.
Passive: Her heart was filled with joy.

৫২১.

Post the letter immediately. (Make it passive)

ক
Let the letter posted immediately.
খ
Let be the letter posted immediately.
গ
Let the letter be posted immediately.
ঘ
Let the letter be post immediately.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the letter be posted immediately.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the letter be posted immediately.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া imperative sentence এর active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
→ প্রথমে Let বসবে;
→ Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে;
→ be বসবে;
→ মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

• Structure: Let + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle + extensions.

সুতরাং নিয়ম অনুসারে,
Active Voice: Post the letter immediately.
Passive Voice: Let the letter be posted immediately.

৫২২.

He made us clean the kitchen. [passive]

ক
We are made to clean the kitchen by him.
খ
We had made to clean the kitchen by him.
গ
We were being made to clean the kitchen by him.
ঘ
We were made to clean the kitchen by him.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

We were made to clean the kitchen by him.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

We were made to clean the kitchen by him.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: He made us clean the kitchen.
Passive: We were made to clean the kitchen by him.

• Need, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch ইত্যাদি verb গুলোর পর Active voice এর উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পর 'to' বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Object -কে Subject করতে হবে।
- Tense ও subject অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb (was) বসে।
- তারপর মূল Verb -এর Past Participle বসবে।
- তারপর Active voice -এ উহ্য থাকা to বসবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- শেষে by + Active voice -এর Subject টি Object হবে।

Active: He made me do the work.
- এখানে Active voice এ 'made' থাকায় passive করার সময় 'to' বসবে।
Passive: I was made to do the work by him.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

৫২৩.

The passive form of: You are to colour the picture.

ক
The picture is to be colour by you.
খ
The picture is to be coloured by you.
গ
The picture has to be coloured by you.
ঘ
The picture are being coloured by you.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The picture is to be coloured by you.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The picture is to be coloured by you.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: You are to colour the picture.
- Passive: The picture is to be coloured by you.

• Active voice -এ am to/is to/are to/has to/have to ইত্যাদি থাকলে সেটিকে Passive করতে হলে-
- প্রথমে Active voice -এর object টি passive voice -এর subject হিসেবে বসে।
- তারপর subject অনুযায়ী 'am to/is to/are to' ইত্যাদির পরে 'be' বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb -এর past participle form বসে।
- শেষে by + Active voice -এর subject টি passive voice -এর object হিসেবে বসে।

• Structure:
- Active: Subject + am to/is to/are to/has to/have to + present form of verb + object.
- Passive: Object + am to/is to/are to/has to/have to + be + past participle form of verb + by + subject.

- এসব verb দ্বারা (modal- must, should) সাধারণত কোনো কিছু করার নির্দেশনা/ বাধ্যবাধকতা ইত্যাদি বুঝানো হয়।

অন্যান্য অপশন:
ক) The picture is to be colour by you.
→ ভুল, কারণ, verb -এর present form না হয়ে past participle হবে ("colour" should be coloured).

গ) The picture has to be coloured by you.
→ "Are to" → "has to" (অর্থ একই রকম কিন্তু form ভিন্ন), Original structure maintain করতে হবে।

ঘ) The picture is being coloured by you.
→ Wrong tense: present continuous এর passive করা হয়েছে।

৫২৪.

Change the voice:
The report will be reviewed by the committee.

ক
The committee will review the report.
খ
The committee will be review the report.
গ
The committee would review the report.
ঘ
The committee will be being review the report.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The committee will review the report.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The committee will review the report.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active থেকে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার প্রক্রিয়া:
a) Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
b) Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
c) মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

• Passive voice এ Future Tense এর নিয়মসমূহ:
Future Indefinite Tense = Sub + shall/will + be + V₃.
Future Continuous Tense = Sub + shall/will + be + being + V₃.
Future Perfect Tense = Sub + shall/will + have + been + V₃.

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Passive Voice এ Future Indefinite Tense এ আছে।
- তাই Active Voice এ Future Indefinite Tense এ হবে।

অতএব, সঠিক উত্তর - The committee will review the report.

৫২৫.

Identify the correct passive form: "Do you know Rajib?"

ক
Does Rajib known by you?
খ
Is Rajib known to you?
গ
Is Rajib known with you?
ঘ
Would Rajib be known to you?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Is Rajib known to you?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Is Rajib known to you?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• The correct passive form is: Is Rajib known to you?

• Auxiliary verb যুক্ত Interrogative sentence -এর passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Auxiliary verb যুক্ত Interrogative sentence কে passive করতে গেলে দুই ধাপে করতে হয়।

• প্রথমেই বাক্যটিকে Assertive এ রূপান্তরিত করে নিতে হয়।
- এরপর passive voice এর Assertive sentence টি কে Interrogative sentence এ পরিণত করতে হয়।
- যেমন- "Do you know Rajib?" -এর Assertive হচ্ছে - You know Rajib.

• Assertive sentence এর active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম -
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এর Subject হবে,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসবে তারপর মূল verb এর past participle form বসবে,
- তারপর Active voice এর subject টি passive এ object হিসাবে বসে এবং তার পূর্বে preposition by বসে।
- তবে passive voice -এ সবসময় 'by' না বসে অন্যান্য preoposition , যেমন: to, at, with, in etc. বসতে পারে।
- যেমন know এর সাথে by বসে না। Know +to হয়।

- যেমন:
- Active voice: You know Rajib.
- Passive voice: Rajib is known to you.

• তারপর Passive voice এর Assertive sentence কে পুনরায় Interrogative sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে।
- অর্থাৎ, Auxiliary verb টিকে subject -এর আগে নিয়ে এসে বাক্যের শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন দিতে হবে।
- যেমন, Rajib is known to you. এর Interrogative sentence হচ্ছে - Is Rajib known to you?

- তবে স্বতন্ত্র বৈশিষ্ট্য বোঝাতে Passive voice -এ known -এর পরে by ও বসে।
- যেমন: A man is known by the company he keeps.

• সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী - "Do you know Rajib?"
- বাক্যটির passive হচ্ছে - Is Rajib known to you?

Source:
1. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৫২৬.

He was called imprudent. (Active Voice)

ক
Imprudent was called him.
খ
It was imprudent which was called to him.
গ
People called him an imprudent.
ঘ
People called him imprudent.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

People called him imprudent.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

People called him imprudent.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice: He was called imprudent.
Active Voice: People called him imprudent.

• আমজনতার সাথে Related কাজ হলে Subject হিসেবে People বসাতে হবে।
→ প্রথমে People বসাতে হবে।
→ মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb 'was' বাদ যাবে।
→ মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb এর গঠন অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
→ Subject টি Object হবে।
→ বাকি অংশ বসবে।

More Example:
Passive Voice: He was called wise.
Active Voice: People called him wise.

৫২৭.

The book reads difficult. (Make it passive)

ক
The book is difficult as it read.
খ
The book is difficult read.
গ
The book being read is difficult.
ঘ
The book is difficult when it is read.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The book is difficult when it is read.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The book is difficult when it is read.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice: The book reads difficult.
• Passive voice: The book is difficult when it is read.

• উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি Quasi Passive Voice -এর উদাহরণ।

• এই ধরনের Active voice -কে দুই ভাবে passive করা যায়:
1) Active voice -এর subject টিই passive voice -এর subject হিসেবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + complement টি বসে + when + প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী if/ they বসে + আবারো tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle.

• যেমন:
- Active voice: The book reads difficult.
- Passive voice: The book is difficult when it is read.

2) Active voice -এর subject টিই passive voice -এর subject হিসেবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb এর past participle + complement টি বসে।

• যেমন:
- The book reads difficult.
- The book is read difficult.

• সাধারণ passive structure টি হলো -
- Subject + be verb + complement + when (if) + it/they + be verb + V3.

• Note: এই ধরণের বাক্যকে Quasi sentence বলে।
• Quasi sentence
- যে sentence গঠনে active কিন্তু অর্থে passive বা অন্যের দ্বারা সংঘটিত হয় এমন বোঝায়, তাকে Quasi sentence বলে।
- অর্থাৎ, Quasi Passive মানে হলো half active ও half passive.
- এই ধরণের sentence -এ Quasi Passive Verb ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Quasi Passive Verb
- যেসব transitive verb -এর intransitive ব্যবহার হয়, সেগুলোকে Quasi Passive Verb বলে।
- যেমন: Read, write, smell, taste, look, feel, sell, count, sound ইত্যাদি।

Source:
1. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Live MCQ English Wizard by Saleh Ahmed.

৫২৮.

Who will lead the conference? (Passive)

ক
By whom will be the conference lead?
খ
The conference will be lead by whom?
গ
By whom will the conference be leaded?
ঘ
By whom will the conference be led?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

By whom will the conference be led?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

By whom will the conference be led?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active Voice: Who will lead the conference?
- Passive Voice: By whom will the conference be led?

• Who যুক্ত প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যের passive করার নিয়ম:
- By whom + Auxiliary (tense অনুযায়ী) + sub + verb এর past participle + ?
- দুটি auxiliary থাকলে একটি subject এর আগে, অপরটি পরে বসে।

More Example:
Active Voice: Who has broken the glass?
Passive Voice: By whom has the glass been broken?

Active Voice: Who will do the work?
Passive Voice: By whom will the work be done?

Source: A passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫২৯.

What is the correct active voice of the sentence: Why is a noise made?

ক
Why do they make a noise?
খ
Why has a noise been made?
গ
Why is noise made by them?
ঘ
Why they are making a noise?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Why do they make a noise?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Why do they make a noise?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর base form হয়,
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।

• Passive Voice এ যদি by + Object না থাকে এবং verb টি যদি পেশা বা নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর সাথে Related কাজ হয় তাহলে ঐ পেশা জীবী বা ঐ নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর নাম Subject হিসেবে বসাতে হবে অথবা একটি সুবিধাজনক subject ধরে নিয়ে active করতে হবে।
- সে অনুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে -ক) Why do they make a noise?

খ) এবং গ) সঠিক উত্তর হবে না কারণ, বাক্যগুলো passive form এ আছে।
ঘ) উত্তর হবে না কারণ তাহলে মূল passive voice টি present indefinite এ আছে , এছারাও বাক্যটি গঠমগত ভাবে ভুল, কারণ interrogative sentence এ WH question এরপর auxiliary verb বসে।

৫৩০.

Choose the passive form of 'Did you not read the book?'.

ক
ক) Was the book not read by you?
খ
খ) Did not the book read by you?
গ
গ) Was not the book read by you?
ঘ
ঘ) Did the book not read by you?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Was not the book read by you?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Was not the book read by you?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Do/does/did দ্বারা শুরু interrogative sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম:
Active: Do/does/did + subject + V1 + object + ?.
Passive: am, is, are, was, were + object + V3 + by + subject + ?.

৫৩১.

Change the voice: “She has made the pie.”

ক
The pie has being made by her.
খ
The pie has been made by her.
গ
The pie had made by her.
ঘ
The pie is being made by her.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The pie has been made by her.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The pie has been made by her.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice: She has made the pie.
Passive voice: The pie has been made by her.

- “She has made the pie.” - এই বাক্যটি present perfect tense এবং assertive sentence -এ আছে।
- Present perfect tense - এ থাকা assertive sentence -এর active voice - কে passive voice করার নিয়ম হলো -

• Active voice- এর object হবে passive voice - এর subject.
- তারপর Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসবে এবং মূল verb - এর past participle বসবে।
- তারপর preposition (by, with, to, at, in etc. বসবে)।
- এরপর active voice- এর subject টি passive voice - এর object হবে; (objective ফর্ম বসবে)।
- এখানে preposition - by যোগে active voice- এর subject ‘she’ - এর objective ফর্ম her বসেছে।

•তাই নিয়ম অনুসারে সঠিক passive form হবে - The pie has been made by her.

- Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৫৩২.

Passive form of - We had dug the cannel.

ক
The Cannel was dug by us.
খ
The cannel had duged by us.
গ
The Cannel had been dug by us.
ঘ
The Cannel was being dug by us.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The Cannel had been dug by us.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The Cannel had been dug by us.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
• Structure:
- Object বসবে subject হিসেবে + had been + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
- Active: We had dug the cannel.
- Passive: The cannel had been dug by us.
- এ বাক্যে Object হচ্ছে - cannel এবং এটি হবে এখন - subject
- এর পরে had been বসবে
- verb - dug এর past participle form হচ্ছে - dug
- by + Subject - We এর objective form - us বসবে।

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammer & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৩৩.

The correct passive form of ''She looks after the orphans' is-

ক
The orphans are looked after her.
খ
The orphans are looked by her.
গ
The orphans are looked after by her
ঘ
She was looked after by the orphans.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The orphans are looked after by her

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The orphans are looked after by her

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

সাধারণত intransitive verb এর passive voice হয় না। তবে intransitive Verb-এর পরে preposition যুক্ত হয়ে যদি group verb গঠন করে এবং তা transitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় তবে তার passive voice হয়।

৫৩৪.

‘He admitted that he knew the fact.’ The correct passive voice of this sentence is-

ক
He admitted that the fact was known to him
খ
It was admitted by him that the fact was known to him
গ
It was admitted by him that the fact was known by him
ঘ
It was admitted by him that he knew the fact

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

It was admitted by him that the fact was known to him

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

It was admitted by him that the fact was known to him

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Sentence এর দুই অংশকে Passive voice করার সুযোগ থাকলে দুটি clause এরই voice change করতে হয়।
know এর পরে preposition ‘to’ হবে।

৫৩৫.

Identify the passive form of the following sentence:
Who is writing the report?

ক
By whom is the report been written?
খ
Whom wrote the report?
গ
By whom is the report be written?
ঘ
By whom is the report being written?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

By whom is the report being written?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

By whom is the report being written?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Who is writing the report?
Passive: By whom is the report being written?

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- এরপর Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী modal auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

• Present Continuous Tense passive voice করার structure নিম্ন রূপ:
- Active form এর object + am/is/are + being + verb এর past participle + Active form এর Subject এর Objective form + extension.

অন্য অপশনগুলো ভুল:
ক) By whom is the report been written?
- ভুল structure — is been কখনো হয় না।

খ) Whom wrote the report?
- এটি active voice, passive নয়।

গ) By whom is the report be written?
- ভুল verb form — is be written ব্যাকরণগতভাবে ভুল।

৫৩৬.

The correct passive voice of "Do you believe him?" is -

ক
Is he believed by you?
খ
Was he believed by you?
গ
Has he been believed by you?
ঘ
Are you believed by him?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Is he believed by you?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Is he believed by you?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active Voice: "Do you believe him?"
এটি Present Indefinite Tense-এ একটি প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্য।

• Present Indefinite Tense-এর Passive Voice রূপান্তরের ফর্মুলা:
Is/Are + Object (Active Voice) + Past Participle (Verb 3rd form) +by + Subject।

সে অনুসারে,
Passive voice এ বাক্যটি হবে - "Is he believed by you?"

৫৩৭.

Mustafiz was not supported by his family members. (Make it Active)

ক
Mustafiz’s family members did not supported him.
খ
His family members did not support Mustafiz.
গ
Mustafiz’s family members did not support him.
ঘ
His family members were not supporting Mustafiz.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Mustafiz’s family members did not support him.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Mustafiz’s family members did not support him.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

➤ নিয়ম অনুযায়ী Noun আগে বসে, তারপর তার Pronoun.
এ হিসেবে Passive Voice এ Object কে Subject বানিয়ে বসানোর সময় Object এর মধ্যে যে his আছে তাকে পরিবর্তন করে Mustafiz's লিখতে হবে।
নতুবা his দ্বারা Mustafiz কে না বুঝিয়ে অন্য কাউকে বুঝাবে।
Negative বাক্যে was/were এর পরিবর্তে did বসাতে হয় এবং মূল verb এর base form বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain

৫৩৮.

The salad tastes tangy. (Make it passive)

ক
The salad is tangy if tasted.
খ
The salad is tangy when it is tasted.
গ
The salad is tasted tangy.
ঘ
All of these
ঙ
None of these.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

All of these

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

All of these

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত অপশনগুলোর মধ্যে - The salad tastes tangy. - এর passive voice হিসেবে ক), খ) এবং গ) তিনটি অপশনই সঠিক।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর ঘ) All of these.

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি Quasi-passive sentence.
- যে sentence গঠনে active কিন্তু অর্থে passive বা অন্যের দ্বারা সংঘটিত হয় এমন বোঝায়, তাকে Quasi-passive sentence বলে।
- এই ধরনের sentence কে কয়েকভাবে passive করা যায়। যেমন:

1) Active voice এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + adjective টি বসে + when/if + প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী it/they বসে + আবারো tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle.
Active: The salad tastes tangy.
Passive: The salad is tangy when it is tasted.
অথবা, The salad is tangy if it is tasted.

2) Active এর এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb এর past participle + adjective টি বসে।
Active: The salad tastes tangy.
Passive: The salad is tasted tangy.

3) Active এর এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + adjective টি বসে + If + মূল verb এর past participle.
Active: The salad tastes tangy.
Passive: The salad is tangy if tasted.

৫৩৯.

The operation cannot be done. (Make it active)

ক
Anyone must not do the operation.
খ
Anyone cannot do the operation.
গ
No one can do the operation.
ঘ
It is impossible to be do the operation.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

No one can do the operation.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

No one can do the operation.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive Voice: The operation cannot be done.
• Active Voice: No one can do the operation.

• Object ছাড়া passive voice এর বাক্যকে active করার ক্ষেত্রে সুবিধাজনক একটি subject ধরে নিয়ে করতে হয়।
- এ ধরনের object বিহীন বাক্যগুলোকে active করার সময় কাল্পনিক subject (no one, we, I, they) ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- এরপর Let বাদ যাবে,
- be done এর active form - do বসবে।

৫৪০.

Change the voice: A king may be helped even by a poor farmer.

ক
A poor farmer may be even helped a king.
খ
A poor farmer might be even helped a king.
গ
Even a poor farmer might be help a king
ঘ
Even a poor farmer may help a king.
ঙ
A poor farmer may be even help a king.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Even a poor farmer may help a king.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Even a poor farmer may help a king.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive কে Active করতে হলে,
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয় -
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb -
- Passive এর be Verb এর Form অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর Object হয়ে Verb এর পরে বসবে।
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যাবে।
- অতিরিক্ত be verb (এখানে be) বাদ যাবে।

• নিয়মানুসারে -
- Passive Voice: A king may be helped even by a poor farmer.
- Active Voice: Even a poor farmer may help a king.
• Even যেহেতু a poor farmer এর সাথে সম্পর্কিত, তাই এটা a poor farmer এর আগে বসবে।

৫৪১.

Choose the passive form of the sentence:
We hope that we will win the match.

ক
The match is hoped to be won.
খ
We hope that the match will won by us.
গ
It is hoped that the match will be won by us.
ঘ
Winning the match is hoped by us.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

It is hoped that the match will be won by us.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

It is hoped that the match will be won by us.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex এবং compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
- এরূপ ক্ষেত্রে কখনো কখনো introductory 'It' ব্যবহার করতে হয় এবং If যুক্ত clause that দ্বারা অন্য clause টির সাথে যুক্ত হয়।
- প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি complex sentence.
- তাই এর passive করবার ক্ষেত্রে উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যের প্রথম অংশে present tense রয়েছে এবং পরের clause এ future indefinite tense.
- এক্ষেত্রে উভয় clause এ ভিন্ন ভিন্ন tense থাকায় নিয়ম অনুযায়ি পরিবর্তিত হবে।

• Present indefinite tense কে passive voice করতে হলে sub+ am/is/are + মূল verb এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- সে অনুযায়ী It is hoped হয়েছে + that বসেছে।

• Future Indefinite Tense কে passive voice করতে হলে = Sub + shall/will + be + মূল verb এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী দ্বিতীয় clause টিতে - the match will be won by us - হয়েছে।

Active: We hope that we will win the match.
Passive: It is hoped that the match will be won by us.

Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition by P. C. Das.

৫৪২.

Change into passive: Do not open the windows.

ক
Let the windows not opened.
খ
Let not the windows be opened.
গ
Let opened not be the windows.
ঘ
Let the windows be not open.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let not the windows be opened.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let not the windows be opened.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: খ) Let not the windows be opened.

• Do not দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া imperative sentence -এর active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
→ প্রথমে Let not বসে;
→ Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসে;
→ be বসে;
→ মূল verb -এর past participle বসে।

• Structure: Let not + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle + extensions.

• সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক Passive form হলো- Let not the windows be opened.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৫৪৩.

Do not touch the painting. (passive)

ক
Let not the painting be touche.
খ
Let not the painting being touched.
গ
Let not the painting be touched.
ঘ
Let not the painting been touched.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let not the painting be touched.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let not the painting be touched.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Do not touch the painting.
Passive: Let not the painting be touched.

• Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে Passive Voice করতে হলে –
i) বাক্যের শুরুতে Let বসে।
ii) Active Voice এ Do not থাকলে Passive Voice এ শুধু not বসে।
iii) Active Voice এর Object – Subject এর স্থানে বসে।
iv) be বসে।
v) মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

• Active: Do not close the door.
• Passive: Let not the door be closed.

৫৪৪.

The active form of: By whom was the casement broken?

ক
Who broke the casement?
খ
Who has broken the casement?
গ
Who had broken the casement?
ঘ
By whom the casement broken?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Who broke the casement?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Who broke the casement?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

- Passive: By whom was the casement broken?
- Active: Who broke the casement?

• By whom যুক্ত Passive Voice-কে Active Voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Subject হিসেবে Who বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী verb বসে।
- Passive Voice -এর Subject - Object হয়ে বসবে।

• More examples:
- Passive: By whom was this picture painted?
- Active: Who painted this picture?

- Passive: By whom was the decision made?
- Active: Who made the decision?

৫৪৫.

Passive voice of 'The baby has lost the doll'?

ক
ক) The doll was lost by the baby
খ
খ) The doll had been lost by the baby
গ
গ) The doll has been lost by the baby
ঘ
ঘ) The doll will have been lost by the baby

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) The doll has been lost by the baby

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) The doll has been lost by the baby

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

The baby has lost the doll - বাক্যটি present perfect tense এ আছে। Passive করতে হলে, present perfect continuous tense - এর Auxiliary verb (has been) গ্রহণ করতে হবে। এবং Passive এ রূপান্তরের বেসিক Structure “Object কে Subject এ রুপান্তর + Subject অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject কে Object এ রুপান্তর” অনুসরণ করে passive করা যাবে।

৫৪৬.

People believe he is a scholar. (Make it passive)

ক
He is a scholar as people believe.
খ
He is believed to be a scholar.
গ
By people is believed a scholar.
ঘ
He is believed scholar by the people.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He is believed to be a scholar.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He is believed to be a scholar.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice কে Passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:

- Active Voice এর object টি Passive Voice এর Subject হয়।
- Active Voice এর মূল Verb এর form অনুযায়ী অতিরিক্ত ‘be’ Verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past Participle form বসে।
- Active Voice এর subject টি Passive Voice এর Object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- তবে Active Voice এর Subject People হলে, তা Passive Voice এর Object হিসেবে না লিখলেও চলে।

• সে অনুসারে, সঠিক passive form: He is believed to be a scholar.

৫৪৭.

My bike has been taken. (Change the voice)

ক
Someone have taken my bike.
খ
Someone has been taken my bike.
গ
Someone taken my bike.
ঘ
Someone has taken my bike.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Someone has taken my bike.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Someone has taken my bike.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• বাক্যে ক্রিয়ার কর্তা দেয়া না থাকলে passive থেকে active করার সময় একটি সুবিধাজনক কর্তা যেমন-
someone, somebody, people, the authority ইত্যাদি ধরে নিতে হবে।
- Take এর past participle form - taken.
- Someone এর সাথে has ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Passive Voice: My wallet has been stolen.
Active Voice: Someone has stolen my wallet.

Passive Voice: My bike has been taken.
Active Voice: Someone has taken my bike.

৫৪৮.

People speak English all over the world. (Change into Passive Voice.)

ক
English is spoken all over the world.
খ
English was spoken all over the world.
গ
English has spoken all over the world.
ঘ
English speaks all over the world.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

English is spoken all over the world.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

English is spoken all over the world.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক উত্তর: ক) English is spoken all over the world.

- Active Voice:
- People speak English all over the world.
- এই বাক্যটি একটি Active Voice-এর উদাহরণ।
- বাক্যটি Present Simple Tense-এ লেখা।

- Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর:
- নিয়ম (Present Simple Passive):
- Object + is/am/are + past participle + by + subject.

- English (object) হবে the subject.
- is (because English = singular)
- spoken (past participle of “speak”)

Passive Voice: English is spoken all over the world.

• Other options:
খ) English was spoken all over the world.
- ভুল কারণ "was" ব্যবহৃত হয় past tense বোঝাতে।
- মূল বাক্যটি present tense-এ, তাই "was spoken" হবে না।

গ) English has spoken all over the world.
- ভুল কারণ "has spoken" হল Present Perfect Tense (Active voice).
- কিন্তু এটি passive voice-এ নয়।

ঘ) English speaks all over the world.
- ভুল কারণ এখানে English কে subject করা হয়েছে ঠিকই, কিন্তু verb "speaks" বোঝাচ্ছে English কথা বলে, যা অর্থে সঠিক নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫৪৯.

You can find happiness in the darkest of times.
Make the given sentence passive:

ক
Happiness can be found by you in the darkest of times.
খ
Happiness is found you in the darkest of times.
গ
Happiness finds you in the darkest of times.
ঘ
Happiness can found by you in the darkest of times.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Happiness can be found by you in the darkest of times.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Happiness can be found by you in the darkest of times.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ক) Happiness can be found by you in the darkest of times.

- Voice পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম-
- Active voice: Subject + Verb + Object .
- Passive voice: Object + Verb + by + Subject.
- এতে বাক্যের অর্থ একই থাকে, কেবল grammatical structure পরিবর্তিত হয়।

- Active voice: You can find happiness in the darkest of times.
- প্রদত্ত active voice এ modal verb আছে,
- modal verb (can, could, should, must) থাকলে,
- verb এর অংশ হবে-
- can/could/should/must + be + verb এর past participle.
- Passive voice: Happiness can be found by you in the darkest of times.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫৫০.

Change the voice:
Let a famous leader lead our country.

ক
Let our country led by a famous leader.
খ
Let our country be led by a famous leader.
গ
Let our country to be led by a famous leader.
ঘ
Let our country being led by a famous leader.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let our country be led by a famous leader.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let our country be led by a famous leader.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: Let a famous leader lead our country.
• Passive: Let our country be led by a famous leader.

• Let + ব্যক্তিবাচক object যুক্ত Imperative sentence -এর Active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- বস্তুবাচক Object বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by + ব্যক্তিবাচক object বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: Let him complete the work.
- Passive: Let the work be completed by him.

৫৫১.

I am writing a letter- বাক্যটির সঠিক পরিবর্তিত voice হবে-

ক
ক) A letter is written by me.
খ
খ) A letter was written by me.
গ
গ) A letter was being written by me.
ঘ
ঘ) A letter is being written by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) A letter is being written by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) A letter is being written by me.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Present continuous Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম: Object টির subjective form + am being/ is being/ are being + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form. সুতরাং, সঠিক passive form হবে - A letter is being written by me.

৫৫২.

Choose the correct passive form: Why did your friend write such a letter?

ক
Why such a letter was written by your friend?
খ
Why was such a letter been written by your friend?
গ
Why such a letter was written by your friend.
ঘ
Why was such a letter written by your friend?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Why was such a letter written by your friend?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Why was such a letter written by your friend?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: Why did your friend write such a letter?
• Passive: Why was such a letter written by your friend?

• Why যুক্ত Active voice -কে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Why বসে
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- মূল Verb -এর Past Participle বসে।
- by + subject বসে।
- শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

• Structure: Why + Auxiliary Verb + Object + V₃ + by + subject + ?
• Note: Auxiliary Verb দুইটি হলে প্রথমটি Subject -এর আগে এবং দ্বিতীয়টি Subject -এর পরে বসে।

• More examples:
- Active voice: Why does he beat his brother?
- Passive voice: Why is his brother beaten by him?

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৫৫৩.

The company is going to hire new employees. (Make it passive)

ক
New employees will be hired by the company.
খ
New employees will going to hire by the company.
গ
New employees are going to be hired by the company.
ঘ
New employees are going to hired by the company.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

New employees are going to be hired by the company.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

New employees are going to be hired by the company.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: The company is going to hire new employees.
Passive: New employees are going to be hired by the company.

• Going to যুক্ত বাক্যের passive করার সময় going to এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- Structure:
Active: Subject + be verb + going to + present form of the verb + object.
Passive: Object + be verb + going to + be + verb এর past participle + subject.

• More examples:
- Active: The company is going to launch a new product.
- Passive: A new product is going to be introduced by the company.

৫৫৪.

By whom was this picture painted? (Make it active)

ক
Who has painted this picture?
খ
Who painted this picture?
গ
By whom this picture was painted?
ঘ
This picture was painted by who?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Who painted this picture?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Who painted this picture?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Passive: By whom was this picture painted?
- Active: Who painted this picture?

• By whom যুক্ত Passive Voice-কে Active Voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Subject হিসেবে Who বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী verb বসে।
- Passive Voice -এর Subject - Object হয়ে বসবে।

• More examples:
- Passive: By whom was the letter written?
- Active: Who wrote the letter?

- Passive: By whom was the decision made?
- Active: Who made the decision?

৫৫৫.

Choose the correct passive voice-

ক
ক) He annoyed me with conduct
খ
খ) I was annoyed from his conduct
গ
গ) I was annoyed with his conduct
ঘ
ঘ) I was annoyed at his conduct

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) I was annoyed at his conduct

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) I was annoyed at his conduct

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় -
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb -
- মূল verb এর past participle -
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় -
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- তবে annoyed এর সাথে সবসময় at বসে।
Active Voice: His conduct annoyed me.
Passive Voice: I was annoyed at his conduct.

সূত্র: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar and Composition (For Class 9-10).

৫৫৬.

Give me some fruits. (Make it passive)

ক
Let some fruits be given by me.
খ
Let some fruits given to me.
গ
Let some fruits be given to me.
ঘ
Let some fruits being given to me.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let some fruits be given to me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let some fruits be given to me.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু করা Imparetive sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Let দিয়ে Passive voice এর বাক্যটি শুরু হবে।
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- অনেক ক্ষেত্রে Active voice এর Verb এরপর Passive voice এ by ছাড়া অন্য preparation বসে। যেমন: to, at, on, with, for ইত্যাদি।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active voice: Give me some fruits.
• Passive voice: Let some fruits be given to me.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৫৭.

Let me show you the way. [Passive]

ক
Let the way to be shown by me.
খ
Let the way be shown by me.
গ
Let the way have been shown by me.
ঘ
Let the way shown by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let the way be shown by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let the way be shown by me.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Imparetive sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Let দিয়ে Passive voice এর বাক্যটি শুরু হবে।
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active Voice: Let me explain the problem.
• Passive Voice: Let the problem be explained by me.

Active Voice: Let me show you the way.
Passive Voice: Let the way be shown by me.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৫৮.

The passive form of: Our principal embodies all the good qualities.

ক
All the good qualities are embodied by our principal.
খ
All the good qualities is embodied to our principal.
গ
All the good qualities are embodied in our principal.
ঘ
All the good qualities are being embodied in our principal.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

All the good qualities are embodied in our principal.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

All the good qualities are embodied in our principal.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: Our principal embodies all the good qualities.
- Passive: All the good qualities are embodied in our principal.

• Present indefinite tense - এর assertive sentence -এর active voice -কে passive voice -করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
- তারপর Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb (am/is/are) বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- তারপর preposition (by, with, to, at, in etc.) বসবে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়ে যায়।

• সাধারণত, আমরা জানি passive voice এ obj এর পূর্বে preposition হিসেবে by বসে।
- তবে কিছু verb আছে যেগুলোর পরে passive এ in বসে।
- যেমন: Embody, Contain, Include, ইত্যাদি।

Source:
1. A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৫৫৯.

'The cow gives us milk' বাক্যটির Passive form হবে-

ক
ক) We are being given milk by the cow
খ
খ) We were given milk by the cow
গ
গ) Milk is given to us by the cow
ঘ
ঘ) Milk is being given to us by the cow

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Milk is given to us by the cow

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Milk is given to us by the cow

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর হবে - Milk is given to us by the cow
- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নে যে বাক্য রয়েছে, সেখানে Double object রয়েছে।

সেক্ষেত্রে-
(1) দু'টি object এর যেকোন একটি কে passive voice এর Subject করতে হয় ( +
(2) Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে +
(3) প্রদত্ত মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে +
(4) প্রদত্ত বাকী object টি বসে+
(5) by বসে +
(6) প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject টি object রূপে বসে।

যেমন:
Active: The Headmaster teaches us English.
Passive: We are taught English by the Headmaster.
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Milk is given to us by the cow

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English grammar and composition by Chowdhury & Hussain.

৫৬০.

Choose the correct sentence.
The parcel contained important materials. (Passive)

ক
Important materials were contained by the parcel.
খ
Important materials are contained to the parcel.
গ
Important materials were contained in the parcel.
ঘ
Important materials are contained at the parcel.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Important materials were contained in the parcel.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Important materials were contained in the parcel.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• কিছ কিছু Active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার ক্ষেত্রে এদের পূর্বে 'by' বসেনা।
- এ জাতীয় কিছু verb হচ্ছে - annoyed with, marvelled at, surprised at, seized with, contained in etc..

• Active: The parcel contained important materials.
- Passive: Important materials were contained in the parcel.
- এ বাক্যের object - important materials বসেছে passive voice এ subject হিসেবে।
- যেহেতু বাক্যটি past indefinite tense এ গঠিত
- তাই মূল verb হিসেবে were বসেছে ।
- তারপর verb এর past participle form.
- এরপর in + Subject এর objective form.

• এ জাতীয় আরোও একটি উদাহরণ হচ্ছে -
- Active: Panic seized the writer.
- Passive: The writer was seized with panic.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain

৫৬১.

Never ignore the certainty. (Make it passive)

ক
Let the certainty be ignored.
খ
Let never the certainty be ignored.
গ
Let be never ignore the certainty.
ঘ
Don't ignore the certainty.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let never the certainty be ignored.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let never the certainty be ignored.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Never যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে Passive করার structure:
- প্রথমে Let Never বসে
- Object টি Subject রূপে বসে
- be বসে
- মূল verb এর Past participle হয়।

তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let never a lie be told.

Active: Never ignore the certainty.
Passive: Let never the certainty be ignored.

৫৬২.

I will have eaten rice. (Make it Passive)

ক
ক) Rice will been eaten by me.
খ
খ) Rice will have eaten by me.
গ
গ) Rice will have been eaten by me.
ঘ
ঘ) Rice will have be eaten by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Rice will have been eaten by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Rice will have been eaten by me.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Future perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
- Object এর subject + shall have been /will have been + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Example:
Active: I will have eaten rice.
Passive: Rice will have been eaten by me.

Active: They will have caught the fish.
Passive: The fish will have been caught by them.

৫৬৩.

She hates people shouting at her in public. (Make it passive)

ক
In public being shouted by the people is hated by her.
খ
Shouted at in public by people is hated by her.
গ
She hates to be shouted at in public by people.
ঘ
She hates being shouted at in public by people.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

She hates being shouted at in public by people.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

She hates being shouted at in public by people.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: She hates people shouting at her in public.
Passive Voice: She hates being shouted at in public by people.

• Voice change এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Active Structure: Subject + like/remember/hate/mind + প্রথম object + (verb + ing) + দ্বিতীয় object + extension.
- এই গঠন যুক্ত বাক্যকে passive এর পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম -
- Passive Structure: Subject + like/remember/hate/mind + being + (verb + ing) এর past participle + extension + by + obj1.

• Examples:
Active Voice: I remember the cook teaching me to bake cookies.
Passive Voice: I remember being taught to bake cookies by the cook.

Active Voice: I like my teacher explaining lessons to me.
Passive Voice: I like being explained lessons by my teacher.

Active Voice: He does not mind his friends teasing him occasionally.
Passive Voice: He does not mind being teased occasionally by his friends.

৫৬৪.

I know how he did it.

ক
It was known to me how it was done by him.
খ
It is known to me how it has been done by him.
গ
It was known to me how it had been done by him.
ঘ
It is known to me how it was done by him.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

It is known to me how it was done by him.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

It is known to me how it was done by him.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: I know how he did it.
• Passive: It is known to me how it was done by him.

• Complex/compound Sentence -এর voice পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Complex/compound Sentence -কে Passive Voice করতে হলে উভয় clause -এ-ই যদি transitive verb থাকে, তাহলে উভয়েরই Passive করতে হয়।
- তবে, transitive verb বিহীন অংশ থাকলে তা অপরবর্তিত থাকবে।
- উল্লেখ্য যে, এক্ষেত্রে Sentence -এর মাঝে that, how, when. since ইত্যাদি থাকে।
- এই ধরণের Sentence গুলোকে দুইভাবে voice পরিবর্তন করা যায়।

• 1^stStructure: দ্বিতীয় অংশকে 'It' ধরে। যেমন: It is known to me how it was done by him.

• 2^ndStructure: প্রথমে দ্বিতীয় অংশের voice পরিবর্তন করে। যেমন: How it was done by him is known to me.

• প্রদত্ত Complex Sentence টির দ্বিতীয় অংশ Past Indefinite tense -এ আছে,
- Past Indefinite tense-এর Passive Voice করার নিয়ম: Active voice -এর object + was/were + verb -এর(past participle) + by+ subject -এর object.
- known -এর পর Passive Voice -এ by না বসে to বসে।
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - It is known to me how it was done by him.

৫৬৫.

Change the voice: 'Where did you see him?'

ক
ক) Where he has seen by you?
খ
খ) Where was he seen by you?
গ
গ) Where did he seen by you?
ঘ
ঘ) Where was he see by you?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) Where was he seen by you?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) Where was he seen by you?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Where যুক্ত Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়মঃ
• where + be verb (tense অনুযায়ী) + subject + vpp + by + object + ?
• Active voice: Where did you see him?
• Passive voice: Where was he seen by you?

৫৬৬.

Tell him to go. (Make it passive)

ক
Let him be tell to go.
খ
Let him be told to go.
গ
Let him to go by told.
ঘ
Let him be told by gone.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let him be told to go.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let him be told to go.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• কোনো বাক্য Verb দ্বারা আরম্ভ হওয়া imperative sentence কে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Structure: Let + object + be + verb এর past participle বসে।যেমন:
- Active voice: Tell him to go.
- Passive Voice: Let him be told to go.

৫৬৭.

Change the voice: It is impossible to find the answer.

ক
It is impossible to be found an answer.
খ
An answer can't be found.
গ
An answer is impossible to be found.
ঘ
It is impossible to found an answer.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

An answer can't be found.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

An answer can't be found.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: It is impossible to find the answer.
Passive: An answer can't be found.

• এই কাঠামো যুক্ত passive voice-এর ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণ নিয়ম ব্যবহার করা হয় না।
- এগুলো একটু ব্যতিক্রম নিয়মে passive voice করতে হয়।

• এটা ভাবার্থের বিচারে Passive Voice করতে হবে।
- It is impossible to be found a solution বা A solution is impossible to be found. সঠিক মনে হলেও সঠিক নয়।
- কারণ নিয়মানুযায়ী Adjective (Impossible) এর পর Passive Form এ কখনো infinitive to বসে না।

- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হবে - An answer can't be found.

৫৬৮.

Do you find your payment too little? (Passive)

ক
ক) Is your payment found too little to you?
খ
খ) Are your payment found too little to you?
গ
গ) Are your payment found too little by you?
ঘ
ঘ) Is your payment found too little by you?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Is your payment found too little to you?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Is your payment found too little to you?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice কে Passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- আর known এর পর preposition to ব্যবহৃত হয়।

অতএব, Do you find your payment too little? বাক্যের সঠিক Passive form: Is your payment found too little to you?

৫৬৯.

(Qs. 31-32): In each of the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active voice. Select the best one which expresses the same sentence in Passive voice.
The people in Bangladesh always resist autocracy.

ক
The people always resisted autocracy in Bangladesh.
খ
Autocracy is always resisted in Bangladesh.
গ
Autocracy is never resisted in Bangladesh.
ঘ
Autocracy is always being resisted in Bangladesh by the people.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Autocracy is always resisted in Bangladesh.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Autocracy is always resisted in Bangladesh.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice: The people in Bangladesh always resist autocracy.
• Passive voice: Autocracy is always resisted in Bangladesh.

• Present indefinite tense যুক্ত Active voice -কে Passive voice -এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice -এর object টি Passive voice -এর subject হয়।
- Tense ও subject অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb (am/is/are) বসে।
- মূল verb -এর past participle।
- তারপর Preposition হিসেবে সাধারণত by বসে।
- শেষে Active voice -এর subject টি Passive voice -এর object হয়।

• Note: people যদি Active voice -এর subject হয়, তাহলে সাধারণত Passive voice -এ সেটি না লিখলেও হয়।

• More examples:
- Active voice: The People in Bangladesh mainly eat rice.
- Passive voice: Rice is mainly eaten in Bangladesh.

• সুতরাং, সঠিক Passive voice টি হবে - Autocracy is always resisted in Bangladesh.

৫৭০.

They saw the rabbit run away. (Make it passive)

ক
The rabbit was seen run away by them.
খ
The rabbit was seen ran away by them.
গ
The rabbit was been seen run away by them.
ঘ
The rabbit was seen to run away by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The rabbit was seen to run away by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The rabbit was seen to run away by them.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
-Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, at, to, in) বসে।

• Past Indefinite Tense এর active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার সময় was/were + verb এর Past Participle বসে।
• Need, see, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch প্রভৃতি verb গুলোর পর Active Voice-এ to উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পরে to বসে।

- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর
Active: They saw the rabbit run away.
Passive: The rabbit was seen to run away by them.

৫৭১.

Choose the correct passive form of the sentence:
“Keep the door ajar.”

ক
The door is kept ajar.
খ
The door must be ajar.
গ
Let the door be kept ajar.
ঘ
The door has been ajar.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the door be kept ajar.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the door be kept ajar.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct answer: Let the door be kept ajar.

- “Keep the door ajar.”
- মূল বাক্যটি একটি imperative sentence – "Keep the door ajar" মানে "দরজাটি আধা খোলা রাখো"।
- Imperative sentence এর passive রূপ তৈরিতে সাধারণত "Let" দিয়ে শুরু করা হয়।
- Let+ Subject+ be+ verb এর past participle + rest of the sentence.
- “Keep” ক্রিয়ার passive form হবে “be kept” এবং object (the door) কে আগে বসানো হবে।
- “Let the door be kept ajar” হলো সঠিক passive রূপ যা আদেশ বা অনুরোধ প্রকাশ করে।
- বাকিরা tense বা কাঠামোর দিক থেকে ভুল হওয়ায় সঠিক উত্তর নয়।

Other options:
ক) The door is kept ajar. → এটি সাধারণ present tense (habitual action) বোঝায়; আদেশের passive নয়।

খ) The door must be ajar. → এটি অনুমান বা অবস্থা বোঝায়, নির্দেশ নয়; ভুল।

ঘ) The door has been ajar. → এটি present perfect tense; passive imperative নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫৭২.

The correct passive form of, "We insist on punctuality in the office." will be:

ক
ক) Punctuality is insisted on in the office.
খ
খ) Punctuality should be insisted in the office.
গ
গ) It is to be insisted that punctuality should be in the office.
ঘ
ঘ) Punctuality be insisted in the office.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Punctuality is insisted on in the office.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Punctuality is insisted on in the office.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Active voice কে Passive Voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object টি Passive Voice এর Subject হয়।
- Active Voice এর মূল Verb এর form অনুযায়ী অতিরিক্ত ‘be’ Verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past Participle form বসে।
- Active Voice এর subject টি Passive Voice এর Object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

তবে Active Voice এর Subject হিসেবে one, we থাকলে Passive Voice এ অনেক সময় সেটা উহ্য রাখা হয়।

সে অনুসারে, সঠিক passive form: Punctuality is insisted on in the office.

৫৭৩.

(Qs. 86-88): In each of the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active voice. Select the best one which expresses the same sentence in Passive voice.
The committee agreed to reschedule the session.

ক
The committee agreed that the session should rescheduled.
খ
The session was rescheduled by the committee.
গ
The session was being rescheduled by the committee.
ঘ
The committee agreed that the session should be rescheduled.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The committee agreed that the session should be rescheduled.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The committee agreed that the session should be rescheduled.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice: The committee agreed to reschedule the session.
• Passive voice: The committee agreed that the session should be rescheduled.

• Agree / be anxious / arrange / determine / be determined / decide / demand + infinitive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice করতে হলে:
- প্রথমে প্রদত্ত active voice -এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসে।
- Infinitive -এর পরের object বসবে।
- should be বসে।
- Infinitive -এর past participle বসে।

• Structure: Subject + verb + that + object + should be + past participle of Infinitive.

Source:
1. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৫৭৪.

Cook dinner. (Make it passive)

ক
Let the dinner be cooked.
খ
Let dinner be cooked.
গ
Let dinner being cooked.
ঘ
Let the dinner been cooked.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let dinner be cooked.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let dinner be cooked.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: Cook dinner.
Passive Voice: Let dinner be cooked.

• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া imperative sentence এর active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসবে;
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে;
- be বসবে;
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

• Structure: Let + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle + extensions.

৫৭৫.

Choose the correct passive form of the sentence: "She suggested learning a new language"?

ক
She suggest a new language should be learned.
খ
She wants that a new language should be learned.
গ
She suggested that a new language should be learned.
ঘ
A new language should be learned by her.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

She suggested that a new language should be learned.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

She suggested that a new language should be learned.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• advice/ insist/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসে,
- gerund এর পরের object টি বসে,
- should be বসে,
- প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে তার past participle হয়।

Active: He suggested giving up smoking.
Passive: He suggested that smoking should be given up.

Active: She suggested learning a new language.
Passive: She suggested that a new language should be learned.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৭৬.

The correct sentence in passive voice of 'karim told Rahim to give up smoking' is-

ক
ক) Rahim was told to give up smoking .
খ
খ) Karim was told to give up smoking.
গ
গ) Rahim is told to give up smoking.
ঘ
ঘ) Karim requested Rahim to give up smoking.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Rahim was told to give up smoking .

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Rahim was told to give up smoking .

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Karim told Rahim to give up smoking.
Passive: Rahim was told to give up smoking by Karim.
Or, Rahim was told by Karim to give up smoking.
Or, Rahim was told to give up smoking.

৫৭৭.

He made me finish the work.

ক
The work was finished by him.
খ
I made him to do the work by him.
গ
I was made to finish the work by him.
ঘ
He made me finished the work with him.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

I was made to finish the work by him.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

I was made to finish the work by him.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice: He made me finish the work.
• Passive voice: I was made to finish the work by him.

• Bare Infinitive যুক্ত Active voice -কে Passive voice করতে হলে:
- অর্থাৎ, Active voice -এ make, help, have, see, watch, notice, hear, feel + Obj + Bare Infinitive ( To বিহীন Verb -এর base form) থাকে।
- যেমন: He made me finish the work.
- এই বাক্যে উহ্যভাবে একটি to আছে। তাই একে Bare Infinitive বলা হয়।
- এই বাক্যটিকে passive করতে হলে 'He made me' এই অংশটিকে passive করতে হবে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Object -কে Subject করতে হবে।
- Tense ও subject অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb (was) বসে।
- তারপর মূল Verb -এর Past Participle বসবে।
- তারপর Active voice -এ উহ্য থাকা to বসবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- শেষে by + Active voice -এর Subject টি Object হবে।

• More examples:
- Active: I make him do the work.
- Passive: He was made to do the work by me.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৫৭৮.

Make the following sentence passive:
“Who has solved the problem?”

ক
By whom has the problem been solved?
খ
Who has been solvd the problem?
গ
The problem has solved by whom?
ঘ
By whom the problem has solved?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

By whom has the problem been solved?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

By whom has the problem been solved?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: By whom has the problem been solved?

- Who has solved the problem?
• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।
- By whom has the problem been solved?

Other Options:
খ) Who has been solved the problem?
- ভুল, কারণ subject “Who” passive sentence এ ভুলভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।

গ) The problem has solved by whom?
- ভুল, কারণ “has solved” এর আগে been দরকার, passive tense সঠিক নয়।

ঘ) By whom the problem has solved?
- auxiliary verb এর ক্রম ভুল (should be “has the problem been solved”).

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫৭৯.

Change into passive: The city planner is making all the arrangements.

ক
ক) The all arrangements have been made by the city planner.
খ
খ) All the arrangements are being made by the city planner.
গ
গ) All the arrangements are making by the city planner.
ঘ
ঘ) The all arrangements had been making by the city planner.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) All the arrangements are being made by the city planner.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) All the arrangements are being made by the city planner.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের সঠিক passive voice হবে: All the arrangements are being made by the city planner.

নিয়ম অনুযায়ী-
• Present continuous tense যুক্ত বাক্যকে active voice থেকে passive voice রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম হলো-
• Object এর subject+ am being/is being/are bein + verb এর past participle form+ by+ subject এর object।
• তাই প্রদত্ত বাক্যের সঠিক উত্তর হবে All the arrangements are being made by the city planner

Source: Advanced Learner’s HSC Communicative English grammar & composition, Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৮০.

They were playing basketball after school. (Make it Passive)

ক
ক) Basketball were being played by them after school.
খ
খ) Basketball was being played by them after school.
গ
গ) Basketball were played by them after school.
ঘ
ঘ) Basketball was played by them after school.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) Basketball was being played by them after school.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) Basketball was being played by them after school.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

- উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের Passive voice হচ্ছে Basketball was being played by them after school.

• Past continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
Object এর subject + was being/were being + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.

Active: They were playing basketball after school.
Passive: Basketball was being played by them after school.

Active: They were catching fishes.
Passive: Fishes were being caught by them.

৫৮১.

Anis was called a hero for his brave actions. (Make it active)

ক
It was hero Anis was called for his brave actions.
খ
People did call Anis a hero for being his brave actions.
গ
People called Anis a hero for his brave actions.
ঘ
Hero for his brave actions was called to Anis.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

People called Anis a hero for his brave actions.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

People called Anis a hero for his brave actions.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• আমজনতার সাথে Related কাজ হলে Subject হিসেবে People বসাতে হবে।

- প্রথমে People বসাতে হবে।

- মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb 'was' বাদ যাবে।

- মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb এর গঠন অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।

- Subject টি Object হবে।

- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Passive Voice: Anis was called a hero for his brave actions.

Active Voice: People called Anis a hero for his brave actions.

৫৮২.

What is active voice?

ক
ক) When the subject is the one doing the action.
খ
খ) When the subject is receiving the action.
গ
গ) The sentence contains an action verb.
ঘ
ঘ) When the subject is unknown to the reader.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) When the subject is the one doing the action.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) When the subject is the one doing the action.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Voice = ক্রিয়া প্রকাশের ভঙ্গিমাকেই voice বা বাচ্য বলে। ক্রিয়ার প্রকাশভঙ্গি বলে দেয় কর্তা কাজটি নিজে করছে, না কর্তার দ্বারা কোন কাজ সম্পন্ন হচ্ছে।
Active voice = যে sentence এ subject নিজে সক্রিয় হয়ে কাজ সম্পন্ন করে সে sentence এ verb এর Active voice হয়।
Passive voice = যে sentence এ subject নিজে কাজটি করে না বরং object এর কাজটি তার ওপর এসে পড়ে তখন সে sentence এ verb এর passive voice হয়।
Active voice এ subject নিজে কাজ করে। passive voice এ subject টি কাজটিকে গ্রহণ করে অর্থাৎ কাজটি তার উপর পতিত হয়।
উৎস: Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

৫৮৩.

The passive form of the sentence, "Who did the work?" is -

ক
By whom the work was done?
খ
Whom had the work done by?
গ
By whom was the work done?
ঘ
Who was the work done?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

By whom was the work done?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

By whom was the work done?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is: গ) By whom was the work done?

• Who - এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমেই By whom বসবে।
- তারপর Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসবে।
- তারপর active voice- এর object টি passive voice - এর subject হবে।
- তারপর মূল verb - এর past participle বসবে।
- Sentence টি interrogative sentence - এ-ই থাকবে, তাই শেষে interrogative চিহ্ন '?' বসবে।

Active voice: Who did the sum?
Passive voice: By whom was the sum done?

Active: Who did the work?
Passive: By whom was the work done?

অন্য অপশনগুলো ভুল:
ক) By whom the work was done?
- Interrogative structure ভুল।
- Question form এ auxiliary verb আগে আসে।

খ) Whom had the work done by?
- ভুল tense এবং structure.

ঘ) Who was the work done?
- অর্থ ও structure—দুটোই ভুল।
-"Who" ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে, কিন্তু passive voice-এ subject “by whom” হওয়া উচিত।
- "by" preposition নেই।

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৮৪.

Change the voice: Please check your phone.

ক
You are being requested to check your phone.
খ
You were requested to check your phone.
গ
You have been requested to check your phone.
ঘ
You are requested to check your phone.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

You are requested to check your phone.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

You are requested to check your phone.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Voice,

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb.
- মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

- Active voice এর শুরুতে Please থাকলে passive voice এ you are requested to বসে,
- active voice টি present এ রয়েছে তাই passive voice এ present tense হবে।

Correct answer: You are requested to check your phone.

৫৮৫.

Who killed the cat? (Passive)

ক
The cat was killed by who?
খ
By whom was the cat be killed?
গ
By who the cat was killed?
ঘ
By whom was the cat killed?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

By whom was the cat killed?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

By whom was the cat killed?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice: Who killed the cat?
• Passive voice: By whom was the cat killed?

• Who যুক্ত interrogative sentence - এর active voice - কে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Who - এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমেই By whom বসবে।
- তারপর Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসবে।
- তারপর active voice- এর object টি passive voice - এর subject হবে।
- তারপর মূল verb -এর past participle বসবে।
- Sentence টি interrogative sentence - এই থাকবে, তাই শেষে interrogative চিহ্ন “?” বসবে।

• Note: দুটি auxiliary verb থাকলে একটি subject এর আগে, এবং অপরটি subject -এর পরে বসে।

• Structure: By whom + Auxiliary verb (tense অনুযায়ী) + sub + verb -এর past participle + ?

• More examples:
- Active Voice: Who will do the work?
- Passive Voice: By whom will the work be done?

- Active Voice: Who is calling me?
- Passive Voice: By whom am I being called?

Source: Applied English Grammar And Composition by P.C. Das.

৫৮৬.

'Tell him to eat.' The correct passive voice is -

ক
ক) Let him told to eat.
খ
খ) Let he be told to eat.
গ
গ) Let him tell to be gone.
ঘ
ঘ) Let him be told to eat.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) Let him be told to eat.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) Let him be told to eat.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

এই প্রশ্নটিতে imperative sentence এর voice দেখানো হয়েছে।
Imperative sentence এর passive গঠণ প্রক্রিয়া:
Let + obj. + be + V3 + ext.
অপশন d তে গঠণটি মিলার কারণে তাই উত্তর।
অপশন a ও c তে v3 এর পূর্বে be না দেয়ায় তা ভুল হয়েছে।
অপশন b তে let এর পরে subjective রূপ বসানোয় তা ভুল হয়েছে। মনে রাখতে হবে let এর পর সর্বদা pronoun এর objective রূপ বসবে।
উৎস: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hossain

৫৮৭.

The teacher suggested postponing the meeting. [Passive]

ক
The teacher suggested that the meeting have to be postponed.
খ
The teacher suggested that the meeting postponed.
গ
The teacher suggested the meeting should be postpond.
ঘ
The teacher suggested that the meeting should be postponed.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The teacher suggested that the meeting should be postponed.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The teacher suggested that the meeting should be postponed.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Roman suggested giving up smoking.
Passive: Roman suggested that smoking should be given up.

Active: The teacher suggested postponing the meeting.
Passive: The teacher suggested that the meeting should be postponed.

Options,

অপশন বিশ্লেষণ:
ক) The teacher suggested that the meeting have to be postponed.
- “have to be postponed” বাধ্যবাধকতা (obligation) বোঝায়, suggestion নয়, তাই এটি ভুল।

খ) The teacher suggested that the meeting postponed.
- should be নেই তাই এটি grammatically ভুল।

গ) The teacher suggested the meeting should be postpond.
- এখানে that নেই তাছাড়া “postpond” spelling ভুল (সঠিক বানান postponed).

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৮৮.

The bed feels soft. (make it passive)

ক
The bed is soft when it feels.
খ
The bed is soft when it is felt.
গ
The bed is felt when it is softer.
ঘ
The bed feels softer.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The bed is soft when it is felt.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The bed is soft when it is felt.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: The bed is soft when it is felt.
- প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি Quasi-passive sentence.
- কারণ যে sentence গঠনগতভাবে active কিন্তু অর্থগত দিক থেকে Passive বা অন্যের দ্বারা সংঘটিত হয় এমন বোঝায়, তাকে Quasi-passive sentence বলে।

• এই ধরনের sentence কে দুই ভাবে passive করা যায়। যেমন:
- Active voice এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে
- tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + adjective টি বসে
- when + প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী it/they বসে
- আবারো tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb+ মূল verb এর past participle.

- Active voice: The bed feels soft.
- Passive voice: The bed is soft when it is felt.

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৫৮৯.

Choose the passive form of the sentence:
The stone feels rough.

ক
The stone is rough when it is feel.
খ
The stone is rough when it is felt.
গ
The stone is feel rough.
ঘ
It is rough to feel the stone.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The stone is rough when it is felt.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The stone is rough when it is felt.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি Quasi-passive sentence.
- যে sentence গঠনে active কিন্তু অর্থে passive বা অন্যের দ্বারা সংঘটিত হয় এমন বোঝায়, তাকে Quasi-passive sentence বলে।

Two types quasi-Passive voice (কর্মকর্তৃবাচ্য):
- Verbs with complement.
- Verbs without complement.

• Verbs without complement:
Active: The book is printing
Passive: The book is being printed.
Active: The house is building.
Passive: The house is being built.
Active: The drums are beating.
Passive: The drums are being beaten.

• Verbs with compliment:
Active: Honey tastes sweet.
Passive: Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
Active: The stone feels rough.
Passive: The stone is rough when it is felt.
Active: This composition reads well.
Passive: This composition sounds well when it is read.

৫৯০.

The children's performance amazed us. (Make it passive)

ক
We were amazed by the children's performance.
খ
We were amazed with the children's performance.
গ
We were amazed at the children's performance.
ঘ
We were amazed over the children's performance.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

We were amazed at the children's performance.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

We were amazed at the children's performance.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to,in) বসে।

• বিস্মিত অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে amazed এর পর appropriate preposition হিসেবে at বসে।
- যেহেতু প্রশ্নে ব্যক্তির কাজের উপর সন্তুষ্টি বোঝানো হয়েছে তাই amazed at বসবে।

• Active Voice: The children's performance amazed us.
- Passive voice: We were amazed at the children's performance.

৫৯১.

Change into passive voice:
Solve this problem.

ক
The problem is solved by you.
খ
You are solved with the problem.
গ
Let the problem be solved by you.
ঘ
Let you solve the problem.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the problem be solved by you.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the problem be solved by you.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু imperative বাক্যের passive গঠন-
Let + object + be + v3 (past participle) + by + বাকি অংশ।
সুতরাং, ‘Solve this problem’- এর passive voice হবে ‘Let the problem be solved by you.’

৫৯২.

"He is heating the thief" - বাক্যটির সঠিক Passive form-

ক
ক) The thief was being beaten by him.
খ
খ) The thief is being beat by him.
গ
গ) The thief is beaten by him.
ঘ
ঘ) The thief is being beaten by him.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) The thief is being beaten by him.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) The thief is being beaten by him.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Present continuous Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
Object টির subjective form + am being/ is being/ are being + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.

সে অনুসারে সঠিক passive form - The thief is being beaten by him.

৫৯৩.

Change the voice of the following sentence:
'The teacher assigned the students a project.'

ক
The students were assigned a teacher by the project.
খ
A project was assigned to the teacher by the students.
গ
A project assigned the students by the teacher.
ঘ
A project was assigned to the students by the teacher.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

A project was assigned to the students by the teacher.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

A project was assigned to the students by the teacher.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

'The teacher assigned the students a project.' - এই sentence এ double object আছে।

• Double object যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
1) দুটি object এর যেকোন একটিকে passive voice এর subject করতে হয় (তবে ব্যক্তিবাচক অর্থাৎ Indirect object- কে subject করাই শ্রেয়) +
2) Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে +
3) প্রদত্ত মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে +
4) প্রদত্ত বাকী object টি বসে +
5) by বসে +
6) প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject টি object রূপে বসে।

Active: The teacher assigned the students a project.
Passive: A project was assigned to the students by the teacher.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৯৪.

Change the voice: 'The assignment had already been completed by him.'

ক
He was already completed the assignment.
খ
He has already completed the assignment.
গ
He had already completed the assignment.
ঘ
He had been already completed the assignment.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He had already completed the assignment.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He had already completed the assignment.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past perfect Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Object টি subjective form +
- had been +
- মূল verb এর past participle +
- by +
- subject এর objective form.

প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Passive voice এ আছে। এক্ষেত্রে Active voice এর structure হবে -
Subject + had + past participle (main verb) + rest of the sentence.
- অর্থাৎ, Passive voice এর object টি subject হবে + had + V₃ + subject এর objective form + rest of the sentence.

Passive: The assignment had already been completed by him.
Active: He had already completed the assignment.

৫৯৫.

Water the plants daily. (Change the voice)

ক
The plants be watered daily.
খ
Let daily the plants be watered.
গ
Let the plants be watered daily.
ঘ
Let the plants daily be watered.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the plants be watered daily.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the plants be watered daily.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসবে;
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে;
- be বসবে;
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

Structure: Let + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle + extensions.

Active: Water the plants daily.
Passive: Let the plants be watered daily.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৯৬.

What is the passive form of the sentence 'I had made breakfast'?

ক
Breakfast had made by me.
খ
Breakfast have been made by me.
গ
Breakfast was being made by me.
ঘ
Breakfast had been made by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Breakfast had been made by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Breakfast had been made by me.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি Past Perfect Tense এ রয়েছে।

• Present Perfect Tense এর interrogative sentence কে passive voice করার জন্য structure:
- Object টি subjective form + had been + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক passive voice টি হচ্ছে - Breakfast had been made by me.

৫৯৭.

The passive form of 'Don't do it' is -

ক
ক) Let it not be done.
খ
খ) Let it be done.
গ
গ) Let it be not done.
ঘ
ঘ) Let not it be done.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Let it not be done.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Let it not be done.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let not বসে + Object টি subject রূপে বসে + be বসে + মূল Verb-এর Past Participle বসে।

- কিন্তু, যদি Object টি pronoun হয়, তবে Let + pronoun+ not + be + মূল Verb-এর Past Participle বসে।
- সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Let it not be done. ( এখানে object it হচ্ছে pronoun)

৫৯৮.

The man refused him admittance. (Passive)

ক
Admittance is refused to him by the man.
খ
Admittance was refused by the man to him.
গ
He was refused admittance by the man.
ঘ
Admittance is refused him by the man.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He was refused admittance by the man.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He was refused admittance by the man.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: The man refused him admittance.
Passive Voice: He was refused admittance by the man. (অপশন 'গ')

• Past indefinite tense যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম -
→ প্রথমে object = him, passive voice- এ subject = He রূপে বসেছে।
→ Passive voice- এ subject = He এর পর active voice- এর tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb = was বসেছে।
→ 'was' এরপর principal verb- এর past participle form = refused বসেছে।
→ refused এরপর admittance = optional agent হিসেবে বসেছে।
→ এরপর by বসেছে।
→ 'by' এরপর active voice এর subject = The man, passive voice এ object = tha man রূপে বসেছে।

৫৯৯.

"He wants me to do the project." (Make it passive)

ক
The project is wanted by him to do.
খ
He wants the project to do by me.
গ
He wants the project to be done by me.
ঘ
The project is to be done by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He wants the project to be done by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He wants the project to be done by me.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: He wants me to do the project.
• Passive: He wants the project to be done by me.

• Subject -এর পর like/love/want/wish/desire, etc. + object + infinitive যুক্ত Active Voice-কে Passive Voice-রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত active voice -এর subject + verb অপরিবর্তিত থাকে,
- তারপরে infinitive -এর পরের বস্তুবাচক object (যদি থাকে) বসে,
- এরপরে to be বসে,
- তারপরে infinitive -এর পরের verb-এর past participle বসে।
- শেষে by + ব্যক্তিবাচক object বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: He wants someone to take pictures.
- Passive: He wants pictures to be taken.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৬০০.

The commander said to the soldiers, "Remain still." (Make it Indirect)

ক
The commander said the soldiers to remain still.
খ
The commander command the soldiers to remain still.
গ
The commander commanded the soldiers to remain still.
ঘ
The commander told the soldiers remain still.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The commander commanded the soldiers to remain still.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The commander commanded the soldiers to remain still.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, তা না হলে tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়;
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে;
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Structure: Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Direct: The commander said to the soldiers, "Remain still."
Indirect: The commander commanded the soldiers to remain still.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC by Chowdhury & Hossain.