Active and Passive Voice

PrepBank · পাতা ২ / ১৩ · ১০১–২০০ / ১,২৭৭

১০১.

Let her finish the work. (Make it passive)

ক
Let her finished the work.
খ
Let the work be finishe.
গ
Let the work be finish by her.
ঘ
Let the work be finished by her.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Let the work be finished by her.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Let the work be finished by her.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: Let her finish the work.
Passive Voice: Let the work be finished by her.

- Active voice যদি Imperative sentence হয় এবং তার শুরুতে যদি Let থাকে, তবে তাকে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে
- তারপর active voice এর object বসে।
- be + মূল verb এর Past participle form বসে।
- সাধারনত by বসে এবং তারপর active voice এর let এর পরের object টি বসে।
- Structure: Let +object+ Be+মূল verb এর past participle + object.

১০২.

The passive form of “Has he not seen the car?”

ক
ক) Has the car not been seen by him?
খ
খ) Has not the car seen by him?
গ
গ) Has not seen a car by him?
ঘ
ঘ) Has not a car seen by him?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Has the car not been seen by him?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Has the car not been seen by him?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

am/is/are/was/were/have/has/had - এর ক্ষেত্রে যে auxiliary থাকবে তাই থাকবে ।
শুধু আপনাকে tense অনুসারে বাকি পরিবর্তন করে নিতে হবে।
Have/Has/Had + subject (Object থেকে আসা) + been + v3 + by object (subject থেকে আসা)

১০৩.

Did Rajib do the work? (Make it passive)

ক
Was the work by Rajib done?
খ
Is the work done by Rajib?
গ
Wasn't the work done by Rajib?
ঘ
Was the work done by Rajib?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Was the work done by Rajib?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Was the work done by Rajib?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: Did Rajib do the work?
• Passive: Was the work done by Rajib?

• Active Voice এ Auxiliary Verb হিসেবে ‘did’ থাকলে passive voice এ এর পরিবর্তে was/were বসে। ‍
- এখানে Subject – singular হওয়ায় was বসবে।
- তারপর Object – Subject হয়ে বসবে।
- তারপর মূল Verb এর Past Participle.
- এর পর by হবে।
- তারপর Subject এর Objective Form.

১০৪.

The manager agreed to change the schedule. [passive]

ক
The manager agreed that the schedule have to be changed.
খ
The manager agreed that the schedule has been changed.
গ
The manager agreed that the schedule to be changed.
ঘ
The manager agreed that the schedule should be changed.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The manager agreed that the schedule should be changed.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The manager agreed that the schedule should be changed.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

Active: Proma decided to sell the house.
Passive: Proma decided that the house should be sold.

Active: The manager agreed to change the schedule.
Passive: The manager agreed that the schedule should be changed.

Other options,

ক) The manager agreed that the schedule have to be changed. → Present/Future বাধ্যবাধকতা বোঝায়, যা মূল বাক্যের সাথে সামঞ্জস্যপূর্ণ নয়।

খ) The manager agreed that the schedule has been changed. → এটি ইতিমধ্যেই পরিবর্তন হয়ে গেছে বোঝায়, কিন্তু মূল বাক্যে এমনটা বলা হয়নি।

গ) The manager agreed that the schedule to be changed. → এখানে অসম্পূর্ণ structure, modal verb নেই।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১০৫.

'Tell him to do it' বাক্যটির Passive form হবে-

ক
ক) Let him be told to do it
খ
খ) He may be told to do it
গ
গ) Let him told to do it
ঘ
ঘ) Let him tell to do it

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Let him be told to do it

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Let him be told to do it

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• কোনো বাক্য Verb দ্বারা আরম্ভ হওয়া imperative sentence কে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- object বসে।
- be বসে।
- verb এর past participle বসে।

Example:
Active voice: Tell him to do it.
Passive Voice: Let him be told to do it.

সেই অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর, Let him be told to do it.

১০৬.

Change the voice: I am to do it.

ক
It is to done by me.
খ
It has to be done by me.
গ
It is to be done by me.
ঘ
It can be done by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

It is to be done by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

It is to be done by me.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Active Voice কে Passive Voice করতে হলে সাধারণত ৫টি কাজ করতে হয়।
১. Object → Subject হবে আর Subject -> Object হবে।
২. যদি কোন Auxiliary Verb থাকে, তাহলে সেটা বসবে।
৩. অতিরিক্ত একটি be verb বসবে।
৪. মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসবে।
৫. একটি Preposition (by / to / with / at/in) বসবে।

• Active voice এ Be Verb যে রকম Passive এ Be Verb সেরকম বসাতে হয়।

• অতিরিক্ত Be Verb বসানোর নিয়ম:
- মূল Verb এর আগে যদি to অথবা কোন Modal Auxiliary (যেমন can, may, shall, will ইত্যাদি) থাকে তাহলে অতিরিক্ত be verb হিসেবে "be" বসাতে হবে।
যেমন-

Active: I am to do it.
Passive: It is to be done by me.

Source: Live MCQ English Wizard.

১০৭.

Identify the passive form of the following sentence: "Who has shattered this pitcher?"

ক
By whom has this pitcher shattered?
খ
By whom this pitcher has been shattered?
গ
Whom has this pitcher been shattered?
ঘ
By whom has this pitcher been shattered?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

By whom has this pitcher been shattered?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

By whom has this pitcher been shattered?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: Who has shattered this pitcher?
Passive Voice: By whom has this pitcher been shattered?

- Who দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া বাক্যের ক্ষেত্রে passive voice এর শুরুতে By whom, তারপর একটি auxiliary verb তারপর sentence এর subject বসে।
- Auxiliary verb টি subject এর number ও person অনুযায়ী হয়।
- Interrogative বাক্যের passive voice interrogative বাক্যই হয়।

More example:
Active Voice: Who has misplaced the key?
Passive Voice: By whom has the key been misplaced?

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.

১০৮.

Who will reimburse her? (Make it passive)

ক
Who will be reimburse her?
খ
By whom will she be reimbursed?
গ
Who would be reimbursed her?
ঘ
Whom she will be reimbursed?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

By whom will she be reimbursed?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

By whom will she be reimbursed?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: Who will reimburse her?
• Passive: By whom will she be reimbursed?

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

- reimburse এর অর্থ - ব্যয়িত অর্থ পরিশোধ করা।

১০৯.

Finish the task. (Passive Voice)

ক
The task is finished.
খ
The task has been finished.
গ
Let the task be finished.
ঘ
The task is being finished.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the task be finished.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the task be finished.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct answer: Let the task be finished.

- "Finish the task" একটি imperative sentence (আদেশ বা নির্দেশমূলক বাক্য)।
- Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:

- শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Active Voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

- প্রথমে Let বসে+ Object টি Subject রূপে বসে + be বসে + মূল Verb এর Past Participle.
- Structure:- Let + object টি Subject হয়+be+মূল verb এর Past Participle. যেমন -

Active: Finish the task.
Passive: Let the task be finished.

• Other options:
ক) The task is finished.
- এটি একটি present tense বাক্য, যা passive নয় এবং imperative structure-ও নয়।

খ) The task has been finished.
- এটি present perfect tense-এর passive, imperative বাক্য নয়।

ঘ) The task is being finished.
- এটি present continuous passive, কিন্তু imperative রূপান্তর নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১১০.

How can they explain the mistake? (Make it passive)

ক
How could the mistake be explained by them?
খ
How can the mistake be explained by them?
গ
How the mistake can be explained by them?
ঘ
Can be the mistake explained by them?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

How can the mistake be explained by them?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

How can the mistake be explained by them?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active voice: How can they explain the mistake?
- Passive voice: How can the mistake be explained by them?

• Where, When, Why, How যুক্ত sentence কে Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এ Where, When, How দিয়ে sentence শুরু হবে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে (modal verb -এর থাকলে be বসে)।
- Active voice এর subject, passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- by + Active voice এর subject passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

Active voice: Where did you find him?
Passive voice: Where was he found by you?

১১১.

Saint Martin grows coconut. (make it passive)

ক
Coconut is grown in Saint Martin.
খ
Coconut grows in Saint Martin.
গ
Coconut is grown to Saint Martin.
ঘ
Coconut is being grown in Saint Martin.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Coconut is grown in Saint Martin.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Coconut is grown in Saint Martin.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর:
- Active Voice এর Subject, Passive Voice এর Verb এর Object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Active Voice এর object, Passive Voice এর Verb এর Subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Tense এবং mood অনুযায়ী be verb বসে।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- Object এর পূর্বে by (to/ with/at/in) Preposition বসে।

Example:
Active: Saint Martin grows coconut.
Passive: Coconut is grown in Saint Martin.

১১২.

Choose the correct passive form of the sentence: "He recommended reading a good book."

ক
A good book should be read by him.
খ
He wants that a good book should be read.
গ
He recommended that a good book should be read.
ঘ
He recommends that a good book should be read.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He recommended that a good book should be read.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He recommended that a good book should be read.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

→ Correct Answer: He recommended that a good book should be read.

- যখন advice, insist, propose, recommend, অথবা suggest এর পর gerund (verb + ing) এবং object থাকে, তখন passive voice করার নিয়ম হলো:
- Active voice এর subject এবং verb থাকবে।
- That যুক্ত হবে।
- Gerund এর পরবর্তী object বসবে।
- Should be বসবে।
- Gerund টি verb এর past participle হয়ে যাবে।

অর্থাৎ নিয়ম অনুসারে "He recommended reading a good book." বাক্যটির passive voice হচ্ছে- "He recommended that a good book should be read."

Active: He suggested giving up smoking.
Passive: He suggested that smoking should be given up.
Active: She suggested learning a new language.
Passive: She suggested that a new language should be learned.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১১৩.

Does he always help his relatives? (Passive)

ক
Did his relatives always helped by him?
খ
Do his relatives always helped by him?
গ
Were his relatives always helped by him?
ঘ
Are his relatives always helped by him?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Are his relatives always helped by him?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Are his relatives always helped by him?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active Voice: Does he always help his relatives?
- Passive Voice: Are his relatives always helped by him?

• Do/Doeds/Did যুক্ত interrogative Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb হিসেবে am/is/are/was/were বসে।
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By) বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: Did you see the movie yesterday?
- Passive: Was the movie seen by you yesterday?

১১৪.

The correct passive form of "Mr. Das teaches us English." is -

ক
English teaches us by Mr. Das.
খ
Mr. Das is taught English to us.
গ
We are taught English by Mr. Das.
ঘ
English is teaching us by Mr. Das.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

We are taught English by Mr. Das.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

We are taught English by Mr. Das.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - গ) We are taught English by Mr. Das.

• Active থেকে passive voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- প্রদত্ত মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- by বসে।
- active voice এর subject টি object হিসেবে বসে।
- কোনো sentence এ দুটি object-এর মধ্যে যে কোন object-কে subject করা যায়।
- কিন্তু indirect object বা person object- কে subject করাই অধিক যথাযথ।
- এক্ষেত্রে অন্য যে object-টি Object হিসাবে থেকে যায়, তাকে বলে Retained Object.

• Example:
- Active: Mr. Das teaches us English.
- Passive: We are taught English by Mr. Das.
- Passive: English is taught us by Mr. Das.

- Active: They handed him a leaflet.
- Passive: He was handed a leaflet by them.
- Passive: A leaflet was handed him by them.

Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition by P. C. DAS.

১১৫.

Change the voice: 'Open the door in the living room.'

ক
Let be opened the door in the living room.
খ
Let the door in the living room should be opened.
গ
Let the door in the living room be opened.
ঘ
The door in the living room might be opened.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the door in the living room be opened.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the door in the living room be opened.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে,
শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
i) প্রথমে Let বসে +
ii) Object টি Subject রূপে বসে +
iii) be বসে +
iv) Verb এর past participle বসে।

Active: Open the door in the living room.
Passive: Let the door in the living room be opened.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

১১৬.

Change the voice.
Never trust a false friend.

ক
Let a false friend be never trusted.
খ
Let never trusted a false fried.
গ
Let never be trusted a false friend.
ঘ
Let never a false friend be trusted.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Let never a false friend be trusted.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Let never a false friend be trusted.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Never যুক্ত Imperative sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let never বসে + বাক্যের object হবে subject + be বসে + মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- Active: Never trust a false friend.
- Passive: Let never a false friend be trusted.
- এক্ষেত্রে বাক্যের শুরুতে গঠন অনুযায়ী Let never বসেছে।
- তারপর বাক্যের object a false friend হবে subject।
- তারপর be বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form trusted বসেছে।

Source: Advance Learners English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১১৭.

Identify the correct passive sentence.

ক
The meeting is to be reschedule.
খ
The meeting to be rescheduled.
গ
The meeting is to be rescheduled.
ঘ
The meeting is to rescheduled.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The meeting is to be rescheduled.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The meeting is to be rescheduled.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice এর structure:
Subject + Auxiliary verb + to be + verb এর past participle.

১১৮.

Being a failure, she punished herself. (Make it passive)

ক
Being a failure, she herself was punished.
খ
Being a failure, she was punished by herself.
গ
Being a failure, she herself was punished by her.
ঘ
Herself was punished by her for being a failure.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Being a failure, she was punished by herself.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Being a failure, she was punished by herself.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Being a failure, she punished herself.
Passive: Being a failure, she was punished by herself.

• Reflexive object (Herself, himself, myself, themself, ourself etc) যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
• Structure:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর Subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় Passive voice এর Subject হিসাবে প্রথমে বসে
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by বসে + Reflexive object টি বসে।

যেমন:
• Active: He killed himself.
- Passive: He was killed by himself.

১১৯.

Change the voice. The chef is cooking a delicious meal in the kitchen.

ক
ক) A delicious meal is being cooked by the chef in the kitchen.
খ
খ) A delicious meal was cooked by the chef in the kitchen.
গ
গ) A delicious meal has been cooked by the chef in the kitchen.
ঘ
ঘ) A delicious meal is cooking by the chef in the kitchen.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) A delicious meal is being cooked by the chef in the kitchen.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) A delicious meal is being cooked by the chef in the kitchen.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি Present continuous tense এ রয়েছে।

• Active থেকে passive রূপান্তর করার প্রক্রিয়া:
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

• Present continuous tense যুক্ত active voice যে passive voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম -
• Active Voice: Subject + is/am/are+ verb+ ing + object
• Passive voice: Object is/am/are being V3+ by + subject

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - A delicious meal is being cooked by the chef in the kitchen.

১২০.

Whom is he calling? (make it passive)

ক
Whom is being called by him?
খ
Who has been called by him?
গ
Whom has been called by him?
ঘ
Who is being called by him?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Who is being called by him?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Who is being called by him?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Whom is he calling?
Passive: Who is being called by him?

• Whom যুক্ত Interrogative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Whom এর পরিবর্তে Passive voice টিতে Who বসে,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- Active Voice এ মূল verb এর সাথে "ing" থাকলে Passive Voice এ Being হবে,
- মূল verb এর Past Participle Form + বাকি অংশ বসে।
- by বসে।
- Subject এর Object form বসে।
- প্রশ্নবোধক (?) চিহ্ন বসে।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

১২১.

Change the voice: The company had ordered some new equipment before the strike began.

ক
ক) The company had been ordered some new equipment before the strike began.
খ
খ) Some new equipment had been ordered by the company before the strike began.
গ
গ) Some new equipment had to be ordered by the company before the strike began.
ঘ
ঘ) Some new equipment had been order by the company before the strike began.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) Some new equipment had been ordered by the company before the strike began.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) Some new equipment had been ordered by the company before the strike began.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের Passive form হচ্ছে some new equipment had been ordered by the company before the strike began.

• প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি Active থেকে Passive করার নিয়ম:
Structure: Active এর object হবে passive এর Subject + has/ have/ had + been + verb in past participle + other.

Active voice: The company had ordered some new equipment before the strike began.
Passive voice: Some new equipment had been ordered by the company before the strike began.

Source: CLIFFS TOEFL.

১২২.

Who has repaired the car? (Change the voice)

ক
By whom the car has been repaired?
খ
By whom has the car repaired?
গ
By whom has the car been repaired?
ঘ
By whom has repaired the car?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

By whom has the car been repaired?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

By whom has the car been repaired?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

•সঠিক passive voice টি হবে - By whom has the car been repaired?
- Who has repaired the car? - এটি একটি interrogative sentence.

• Who যুক্ত interrogative sentence - এর active voice - কে passive voice করার নিয়ম হলো -
- Who - এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমেই By whom বসবে।
- তারপর Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসবে।
- তারপর active voice- এর object টি passive voice - এর subject হবে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- তারপর মূল verb -এর past participle বসবে।
- Sentence টি interrogative sentence - এ-ই থাকবে, তাই শেষে interrogative চিহ্ন “?” বসবে।

• Structure: By whom + auxiliary verb + subject + v3 + ? / Who + auxiliary verb + subject + v3 + by + ?

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Active Voice: Who has repaired the car?
- Passive Voice: By whom has the car been repaired?

• More Example:
- Active voice: Who did the sum?
- Passive voice: By whom was the sum done?

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

১২৩.

Write the passive form of the following sentence: 'They elected him Captain.'

ক
He is elected captain by them.
খ
He was elected captain by them.
গ
he elected captain by them.
ঘ
He has elected captain by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He was elected captain by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He was elected captain by them.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রদত্ত Active voice টিতে দুটি object রয়েছে।
- যার মধ্যে captain হচ্ছে উপাধি বাচক কর্ম (factitive object).
- নিয়ম অনুযায়ী factitive object টি subject হিসেবে passive voice ব্যবহার করা যাবে না।
- এটি verb এর past participle এরপর বসে থাকে।

• The Factitive Object is used as a complement to the Transitive Verb.

• তাই Pronominal object টি passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসবে।
- Subject এবং Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Verb এর past participle বসে।
- factitive object টি বসবে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ Object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active voice: They elected him Captain.
• Passive voice: He was elected captain by them.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১২৪.

Passive voice of 'whom were you calling'? is____.

ক
ক) who are you called?
খ
খ) who were you being called?
গ
গ) who was being called by you?
ঘ
ঘ) who called by you?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) who was being called by you?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) who was being called by you?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে + Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে + Object টি Subject হয় + tense অনুযায়ী be/ being/ been বসাতে হয় + মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে + প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে: Who was being called by you?

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১২৫.

Let him write a letter. (make it passive)

ক
Let a letter being written by him.
খ
Let a letter be written by him.
গ
Let a letter written by him.
ঘ
Let him written a letter.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let a letter be written by him.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let a letter be written by him.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Let him write a letter.
Passive: Let a letter be written by him.

• Let+ ব্যাক্তিবাচক Object (me, us, you, them, him her) যুক্ত Imperative Sentence-এর Active Voice কে Passive Voce এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে,
- এরপর মূল বাক্যের Object টি ই Subject রূপে বসবে,
- তারপর "be" verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর Past Participle form + by,
- Let পরবর্তী ব্যক্তি বাচক Object টি বসে।
- Structure: Let + Object + Be + মূল Verb এর past participle form + by +Let পরবর্তী ব্যক্তি বাচক object.

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

১২৬.

Tyrion found the task challenging to perform. (Change the voice.)

ক
Tyrion had found the task challenging to perform.
খ
The task was found challenging to perform by Tyrion.
গ
The task was found challenging to be perform by Tyrion.
ঘ
The task had found challenging performed by Tyrion.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The task was found challenging to perform by Tyrion.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The task was found challenging to perform by Tyrion.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: Tyrion found the task challenging to perform.
- Passive: The task was found challenging to perform by Tyrion.

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object টি Passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice -এ যদি adjective + infinitive (to + verb) থাকে, তাহলে তা passive-এ infinitive অংশটির কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।

• More Example:
- Active: I found it easy to do.
- Passive: It was found easy to do by me.

১২৭.

Since he had not done the preliminary work, we had to cancel the meeting. (Make it passive)

ক
Since the preliminary work had not been done by him, we had to cancel the meeting.
খ
Since the preliminary work had not been done by him, we had to be canceled the meeting.
গ
Since the preliminary work had not been done by him the meeting had to be canceled by us.
ঘ
Since the preliminary work had not been done by him the meeting had cancel by us.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Since the preliminary work had not been done by him the meeting had to be canceled by us.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Since the preliminary work had not been done by him the meeting had to be canceled by us.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex এবং compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
- প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি complex sentence.
- তাই এর passive করবার ক্ষেত্রে উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

• Past perfect Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
Object টি subjective form + had been + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Since the preliminary work had not been done by him the meeting had to be canceled by us.

১২৮.

Change the voice: He called it macaroni.

ক
ক) He was called macaroni.
খ
খ) It was called macaroni by him.
গ
গ) It was called macaroni to him.
ঘ
ঘ) We called him macaroni.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) It was called macaroni by him.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) It was called macaroni by him.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

এখানে 'macaroni' হচ্ছে Factitive object.
Factitive Object:
- Select, elect, name, nominate, make, call ইত্যাদি transitive verb গুলোর object থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণরূপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত object আনতে হয়, এই অতিরিক্ত object কে Factitive object বলে। যেমন: We made him captain.

Factitive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
(i) Pronominal object (me, us, you, them, him, her) টি Subject হয়,
(ii) Tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে,
(iii) মূল verb এর past participle বসে,
(iv) Factitive object টি বসে,
(v) by বসে,
(vi) Subject টির objective form বসে।
তাই সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে- It was called macaroni by him.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১২৯.

Choose into passive : Did he do his task?

ক
Had his task done by him?
খ
Was his task done by him?
গ
Had his task been done by him?
ঘ
Was his task being done by him?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Was his task done by him?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Was his task done by him?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Did he do his task? এই বাক্যের passive form হবেঃ Auxiliary verb + obj কে subj + v3 + by + sub কে obj.
সুতরাং এর passive form হবেঃ Was his task done by him?

১৩০.

One should maintain discipline. (Passive)

ক
Discipline should being maintained.
খ
Discipline should be maintain.
গ
Discipline be maintained.
ঘ
Discipline should be maintained.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Discipline should be maintained.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Discipline should be maintained.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: One should maintain discipline.
Passive Voice: Discipline should be maintained.

• One + should যুক্ত Sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম:
1. প্রথমে object টি Subject রূপে বসে, অর্থাৎ, Active voice-এর object-কে passive voice-এর subject হিসেবে ব্যবহার করা হয়।
2. Active voice-এর "One" উঠিয়ে দেওয়া হয়।
3. should be + মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

More Examples:
Active Voice: One should keep promises.
Passive Voice: Promises should be kept.

Active Voice: One should always speak the truth.
Passive Voice: The truth should always be spoken.

১৩১.

She suggested giving up dancing. (passive)

ক
ক) She suggested that dancing should be given up.
খ
খ) Dancing would be given up by her.
গ
গ) She suggested to give up dancing.
ঘ
ঘ) She decided that She would give up dancing.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) She suggested that dancing should be given up.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) She suggested that dancing should be given up.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে:
• advice/ insist/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসে
- gerund এর পরের object টি বসে
- should be বসে
- প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে তার past participle হয়।

• তাই উল্লেখিত বাক্যটির সঠিক passive form হলো - She suggested that dancing should be given up.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain

১৩২.

Do not look down upon the poor. (Make it passive)

ক
Let the poor not be looked down upon.
খ
Let the poor be not looked down upon.
গ
Let not the poor be looked down upon.
ঘ
Let not the poor looked down upon.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let not the poor be looked down upon.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let not the poor be looked down upon.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত Imperative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let not বসে
- Object টি subject রূপে বসে
- be বসে
- মূল Verb-এর Past Participle বসে।

সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী
Active: Do not look down upon the poor.
Passive: Let not the poor be looked down upon.

১৩৩.

Choose the correct passive voice of:
"I will give you the money."

ক
The money will be given to you by me.
খ
The money is given to you by me.
গ
The money was given to you by me.
ঘ
The money has been given to you by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The money will be given to you by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The money will be given to you by me.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ক) The money will be given to you by me.

- Future Indefinite tense যুক্ত 'Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম -

- Object টি Subject হয়+ shall be/ will be বসে+ মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে+ by বসে+ Subject টির Objective form বসে।
- Structure:- Object টির Subjective form + will be/ shall be+ মূল Verb এর Past Participle + by + subject টির objective form বসে। যেমন-
Active: I shall do the work.
Passive: The work will be done by me.

• Active Voice: "I will give you the money."
- Sentence এ direct and indirect object থাকলে,
- Direct object (the money) → subject in passive.
- Indirect object (you ) → comes after the verb with "to" or "for".

Passive Voice: "The money will be given to you by me."

Other options:
খ) The money is given to you by me. - Simple Present Passive (does not match future tense).

গ) The money was given to you by me. - Simple Past Passive (does not match future tense).

ঘ) The money has been given to you by me. - Present Perfect Passive (does not match future tense).

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১৩৪.

Choose the appropriate passive form of the sentence: Salina was stitching a pant.

ক
ক) A pant was being stitch by salina.
খ
খ) A pant has been made by Salina.
গ
গ) A pant was stitched by Salina.
ঘ
ঘ) A pant was being stitched by Salina.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) A pant was being stitched by Salina.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) A pant was being stitched by Salina.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice টি যদি Past continuous tense এ হয় তবে তার Passive structure হবে Sub+ was/were + being +V3 +by+obj.

১৩৫.

What is passive form of the sentence "We teach him a good lesson'?

ক
He is teaching a good lesson by us.
খ
He is being taught a good lesson by us.
গ
He has been taught a good lesson by us.
ঘ
He is taught a good lesson by us.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He is taught a good lesson by us.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He is taught a good lesson by us.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যে দুইটি object রয়েছে - him and good lesson.

এর voice change দুইভাবে করা সম্ভব -
- He is taught a good lesson by us.
- A good lesson is taught to him by us.

Active voice এ double object থাকলে passive করার নিয়মঃ
- দুটি object- এর যেকোনটি subject হিসেবে নেয়া হয় (ব্যক্তিবাচক object-টি পরিবর্তন করা ভাল)
- Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb
- Verb-এর past participle
- অন্য object
- by
- active voice-এর subject-টি object হিসেবে লেখা হয়।

যেহেতু প্রশ্নে, He is taught a good lesson by us. রয়েছে তাই এটি সঠিক উত্তর।

১৩৬.

Passive voice of "If you're doing something important, you are working to make change happen".

ক
ক) If something important is done, work is done to make change happen.
খ
খ) something important is being done by you, you are making change happen.
গ
গ) If something important is being done, work is being done to make change happen.
ঘ
ঘ) If important is being done, change is about to happen.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) If something important is being done, work is being done to make change happen.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) If something important is being done, work is being done to make change happen.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Complex Sentence কে Passive Voice করতে হলে উভয় clause কে Passive করতে হয়।
সুতরাং,
Active Voice: If you're doing something important, you are working to make change happen.
Passive Voice: If something important is being done, work is being done to make change happen.

-----------------------
Active থেকে passive রূপান্তর করার প্রক্রিয়া:
a) Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
b) Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
c) মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

Passive এ auxiliary verb ও main verb এর গঠন:
Present tense:
Present indefinite – am/is/are + V3
Present Continuous- am being/is being/ are being + V3
Present Perfect – has been/have been + V3
Past tense:
Past indefinite – was/were + V3
Past Continuous – was being/were being + V3
Past Perfect- had been + V3
Future tense:
Future indefinite – shall be, will be + V3
Future Continuous - shall be being/ will be being + V3
Future Perfect- shall have been/ will have been + V3

১৩৭.

Change the voice of 'Nobody knows him here.'

ক
ক) He is known by nobody here.
খ
খ) Nobody knows him here.
গ
গ) He is not known here.
ঘ
ঘ) He is not known to nobody here.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) He is not known here.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) He is not known here.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive voice এ object টি subject position এ বসে। গঠনটি হয় এরূপ Object এর subjective form + auxiliary verb + verb in past participle. যেমন- He is not known here, Rice is eaten by me.

১৩৮.

The correct active form of the sentence 'Health should be taken care of is-

ক
ক) We should take care of one's health
খ
খ) One should take care of one's health
গ
গ) We should take care of ours health
ঘ
ঘ) We must take care of our health

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) One should take care of one's health

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) One should take care of one's health

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

বাক্যে ক্রিয়ার কর্তা না থাকলে passive to active করতে একটি সুবিধাজনক কর্তা যেমন One, somebody,someone ,people ইত্যাদি ধরে নিতে হয়।
তাই health এর পরিবর্তে one কে কর্তা হিসেবে ধরে সঠিক উত্তর হবে : One should take care of one’s health.

১৩৯.

The company offered him a job. (passive)

ক
He was offered job by the company.
খ
A job was offered to him by the company.
গ
The company was offered him a job.
ঘ
Both A & B

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

A job was offered to him by the company.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

A job was offered to him by the company.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive voice-এ পরিবর্তন করার সময়, সরাসরি অবজেক্ট (a job)কে subject হিসেবে নিয়ে আসে, এবং Company কে "by" দিয়ে প্রকাশ করা হয়।
সঠিক passive sentence: "A job was offered to him by the company."

• Double object যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- দুটি object এর যেকোন একটিকে passive voice এর subject করতে হয় (তবে ব্যক্তিবাচক অর্থাৎ Indirect object- কে subject করাই শ্রেয়) +
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে +
- প্রদত্ত মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে +
- প্রদত্ত বাকী object টি বসে +
- by বসে +
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject টি object রূপে বসে।

Active: I gave him a book.
Passive: He was given a book by me.
or
A book was given to him by me.

Active: The company offered him a job.
Passive: He was offered a job by the company.
Or, A job was offered to him by the company.

•বিকল্প ক) "He was offered job by the company." – এখানে "a" article বাদ পড়েছে, তাই এটা ব্যাকরণগতভাবে ভুল।

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৪০.

The passive form of the sentence 'His sudden death shocked me' is-

ক
ক) I was shocked by his sudden death.
খ
খ) I was shocked to his sudden death.
গ
গ) I was shocked to know his sudden death.
ঘ
ঘ) I was shocked at his sudden death.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) I was shocked at his sudden death.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) I was shocked at his sudden death.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Shock থাকলে passive form এর বেলায় by না হয়ে at হয়।

১৪১.

'How can you do this?' বাক্যটির Passive form হবে-

ক
How can this be done by you?
খ
How can this been done by you?
গ
How this can be done by you?
ঘ
How could this be done by you?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

How can this be done by you?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

How can this be done by you?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Interrogative Sentence-এ রয়েছে।

• How দ্বারা শুরু Interrogative Sentence কে Active voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
→ How + auxiliary verb + object + Verb- এর past participle form + by + active এর subject + question mark (?)

Example:
Active Voice: How can you do this?
Passive Voice: How can this be done by you?

Active Voice: How will you do the work?
Passive Voice: How will the work be done by you?

১৪২.

Everybody wishes to be happy. (Interrogative)

ক
ক) Who doesn’t wishes to be happy?
খ
খ) Who doesn’t wish to be happy?
গ
গ) Who don't wishes to be happy?
ঘ
ঘ) Who does wishes to be happy?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) Who doesn’t wish to be happy?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) Who doesn’t wish to be happy?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Everybody/everyone/all কে Interrrogative করার সময় এদের পরিবর্তে প্রথমে who বসে + don't/doesn’t /didn’t বসে + মূল Verb এর Present form বসে + মূল Verb এর পরের অংশ বসে + প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে৷

১৪৩.

They are helping themselves. (make it passive)

ক
They helped by themselves.
খ
Themselves were helped by them.
গ
They are being helped by themselves.
ঘ
They are being helped themselves.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

They are being helped by themselves.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

They are being helped by themselves.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: They are being helped by themselves.
- এটি একটি Reflexive object যুক্ত বাক্য।

• Reflexive object (যেমন: themselves, myself, himself ইত্যাদি) যুক্ত active voice-কে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice-এর subject অপরিবর্তিত থাকে এবং Passive voice-এর subject হয়।
- tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb-এর past participle বসে।
- তারপর by + reflexive object বসে।

• প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি যেহেতু Present Continuous Tense-এ আছে তাই Passive করার সময় (am/is/are + being) হবে।
- এখানে যেহেতু Subject 'They' তাই এর সাথে are being বসবে।
- মূল Verb-এর Past Participle রূপ বসেছে(helped)।
- সবশেষে By + Reflexive Object (themselves) বসেছে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৪৪.

Let me do the sum এর পরিবর্তিত voice form হচ্ছে-

ক
ক) Let the sum be done by me
খ
খ) Let the sum done by me
গ
গ) Let the sum being done by me
ঘ
ঘ) Let the sum is to be done by me

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Let the sum be done by me

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Let the sum be done by me

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Let যুক্ত imperative বাক্যের passive গঠন-
Let + object + be + v3 (past participle) + by + let পরবর্তী ব্যক্তিবাচক object.
তাই প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটির সঠিক Passive voice form হচ্ছে-
Let the sum be done by me.

১৪৫.

Choose the passive form of "When did he finish the work"?

ক
When was the work finished by him?
খ
When did the work finished by him?
গ
When the work will finished by him?
ঘ
When was the work be finished by him?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

When was the work finished by him?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

When was the work finished by him?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: When did he finish the work?
• Passive: When was the work finished by him?

• When যুক্ত Active voice -কে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে When বসবে + তারপর (tense অনুযায়ী) auxiliary verb,
- তারপর Active voice -এর object,
- তারপর মূল verb -এর past participle,
- তারপর by + Active voice -এর subject + ?

• Structure: When + (tense অনুযায়ী) auxiliary verb + object + V₃ + by + subject + ?

• Note: auxiliary verb দুইটি হলে প্রথমটি subject -এর আগে এবং দ্বিতীয়টি subject -এর পরে বসে।

• More example:
- Active: When did he find you?
- Passive: When were you found by him?

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

১৪৬.

Let him speak. (Make it passive)

ক
Let him be spoken.
খ
He should be allowed to speak.
গ
Let speaking be done by him.
ঘ
Let him be allowed to speak.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Let him be allowed to speak.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Let him be allowed to speak.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর ঘ) Let him be allowed to speak.
Active:Let him speak. "তাকে কথা বলতে দাও।"
Passive: Let him be allowed to speak. ("তাকে কথা বলার অনুমতি দেওয়া হোক").

• Imperative Sentence-টি Let দিয়ে শুরু হলে Passive-এ অতিরিক্ত Let আনতে হয় না। যেমন:
- Let me read the book.
- Let the book be read by me.

• Imperative Sentence-এ প্রদত্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice-এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে-
- প্রথমে Let বসে + প্রথমে Active Voice-এর Object টি Let-এর Subject হয় + be + Principal Verb-এর Past Participle Form বসে।
- Read the book.
- Let the book be read.

• Imperative Sentence-টি যদি negative sentence হয় তবে Let not বসে। যেমন:
- Don't waste your time.
- Let not your time be wasted.

Source: Live MCQ lecture.

১৪৭.

The siblings cherish each other. (Make it passive)

ক
Each of the siblings is cherished by each other.
খ
The siblings each are being cherished.
গ
The siblings are cherished by each other.
ঘ
Each of the siblings are cherished by each other.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The siblings are cherished by each other.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The siblings are cherished by each other.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: The siblings cherish each other.
Passive Voice: The siblings are cherished by each other.

• Reciprocal pronoun (each other, one another) যুক্ত active voice কে passive এ পরিণত করার সময় -
- Pronoun গুলো কখনোই subject হিসেবে বসবে না।
- অর্থাৎ, এদের subject এবং object এর স্থান অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + main verb এর past participle form বসে।

• Active structure: Subject + verb + Reflexive object.
• Passive: Subject অপরিবর্তিত + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + main verb এর past participle form + reciprocal pronoun.

১৪৮.

Which of the following is the correct passive form of the sentence?
Active: They must finish the homework.

ক
The homework is must finished by them.
খ
The homework must finished by them.
গ
The homework must be finished by them.
ঘ
The homework must finishing by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The homework must be finished by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The homework must be finished by them.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: গ) The homework must be finished by them.

Active: They must finish the homework.
Passive: The homework must be finished by them.

Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice-এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
→ Object becomes Subject: Active Voice-এ যা Object ছিল, Passive Voice-এ সেটি Subject হয়ে যায়।
→ Be verb is added: Active Voice-এ যে verb থাকে, Passive Voice-এ তার সাথে 'be' verb যোগ করা হয়, যা verb এর tense অনুযায়ী হবে।
→ Past Participle of the verb: Active Voice-এ যে verb থাকে, Passive Voice-এ তার Past Participle form ব্যবহার করা হয়।
→ Subject becomes Object: Active Voice-এ যে Subject ছিল, Passive Voice-এ সেটি Object হয়ে যায়, এবং এর আগে "by" (বা অন্যান্য Preposition) যোগ হয়।

→ May, might, can, could, must, ought to, be going to যুক্ত Active Voice-কে Passive Voice-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়: এগুলোর পর 'be' বসে এবং তার পরেই verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে দেওয়া বাক্যটি: Active: They must finish the homework.
- Voice-এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম অনুসারে Correct Passive: The homework must be finished by them.

Example:
Active: He can solve the problem.
Passive: The problem can be solved by him.
Active: They will complete the assignment.
Passive: The assignment will be completed by them.
Active: They have completed the task.
Passive: The task has been completed by them.

১৪৯.

He demanded to see the report. (passive)

ক
He demanded that the report to be seen.
খ
He demanded that the report should be seen.
গ
He demanded that the report is being seen.
ঘ
He demanded that the report has to be seen.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He demanded that the report should be seen.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He demanded that the report should be seen.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

Active: Proma decided to sell the house.
Passive: Proma decided that the house should be sold.

Active: He demanded to see the report.
Passive: He demanded that the report should be seen.

অপশনগুলির ব্যাখ্যা:
ক) He demanded that the report to be seen.
- এটি ভুল কারণ "to be" structure টি এখানে প্রযোজ্য নয়।
- Demand এর পরে passive voice এ "should be" ব্যবহার করতে হয়, "to be" নয়।

গ) He demanded that the report is being seen.
- "is being seen" ভুল tense যা এখানে প্রযোজ্য নয়।
- Demand এর পরে "should be" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

ঘ) He demanded that the report has to be seen.
- এই বাক্যটি সঠিক নয়। "has to be" ব্যবহার করলে তা ভবিষ্যতের কোনো বাধ্যবাধকতা নির্দেশ করে, যা এই বাক্যের অর্থের সাথে সঙ্গতিপূর্ণ নয়। Passive voice রূপান্তরের জন্য "should be" ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৫০.

A professor may be taught even by an inquisitive student. (make it active)

ক
Even by an inquisitive student a professor may be taught.
খ
Even an inquisitive student may teach a professor.
গ
An inquisitive student might be even taught by a professor.
ঘ
A professor may be even taught by an inquisitive student.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Even an inquisitive student may teach a professor.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Even an inquisitive student may teach a professor.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive কে Active করতে হলে,
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয় -
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb -
- Passive এর be Verb এর Form অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর Object হয়ে Verb এর পরে বসবে।
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যাবে।
- অতিরিক্ত be verb (এখানে be) বাদ যাবে।

• নিয়মানুসারে -
- Passive Voice: A professor may be taught even by an inquisitive student.
- Active Voice: Even an inquisitive student may teach a professor.
• Even যেহেতু an inquisitive student এর সাথে সম্পর্কিত, তাই এটা an inquisitive student এর আগে বসবে।

১৫১.

Who is calling me? (make it passive)

ক
By who am I being called?
খ
By whom am I being called?
গ
By who am I called?
ঘ
By whom am I called?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

By whom am I being called?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

By whom am I being called?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: By whom am I being called?

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এর রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হবে।
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- অনেক সময় be/ being/ been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Question mark (?) হয়।

• প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি Present Continuous Tense-এ আছে।
- তাই Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের-এর ক্ষেত্রে (am/is/are + being) বসাতে হয়।
- এখানে নতুন Subject হলো 'I' তাই এর সাথে 'am+ being' বসবে।
- তারপর মূল Verb 'call'-এর Past Participle রূপ called বসবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৫২.

By whom ______?

ক
ক) you had given the book?
খ
খ) were you given the book?
গ
গ) you were given the book?
ঘ
ঘ) were you been given the book

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) were you given the book?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) were you given the book?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া interrogative sentence কে passive করতে হলে -
- Structure: By whom + auxiliary verb + Subject + verb এর past participle রূপ + object.
- Who এর স্থানে By whom বসে।
- এরপর বাক্যটির tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary/ be verb,
- তারপর subject এবং
- verb এর past participle form
- এবং সবশেষে object বসবে।
- সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর -By whom were you given the book?

১৫৩.

The passive form of: I saw him carrying a basket.

ক
He was seen carried a basket by me.
খ
He was being seen to carry a basket by me.
গ
He was seen carrying a basket by me.
ঘ
He had been seen carrying a basket by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He was seen carrying a basket by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He was seen carrying a basket by me.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: I saw him carrying a basket.
- Passive: He was seen carrying a basket by me.

• Object + present participle যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তনের সময়-
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb-এর past participle বসে।
- present participle যুক্ত অংশটি বসে।
- by + Subject টির objective form বসে।

অর্থাৎ,
- Present participle থেকে বাক্যের বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- এক্ষেত্রে শুধু present participle এর পূর্ববর্তী বাক্যাংশের passive form হয়ে থাকে।
- আর, By+ object যুক্ত অংশ বাক্যের শেষে বসে।

অন্যান্য অপশন,
ক) He was seen carried a basket by me.
- "Carried" ব্যবহার হয়েছে, যা past participle কিন্তু এখানে -ing form দরকার।

খ) He was being seen to carry a basket by me.
- "Being seen" + "to carry" → continuous এবং এর পরে infinitive form ভুল।

ঘ) He had been seen carrying a basket by me.
- "Had been seen" → past perfect passive, কিন্তু original sentence past indefinite.

১৫৪.

Achieve the goal without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives. (Passive)

ক
Let the goal being achieved without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives.
খ
Let the goal to achieve without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives.
গ
Let the goal be achieved without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives.
ঘ
Let the goal should achieve without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the goal be achieved without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the goal be achieved without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: Achieve the goal without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives.
Passive Voice: Let the goal be achieved without deviating from the outlined strategy and objectives.

• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া imperative sentence এর active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
→ প্রথমে Let বসবে;
→ Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে;
→ be বসবে;
→ মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

• Structure: Let + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle + extensions.

১৫৫.

Change into indirect speech:
She said, "I will come tomorrow."

ক
She said that she will come tomorrow.
খ
She said that she would come the next day.
গ
She said that she comes tomorrow.
ঘ
She said that she came tomorrow.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

She said that she would come the next day.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

She said that she would come the next day.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Answer: খ) She said that she would come the next day.

- She said, "I will come tomorrow."
- মূল বাক্য future tense (will come) এ আছে।
- Reporting verb past tense -এ থাকলে,
- Reported speech এ future tense সাধারণত past tense (would come) হয়।
- “Tomorrow” পরিবর্তিত হয়ে “the next day” হয়।
- সময়ের পরিবর্তন ও tense shift এই নিয়ম অনুসারে করা হয়।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো “She said that she would come the next day.”

Other options:
ক) She said that she will come tomorrow. → “will” ও “tomorrow” অপরিবর্তিত রেখেছে, ভুল।

গ) She said that she comes tomorrow. → Present tense ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, ভুল।

ঘ) She said that she came tomorrow. → Past tense এবং “tomorrow” একসাথে ব্যবহার করা ভুল।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১৫৬.

Make it active.
It must be done by me.

ক
I must be done it.
খ
Let must do it.
গ
I must do it.
ঘ
It is done must by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

I must do it.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

I must do it.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive Voice কে Active voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Passive Voice এর object টি Active Voice এর Subject হয়।
- Passive Voice এর modal auxiliary verb এর পর অতিরিক্ত ‘be’ Verb উঠে যায়।
- মূল verb এর present form বসবে।
- Passive Voice এর subject টি Active Voice এর Object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Passive: It must be done by me.
- Active: I must do it.
- এ বাক্যে Passive Voice এর object হচ্ছে me
- যেটি Active Voice এর Subject 'I' হয়েছে।
- Passive Voice এর modal auxiliary হচ্ছে must এবং এর পর অতিরিক্ত ‘be’ Verb উঠে গেছে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর present form বসবে।
- Passive Voice এর subject 'it' Active Voice এর Object হিসেবে বসেছে।

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain

১৫৭.

Inaaya has painted a beautiful picture. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) A beautiful picture had been painted by Inaaya.
খ
খ) A beautiful picture is being painting by Inaaya.
গ
গ) A beautiful picture have been painted by Inaaya.
ঘ
ঘ) A beautiful picture has been painted by Inaaya.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) A beautiful picture has been painted by Inaaya.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) A beautiful picture has been painted by Inaaya.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Present perfect Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Object টির subjective form বসে
- এরপর have been/ has been বসে
- মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.

যেমন-
Active voice: Inaaya has painted a beautiful picture.
Passive voice: A beautiful picture has been painted by Inaaya.

১৫৮.

Complete the book without any delay. (passive)

ক
The book should be completed without any delay.
খ
Let the book be completed without any delay.
গ
Let the book been completed without any delay.
ঘ
Let the book being complete without any delay.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let the book be completed without any delay.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let the book be completed without any delay.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:

• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসবে।
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে।
- be বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

Structure: Let + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle.

Active: Complete the book without any delay.
Passive: Let the book be completed without any delay.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৫৯.

The best passive form of the sentence: We do not accept lazy workers.

ক
Lazy workers are not of our accepting.
খ
We are not accepted lazy workers.
গ
Lazy workers are not accepted by us.
ঘ
Lazy workers are not going to accepted by us.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Lazy workers are not accepted by us.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Lazy workers are not accepted by us.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: We do not accept lazy workers.
- Passive: Lazy workers are not accepted by us.

• Present indefinite tense যুক্ত negative বাক্যের Passive voice এর গঠন করার নিয়ম:
- Object টি subject রূপে বসে।
- এরপর subject ও tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- not + verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by + subject টি object রূপে বসে।

- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Passive form টি হবে- Lazy workers are not accepted by us.

১৬০.

The passive form of: I decided to write a memo.

ক
I decided that a memo should be written.
খ
I decided a memo had to be written.
গ
I decided that a memo has to be written.
ঘ
I decided that a memo should have written.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

I decided that a memo should be written.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

I decided that a memo should be written.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: I decided to write a memo.
- Passive: I decided that a memo should be written.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসে।
- that বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসে।
- should be বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: She decided to repair the car.
- Passive: She decided that the car should be repaired.

- Active: They agreed to sign the contract.
- Passive: They agreed that the contract should be signed.

Source:
1. A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

১৬১.

They decided to build a bridge. [passive]

ক
They decided that a bridge be built.
খ
They decided that a bridge should be built.
গ
They decided that a bridge to be built.
ঘ
They decided that a bridge being built.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

They decided that a bridge should be built.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

They decided that a bridge should be built.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• More examples:
- Active: Shakib decided to sell the house.
- Passive: Shakib decided that the house should be sold.

Active: They decided to build a bridge.
Passive: They decided that a bridge should be built.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৬২.

Please help me.

ক
You were requested to help me.
খ
You are requested to help me.
গ
You are being requested to help me.
ঘ
None of these.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

You are requested to help me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

You are requested to help me.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: Please help me.
Passive Voice: You are requested to help me.

→ active voice এর শুরুতে Please থাকলে passive voice- এ "you are requested to" বসেছে।
→ active voice টি present- এ রয়েছে তাই passive voice "present tense"- এ হয়েছে।
→ requested to- এর পরে verb- এর base form বসেছে।

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
→ Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive Voice এর subject হয়।
→ Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
→ মূল verb এর past participle + active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

১৬৩.

‘We made her recite a poem’ (Passive):

ক
ক) She was made to recite a poem.
খ
খ) She was made recited a poem.
গ
গ) A poem was made to be recited.
ঘ
ঘ) A poem was made recite by her.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) She was made to recite a poem.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) She was made to recite a poem.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Causative verb যুক্ত একটি বাক্যের passive voice এর গঠনঃ
Obj কে sub + auxiliary verb + verb – এর p.p + to + verb – এর base form.
সুতরাং বাক্যটির passive voice হলোঃ She was made to recite a poem.

১৬৪.

Please turn off the lights. [passive]

ক
The lights are turned off by someone.
খ
Let the lights be turn off.
গ
You are requested to turn off the lights.
ঘ
Let the lights to be turn off.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

You are requested to turn off the lights.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

You are requested to turn off the lights.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb
- মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

- Active voice এর শুরুতে Please থাকলে passive voice এ you are requested to বসে,
- active voice টি present এ রয়েছে তাই passive voice এ present tense হবে।

Active: Please go back.
Passive: You are requested to go back.

Active: Please turn off the lights.
Passive: You are requested to turn off the lights.

১৬৫.

They are cleaning the zone. (Make it passive)

ক
The zone has been cleaned by them.
খ
The zone will be cleaned by them.
গ
The zone is being cleaned by them.
ঘ
The zone was being cleaned by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The zone is being cleaned by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The zone is being cleaned by them.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active Voice: They are cleaning the zone.
• Passive Voice: The zone is being cleaned by them.

• Present Continuous Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Subject +
- (is /am / are) +
- being +
- Verb in past participle +
- Others.

১৬৬.

Change into passive voice: The girl laughed at the disabled person.

ক
The disabled person was laughed by the girl.
খ
The disabled person was being laughed by the girl.
গ
The disabled person was being laughed at by the girl.
ঘ
The disabled person was laughed at by the girl.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The disabled person was laughed at by the girl.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The disabled person was laughed at by the girl.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past Indefinite Tense যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম হলো -
- Object এর Subject form হবে + was/were + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
- Active Voice এর sentence এ কোনো Group verb থাকলে Voice change করার সময় Group verb এর Preposition টি verb এর সাথেই থাকে; এর পরে by বসাতে হয়

• তাই এখানে The disabled person was laughed at by the girl হচ্ছে সঠিক উত্তর।

Example sentence:
Active: They played football.
Passive: Football was played by them.

Source: Advanced Learner's Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain

১৬৭.

'Do away with it.' - the passive form is -

ক
Let it be do away with.
খ
Let it be done away with.
গ
Let it be to do away with.
ঘ
Let it be to have done away with.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let it be done away with.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Let it be done away with.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Do যুক্ত Imperative sentence কে Passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে
- Object টির subject রুপে বসে।
- be বসে।
- Verb এর past participle বসে।
- তার পর extension বসে।

• উল্লেখিত অন্য অপশনগুলো ভুল।

Source: Advanced Learners by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৬৮.

I had failed in the exam. (Make it Passive).

ক
I failed the exam.
খ
The exam have been failed by me.
গ
The exam had failed by me.
ঘ
The exam had been failed by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The exam had been failed by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The exam had been failed by me.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: The exam had been failed by me.

• Past Perfect Tense এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরির্তন করার নিয়ম:

- Object টি Subject হয়+
- had been বসে+
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে+
- by বসে+) Subject টির Objective form বসে।

Structure:- Object টির Subjective form + had been +মূল Verb এর Past Participle + by +Subject টির Objective form

Active: I had failed in the exam.
Passive: The exam had been failed by me.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১৬৯.

Who doesn't know Bangabandhu?

ক
To whom isn't Bangabandhu known?
খ
Whom doesn't known to Bangabandhu.
গ
By whom isn't Bangabandhu known?
ঘ
By whom Bangabandhu isn't known?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

To whom isn't Bangabandhu known?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

To whom isn't Bangabandhu known?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম-
- Structure: Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + object এর subject + verb এর past participle form + ?.

• কিন্তু প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যে মূল Verb হচ্ছে know.
- আর আমরা জানি, know থাকলে passive voice এ by এর পরিবর্তে to বসে।
- অতএব, এখানে by whom না বসে to whom বসবে।
- - সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে - To whom isn't Bangabandhu known?

১৭০.

I know what she thinks. (Passive)

ক
What I think is known to her.
খ
What she thinks is known to me.
গ
I am known what she thinks.
ঘ
What she thinks was known by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

What she thinks is known to me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

What she thinks is known to me.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - খ) What she thinks is known to me.

Passive Voice of Complex Sentence
- Complex sentence-এ একটি clause একটি subject বা object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- সুতরাং, active-এর object যদি একটি clause হয়, তাহলে passive-এর subject হিসেবে ঐ clauseটি ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- অথবা active-এর subject কোন clause হলে, passive-এর object হিসেবে তা ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Clause-এর মধ্যকার verb-এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না।

Examples:
Act: I know what he thinks.
Pass: What he thinks is known to me.

More examples:
Act: We will explain why we want to do it.
Pass: Why we want to do it will be explained by us.

Act: What he has done will save his family.
Pass: His family will be saved by what he has done.

Act: He showed me what he had made.
Pass: What he had made was shown me by him.

Act: She said what she knew.
Pass: What she knew was said by her.

Other options

ক) What I think is known to her.
এখানে “What I think” বলা হয়েছে, অর্থাৎ “আমি কী ভাবি”—এটি মূল বাক্যের অর্থের সঙ্গে মেলে না।

গ) I am known what she thinks.
এটি ব্যাকরণগতভাবে ভুল। “I am known what…” এই রূপ ব্যবহার করা যায় না।

ঘ) What she thinks was known by me.
মূল বাক্য present tense (“know”) কিন্তু এখানে past tense (“was known”) ব্যবহার হয়েছে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১৭১.

He told me that he had completed the task. (Make it passive)

ক
I was told that the task had been completed by him.
খ
The task had been completed by him had been told to me.
গ
It was told to me that he had been completed the task.
ঘ
The task had been completed by him that was told to me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

I was told that the task had been completed by him.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

I was told that the task had been completed by him.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex এবং compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
- প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি complex sentence.
- তাই এর passive করবার ক্ষেত্রে উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- তবে, clause গুলো সাধারণত অবস্থান পরিবর্তন করবে না এবং যদি clause গুলোর অবস্থান পরিবর্তন করে voice change করা হয় তবে প্রথমে That বসাতে হবে এবং দ্বিতীয় clause এর সাথে পুনরায় by + object ব্যবহৃত হবে না।

Example:
Active: I know that he did the work.
Passive: It is known to me that the work was done by him. বা That work was done by him is known to me.

আবার,
• Past Indefinite tense কে passive করতে হলে -Active voice এর object + was/were + v এর(past participle) + by+ subject এর object.
• Past perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার Structure: Object এর subject + had been + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.

- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর -
Active: He told me that he had completed the task.
Passive: I was told that the task had been completed by him.
বা That the task had been completed by him was told be.

১৭২.

The student's performance pleased the teacher. (Make it passive)

ক
The teacher was pleased by the student's performance.
খ
The teacher was pleased at the student's performance.
গ
The teacher was pleased with the student's performance.
ঘ
The teacher was pleased from the student's performance.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The teacher was pleased at the student's performance.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The teacher was pleased at the student's performance.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: The student's performance pleased the teacher.
Passive Voice: The teacher was pleased at the student's performance.

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to,in) বসে।

• ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে with বসে আর ব্যক্তির কাজ বা বস্তুর উপরে সন্তুষ্টি বোঝাতে at বসে।
- যেহেতু প্রশ্নে ব্যক্তির কাজের উপর সন্তুষ্টি বোঝানো হয়েছে তাই pleased at বসবে।

১৭৩.

Change the voice - 'I gave him a cheque.'

ক
ক) I was given a cheque.
খ
খ) A cheque was given to me.
গ
গ) A cheque was given to me by him.
ঘ
ঘ) He was given a cheque by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) He was given a cheque by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) He was given a cheque by me.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Double object যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
1) দুটি object এর যেকোন একটিকে passive voice এর subject করতে হয় (তবে ব্যক্তিবাচক অর্থাৎ Indirect object- কে subject করাই শ্রেয়) +
2) Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে +
3) প্রদত্ত মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে +
4) প্রদত্ত বাকী object টি বসে +
5) by বসে +
6) প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject টি object রূপে বসে।

Active: I gave him a cheque.
Passive: He was given a cheque by me.
Or, A cheque was given to him by me.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৭৪.

Which one will be passive form of the sentence 'Don't waste your money.'?

ক
ক) Let not your money be wasted.
খ
খ) Let your money be wasted.
গ
গ) Let you money be not wasted.
ঘ
ঘ) Let you money not be waste.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Let not your money be wasted.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) Let not your money be wasted.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:

• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let not বসবে।
- Active voice এর object টির subject রুপে বসবে।
- be বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

Structure: Let not + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle.

Active Voice: Don't waste your time.
Passive Voice: Let not your time be wasted.

১৭৫.

Mrs. Sinha teaches us English. (Make it Passive)

ক
English is taught to us by Mrs. Sinha.
খ
By Mrs. Sinha we are taught English.
গ
We are taught English by Mrs. Sinha.
ঘ
Both A&C

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Both A&C

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Both A&C

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Mrs. Sinha teaches us English. - প্রদত্ত বাক্যে দুইটি object রয়েছে - us and English.
- এর voice change দুইভাবে করা সম্ভব -
- We are taught English by Mrs. Sinha.
- English is taught to us by Mrs. Sinha.

• Active voice এ double object থাকলে passive করার নিয়ম:
- দুটি object- এর যেকোনটি subject হিসেবে নেয়া হয় (ব্যক্তিবাচক object-টি পরিবর্তন করা ভাল),
- Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb,
- Verb-এর past participle,
- অন্য object,
- by,
- active voice-এর subject-টি object হিসেবে লেখা হয়।

- যেহেতু প্রশ্নে দুটিই রয়েছে, তাই দুটিই সঠিক উত্তর।

১৭৬.

They decided to start the meeting later. (Make it passive)

ক
They decided that the meeting should be started later.
খ
They decided that the meeting had been started later.
গ
They decided the meeting should have started later.
ঘ
The meeting should start later by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

They decided that the meeting should be started later.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

They decided that the meeting should be started later.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: They decided to start the meeting later.
- Passive: They decided that the meeting should be started later.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর past participle বসবে।

• More examples:
- Active: She determined to finish the task before sunset.
- Passive: She determined that the task should be finished before sunset.

১৭৭.

I know that we have to submit the report. (Make it passive)

ক
It is known to me that we have to submit the report.
খ
That we have to submit the report is known to me.
গ
That the report has to be submitted to us is known to me.
ঘ
It is known to me that the report has to be submitted by us.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

It is known to me that the report has to be submitted by us.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

It is known to me that the report has to be submitted by us.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex এবং compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।

- প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি একটি complex sentence.

- তাই এর passive করবার ক্ষেত্রে উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

• have to / has to যুক্ত বাক্যকে কে passive করতে হলে
- Active voice এর object + have to be/has to be + verb এর(past participle) + by + subject এর object.

- known এর পর Passive Voice এ to ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Active Voice: I know that we have to submit the report.
Passive Voice: It is known to me that the report has to be submitted by us. / That the report has to be submitted by us is known to me.

১৭৮.

'English is spoken all over the world'. (Make it active)

ক
ক) English is speak by the people all over the world.
খ
খ) All people speaks English all over the world
গ
গ) All people speak English all over the world
ঘ
ঘ) People speak English all over the world

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) People speak English all over the world

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) People speak English all over the world

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Sentence- ক্রিয়ার কর্তা দেয়া না থাকলে Passive থেকে Active করার সময় একটি সুবিধাজনক কর্তা যেমনঃ someone, somebody, people, the authority ইত্যাদি ধরে নিতে হয়।
- তাই কাজ অনুযায়ী Subject আনা হয়েছে people. আর এটা Plural হওয়ায় সে অনুযায়ী Verb বসবে।
- সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর: People speak English all over the world.

১৭৯.

The cat chased the mouse. (Change to Passive voice.)

ক
The mouse was chased by the cat.
খ
The cat is chasing the mouse.
গ
The mouse runs from the cat.
ঘ
By the cat chased the mouse.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The mouse was chased by the cat.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The mouse was chased by the cat.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ক) The mouse was chased by the cat.

- মূল বাক্যটি past simple tense-এ আছে: "chased".
- Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Object + was/were + verb-এর 3rd form + by + subject.

- তাই সঠিক রূপ:
- The mouse was chased by the cat.

Other options:

খ) Active voice-এ আছে, এবং Tense-ও বদলে গেছে।

গ) অর্থ ও Tense উভয়ই ভিন্ন।

ঘ) গঠনগতভাবে ভুল এবং ইংরেজি grammar অনুযায়ী অস্বাভাবিক।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১৮০.

Let them complete the project. (Passive voice.)

ক
Let the project being completed by them.
খ
Let the project been completed by them.
গ
Let the project to be completed by them.
ঘ
Let the project be completed by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Let the project be completed by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Let the project be completed by them.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Let যুক্ত Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- Object টির subject রূপে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

• Structure: Let + Object টির subject বসে + be বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by + subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

Active: Let them complete the project.
Passive: Let the project be completed by them.

১৮১.

Rony has done the work. (Passive)

ক
The work had been done by Rony.
খ
The work is done by Rony.
গ
The work has been done by Rony.
ঘ
The work was being done by Rony.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The work has been done by Rony.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The work has been done by Rony.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Present perfect tense এর sentence এর Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- Object টির Subject হয়।
- have been/ has been বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form হয়।
- by বসে।
- Subject এর object form হয়।

Structure: Object টির Subject + have been/ has been + মূল verb এর past participle form + by + Subject এর object form.

Active: Rony has done the work.
Passive: The work has been done by Rony.

Source: Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৮২.

Jahid has been congratulated by his friends for his success. (Make it active)

ক
His friends has congratulated Jahid for his success.
খ
His friends for his success has congratulated Jahid.
গ
Jahid’s friends has congratulated him for his success.
ঘ
Jahid’s friends have congratulated him for his success.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Jahid’s friends have congratulated him for his success.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Jahid’s friends have congratulated him for his success.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Noun এর আগে Pronoun বসানো সঠিক নয়। তাই শুরুতে His friends না বসিয়ে Jahid's friends বসাতে হবে।
এবং, "Jahid’s friends" Plural হওয়ার কারণে has না হয়ে have হবে।

১৮৩.

I know that he sang the song. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) It is known that the song was sang by him. (Passive)
খ
খ) It is known to me that the song was sung by him.
গ
গ) It is known to me that the song was sang by him.
ঘ
ঘ) It is known that the song was sung by him.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) It is known to me that the song was sung by him.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) It is known to me that the song was sung by him.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex এবং compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
- প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি complex sentence.
- তাই এর passive করবার ক্ষেত্রে উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- known এর পর Passive Voice এ to ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Past Indefinite tense কে passive করতে হলে -Active voice এর object + was/were + v এর(past participle) + by+ subject এর object.
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - It is known to me that the song was sung by him.

১৮৪.

Change the given sentence into Passive Voice:
They will have completed the project by tomorrow.

ক
The project will be completed by them tomorrow.
খ
The project will have been completed by tomorrow.
গ
The project was completed by them tomorrow.
ঘ
The project has been completed by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The project will have been completed by tomorrow.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The project will have been completed by tomorrow.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is: The project will have been completed by tomorrow.

Active Voice: They will have completed the project by tomorrow.
- Subject (They) + will have + past participle (completed) + object (the project) + time phrase (by tomorrow).

Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরের ধাপ:
- Object (The project) কে Subject বানানো হয়েছে।
• Future Perfect Tense (will have completed) কে Passive-এ will have been + past participle (will have been completed) এ পরিবর্তন করা লাগবে।
- Time phrase "by tomorrow" অপরিবর্তিত রাখা হয়েছে।

• সঠিক Passive Voice এর গঠন:
- Subject + will have been + past participle + time phrase.
Passive Voice: The project will have been completed by tomorrow.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১৮৫.

Identify the correct passive form: 'I heard her sing.'

ক
She was heard sing by me.
খ
She was heard to be sung by me.
গ
She was heard sung by me.
ঘ
She was heard to sing by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

She was heard to sing by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

She was heard to sing by me.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: I heard her sing.
Passive: She was heard to sing by me.

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

Passive voice-এ perception verbs এর sentence গঠনের নিয়ম:
Active: Subject + verb + object + bare infinitive.
Passive: Object + be + past participle + full infinitive + by + subject.

• Need, bid, dare, see, hear, make, help, feel, let, know, behold, watch প্রভৃতি verb গুলোর পর Active Voice-এ to উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পরে to বসে।
- যখন active sentence এ bare infinitive (to ছাড়া infinitive) থাকে, passive এ সেটি full infinitive (to সহ) হয়ে যায়।

অন্যান্য অপশন ভুল কারণ:

ক) She was heard sing by me.
→ এখানে “to” বাদ দেওয়া হয়েছে।
- Passive voice-এ bare infinitive (sing) আর থাকে না, বরং to + infinitive (to sing) হয়।
- তাই এটি ব্যাকরণগতভাবে ভুল।

খ) She was heard to be sung by me.
→ ভুল, কারণ এখানে to be sung passive infinitive ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। মূল বাক্যের অর্থ পাল্টে যাচ্ছে।

গ) She was heard sung by me.
→ grammatically ভুল, sung past participle, যা এখানে উপযুক্ত নয়।
- তাছাড়া এটি অর্থগত ভাবে ঠিক হয়নি।

Source: Advancer Learner's HSC Communicative English by Chowdhury & Hussain.

১৮৬.

Please help me. (Make it passive)

ক
You were requested to help me.
খ
You have been requested to help me.
গ
You are being requested to help me.
ঘ
You are requested to help me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

You are requested to help me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

You are requested to help me.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active Voice: Please help me.
• Passive Voice: You are requested to help me.

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb.
- মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

- Active voice এর শুরুতে Please থাকলে passive voice এ you are requested to বসে।
- Active voice টি present এ রয়েছে তাই passive voice এ present tense হবে।

১৮৭.

What will be the correct passive of - 'I told them the secret of my success'?

ক
ক) They were told the secret of my success by me.
খ
খ) They had told the secret of my success by me.
গ
গ) They have told the secret of my success by me.
ঘ
ঘ) They are told the secret of my success by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) They were told the secret of my success by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) They were told the secret of my success by me.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় -
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb -
- মূল verb এর past participle -
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় -
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।
Active Voice: I told them the secret of my success.
Passive Voice: They were told the secret of my success by me.

সূত্র: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar and Composition (For Class 9-10).

১৮৮.

Choose the correct passive voice of:
"I am going to fix the broken pipe."

ক
The broken pipe will be fixed by me.
খ
The broken pipe is going to fix by me.
গ
The broken pipe is going to be fixed by me.
ঘ
The broken pipe has been fixed by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The broken pipe is going to be fixed by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The broken pipe is going to be fixed by me.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: গ) The broken pipe is going to be fixed by me.

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice পরিবর্তন করার সময় এদের পরে be বসে এবং তার পরেই মূল Verb টির Past Participle বসে।

• Structure: Object টির Subject form + may/might-+ be + মূল verb এর Past Participle+ by + subject টির objective form.

যেমন:
Active: I am going to fix the broken pipe.
Passive: The broken pipe is going to be fixed by me.

• Other options:
ক) "will be fixed" → simple future, but not the same structure as “going to fix”.

খ) "is going to fix" → grammatically wrong (missing "be").

ঘ) "has been fixed" → present perfect tense, does not match the original sentence.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১৮৯.

We elected him manager. (passive)

ক
As a manager he was elected by us.
খ
He was as manager elected by us.
গ
He was elected manager by us.
ঘ
He elected manager by us.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He was elected manager by us.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He was elected manager by us.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Factitive object, Select, elect, nominate, make, call, name ইত্যাদি transitive verb গুলোর object থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণরূপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত object আনতে হয়। এইরূপ অতিরিক্ত object কে Factitive object বলে।
যেমন: We made him captain.

Factitive object/complementary object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত Pronominal object-টি(me, us, you, them, him, her) / নামবাচক object টি Subject +
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে +
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে +
- Factitive object টি বসে +
- by বসে +
- Subject টির objective form বসে।

Active: We elected him manager.
Passive: He was elected manager by us.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English grammar and composition by Chowdhury & Hussain.

১৯০.

He pleases us. (Make it passive)

ক
We will be pleased by him.
খ
We are pleased by him.
গ
We were pleased with him.
ঘ
We are pleased with him.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

We are pleased with him.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

We are pleased with him.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active voice: He pleases us.
- Passive voice: We are pleased with him.

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে with বসে আর ব্যক্তির কাজ বা বস্তুর উপরে সন্তুষ্টি বোঝাতে at বসে।
- যেহেতু প্রশ্নে ব্যক্তির উপর সন্তুষ্টি বোঝানো হয়েছে তাই pleased with বসবে।

১৯১.

One can achieve success by one’s sincere efforts. (Make it passive)

ক
Someone’s success can achieved by one’s sincere efforts.
খ
One’s sincere efforts can be achieved by one sincere efforts.
গ
Success can be achieved by sincere efforts.
ঘ
Someone's sincere efforts can be achieved by oneself.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Success can be achieved by sincere efforts.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Success can be achieved by sincere efforts.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active Voice এ Subject হিসেবে People ,one ইত্যাদি থাকলে Passive করার সময় People / one বাদ দিতে হয়।
- পাশাপাশি object অংশে one's + noun থাকলে passive থাকলে one's কে বাদ দিতে হয়।
- অর্থাৎ, Active Voice এ Subject হিসেবে one থাকলে Passive Voice এ এটা উল্লেখ করার প্রয়োজন নেই।
- তাছাড়াও passive করার সময় তাদেরকে by সহ লেখা হয় না।

- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক passive form টি হচ্ছে - Success can be achieved by sincere efforts.

১৯২.

‘Can those happy moments be ever forgotten by me?’ Change it into opposite voice.

ক
Shall I ever forget those happy moments?
খ
Will I ever forget those happy moments?
গ
Could I ever forget those happy moments?
ঘ
Can I ever forget those happy moments?
ঙ
None of these

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Can I ever forget those happy moments?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Can I ever forget those happy moments?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

The given sentence contains a modal verb (Modal Verb = will, shall, can, may, might, could, might, must, would). And it is in passive voice.
Rule : Modal verb + Subject + base form of verb + extension?

১৯৩.

Vinegar tastes tangy. (Passive)

ক
Vinegar is tasted tangy.
খ
Vinegar is tangy when it is tasted.
গ
Vinegar is tangy when it taste.
ঘ
Both A + B

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Both A + B

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Both A + B

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• যে sentence গঠনে active কিন্তু অর্থে passive বা অন্যের দ্বারা সংঘটিত হয় এমন বোঝায়, তাকে Quasi-passive sentence বলে।
- এই ধরনের sentence কে দুই ভাবে passive করা যায়। যেমন:

1) Active voice এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + adjective টি বসে + when + প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী if/they বসে + আবারো tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle.

Active: Vinegar tastes tangy.
Passive: Vinegar is tangy when it is tasted.

2) Active এর এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb এর past participle + adjective টি বসে।
Active: Vinegar tastes tangy.
Passive: Vinegar is tasted tangy.

১৯৪.

They accused themselves.(make it passive)

ক
They were accused by themselves.
খ
They were accused themselves.
গ
They themselves were accused.
ঘ
They were being accused themselves.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

They were accused by themselves.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

They were accused by themselves.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: ক) They were accused by themselves.
- এটি একটি Reflexive object যুক্ত Active voice এর উদাহরণ।

Reflexive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর Subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় Passive voice এর Subject হিসাবে প্রথমে বসে,
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে,
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle form বসে,
- by বসে + Reflexive object টি বসে।
- They were accused by themselves.

Other Options:
খ) They were accused themselves.
→ এখানে "by" অনুপস্থিত, তাই অর্থ অসম্পূর্ণ এবং ব্যাকরণগত ভুল।

গ) They themselves were accused.
→ Reflexive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার সময় মূল verb এর past participle +by বসে + Reflexive object টি বসে।

ঘ) They were being accused themselves.
→ এটি continuous tense বোঝায়, কিন্তু মূল বাক্যটি simple past, তাই ভুল।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১৯৫.

Make it passive: We should not laugh at a poor man.

ক
A poor man should not be laughed by us.
খ
A poor man should not be laughed at by us.
গ
A poor man should not be laughed us.
ঘ
A poor man should not laugh at by us.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

A poor man should not be laughed at by us.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

A poor man should not be laughed at by us.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: A poor man should not be laughed at by us.

- “Laugh at” একটি group verb (intransitive + preposition), তাই Passive Voice-এ preposition ‘at’ বাদ দেওয়া যাবে না।

• Intransitive Verb যুক্ত Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়। অথবা,
- model Auxilary থাকলে তার সাথে be যুক্ত করে principle verb - এর past participle form বসাতে হয়।
- preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

১৯৬.

What is the Active Voice of the sentence: "The homework has been finished by me"?

ক
I finish the homework.
খ
I have finished the homework.
গ
I am finishing the homework.
ঘ
I had finished the homework.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

I have finished the homework.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

I have finished the homework.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

→ Correct Answer: খ) I have finished the homework.

Active voice: I have finished the homework.
Passive voice: The homework has been finished by me.

Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
→ Active voice-এর Object, Passive voice-এর Subject হবে:
Active voice-এ যে Object থাকে, সেটিকে Passive voice-এ Subject বানানো হয়।
→ Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb ব্যবহার করা:
বাক্যের Tense অনুযায়ী Passive voice-এ Auxiliary Verb ব্যবহার করতে হয়। যেমন:
Present Tense: is/am/are
Past Tense: was/were
Perfect Tense: has been/have been/had been
Future Tense: will be
→মূল Verb-এর Past Participle ব্যবহার করা:
Passive voice-এ সব সময় মূল Verb-এর Past Participle (V3) ফর্ম ব্যবহার করা হয়।
→ Preposition যোগ করা:
সাধারণত "by" Preposition ব্যবহার করা হয়। তবে বিশেষ ক্ষেত্রে with, at, to, in-ও ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।
→ Active voice-এর Subject, Passive voice-এর Object হবে:
Active voice-এর Subject-কে Passive voice-এ Object হিসেবে ব্যবহার করা হয়।

Example:
Active voice: He has completed the task.
Object (the task) Subject হবে: The task
Auxiliary Verb (has been): The task has been
Verb-এর Past Participle (completed): The task has been completed
Preposition (by): The task has been completed by
Subject (He) Object হবে (by him): The task has been completed by him.
Passive voice: The task has been completed by him.

১৯৭.

In each of the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active (or Passive) voice. Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive (or Active) voice :
I know him.

ক
He is known by me.
খ
He was known to me.
গ
He has been known by me.
ঘ
He is known to me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He is known to me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He is known to me.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Present indefinite tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Object টির subjective form +
- am/is/are +
- মূল verb এর past participle +
- by/to/with/in etc +
- Subject এর objective form.

• known এর পর সবসময় to বসে; by/in/with হয় না।

• Active voice: I know him.
• Passive Voice: He is known to me.

১৯৮.

Even this good news could not satisfy him. (Passive)

ক
ক) He was not satisfied even with this good news.
খ
খ) He was not satisfied even at this good news.
গ
গ) He was not satisfied even by this good news.
ঘ
ঘ) He was not satisfied even for this good news.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) He was not satisfied even with this good news.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) He was not satisfied even with this good news.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice এ satisfied এর পর ব্যক্তি/ বস্তু সবকিছুর পূর্বেইwith বসে।

১৯৯.

The reader will have completed the book. (make it passive)

ক
The book will have be been completed by the reader.
খ
The book will have been completed by the reader.
গ
The book will be completed by the reader.
ঘ
The book will have be completed by the reader.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The book will have been completed by the reader.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The book will have been completed by the reader.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Future perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
- Object এর subject + shall have been /will have been + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Example:
Active: I will have eaten rice.
Passive: Rice will have been eaten by me.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: The reader will have completed the book.
Passive: The book will have been completed by the reader.

২০০.

Who did the math? [passive]

ক
By whom was this math been done?
খ
By whom was this math being done?
গ
By whom was the math done?
ঘ
Whom was this math done?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

By whom was the math done?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

By whom was the math done?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who - এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমেই By whom বসবে।
- তারপর Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসবে।
- তারপর active voice- এর object টি passive voice - এর subject হবে।
- তারপর মূল verb - এর past participle বসবে।
- Sentence টি interrogative sentence - এ-ই থাকবে, তাই শেষে interrogative চিহ্ন '?' বসবে।

Active voice: Who did the math?
Passive voice: By whom was the math done?

Active Voice: Who wrote this poem?
Passive Voice: By whom was this poem written?

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.