বিষয়সমূহ

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Conditional Sentence

মোট প্রশ্ন৫৬০এই পাতা৫৭প্রতি পাতা১০০
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Conditional Sentence

PrepBank · পাতা / · ৫০১৫৫৭ / ৫৬০

৫০১.
Correct the following sentence:
I wouldn't worry if I were you.
  1. I would you
  2. I had been you
  3. I would be you
  4. no correction needed
সঠিক উত্তর:
no correction needed
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
no correction needed
ব্যাখ্যা
Second Conditionals এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- If যুক্ত clause টিতে Past Simple tense থাকলে, অপর clause টি Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb) হয়। 
- Structure: If + past simple >> + would + infinitive. 

Examples: 
- If we had a garden, we could have a cat.
- If I won a lot of money, I'd buy a big house in the country.
- I wouldn't worry if I were you.

উল্লেখ্য, If এর পর যদি be verb থাকে, তাহলে 'were' ব্যবহার করা Grammatically correct. 
৫০২.
If I________ a printer, I could have printed many pictures.
  1. had
  2. had had
  3. have had
  4. had been
সঠিক উত্তর:
had had
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
had had
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - had had.
- Complete sentence: If had had a printer, I could have printed many pictures.
- বাক্যটি third conditionals এর উদাহরণ।

• Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- If + Past Perfect (had +V3) = Subject + would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle form)
- নিয়মানুযায়ী,  
- এই বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় অংশে subject + could have + Verb এর past participle form (printed) রয়েছে।
- তাই If যুক্ত অংশে If + had + V3 হবে।
৫০৩.
What would have happened if _____________
  1. the plane has been delayed?
  2. the plane have delayed?
  3. the plane would been delayed?
  4. the plane had delayed?
  5. the plane had been delayed?
সঠিক উত্তর:
the plane had been delayed?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
the plane had been delayed?
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - the plane had been delayed?
Complete sentence: What would have happened if the plane had been delayed?

• বাক্যটি মূলত perfect conditional/3rd conditional এর উদাহরণ।
• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,

- If-এর পর Past Perfect Tense থাকলে পরবর্তী Sentence টিতে Past Perfect Conditional বসে।
অর্থাৎ, would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form হয়।
Structure: If + Past Perfect Tense (had + verb এর past participle form) + would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form.
- আর যদি বাক্যটি passive sense প্রকাশ করে তবে - If + had been + Verb এর past participle form হয়।
Example:
- If you had come, I would have gone there.
- What would have happened if the train had been missed?

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যে clause গুলো স্থান পরিবর্তন করেছে।
- প্রথম clause টি would have + verb-এর Past Participle form happened বসেছে।
- তাই if clause তি গঠিত হবে - If + Past Perfect Tense যোগে।

• Plane যেহেতু নিজে নিজে dealy করতে পারে না তাই অবশ্যই passive হবে।
- সে কারণে If clause টি If + had been + Verb এর past participle form হবে।
৫০৪.
Which underline part of the following sentence has an error?
If you are sure that you are in the right mindset, you would have not mind an independent examination of the case.
  1. sure that
  2. in the right
  3. would have not
  4. examination
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have not
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have not
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত অপশন গুলোর মধ্যে - would have not অংশটুকু ভুল।
- would not এর স্থলে will not হলে বাক্যটি শুদ্ধ হবে।

• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা  Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হতে পারে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।

• কখন Present indefinite আর কখন First Conditionals তা বোঝার সহজ উপায় হচ্ছে - 
-  চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
-
সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।


• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি দ্বারা সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা নির্দেশ করছে।
- তাই বাক্যে future in the past (would not) এর ব্যবহার ভুল।
- এখানে future Indefinite হিসেবে will not বসবে।
- Correct sentence: If you are sure that you are in the right mindset, you will not mind an independent examination of the case.
৫০৫.
If I won the lottery, I ________________ a house by the beach.
  1. would have bought
  2. will buy
  3. would buy
  4. buy
সঠিক উত্তর:
would buy
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would buy
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete Sentence: If I won the lottery, I would buy a house by the beach.
- প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি একটি second conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।

• Second Conditional এর structure: 
• If + simple past (Verb এর past form/were/had) + would/could/might + base form of the verb.
- অর্থাৎ, - If যুক্ত clause টিতে If এরপর verb এর past indefinite or were/had আসলে এরপর subject + would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form ব্যবহৃত হয়।

More Examples of Second Conditional:
1. If she studied harder, she would pass the exam with flying colours.
2. If you practised more, you would become a better guitarist.
৫০৬.
If they had more resources, they _________ the business.
  1. could have expanded
  2. could expand
  3. could expanded
  4. could be expanded
সঠিক উত্তর:
could expand
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
could expand
ব্যাখ্যা
• The correct answer is: could expand.

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Complete sentence: If they had more resources, they could expand the business.
- Bangla meaning: যদি তাদের আরও সম্পদ থাকত, তবে তারা ব্যবসাটি সম্প্রসারিত করতে পারত।

• উল্লেখ্য যে,
- এখানে had, main verb হিসেবে বসেছে। সেই হিসেবে অন্য অপশন গুলো ভুল।

Source: A passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৫০৭.
If you had told me the truth, ________.
  1. I would have trusted you
  2. I would trusted you
  3. I would trust you
  4. I have trusted you
সঠিক উত্তর:
I would have trusted you
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I would have trusted you
ব্যাখ্যা

• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

• তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী, শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে -  I would have trusted you.

Complete Sentence: If you had told me the truth, I would have trusted you.

Other options,
খ) I would trusted you
→ এখানে “would” এর পরে verb-এর base form (trust) আসা উচিত, কিন্তু “trusted” দেওয়া হয়েছে, তাছাড়া এটি 3rd Conditional তাই সঠিক উত্তর - I would have trusted you.
→ তাই এটি grammatical mistake.

গ) I would trust you
→ এটি 2nd conditional (If + Past Simple, would + base verb) এর গঠন।
→ কিন্তু আমাদের বাক্যটি Past Perfect (had told) দিয়ে শুরু হয়েছে, তাই এখানে “would trust” বসবে না। এটি 3rd Conditional তাই সঠিক উত্তর - I would have trusted you.

ঘ) I have trusted you
→ এটি Present Perfect tense।
→ কিন্তু শর্তমূলক অতীত ঘটনার সাথে এর কোনো সম্পর্ক নেই।

৫০৮.
Complete the sentence: If I ____ you, I would take the money.
  1. ক) were
  2. খ) am
  3. গ) have been
  4. ঘ) are
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) were
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) were
ব্যাখ্যা
- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে were.

• Second Conditional:
• If + were + extension, sub + would/could/might + Verb- এর present form.
Example:
1. If I were you, I would take the money.
2. If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
3. If I were you, I would pat your jacket on.
৫০৯.
They would have arrived earlier if they _______ lost.
  1. didn't get
  2. weren't get
  3. haven't got
  4. wouldn't get
  5. hadn't got
সঠিক উত্তর:
hadn't got
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
hadn't got
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - hadn't got.
- Complete sentence: They would have arrived earlier if they hadn't got lost.
- বাক্যটি Third Conditional এর উদাহরণ।

• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- Principal clause এ would have/could have/might have + verb এর past participle থাকলে if clause টি past perfect হয়।
- structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3) If they hadn't got (If + Past perfect ) বসেছে।
৫১০.
If they had taken the earlier flight, they could arrive on time.
Change the underlined words appropriately.
  1. could arrive
  2. could be arrived
  3. could have arrived
  4. might arrive
সঠিক উত্তর:
could have arrived
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
could have arrived
ব্যাখ্যা
• If clause এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- এটাকে Third conditional বলা হয়।
- আবার Conditional sentence- এ Had + sub + V3 + extension, এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।
Example:
- If you had not helped me, I would have failed the examination.
- If you had come earlier, you would have found a good seat.
- If you had started earlier, you would not have missed the train.
- Had I been a king, I would have helped the poor.

So, Complete Sentence - If they had taken the earlier flight, they could have arrived on time.
(Meaning: They didn't take the earlier flight, and as a result, they didn't arrive on time.)

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M Zakir Hussain.
৫১১.
If he had the skills, he ________ for that job.
  1. would have applied
  2. would apply
  3. have applied
  4. applied
সঠিক উত্তর:
would apply
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would apply
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

Complete sentence: If he had the skills, he would apply for that job.
৫১২.
Choose the correct sentence-
  1. If we had left earlier, we would have arrived on time. 
  2. If I won a lottery, I would buy a big house.
  3. If it rains, we won't go to the park.
  4. All of the above.
সঠিক উত্তর:
All of the above.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
All of the above.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: All of the above.

উল্লিখিত অপশনগুলো
ক) If we had left earlier, we would have arrived on time. 
- Conditional sentence টি Third condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে সঠিক। কারণ 3rd condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে If যুক্ত Clause টি Past Perfect tense হলে অপর Clause টিতে would have/Could have+ verb এর past participle হয়।

খ) If I won a lottery, I would buy a big house.
- Conditional sentence টি 2nd condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে সঠিক। কারণ 2nd condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে If যুক্ত Clause টি Past Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clause টিতে would /Could + verb এর Present form হয়।

ঘ) If it rains, we won't go to the park.
- Conditional sentence টি 1st condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে সঠিক। কারণ 1st condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে If যুক্ত Clause টি Present Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clause টিতে will/can/may/shall + verb এর Present form হয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition

৫১৩.
If ________ yesterday, we _______ to the beach.
  1. it hadn't had rained, would have gone
  2. it haven't had rained, would have gone
  3. it hadn't have rained, would have gone
  4. it hadn't rained, would have gone
সঠিক উত্তর:
it hadn't rained, would have gone
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
it hadn't rained, would have gone
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানদ্বয়ে  সঠিক উত্তর - it hadn't rained, would have gone
- Complete sentence: If it hadn't rained yesterday, we would have gone to the beach.
• বাক্যটি Third conditional এর ভিত্তিতে সঠিক।

 • 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If-এর পর Past Perfect Tense থাকলে পরবর্তী Sentence টিতে Past Perfect Conditional বসে।
অর্থাৎ, would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form হয়।
Structure: If + Past Perfect Tense + Past Perfect Conditional.
Example: If you had come, I would have gone there.

• অথবা, 
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
- Had I known about the traffic, I would have left earlier.
৫১৪.
Had I known about the accident, I __________ to the hospital.
  1. would have rush
  2. would had rushed
  3. had rushed
  4. would have rushed
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have rushed
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have rushed
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Complete Sentence: Had I known about the accident, I would have rushed to the hospital.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫১৫.
Fill in the gap with the right tense:
If you heat metal, it ___.
  1. expands
  2. will expand
  3. expanded
  4. would expand
সঠিক উত্তর:
expands
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
expands
ব্যাখ্যা
• এটি একটি zero conditional sentence, যা সাধারণ সত্য বা বৈজ্ঞানিক নিয়ম বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Zero conditional এর গঠন হলো:
- If + Present Simple + Present Simple.

Complete sentence: If you heat metal, it expands.
Bangla: যখন তুমি ধাতবকে গরম করো, তখন এটা প্রসারিত হয়।

Example:
- If you touch fire, it burns.
৫১৬.
Complete the sentence. If I were you, I ____ take the opportunity.
  1. may
  2. will
  3. shall
  4. would
সঠিক উত্তর:
would
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete sentence: If I were you, I would take the opportunity.

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী গঠিত।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- If যুক্ত Sentence এ subject এর পর be verb আসলে সেক্ষেত্রে were ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Second Conditional:
• If + were + extension, would/could/might + Verb- এর present form.

যেমনঃ
- If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
- If I were you, I would pat your jacket on.
- If I were you, I would take the money.
- If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
৫১৭.
Had I known about the traffic, I __________ home sooner.
  1. would left
  2. have left
  3. would have leave
  4. would have left
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have left
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have left
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Complete Sentence: Had I known about the traffic, I would have left home sooner.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫১৮.
Had I the wings of a bird _____________.
  1. I would flew in the sky.
  2. I could fly in the sky.
  3. I would have flown in the sky.
  4. I could flown in the sky
সঠিক উত্তর:
I could fly in the sky.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I could fly in the sky.
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - I could fly in the sky.
- Had I the wings of a bird I could fly in the sky.
- অর্থ: আমার যদি পাখির মত ডানা থাকত, তাহলে আকাশে উড়তে পারতাম।

• Sentence এর শুরুতে If এর পরিবর্তে had বসিয়ে 2nd conditional তৈরি করা যায়।
- Structure: Had + subject + object.... + Sub + would/could/might + v1 + obj.
৫১৯.
He had written the book before he-
  1. ক) retired
  2. খ) had retired
  3. গ) has retired
  4. ঘ) will be retired
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) retired
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) retired
ব্যাখ্যা
We commonly use before with the past simple tense.
It suggests that the second event happened soon after the first one.
The “before” clause, which indicates the second action, can be at the end or at the beginning of the sentence.
We sometimes use before clauses in a variety of tenses to say that the action or event in the before clause did not or may not happen:
Before he had finished his training, he was sacked.

Source: Cambridge Dictionary
৫২০.
Identify the correct sentence.
  1. Had you told me the truth, I would helped you.
  2. Has you told me the truth, I would have helped you.
  3. Had you told me the truth, I would have helped you.
  4. Had you told me the truth, I would help you.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Had you told me the truth, I would have helped you.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Had you told me the truth, I would have helped you.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।
- তাই পরবর্তী clause এ - would/could/might + have + V3 + extension. ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - Had you told me the truth, I would have helped you.

• More Example:
- Had I been a king, I would have helped the poor.
- Had I possessed vast property, I would have established a college.
- Had she studied harder, she might have passed the exam.
- Had it rained, we would have canceled the picnic.
৫২১.
Identify the correct sentence:
  1. The project would have been completed if more resources had allocated.
  2. The project would have been completed if more resources had been allocated.
  3. The project would have been completed if more resources been allocated.
  4. The project will be completed if more resources had been allocated.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The project would have been completed if more resources had been allocated.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The project would have been completed if more resources had been allocated.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct sentence: The project would have been completed if more resources had been allocated.
- Bangla meaning: আরও সম্পদ বরাদ্দ করা হলে প্রকল্পটি সম্পন্ন হত।

• Third conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে)-এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।

• Structure: If + Past Perfect (had + V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle.
• Passive Structure: If + Past Perfect (had been+ V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have been+ verb-এর past participle.

- এখানে, project এবং resources উভয়ই অন্যদের দ্বারা হবে।
- তাই এখানে passive structure হবে।

• More Examples:
- The accident might have been avoided if the driver had been more careful.
- The report would have been finished earlier if they had worked overnight.

৫২২.
If they ______ (leave) earlier, they would have caught the train.
  1. leave
  2. left
  3. had left
  4. have left
সঠিক উত্তর:
had left
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
had left
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - গ) had left
- Complete sentence: If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.
- এটি একটি 3rd Conditional sentence।

• 3rd Conditional sentence:
Third conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে)-এ যদি (had V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause-এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।
- Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle.

• Example:
- If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.
- If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train.

Source: A Passage To The English Language. S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৫২৩.
If you heat ice cream, it ________.
  1. will melt
  2. melted.
  3. melts
  4. would melt.
সঠিক উত্তর:
melts
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
melts
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: melts.
Complete sentence: If you heat ice cream, it melts.

• এই বাক্যটি একটি zero conditional sentence, যা সাধারণ সত্য বা বৈজ্ঞানিক নিয়ম প্রকাশ করে।
- Zero conditional গঠনে উভয় clause-এ present simple tense ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- "If you heat ice cream" - এটি present simple tense-এ লেখা এবং একটি condition.
- এর ফলাফল অংশেও present simple tense দরকার তাই "melts" সঠিক।
- Ice গরম করলে গলে যায় এটি একটি বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য, তাই "melts" সঠিক tense এবং verb form.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫২৪.
If he had listened to my advice, he ___________.
  1. will not fail
  2. would not fail
  3. would not have failed
  4. would have failed
সঠিক উত্তর:
would not have failed
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would not have failed
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Complete Sentence: If he had listened to my advice, he would not have failed.

- পরামর্শ (advice) শুনলে সাধারণত ফেল হওয়া রোধ হয়, ফেল হওয়ার কারণ হয় পরামর্শ না শোনা।
- তাই, এই বাক্যেটি উপদেশের লজিকের সাথে would have failed মিলে না।
- সঠিক উত্তর হবে: would not have failed.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫২৫.
If we had more time, we __________ on a longer trip.
  1. could have gone
  2. could go
  3. could gone
  4. gone
সঠিক উত্তর:
could go
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
could go
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

Complete sentence: If we had more time, we could go on a longer trip.
Bangla meaning: যদি আমাদের আরও সময় থাকত, তবে আমরা একটি দীর্ঘ যাত্রায় যেতে পারতাম।

• এখানে had, main verb হিসেবে বসেছে। সেই হিসেবে অন্য অপশন গুলো ভুল।
৫২৬.
Select the sentence with correct conditional structure.
  1. If he would have followed the design code, the error would not occur.
  2. If he follows the design code, the error would not have occurred.
  3. If he had followed the design code, the error would not have occurred.
  4. If he followed the design code, the error will not have occurred.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If he had followed the design code, the error would not have occurred.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If he had followed the design code, the error would not have occurred.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Sentence: If he had followed the design code, the error would not have occurred.

- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 3rd conditional এর উদাহরণ। তাই If যুক্ত Clause টি past perfect হওয়ায় পরবর্তী Clause এ would not have এর পর verb এর past participle হয়েছে।

• Third conditional-এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে)-এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।
- Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle.
- Negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করলে would/could/might + not হয়।

Other Options:
ক) If he would have followed the design code, the error would not occur.
- ভুল (সবচেয়ে সাধারণ ভুল)।
- "If" clause-এ would have followed ব্যবহার করা যায় না।

খ) If he follows the design code, the error would not have occurred.
- ভুল (mixed conditional-এর ভুল ব্যবহার)।
- "follows" হলো present simple (first conditional-এর মতো)। 

ঘ) If he followed the design code, the error will not have occurred.
- ভুল (tense mismatch).
- "followed" হলো past simple (second conditional-এর মতো present/future unreal).

৫২৭.
If he ____ a human being, he would not have done this crime.
  1. had been
  2. has been
  3. was
  4. is
সঠিক উত্তর:
had been
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
had been
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete Sentence: If he had been a human being, he would not have done this crime.

উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।
- একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
1. Condition বা শর্ত।
2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals,
2. The First Conditionals,
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals.

 এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
→ Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
→ 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future.
→ 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (Subject + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb).
→ 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +Verb এর past participle) + Perfect Modal (Subject + would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle).
→ অথবা, Had + sub+ verb এর past participle + Sub + would/ could/might + have + past participle of verb.

• সুতরাং, 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর টি হবে - had been.
Complete sentence: If he had been a human being, he would not have done this crime.
৫২৮.
Improve the following sentence:
Had we taken the other route, we would have avoid the traffic jam.
  1. would have avoided
  2. have avoided
  3. have not avoided
  4. will have avoided
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have avoided
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have avoided
ব্যাখ্যা
• Incorrect Sentence: Had we taken the other route, we would have avoid the traffic jam.
- Correct Sentence: Had we taken the other route, we would have avoided the traffic jam.
- Bangla meaning: যদি আমরা অন্য রাস্তা ধরতাম, তাহলে যানজট এড়াতে পারতাম।

• If clause এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause এ would/ could/ might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- এটাকে Third conditional বলা হয়।

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি Clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ Had দিয়ে Clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত Cause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় Clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।
৫২৯.
Fill in the blank with right form of verb: Had I possessed vast property, I ________ a college.
  1. ক) would had established
  2. খ) would have been established
  3. গ) would have established
  4. ঘ) would had been established
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) would have established
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) would have established
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।
তাই পরবর্তী clause এ - would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Example:
Had I been a king, I would have helped the poor.
Had I possessed vast property, I would have established a college.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৫৩০.
Had I known about the event, I ____________ you there.
  1. would meet
  2. would have met
  3. would met
  4. would had meet
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have met
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have met
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complete Sentence: Had I known about the event, I would have met you there.
→ প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 3rd Conditional- এ রয়েছে।

• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3+ Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3+ extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।

•  একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
1. Condition বা শর্ত  
2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
৫৩১.
If they _______ about the traffic, they ___________ a different route.
  1. had known, would have taken
  2. known, would have taken
  3. had known, would take
  4. had known, had taken
সঠিক উত্তর:
had known, would have taken
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
had known, would have taken
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।
- তাই পরবর্তী clause এ - would/could/might + have + V3 + extension. ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী এখানে 'had known' এবং 'would have taken' বসবে।

Correct Sentence: If they had known about the traffic, they would have taken a different route.
৫৩২.
If I had a pen, I (write) a letter. Here the right form of verb is-
  1. ক) writing
  2. খ) would write
  3. গ) will write
  4. ঘ) had written
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) would write
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) would write
ব্যাখ্যা
• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
If-এর পর Past indefinite tense থাকলে পরবর্তী Sentence টিতে Would/Could/Might + verb-এর base form হয়।
Structure: If + past indefinite + comma + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form. 
Example- If I were a plant, I would love the rain.
সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - would write.
Complete Sentence: If I had a pen, I would write a letter.
৫৩৩.
If she __________, she would have been less stressed.
  1. had quited her job earlier
  2. would have quited her job earlier
  3. had quit her job earlier
  4. would had quit her job earlier
সঠিক উত্তর:
had quit her job earlier
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
had quit her job earlier
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - had quit her job earlier
- Complete sentence: If she had quit her job earlier, she would have been less stressed.
- Bangla Meaning: যদি সে তার কাজটি আগে ছেড়ে দিত, তবে সে কম অশান্তিতে থাকত।
- Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী বাক্যটি সঠিক। 

• Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If- এর পর Past Perfect Tense হয়  পরবর্তী clause টিতে Past Perfect Conditional বসে।
- অর্থাৎ, would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form হয়।
- Structure: 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)

•  আবার,
- অনেকসময় conditional-এ subordinate conjunction if এর পরিবর্তে sentence এর শুরুতে Had ব্যবহার করা যায় এবং এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- এবং এক্ষেত্রেও, পরবর্তী clause subject এরপর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং এর পরের verbটির past participle form হয়। 
- যেমন - Had I known about the party, I would have joined it.
৫৩৪.
If I had tried again -
  1. I could solve the problem.
  2. I could have solved the problem.
  3. I could solved the problem.
  4. I could have solve the problem. 
সঠিক উত্তর:
I could have solved the problem.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I could have solved the problem.
ব্যাখ্যা
Conditional sentence এ if যুক্ত Clause-টি Past Perfect হলে Main Clause-টি Perfect Conditional হয়।
অর্থাৎ Subject এর সাথে would have/could have/might have এবং Verb এর Past Participle Form হয়।
Passive এর বেলায় would have/could have/might have + been বসে।

এখানে যেহেতু বাক্যটি Active voice এ রয়েছে তাই পরের অংশে "I could have solved the problem." বসবে।
৫৩৫.
Complete the sentence: If they had called us, _______________.
  1. we would leave earlier.
  2. we would have left earlier.
  3. we would left earlier.
  4. we would had left earlier.
সঠিক উত্তর:
we would have left earlier.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
we would have left earlier.
ব্যাখ্যা

Complete sentence: If they had called us, we would have left earlier.
-
প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 3rd conditional এর উদাহরণ। তাই If যুক্ত Clause টি past Participle form এ হওয়ায় পরবর্তী Clause এ would have+   Verb এর past participle হবে।

3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V₃) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + Verb এর Past Participle + extension   ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + Verb এর Past Participle+ Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলেও সেটি 3rd   conditional হয়।

Source: A Passage To The English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫৩৬.
If he ____ more carefully, he _____ so many mistakes.
  1. wrote, would have
  2. had written, wouldn't have made
  3. had written, wouldn't have to do
  4. had been, would make
  5. None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর:
had written, wouldn't have made
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
had written, wouldn't have made
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complete sentence: If he had written more carefully, he wouldn't have made so many mistakes.
- Bangla Meaning: যদি সে আরও সতর্কভাবে লিখত, তবে সে এত ভুল করত না।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি Third Conditional sentence -এর উপর ভিত্তি করে করা হয়েছে।
- একটি Conditional sentence -এ দু'টি clause থাকে: subordinate clause এবং principal clause.

• Third conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে)-এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।
- Third Conditional sentence মূলত past hypothetical situations বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle.

• Note: If না থাকলে Condition part টি Had দ্বারা শুরু হতে পারে।

• More Examples:
1. If he had not helped me, I would have failed the test.
2. If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

• সুতরাং, সঠিক উত্তর হবে- খ) had written, wouldn't have made

Source:
1. Cambridge Dictionary.
2. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৫৩৭.
If cigarettes were banned, life _______ healthier.
  1. will be
  2. become
  3. should become
  4. would become
সঠিক উত্তর:
would become
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would become
ব্যাখ্যা
→ Bangladesh Bank OG exam: 2019. [Faculty of Arts]

• Second Conditional:
• If + were + extension, would/could/might + Verb- এর present form.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ) would become.

Complete sentence: If cigarettes were banned, life would become healthier.
৫৩৮.
Had they arrived earlier, they __________ the manager.
  1. have met
  2. would have meet
  3. would have met
  4. would met
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have met
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have met
ব্যাখ্যা

Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: Had they arrived earlier, they would have met the manager.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৩৯.
He talks as though ____.
  1. ক) he was a child
  2. খ) he had a child
  3. গ) he were a child
  4. ঘ) he is a child
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) he were a child
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) he were a child
ব্যাখ্যা
- উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে he were a child.

• As if/As though:
- Present Tense + as if/ as though + past simple.
- এর প্রথম অংশে present indefinite tense থাকলে পরের অংশে past indefinite tense হয়। 
- এক্ষেত্রে be verb টি সর্বদা were হয়। 
- আবার প্রথম অংশে past indefinite  tense হলে পরের অংশে past perfect tense হয়। 
Example:
- He talks as though he were a child.
- He acted as if he had been mad.

Source: CLIFFS TOEFL.
৫৪০.
If she ______ the truth, she would not have acted so rashly.
  1. was learned
  2. learned
  3. have Learnt
  4. had learnt
  5. had learn
সঠিক উত্তর:
had learnt
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
had learnt
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - had learnt.
- Complete sentence: If she ad learnt the truth, she would not have acted so rashly.
- Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী এখানে, had learnt বসেছে।

• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Principal clause এ would have/could have/might have + verb এর past participle থাকলে if clause টি past perfect হয়।
- Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)

• একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত।
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 
 
• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals
 
• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
- অথবা - Had + sub+ verb এর past participle + Sub+ would/ could/might + have + pp of verb
৫৪১.
I would have lent you my notes if you _______ me.
  1. had asked
  2. asked
  3. asking
  4. asks
সঠিক উত্তর:
had asked
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
had asked
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - had asked.
- Complete sentence: I would have lent you my notes if you had asked me.
- বাক্যটি third conditionals এর উদাহরণ।
 
• Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If + Past Perfect (had +V3) = Subject + would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle form)
- নিয়মানুযায়ী,  
- এই বাক্যের প্রথম অংশে would have +  Verb এর past participle lent রয়েছে।
- তাই দ্বিতীয় বা If যুক্ত অংশেন If + Past Perfect (had +asked) হবে।
৫৪২.
If you study diligently, you ___________ the primary job recruitment examination with flying colours.
  1. pass
  2. will pass
  3. passed
  4. would pass
সঠিক উত্তর:
will pass
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
will pass
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete Sentence: If you study diligently, you will pass the primary job recruitment examination with flying colours.

→ প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি একটি 1st Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।
→ বাক্যটি 1st Conditional হওয়ায় পরের অংশ Future tense- এ হয়েছে।

1st Conditionals sentence এর সাধারণ structure হলো:
- If + present simple, will/won't + verb.

Example Sentence:
1. If you study hard, you will succeed in the exam.
2. If you finish your work on time, you will have more free time.
3. If I have time, I will join you for lunch.
4. If he doesn't hurry, he will miss the flight.

Source: Advanced Learner’s Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৫৪৩.
If I had a bicycle, I would have ridden to school.
Which correction should be made to this sentence?
  1. would ride
  2. would ridden
  3. would rode
  4. No correction needed
সঠিক উত্তর:
would ride
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would ride
ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর: ক) would ride.

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,
Correct sentence: If I had a bicycle, I would ride to school.

এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।

Other options,
খ) would ridden → ভুল। "Would" এর পরে ridden (V3) আসতে পারে না। “Would” must be followed by the base verb, not the past participle.

গ) would rode → ভুল। "Would" এর পরে rode (V2) আসে না। “Would” must be followed by the base verb, not the past participle.

৫৪৪.
If she asked politely, I ________ her my notes.
  1. have give
  2. would have give
  3. would give
  4. give
সঠিক উত্তর:
would give
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would give
ব্যাখ্যা

• If Clause টি Past Tense এ থাকলে Principle Clause এ subject এরপর Would বসে।
- এটি ব্যবহৃত হয় বর্তমান বা ভবিষ্যতের কাল্পনিক/ অসম্ভব/ অবাস্তব অবস্থার জন্য।
- যাকে Second Conditional Sentence বলা হয়।
 
Structure: If + Subject + Past Simple + Subject + would + base verb.

Correct answer: If she asked politely, I would give her my notes.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৪৫.
They will open the shop if ___________________.
  1. it will rain
  2. rain stops
  3. rain will stop
  4. it is raining
সঠিক উত্তর:
rain stops
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
rain stops
ব্যাখ্যা
• First Condition এর নিয়ম অনুযায়ী If + Present + Future.
- If দ্বারা শর্ত বুঝানো হয়।
- হতেও পারে নাও হতে পারে বুঝাতে If ব্যবহার করা হয়।

Example Sentence:
- If you want, I will help you.
আবার আগে I will help you, if you want এটিও হয়।

এখানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে, They will open the shop if rain stops.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition
৫৪৬.
Complete the sentence: In case I did the sum, ______.
  1. ক) You had done.
  2. খ) You would have done did.
  3. গ) You would do.
  4. ঘ) You have done.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) You would do.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) You would do.
ব্যাখ্যা
Conditionals: If, in case, provided, provided that, providing that = যদি, Unless = যদি না।
এগুলোর ক্ষেত্রে একই rules প্রযোজ্য হয়।

এখানে 2nd conditional এর rule প্রযোজ্য হবে।
অর্থাৎ, in case যুক্ত clause টি past tense এ হওয়ায় অন্য clause টি তে sub + would/could + V1 বসবে।

সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর গ)
৫৪৭.
If you mix red and blue, you ___ purple.
  1. got
  2. will get
  3. get
  4. would have got
সঠিক উত্তর:
get
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
get
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: গ) get.
- Complete Sentence: If you mix red and blue, you get purple.

- Scientific fact হলে তা Zero Conditional হবে।
- এটি বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য, তাই Zero Conditional.
- Zero Conditional = If + Present Indefinite + Present Indefinite.
- বাক্যটিতে প্রথম অংশে present indefinite এবং zero condition তাই, পরবর্তী অংশে present indefinite হবে।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৫৪৮.
If you don't leave, _____________________.
  1. I had called the police
  2. I called the police
  3. I'll call the police
  4. I was calling the police
সঠিক উত্তর:
I'll call the police
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I'll call the police
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি একটি First Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

Structure: If + present simple tense, will + base form of the verb.

• First conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- Conditional-এ subordinate conjunction 'if' এর পর Present Simple Tense হলে, 
তার পরবর্তী Clause- এ will + base form of the verb হবে।

Complete sentence: If you don't leave, I'll call the police.

Example Sentence:
1. If I see her, I will ask about the project.
2. If the weather is nice, we will go for a picnic.
3. If you water the plants, they will thrive.

- These are the examples of the First Conditional.
৫৪৯.
Choose the correct sentence.
  1. ক) If I had known you were coming, I would go to the station.
  2. খ) If I had known you were coming, I had gone to the station.
  3. গ) If I had known you were coming, I would have gone to the station.
  4. ঘ) If I had known you were coming, I would be going to the station.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) If I had known you were coming, I would have gone to the station.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) If I had known you were coming, I would have gone to the station.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- - If clause এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + verb-এর Past Participle form + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর -  If I had known you were coming, I would have gone to the station.
৫৫০.
If we had saved more money, we _________________ on vacation last year.
  1. could be going
  2. went
  3. could go
  4. could have gone
সঠিক উত্তর:
could have gone
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
could have gone
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete Sentence: If we had saved more money, we could have gone on vacation last year.

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি একটি 3rd Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

Structure: If + past perfect tense + would/could/might + have + past participle.

• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
• Conditional- এ subordinate conjunction 'if' এর পর Past Perfect Tense হলে,
- তার পরবর্তী Clause- এ would/could/might + have + Verb-এর Past Participle form হবে।

Example Sentence:
1. If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.
2. If he had apologized, she might have forgiven him.
৫৫১.
If I had more free time, I would _____ a new language.
  1. learn
  2. learning
  3. to learn
  4. learned
সঠিক উত্তর:
learn
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
learn
ব্যাখ্যা

• If যুক্ত Clause টি Past Tense এ থাকলে Principle Clause এ subject এরপর Would বসে।
- Would এরপর verb এর base form বসে।
- এটি ব্যবহৃত হয় বর্তমান বা ভবিষ্যতের কাল্পনিক/ অসম্ভব/ অবাস্তব অবস্থার জন্য।
- যাকে Second Conditional Sentence বলা হয়।
 
Structure: If + Subject + Past Simple + Subject + would + base verb.

• Correct answer: If I had more free time, I would learn a new language.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৫২.
If she had practiced more, she _______ the competition.
  1. have win
  2. would won
  3. would have won
  4. would have win
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have won
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have won
ব্যাখ্যা
• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

• তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী, শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would have won.

Complete Sentence: If she had practiced more, she would have won the competition.
৫৫৩.
Fill in the blanks with the right verb forms to make it a meaningful sentence.
If you ______ hard in your school days, you ______ this examination today.
  1. ক) studied, will clear
  2. খ) study, will clear
  3. গ) had studied, would have cleared
  4. ঘ) had studied, cleared
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) had studied, would have cleared
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) had studied, would have cleared
ব্যাখ্যা
The given sentence is an example of a third conditional.
Third Conditional: The third conditional, also called the "Past Unreal" conditional is used to describe unreal situations in the past.
It is often used to express regret about the past because the hypothetical situation that it describes is now impossible as a consequence of another past action.
The structure of it as follows: If + past perfect, would + have + past participle.
Example: If we had won, I would have been happy.
Therefore, as per the points mentioned above, we find that the correct answer is Option 3.
৫৫৪.
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he ___________ sooner.
  1. have recovered
  2. would recovered
  3. would have recovered
  4. would have recover
  5. None of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have recovered
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have recovered
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Complete Sentence: If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would have recovered sooner.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৫৫.
Had he found the right buyer, he _______ the car.
  1. would have sold
  2. have sold
  3. had sold
  4. would had sold
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have sold
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have sold
ব্যাখ্যা
Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি Clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ Had দিয়ে Clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত Cause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় Clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: Had he found the right buyer, he would have sold the car.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৫৫৬.
If they had invested in renewable energy sources a decade ago, they __________ significantly ___________ their carbon footprint and contributed to a more sustainable future.
  1. would, reduce
  2. would have, reduced
  3. can, reduce
  4. will, reduce
  5. None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have, reduced
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have, reduced
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি একটি 3rd Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

Structure: If + past perfect tense + would/could/might + have + past participle.

• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- Conditional-এ subordinate conjunction 'if' এর পর Past Perfect Tense হলে,
তার পরবর্তী Clause- এ would/could/might + have + Verb-এর Past Participle form হবে।

Complete sentence: If they had invested in renewable energy sources a decade ago, they would have significantly reduced their carbon footprint and contributed to a more sustainable future.

Example Sentence:
1. If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
2. If they had left earlier, they wouldn't have missed the train.

- These are the examples of the Third Conditional.
৫৫৭.
If you mix hydrogen and oxygen, ________.
  1. you get water.
  2. you will get water.
  3. you would get water.
  4. you would have got water.
সঠিক উত্তর:
you get water.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
you get water.
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যটি একটি zero conditional এর উদাহরণ।
- এ ধরনের conditionals গুলো হলো real conditions.

• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা  Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
- অথবা, If +Present indefinite = Subject + Verb এর present form/ (may/can) + verb এর present form.
- এর if যুক্ত অংশ যদি present indefinite এ হয়, তাহলে এরপরের অংশেও present imdefinite এ হয়।

• প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য। 
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর: you get water.
- Complete Sentence: If you mix hydrogen and oxygen, you get water.
-------------------------
• একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)