বিষয়সমূহ

PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন

Conditional Sentence

মোট প্রশ্ন৫৬০এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Conditional Sentence

PrepBank · পাতা / · ৪০১৫০০ / ৫৬০

৪০১.
Fill in the gap: Had I ______ him, I would have told him the matter.
  1. ক) been seen
  2. খ) seen
  3. গ) be seen
  4. ঘ) seeing
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) seen
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) seen
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- অনেকসময় conditional-এ subordinate conjunction if এর পরিবর্তে sentence এর শুরুতে Had ব্যবহার করা যায় এবং এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়। তাই পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:
Had I seen him, I would have told him the matter.
Had I been a king, I would have helped the poor.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪০২.
Had we prepared well, we ________ the competition.
  1. have won
  2. could have won
  3. could won
  4. could win
সঠিক উত্তর:
could have won
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
could have won
ব্যাখ্যা
• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

Complete sentence: Had we prepared well, we could have won the competition.
৪০৩.
Identify the correct sentence.
  1. If water boils it would rise into vapor.
  2. If water boils it rise into vapor.
  3. If water boils it may rise into vapor.
  4. If water boils it would have rised into vapor.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If water boils it may rise into vapor.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If water boils it may rise into vapor.
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যটি একটি zero conditional এর উদাহরণ।
- এ ধরনের conditionals গুলো হলো real conditions.

• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
- অথবা, If +Present indefinite = Subject + Verb এর present form/ (my/can) + verb এর present form.
- এর if যুক্ত অংশ যদি present indefinite এ হয়, তাহলে এরপরের অংশেও present imdefinite এ হয়।

• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা  Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

• প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য। 
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর:
- If water boils it may rise into vapor.
- অথবা - If water boils it rises into vapor.
- যেহেতু It third person singular number, তাই verb এর সাথে -s/es যুক্ত হবে।
৪০৪.
If you had told me you needed a ride, _________.
  1. I had left carlier.
  2. I would have left earlier.
  3. I would have leave earlier.
  4. I would leave earlier.
সঠিক উত্তর:
I would have left earlier.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I would have left earlier.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third conditional:
- Had + past perfect + would/could/might have + Vpp + extension. যেমনঃ
- If you had started earlier, you would not have missed the train.

সেই অনুসারে,
Complete sentence: If you had told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.

• Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।
- If clause এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমনঃ
- Had he known anything, he would have told me.
৪০৫.
Identify the correct sentence.
  1. If I had more free time, I would learned a new language.
  2. If I had more free time, I had learn a new language.
  3. If I had more free time, I would have learned a new language.
  4. If I had more free time, I would learn a new language.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If I had more free time, I would learn a new language.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If I had more free time, I would learn a new language.
ব্যাখ্যা

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,
Correct sentence: If I had more free time, I would learn a new language.

এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।

৪০৬.
Had the company invested in new technology, it might have been increased its profits.
  1. could have increase
  2. may have increased
  3. might have increased
  4. No error
সঠিক উত্তর:
might have increased
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
might have increased
ব্যাখ্যা

The required answer is - C.

Correct answer: Had the company invested in new technology, it might have increased its profits.
- Bangla meaning: যদি কোম্পানি নতুন প্রযুক্তিতে বিনিয়োগ করত, তবে লাভ বৃদ্ধি পেত।

Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি Clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ Had দিয়ে Clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত Cause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় Clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪০৭.
If we ____ in New York, we would visit Central Park.
  1. live
  2. will live
  3. lived
  4. lives
সঠিক উত্তর:
lived
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
lived
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complete sentence: If we lived in New York, we would visit Central Park.
- Bangla Meaning: আমরা যদি নিউ ইয়র্কে থাকতাম, তাহলে সেন্ট্রাল পার্কে যেতাম।

• প্রশ্নটি মূলত Second conditional-এর উপর ভিত্তি করে করা হয়েছে।
- একটি conditional sentence-এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
1. Condition বা শর্ত,
2. Consequence বা ফলাফল।

• Second Conditional-এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- শর্তযুক্ত অংশে If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause থাকলে, পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject-এর পরে would/could/might + verb-এর base form বসে।
- সুতরাং, পরবর্তী clause এ যেহেতু would visit আছে তাই শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক verb টি হবে lived.

• Structure: If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb -এর base form + extension.

• Note: 'If' clause-এ be verb হিসেবে সর্বদাই were হবে, If না থাকলে শর্তযুক্ত অংশটি were দ্বারা শুরু হবে।
৪০৮.
If he doesn't hurry, he ___________ the flight.
  1. would miss
  2. missed
  3. will miss
  4. would have missed
সঠিক উত্তর:
will miss
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
will miss
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete Sentence: If he doesn't hurry, he will miss the flight.

- প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি একটি 1st Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।
- বাক্যটি 1st Conditional হওয়ায় পরের অংশ Future tense- এ হয়েছে।

1st Conditionals sentence এর সাধারণ structure হলো:
- If + present simple, will/won't + verb.

Example Sentence:
1. If you study hard, you will succeed in the exam.
2. If you finish your work on time, you will have more free time.
3. If I have time, I will join you for lunch.
৪০৯.
If we had taken a taxi, we _______ the plane.
  1. ক) wouldn't have missed
  2. খ) wouldn't have
  3. গ) won't have missed
  4. ঘ) won't missed
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) wouldn't have missed
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) wouldn't have missed
ব্যাখ্যা
- উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নে সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে wouldn't have missed.
 
• প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের বাক্যটি 3rd Conditional Sentence.
3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (Sub + would have/could have/might have + V3)
তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - wouldn't have missed.
Example:
If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane.
If she had studied, she would have passed the exam.
৪১০.
Had they left the house earlier, they _______ the train.
  1. have caught
  2. would caught
  3. would have been caught
  4. would have caught
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have caught
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have caught
ব্যাখ্যা

Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি Clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ Had দিয়ে Clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত Cause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় Clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: Had they left the house earlier, they would have caught the train.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪১১.
If you touch fire, it _____.
  1. will burn
  2. burned
  3. would burn
  4. burns
সঠিক উত্তর:
burns
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
burns
ব্যাখ্যা
• এটি একটি zero conditional sentence, যা সাধারণ সত্য বা বৈজ্ঞানিক নিয়ম বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Zero conditional এর গঠন হলো:
- If + Present Simple + Present Simple.

Complete sentence: If you touch fire, it burns.

Example:
- If you drop water, it spills.
৪১২.
If she _______ the warning, she _______ trouble.
  1. ignores, would have avoided
  2. had heeded, would have fallen
  3. had heeded, would have avoided
  4. had heeded, have avoided
সঠিক উত্তর:
had heeded, would have avoided
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
had heeded, would have avoided
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct answer: If she had heeded the warning, she would have avoided trouble.
- প্রদত্ত sentence টি Third conditional এর শর্ত মেনে হয়েছে।

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• had heeded, would have fallen কেন ভুল?
- "had heeded" past perfect tense → ঠিক, কারণ এটি third conditional এর প্রথম অংশে অতীতের unreal action বোঝাচ্ছে।
- "would have fallen" past perfect এর সাথে result clause এ ব্যবহার হওয়া উচিত, কিন্তু অর্থের সঙ্গে মিলছে না।

- "heeded" মানে সতর্কবার্তা মানা → যদি সে সতর্কবার্তা মেনে চলত, তবে সমস্যায় পড়ত না, অর্থাৎ avoided হওয়া উচিত।
- তাই "would have fallen" (পড়ে যেত) ব্যবহার করলে logic/ meaning totally বিপরীত হয়ে যায়।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪১৩.
He ___ me while I was reading.
  1. ক) interrupts
  2. খ) had interrupted
  3. গ) interrupted
  4. ঘ) was interrupting
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) interrupted
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) interrupted
ব্যাখ্যা
While দ্বারা দুইটি বাক্যাংশ যুক্ত হলে -
• While এর পূর্বে অংশ টি past indefinite এ হলে, এরপরের অংশে past continuous tense হয় ।
• While যুক্ত অংশটি Past continuous tense হলে অপরটি Past indefinite tense .

সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - interrupted
৪১৪.
Had I known in advance, I ______ enough money.
  1. would take
  2. take
  3. took
  4. would have taken
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have taken
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have taken
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- অনেকসময় conditional-এ subordinate conjunction if এর পরিবর্তে sentence এর শুরুতে Had ব্যবহার করা যায় এবং এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।
- তাই পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Examples:
- Had I seen him, I would have told him the matter.
- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

Complete sentence: Had I known in advance, I would have taken enough money.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪১৫.
If you freeze water, it becomes solid. This sentence is-
  1. First Conditional
  2. Zero Conditional
  3. Third Conditional
  4. Second Conditional
সঠিক উত্তর:
Zero Conditional
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Zero Conditional
ব্যাখ্যা
• If you freeze water, it becomes solid. 
- বাক্যটি zero conditionals এর উদাহরণ। 
- Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).

•একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
৪১৬.
If he had taken the medicine, he ________ better by now.
  1. would felt
  2. have felt
  3. would feel
  4. would have felt
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have felt
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have felt
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।
- তাই পরবর্তী clause এ - would/could/might + have + V3 + extension. ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী এখানে 'would have felt' বসবে।

Correct Sentence: If he had taken the medicine, he would have felt better by now.
৪১৭.
If you heat ice, ______.
  1. it melts
  2. it will melt
  3. it melted
  4. it would melt
সঠিক উত্তর:
it melts
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
it melts
ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক উত্তর হবে - it melts.
- Complete sentence: If you heat ice, it melts.
এটি একটি zero conditional sentence, যা general truth বা scientific fact (সাধারণ সত্য বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য) প্রকাশ করে। এখানে "If + present simple, present simple" structure ব্যবহার হয়।

• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা  Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
- অথবা, If +Present indefinite = Subject + Verb এর present form/ (may/can) + verb এর present form.

• প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য। 
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে Present indefinite tense এ অর্থাৎ it melts.

৪১৮.
If I knew his address, I ___________ him.
  1. would visit
  2. would visited
  3. would have visited
  4. had visited
সঠিক উত্তর:
would visit
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would visit
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,
Correct sentence: If I knew his address, I would visit him.
Bangla: যদি আমি তার ঠিকানা জানতাম, তাহলে আমি তাকে দেখতে যেতাম।
৪১৯.
Choose the correct sentence.
  1. If she had prepared for the interview, she might have gotten the job.
  2. If she had prepared for the interview, she might gotten the job.
  3. If she had prepared for the interview, she might get the job.
  4. If she had prepared for the interview, she will get the job.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If she had prepared for the interview, she might have gotten the job.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If she had prepared for the interview, she might have gotten the job.
ব্যাখ্যা
• The correct sentence: If she had prepared for the interview, she might have gotten the job.

• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3+ extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3+ Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

More Examples:
1. If you had told me about the problem, I could have helped you.
2. If they had saved more money, they could have gone on vacation.
৪২০.
If it rains, we ______ the picnic.
  1. would cancel
  2. will cancel
  3. will be canceled
  4. have cancel
সঠিক উত্তর:
will cancel
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
will cancel
ব্যাখ্যা
প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত Sentenceটি  একটি 1st Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।
• 1st Conditionals sentence এ If যুক্ত clause টি present indefinite tense হলে অন্য clause টি future indefinite tense হবে।
Complete sentence: If it rains, we will cancel the picnic.

Conditional sentence এর structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
৪২১.
If you had started earlier,_______________.
  1. you will catch the bus.
  2. you would catch the bus.
  3. you could catch the bus
  4. you would have caught the bus.
সঠিক উত্তর:
you would have caught the bus.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
you would have caught the bus.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: If you had started earlier, you would have caught the bus.

• প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 3rd Condition এর উদাহরণ।
- Third Conditional এর নিয়ম:
- Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর
 past participle.
- Negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করলে would/could/might + not হয়।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If যুক্ত clause এ had + Verb এর past participle form আছে।
- তাই এই বাক্যে would have + Past Perfect (caught) হবে।

More Examples:
1. If you had told me the truth, I could have helped you.
2. If I had known about the meeting, I would have attended.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪২২.
I could join your party, if I __________.
  1. invited
  2. was invited
  3. had invited
  4. were invited
সঠিক উত্তর:
were invited
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
were invited
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রদত্ত বাক্যের প্রথম clause টি Subject + could + verb এর base form (join) আছে।
- অর্থাৎ এটি একটি secrond conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।
- তাই এরপরের If যুক্ত clause টি হবে -if + simple past (invited)
- 2nd conditional এর নিয়ম অনুসারে শূন্যস্থানে invited বসবে।
-  কিন্তু বাক্যটি passive হওয়ায় were invited হবে।
- Complete Sentence: I could join your party, if I were invited.

• Second Conditional এর structure:
• If + simple past (Verb এর past form/ were/ had) + would/could/might + base form of the verb.
- অর্থাৎ, - If যুক্ত clause টিতে If এরপর verb এর past indefinite or were/had আসলে এরপর subject + would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form ব্যবহৃত হয়।
৪২৩.
Hardly had we reached school ____________.
  1. ক) when the bell rang
  2. খ) then the bell rang
  3. গ) the bell rang
  4. ঘ) after the bell ringing
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) when the bell rang
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) when the bell rang
ব্যাখ্যা
Negative word + Auxiliary verb + Subject + main verb + extension. No sooner had ….. than, scarcely had …….. when, hardly had …….. before এর প্রথম অংশ Past Perfect and Verb এর Past Participle হয় এবং ২য় অংশে Past Indefinite হয়। উল্লেখ্য, no sooner.......than, scarcely......when, hardly........ when আসে- এ বিষয়টি মাথায় রাখতে হবে।
৪২৪.
If you don’t brush your teeth, __________.
  1. ক) you would get cavities
  2. খ) you get cavities
  3. গ) you would have got cavities
  4. ঘ) you got cavities
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) you get cavities
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) you get cavities
ব্যাখ্যা
বাক্যটি একটি Zero Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

Structure of Zero Conditional Sentence:
If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)

তাই এখানে দুটি clause-ই Present indefinite form এ হবে।
অর্থাৎ, শূন্যস্থানে you get cavities হবে।

------------------------
Structure of conditional sentence:

• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)

বা clause গুলোকে উল্টে দিয়েও লিখা যায় -
• 1st Conditional = Future + If + Present.
• 2nd Conditional = Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb) + If + Past Simple. 
• 3rd Conditional = Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3) + If + Past Perfect (had +V3).

If মাঝে থাকলে কোন কমা বসে না, কিন্তু if প্রথমে থাকলে দুইটি clause কে আলাদা করার জন্য মাঝে কমা বসাতে হয়।
৪২৫.
Complete the sentence with the best option. If you had studied hard,
  1. ক) you would succeed in the examination.
  2. খ) you should have succeeded in the examination.
  3. গ) you could succeed in the examination.
  4. ঘ) you would have succeeded in the examination.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) you would have succeeded in the examination.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) you would have succeeded in the examination.
ব্যাখ্যা
- If clause এ যদি had + verb এর past participle form হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + Verb এর past participle form+ extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- এটাকে Third conditional বলা হয়।
- আবার, Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।
- যেহেতু, প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত clause টি if + had + verb এর past participle form এ আছে, তাই নিয়মাযায়ী বাক্যটি সঠিক সম্পূর্ন করতে হলে এরপরের অংশে You would have succeeded in the examination বসাতে হবে। 
- Complete Sentence: If you had studied hard, you would have succeeded in the examination.
৪২৬.
Had she taken the medicine, she ____________ quickly.
  1. would recover
  2. would be recovered
  3. should recover
  4. would have recovered
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have recovered
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have recovered
ব্যাখ্যা

◉ Complete Sentence - Had she taken the medicine, she would have recovered quickly.
(সে যদি ওষুধ খেত, তাহলে তাড়াতাড়ি সেরে যেত।)

Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If-এর পর Past Perfect Tense থাকলে, পরবর্তী Sentenceটিতে Past Perfect Conditional (would have, could have + verb-এর Past Participle form) হয়।
- Structure: If + Past Perfect Tense + Past Perfect Conditional.
আবার, Subject + Past Perfect Conditional থাকলে if + Past Perfect Tense হয়।

উল্লেখ্য, অনেকসময় conditional part -এ if না থাকলে conditional part টি Had দ্বারা শুরু হয়। এটা purely hypothetical situation বোঝায়। 
- যেমন: Had + Sub + V3 + Sub+ would/could/might + have + V3 + Extensions.

Examples: 
- If I had studied harder, I could have gotten better marks.
- The match would have been more exciting if Shakib had played.
- Had I known you were coming, I would have baked a cake.

Source:
1. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Cambridge Dictionary. 

৪২৭.
Choose the correct sentence.
  1. Had they known about the meeting, they would attend.
  2. Had they knowing about the meeting, they would have attended.
  3. Had they known about the meeting, they would have attended.
  4. Had they knew about the meeting, they would have attended.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Had they known about the meeting, they would have attended.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Had they known about the meeting, they would have attended.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct Sentence: Had they known about the meeting, they would have attended.
- Bangla Meaning: তারা যদি সভার বিষয়ে জানত, তাহলে তারা উপস্থিত হত।

• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।
- তাই পরবর্তী clause এ - would/could/might + have + V3 + extension. ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• More Example:
- Had I been a king, I would have helped the poor.
- Had I possessed vast property, I would have established a college.
৪২৮.
If he were more organized, he __________ his work on time.
  1. had finished
  2. finished
  3. would have finished
  4. would finish
সঠিক উত্তর:
would finish
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would finish
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

Complete sentence: If he were more organized, he would finish his work on time.
৪২৯.
If I had remembered the appointment, _________________.
  1. I would has been on time.
  2. I would have be on time.
  3. I would gone on time.
  4. I would have gone on time.
সঠিক উত্তর:
I would have gone on time.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I would have gone on time.
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে -  I would have gone on time.
- Complete Sentenec: If I had remembered the appointment, I would have gone on time.
• বাক্যটি third conditionals এর উদাহরণ।

• Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- If + Past Perfect (had +V3) = Subject + would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle form)

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,  
- এই বাক্যের প্রথম অংশে- If + Past Perfect (had +remembered) রয়েছে।
- তাই পরের clause এ would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle form (gone/been) হবে।
৪৩০.
Fill in the blank of the following sentence with the right form of verb.
If I _____ a lion!
  1. ক) am
  2. খ) was
  3. গ) were
  4. ঘ) shall be
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) were
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) were
ব্যাখ্যা
If যুক্ত Exclamatory Sentence এ subject এর পর যদি be verb আসে তাহলে সেক্ষেত্রে were ব্যবহৃত হয়।
If I were a lion! - আমি যদি সিংহ হতাম!
৪৩১.
Choose the sentence with the third conditional-
  1. If you had driven more carefully, you wouldn't have had an accident.
  2. If you had driven more carefully, you wouldn't have an accident.
  3. If you drove more carefully, you wouldn't have an accident.
  4. If you drove more carefully, you wouldn't have had an accident.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If you had driven more carefully, you wouldn't have had an accident.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If you had driven more carefully, you wouldn't have had an accident.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: If you had driven more carefully, you wouldn't have had an accident.
- এটি একটি third conditional sentence.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 3rd conditional এর উদাহরণ। তাই If যুক্ত Clause টি past Participle form এ হওয়ায় পরবর্তী Clause এ would have+ Verb এর past participle হবে।

• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + Verb এর Past Participle + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- অনেকসময় conditional-এ subordinate conjunction if এর পরিবর্তে sentence এর শুরুতে Had ব্যবহার করা যায় এবং এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- এবং এক্ষেত্রেও, পরবর্তী clause subject এরপর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং এর পরের verbটির past participle form হয়।

Other Options:
খ) If you had driven more carefully, you wouldn't have an accident.
- ভুল কারণ, Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী f যুক্ত Clause টি past Participle Tense এ হওয়ায় পরবর্তী Clause এ would have+ Verb এর past participle হবে।

গ) If you drove more carefully, you wouldn't have an accident.
- ভুল কারণ, Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী f যুক্ত Clause টি past Participle form এ হওয়ায় পরবর্তী Clause এ would have+ Verb এর past participle হবে। এটি 2nd conditional sentence.

ঘ) If you drove more carefully, you wouldn't have had an accident.
- ভুল কারণ, Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী If যুক্ত Clause টি past Participle Tense এর হয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৩২.
If I ____ rich, I would travel around the world.
  1. am
  2. was
  3. were
  4. have been
সঠিক উত্তর:
were
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
were
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - were.
- Complete sentence: If I were rich, I would help the poor.
• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী গঠিত।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- If যুক্ত Sentence এ subject এর পর be verb আসলে সেক্ষেত্রে were ব্যবহৃত হয়।
৪৩৩.
Had she called me, I _________ immediately.
  1. have answered
  2. would have answered
  3. would had answered
  4. would answered
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have answered
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have answered
ব্যাখ্যা

Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: Had she called me, I would have answered immediately.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৩৪.
Choose the correct sentence.
  1. If we had a car, we drive to the mountains.
  2. If we had a car, we would drived to the mountains.
  3. If we had a car, we would drive to the mountains.
  4. If we had a car, we would have drive to the mountains.
  5. none
সঠিক উত্তর:
If we had a car, we would drive to the mountains.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If we had a car, we would drive to the mountains.
ব্যাখ্যা

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,
Correct sentence: If we had a car, we would drive to the mountains.

এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।

অপশনগুলোর বিশ্লেষণ:

ক) If we had a car, we drive to the mountains. → ভুল। Main clause-এ "would" ছাড়া simple present (drive) চলে না। Second conditional-এ "would" দরকার।

খ) If we had a car, we would drived to the mountains. → ভুল। "would" এর পরে base form (drive) হবে, "drived" নয়। (drive-এর past form drove, কিন্তু conditional-এ base form লাগে।)
 
ঘ) If we had a car, we would have drive to the mountains. → ভুল। "would have + past participle" হলো Third Conditional-এর গঠন (অতীতের অবাস্তব কথা), এখানে "drive"ও ভুল (base form হওয়া উচিত driven হতো যদি third হতো)। এটা mixed বা third conditional-এর মতো, কিন্তু প্রশ্নের অর্থ second conditional-এর।

৪৩৫.
If she had taken my advice, she _________ the mistake.
  1. would have avoid
  2. would avoid
  3. would have avoided
  4. have avoided
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have avoided
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have avoided
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Complete Sentence: If she had taken my advice, she would have avoided the mistake.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৩৬.
If ______ for directions, she ______ lost.
  1. she asked, wouldn't have get
  2. she asked, wouldn't got
  3. she had asked, wouldn't gotten
  4. she had asked, wouldn't have gotten
সঠিক উত্তর:
she had asked, wouldn't have gotten
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
she had asked, wouldn't have gotten
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানদ্বয়ে  সঠিক উত্তর - she had asked, wouldn't have gotten
- Complete sentence: If she had asked for directions, she wouldn't have gotten lost.
- Bangla Meaning: সে যদি দিকনির্দেশ জানতে চাইত, তাহলে সে হারিয়ে যেতো না।
• বাক্যটি Third conditional এর ভিত্তিতে সঠিক।

 • 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If-এর পর Past Perfect Tense থাকলে পরবর্তী Sentence টিতে Past Perfect Conditional বসে।
অর্থাৎ, would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form হয়।
Structure: If + Past Perfect Tense + Past Perfect Conditional.
Example: If you had come, I would have gone there.

• অথবা, 
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
- Had I known about the traffic, I would have left earlier.

If he asked for directions, she wouldn't get lost.
৪৩৭.
Had I a lot of money, ______.
  1. ক) I would have established a school
  2. খ) I will establish a school
  3. গ) I would established a school
  4. ঘ) I would establish a school
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) I would establish a school
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) I would establish a school
ব্যাখ্যা
এটা If উহ্যসহ 2nd Conditional Sentence.
এটি মূলত ছিল If I had a lot of money, .......... 
যেখানে had-টাই মূল verb.

অর্থাৎ, প্রথম Clause- Past Indefinite Tense, বিধায় ২য় Clause এ would + Verb0 বসবে।
সুতরাং, সম্পূর্ণ বাক্যটি হবে - 
Had I a lot of money, I would establish a school.
৪৩৮.
If I had known the truth, I ______ differently.
  1. would act
  2. would acted
  3. would have acted
  4. have acted
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have acted
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have acted
ব্যাখ্যা

• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

Complete Sentence: If I had known the truth, I would have acted differently.

এটি একটি 3rd Conditional Sentence, অন্য অপশন গুলো 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী হয়নি তাই বাকি গুলো ভুল।

৪৩৯.
He would ______ arrested if he had tried unfairmeans এখানে শূন্যস্থানে কি বসবে?
  1. be surely
  2. have been
  3. be Police
  4. has been
সঠিক উত্তর:
have been
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
have been
ব্যাখ্যা
• Conditional sentence এ if যুক্ত Clause-টি Past Perfect হলে Main Clause-টি Perfect Conditional হয়। 
- অর্থাৎ, Subject এর সাথে would have/could have/might have এবং Verb এর Past Participle Form হয়। 
- Passive এর বেলায় would have/could have/might have + been বসে।
- এই নিয়মে গঠিত বাক্যগুলোকে third conditional জাতীয় বাক্য বলে।

- তাই শূন্যস্থানে have been বসবে।
- Complete sentence: He would have been arrested if he had tried unfairmeans
৪৪০.
Had it not been for his guidance, we ___ failed.
  1. will have
  2. would
  3. would have
  4. should
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complete Sentence: Had it not been for his guidance, we would have failed.
- Bangla Meaning: যদি তার নির্দেশনা না থাকত, তাহলে আমরা ব্যর্থ হতাম।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি একটি Third Conditional sentence.
- একটি Conditional sentence-এ দু’টি clause থাকে: subordinate clause এবং principal clause।
- Subordinate clause -টি শর্ত বোঝায় এবং principal clause-টি ফলাফল বোঝায়।

• Third conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে) -এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।
- If না থাকলে Condition part টি 'Had' দ্বারা শুরু হয়।

• Structure:  Had + Subject + V3 + Subject + would/could/might + have + V3 + Ext.

• More Examples:
1. Had I been rich, I would have helped her.
2. Had I been in your situation, I would have accepted the offer.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৪৪১.
If they had practiced more, they _______ the match.
  1. might had won
  2. might have win
  3. might have won
  4. might won
সঠিক উত্তর:
might have won
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
might have won
ব্যাখ্যা
Correct sentence: If they had practiced more, they might have won the match.

• Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If- এর পর Past Perfect Tense থাকলে পরবর্তী clause টিতে Past Perfect Conditional বসে।
- অর্থাৎ, would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form হয়।

 আবার,
- অনেকসময় conditional-এ subordinate conjunction if এর পরিবর্তে sentence এর শুরুতে Had ব্যবহার করা যায় এবং এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- এবং এক্ষেত্রেও, পরবর্তী clause subject এরপর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং এর পরের verbটির past participle form হয়।
৪৪২.
Complete the sentence. If she studied harder, she ____ pass the exam.
  1. shall
  2. will
  3. would
  4. may
সঠিক উত্তর:
would
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would
ব্যাখ্যা

• Complete Sentence: If she studied harder, she would pass the exam.

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী গঠিত।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- If যুক্ত Sentence এ subject এর পর be verb আসলে সেক্ষেত্রে were ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Second Conditional:
• If + past indefinite tense + extension, would/could/might + Verb- এর present form.

যেমনঃ
- If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
- If I were you, I would pat your jacket on.
- If I were you, I would take the money.
- If I were a bird, I would fly to you.

Complete sentence: If I were you, I would take the money.

৪৪৩.
If I ______ a bird, I would fly to you.
  1. ক) have been
  2. খ) was
  3. গ) am
  4. ঘ) were
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) were
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) were
ব্যাখ্যা
• Second Conditional:
- If + were + extension, would / could/ might + Verb- এর present form.

Example:
 If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
- If I were you, I would pat your jacket on.
- If I were you, I would take the money.
- If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
- If I were rich, I would help the poor.
৪৪৪.
Report the following sentence in Indirect Speech. She said, ‘I had a horrible experience on the road yesterday.’
  1. ক) She said that she had had a horrible experience on the road the day before.
  2. খ) She said that she had have a horrible experience on the road the day before.
  3. গ) She said that she have had a horrible experience on the road yesterday.
  4. ঘ) She said that she has had a horrible experience on the road yesterday.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) She said that she had had a horrible experience on the road the day before.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) She said that she had had a horrible experience on the road the day before.
ব্যাখ্যা
- যদি Reporting verb-টি  past tense-এ থাকে, তাহলে নিম্নলিখিত পরিবর্তন করতে হয় এবং yesterday থাকলে the day before হবে। 

Direct => Indirect
Present indefinite => Past indefinite
Present continuous => Past continuous
Present perfect => Past perfect
Past indefinite => Past perfect
Past perfect => Past perfect
Past continuous => Past perfect continuous
Future (shall/will) => Future (should/would)

She said that she had had a horrible experience on the road the day before. 
- এখানে past perfect হিসেবে একটি had এসেছে এবং মূল verb এর PP হিসেবে আরেকটি had ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।

Source: Applied English Grammar & Composition by P.C. Das.
৪৪৫.
If she had listened to her instincts, _______________.
  1. she could be pursued her passion instead.
  2. she can be pursued her passion instead.
  3. she would have pursueded her passion instead.
  4. she might have pursued her passion instead.
সঠিক উত্তর:
she might have pursued her passion instead.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
she might have pursued her passion instead.
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - she might have pursued her passion instead.
- Complete sentence: If she had listened to her instincts, she might have pursued her passion instead.
- বাক্যটি Third conditional এর উদাহরণ।
 
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
-যেহেতু প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটির প্রথম অংশে If + past perfect ( had + listened) আছে, তাই এরপরের অংশে = subject + might have + pursued এর ব্যবহার সঠিক।
-----------------------------
 
• একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 
 
• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals
 
• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
- অথবা - Had + sub+ verb এর past participle + Sub+ would/ could/might + have + pp of verb.
৪৪৬.
Had I known about the meeting, I ________ it.
  1. would have attended
  2. would had attended
  3. have attended
  4. would be attende
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have attended
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have attended
ব্যাখ্যা
Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি Clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ Had দিয়ে Clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত Cause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় Clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: Had I known about the meeting, I would have attended it.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪৪৭.
This could have worked, if I ....... been more far sighted.
  1. might
  2. have
  3. had
  4. has
সঠিক উত্তর:
had
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
had
ব্যাখ্যা
Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: This could have worked, if I had been more far-sighted.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪৪৮.
If the students had united earlier, they _______________ the dictatorship from taking hold.
  1. might prevent
  2. may prevent
  3. might have prevented
  4. prevented
সঠিক উত্তর:
might have prevented
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
might have prevented
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complete Sentence: If the students had united earlier, they might have prevented the dictatorship from taking hold.

• Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + subject + past perfect tense দ্বারা কোন Conditional sentence শুরু হলে এর অপর sentence টি তে subject এরপর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং এর পরের verb টির past participle form হয়।
৪৪৯.
If they had invited us, we ____ gone.
  1. will have
  2. would have
  3. had
  4. would
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct Answer: খ) would have.

- This is a third conditional, used to express past regret or unreal past events.
- Structure: If + had + past participle, would have + past participle
- If they had invited us, we would have gone.
- Bangla: যদি তারা আমাদের আমন্ত্রণ জানাতো, তাহলে আমরা যেতাম।

• Other Options:
ক) will have
- Future perfect tense — ভবিষ্যতের ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয়, এখানে অতীতের আফসোস প্রকাশ করা হয়েছে।

গ) had
- শুধু "had gone" হলে অর্থপূর্ণ হতো, কিন্তু এখানে "would have" structure দরকার।

ঘ) would
- অসম্পূর্ণ structure — "would have gone" না লিখলে অর্থ স্পষ্ট নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৪৫০.
Choose the correct one.
  1. If the team won the match, they would have qualify for the finals.
  2. If the team won the match, they will qualify for the finals.
  3. If the team wins the match, they would qualify for the finals.
  4. If the team wins the match, they will qualify for the finals.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If the team wins the match, they will qualify for the finals.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If the team wins the match, they will qualify for the finals.
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যটি একটি 1st Conditionals sentence এর উদাহরণ।
- একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত,
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

•  1st Conditional = If + Present + Future.
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে - If the team wins the match, they will qualify for the finals.

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals,
2. The First Conditionals,
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals.

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future.
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb).
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3).
- অথবা - Had + sub+ verb এর past participle + Sub+ would/ could/might + have + pp of verb.
৪৫১.
Had we known the truth, we ________ you.
  1. would helped
  2. would have helped
  3. would help
  4. have helped
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have helped
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have helped
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Complete Sentence: Had we known the truth, we would have helped you.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৫২.
Had they chosen a different route, they __________ the traffic jam.
  1. could avoid
  2. would avoid
  3. could have avoid
  4. might have avoided
সঠিক উত্তর:
might have avoided
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
might have avoided
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - might have avoided.
- Complete Sentence: Had they chosen a different route, they might have avoided the traffic jam.

• Had + subject + verb এর past participle থাকলে, এরপর would/could/might + have + verb এর past participle form ব্যবহৃত হয় ।
- Structure: Had + subject + verb এর past participle +would have + past participle.
- এই নিয়মানুযায়ী গঠিত বাক্যগুলো 3rd Conditional sentence হিসেবে পরিচিত।

• একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
৪৫৩.
If water reaches 100°C, it ____.
  1. boils
  2. will boil
  3. would boil
  4. boiled
সঠিক উত্তর:
boils
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
boils
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct Answer: ক) boils.

• Complete Sentence: If water reaches 100°C, it boils.
- This is a zero conditional sentence, used for universal truths or scientific facts.
- Structure: If + Present Simple, Present Simple
- If water reaches 100°C, it boils.
- Bangla: যদি পানি ১০০°সে তাপমাত্রায় পৌঁছায়, তবে তা ফুটে উঠে।

Other Options:
খ) will boil
- এটি First Conditional structure - ভবিষ্যতের সম্ভাবনা বোঝায়, যা এখানে প্রযোজ্য নয়।

গ) would boil
- এটি Second Conditional - কল্পনাপ্রসূত অবস্থা বোঝায়, কিন্তু এটি বাস্তব বিজ্ঞানভিত্তিক সত্য।

ঘ) boiled
- Past tense - এখানে বর্তমানের সাধারণ সত্য বলা হয়েছে, তাই ভুল।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৪৫৪.
If the weather ______ improved, we could have gone for a walk.
  1. ক) has
  2. খ) were
  3. গ) had
  4. ঘ) have
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) had
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) had
ব্যাখ্যা
• যদি Had/ If যুক্ত clause টি Past perfect tense হয় তাহলে পরের clauseটি তে subject এর পর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং এরপর verb এর Past participle form হয়।
Example:
If the weather had improved, we could have gone for a walk.
If I had tried, I would have passed.

Source:
1. Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
2. Cambridge Dictionary.
৪৫৫.
If the temperature drops below freezing, _________
  1. water freeze.
  2. water will freezes.
  3. water will freeze.
  4. water freezes.
  5. water would freeze.
সঠিক উত্তর:
water freezes.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
water freezes.
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - water freezes.
- Complete sentenec: If the temperature drops below freezing, water freezes.
• বাক্যটি zero conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী গঠিত হয়েছে।

• একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল।

• Zero or First conditional
• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
• Zero Conditional - If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
• First conditional - If + Present + Futur indefinite
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।

-  চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি একটি বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য।
- তাই এই ক্ষেত্রে Present Indefinite zero conditionals হবে।
৪৫৬.
Don't make a noise while your father-
  1. ক) is being asleep
  2. খ) is sleeping
  3. গ) asleep
  4. ঘ) has slept
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) is sleeping
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) is sleeping
ব্যাখ্যা
While conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত দুইটি sentence এর আগের অংশ present indifinite tense এ হলে পরবর্তী অংশ present continuous tense এ হয়।
সুতরাং সঠিক উত্তর - খ) is sleeping
৪৫৭.
If it had rained, you __________ wet.
  1. ক) will get
  2. খ) would got
  3. গ) would have gotten
  4. ঘ) would have got
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) would have gotten
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) would have gotten
ব্যাখ্যা
Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + subject + past perfect tense দ্বারা কোন Conditional sentence শুরু হলে এর অপর sentence টি তে  subject এরপর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং এর পরের verb টির past participle form হয়।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would have gotten.
- Complete Sentence: If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
৪৫৮.
Identify the correct sentence.
  1. If I had a magic wand, I would have solved all the world’s problems.
  2. If I had a magic wand, I would solve all the world’s problems.
  3. If I had a magic wand, I would solved all the world’s problems.
  4. If I had a magic wand, I had solve all the world’s problems.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If I had a magic wand, I would solve all the world’s problems.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If I had a magic wand, I would solve all the world’s problems.
ব্যাখ্যা

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,
Correct sentence: If I had a magic wand, I would solve all the world’s problems.

এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।

Other options,
ক) If I had a magic wand, I would have solved all the world’s problems.
- এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে, এটি 3rd conditional নয় 2nd conditional sentence এর structure follow করবে। 

গ) If I had a magic wand, I would solved all the world’s problems.
- ভুল, কারণ after “would” আমরা base verb ব্যবহার করি, “solved” নয়।

ঘ) If I had a magic wand, I had solve all the world’s problems.
- ভুল grammar, “had solve” সম্ভব নয়।

৪৫৯.
If you studied harder, you ___________ better grades.
  1. are getting
  2. would have got
  3. get
  4. would get
সঠিক উত্তর:
would get
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would get
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would get.
- Complete sentence: If you studied harder, you would get better grades.

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- সাধারণত If যুক্ত Sentence এ subject এর পর be verb আসলে সেক্ষেত্রে were ব্যবহৃত হয়।

More Examples:
1. If they didn't have such busy schedules, they would volunteer at the local animal shelter every weekend.
2. If she weren't allergic to cats, she would adopt that adorable kitten from the animal shelter.
৪৬০.
Fill up the blank: If I were you, I ______ accept his apology.
  1. ক) will
  2. খ) had been
  3. গ) would
  4. ঘ) shall
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) would
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) would
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর- would.

• If যুক্ত sentence এর প্রথম অংশ past indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশে subject এরপর would/could + verb এর present from হবে।
- If + were + extension, sub + would/could/might + Verb- এর present form.
Example:
 - If I were you, I would accept his apology.
- If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
- If I were you, I would take the money.

Source: Cambridge Dictionary.
৪৬১.
If I had been a canditate, Mamdani _________ won.
  1. will have 
  2. wouldn't have
  3. may have
  4. haven't
সঠিক উত্তর:
wouldn't have
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
wouldn't have
ব্যাখ্যা

• Complete Sentence: If I had been a canditate, Mamdani wouldn't have won won.
- Bangla Meaning: যদি আমি প্রার্থী হতাম, মামদানি জিততে পারত না।
 
• Third conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে)-এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।
- এখানে, If যুক্ত clause-এ  had been হওয়ায়, Principal clause-এ wouldn't have হবে। 

• Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle.
- Negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করলে would/could/might + not হয়।

• Note: 'If' clause -টি sentence -এর শুরুতে বা শেষে বসতে পারে।

• More Examples:
1. If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.
2. If he had not supported me, I would have given up.

৪৬২.
If she finishes her work early, she ____________ us for dinner.
  1. joined
  2. joins
  3. would join
  4. will join
সঠিক উত্তর:
will join
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
will join
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যটি একটি 1st Conditionals sentence এর উদাহরণ।
- একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত,
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future.
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে - If she finishes her work early, she will join us for dinner.
Bangla: যদি সে তার কাজ তাড়াতাড়ি শেষ করে, সে আমাদের সঙ্গে রাতের খাবারে যোগ দেবে।

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals,
2. The First Conditionals,
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals.

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future.
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb).
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3).
- অথবা - Had + sub+ verb এর past participle + Sub+ would/ could/might + have + pp of verb.
৪৬৩.
Choose the word or phrase that best fill the blank space to complete the sentences: 
If a ruby is heated it ___ temporarily lose its color.
  1. would
  2. will
  3. does
  4. has
সঠিক উত্তর:
will
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
will
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে - will
- Complete Sentence: If a ruby is heated it will temporarily lose its color.
Bangla Meaning: যদি একটি রুবিতে তাপ প্রয়োগ করা হয়, তবে এটি অস্থায়ীভাবে তার রং হারিয়ে ফেলবে।। 

• Structure:  If + Present Indefinite + Future Indefinite. 
- বাক্যটি 1st Conditional-এর উদাহরণ।1st conditional এ first clause টি present indefinite tense হলে অপর clause টি future indefinite tense হবে।
তাই, বাক্যের শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক শব্দ হিসেবে will বসবে।
৪৬৪.
If she had more time, she ______ Golden Gate Park’s museums and gardens.
  1. would explored
  2. had explored
  3. would have explored
  4. would explore
সঠিক উত্তর:
would explore
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would explore
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,
Correct sentence: If she had more time, she would explore Golden Gate Park’s museums and gardens.
৪৬৫.
If I knew the answer, I ______ tell you.
  1. will
  2. would
  3. have been
  4. been
সঠিক উত্তর:
would
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - খ) would
The complete sentence - If I knew the answer, I would tell you.

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- If যুক্ত Sentence এ subject এর পর be verb আসলে সেক্ষেত্রে were ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Second Conditional:
If + were + extension, would/could/might + Verb- এর present form.
যেমনঃ
- If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
- If I were you, I would pat your jacket on.
- If I were you, I would take the money.
- If I were a bird, I would fly to you.

Other options
ক) will - "will" হয় একটি ভবিষ্যৎ কাল সংক্রান্ত শব্দ যা বাস্তবসম্মত সম্ভাবনা বা ভবিষ্যতে সত্য ঘটনা বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। কিন্তু "If I knew" হচ্ছে অতীত কাল, যা একটি কাল্পনিক বা অসম্ভব পরিস্থিতি নির্দেশ করে, তাই wouldn’t বা would হবে।
গ) have been - শর্তবাচক বাক্যে (conditional sentence) এর অর্থ এবং গঠন এখানে প্রযোজ্য নয়।
ঘ) been - "been" শব্দটি past participle এবং এটি সরাসরি ব্যবহৃত হয় না এখানে, কারণ বাক্যের মূল কাঠামো হচ্ছে "would + verb (base form)" কিন্তু "been" মূল verb নয় এখানে। তাই যথাযথ নয়।

৪৬৬.
If you don’t leave soon, you______ the train.
  1. ক) missed
  2. খ) will miss
  3. গ) have missed
  4. ঘ) has missed
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) will miss
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) will miss
ব্যাখ্যা
- First Conditional এ সাধারণত if clause টিতে present simple tense এবং তারপরের clause টিতে future simple clause থাকে।
- এই রকম conditional সাধারণত ভবিষ্যতে হতে পারে এমনকিছু বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয় কিন্তু পুরোপুরি নিশ্চিত নয়। এটা সম্ভাব্য ঘটনা বর্ণনা করে।

- Structure:
if + present + future (Imperative). 
- Example:
If you don’t leave soon, you’ll miss the train.
৪৬৭.
Had she arrived earlier, she _________ (meet) him.
  1. would have meet
  2. have met
  3. would have met
  4. would met
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have met
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have met
ব্যাখ্যা

Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: Had she arrived earlier, she would have met him.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৬৮.
If he studied regularly, he ____ good marks.
  1. will get
  2. would get
  3. gets
  4. got
সঠিক উত্তর:
would get
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would get
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct Answer: would get.

- বাক্যটি একটি Second Conditional sentence, যা ভবিষ্যতের কাল্পনিক বা অসম্ভব ঘটনার কথা বলে।
- Second Conditional-এ “if” clause সাধারণত Past Simple (studied) হয়।
- Main clause-এ “would + base verb” ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- তাই সঠিক বাক্য হবে: If he studied regularly, he would get good marks.
- বাকী অপশনগুলো এই শর্তানুযায়ী মিলছে না।

Other Options :
ক) will get: First Conditional-এর জন্য, “if” clause Present Simple হয়।

গ) gets: Present Simple, যা এখানে শর্তানুযায়ী ভুল।

ঘ) got: Past Simple, কিন্তু মূল clause-এ “would” দরকার।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৪৬৯.
If the government believed it could silence the revolution through genocide, the resistance _________ only grow stronger.
  1. will
  2. can
  3. would
  4. None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর:
would
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would.
- Complete sentence: If the government believed it could silence the revolution through genocide, the resistance would only grow stronger.

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- সাধারণত If যুক্ত Sentence এ subject এর পর be verb আসলে সেক্ষেত্রে were ব্যবহৃত হয়।

More Examples:
1. If they didn't have such busy schedules, they would volunteer at the local animal shelter every weekend.
2. If she weren't allergic to cats, she would adopt that adorable kitten from the animal shelter.
৪৭০.
Complete the sentence.
If you buy one platter, you _____ the second one free.
  1. got
  2. would get
  3. get
  4. will have got
সঠিক উত্তর:
get
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
get
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complete sentence: If you buy one platter, you get the second one free.
- Bangla Meaning: যদি আপনি একটি প্ল্যাটার (কোশন) কিনেন, তাহলে দ্বিতীয়টি বিনামূল্যে পাবেন।

- উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি conditional sentence (Zero conditional) -এর উদাহরণ।
- একটি conditional sentence-এ দুটি অংশ থাকে। 
1. Condition বা শর্ত, 
2. Consequence বা ফলাফল।

• Zero conditional
- If যুক্ত sentence -এর দুইটি clause -ই present indefinite tense অথবা past indefinite tense হলে সেটি Zero conditional.
- এক্ষত্রে, দুইটি clause -এর বিষয়ই সত্য হয়ে থাকে।

• Structure: If + Present indefinite + Present indefinite (shows scientific and general truth).
- অথবা If + past indefinite + past indefinite.

• চার প্রকার Conditionals রয়েছে:
1. The Zero Conditional
2. The First Conditional
3. The Second Conditional and
4. The Third Conditional
৪৭১.
Choose the correct sentence.
  1. If they had more experience, they would get the job easily.
  2. If they had more experience, they would have get the job easily.
  3. If they had more experience, they would have got the job easily.
  4. If they had had more experience, they would get the job easily.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If they had more experience, they would get the job easily.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If they had more experience, they would get the job easily.
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

Complete sentence: If they had more experience, they would get the job easily.

• এখানে had, main verb হিসেবে বসেছে। সেই হিসেবে অন্য অপশন গুলো ভুল।
৪৭২.
If the weather is bad, ____________.
  1. the event will postpone.
  2. the event will be postponed.
  3. the event would postpone.
  4. the event would have postponed.
সঠিক উত্তর:
the event will be postponed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
the event will be postponed.
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - the event will be postponed.
- Complete sentence: If the weather is bad, the event will be postponed.
•  বাক্যটি একটি First conditional এর উদাহরণ।

• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা  Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

• প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা, তাই If + present + future হবে।
- আর meeting নিজে নিজে cancle হতে পারে না, কারো দ্বারা cancel হয়।
- সে কারণে passive অর্থাৎ, will be হবে।
৪৭৩.
If water is heated, it ___________
  1. it would vapours
  2. would vapour
  3. vapours
  4. vapour
সঠিক উত্তর:
vapours
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
vapours
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে - vapours.
- Complete Sentence: If water is heated, it vapours.
Bangla Meaning: তাপ প্রয়োগে পানি বাষ্পে পরিণত হয়। 

• Structure:  If Present Indefinite + Present Indefinite. 
- Universal Truth (চিরন্তন সত্য), Habitual Fact (অভ্যাসগত সত্য), Scientific Result (বৈজ্ঞানিক ফলাফল), অর্থ প্রকাশ করলে Zero Conditional হয়।
- অর্থাৎ If-এর পর দুটি বাক্যই Present Indefinite Tense হয়।
৪৭৪.
If he _______ (work) harder, he _______ (pass) the exam.
  1. worked, will pass
  2. works, would pass
  3. had worked, would have passed
  4. was working, will have passed
সঠিক উত্তর:
had worked, would have passed
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
had worked, would have passed
ব্যাখ্যা

Complete Sentence: If he had worked harder, he would have passed the exam.
- Sentence টি Third Conditional এর নিয়ম অনুসারে গঠিত হয়েছে। 

Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৭৫.
Complete the sentence:
If he had taken the umbrella, ___________________.
  1. he wouldn't has gotten wet in the rain.
  2. he won't have got wet in the rain.
  3. he wouldn't have got wet in the rain.
  4. he wouldn't have gotten wet in the rain
সঠিক উত্তর:
he wouldn't have got wet in the rain.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
he wouldn't have got wet in the rain.
ব্যাখ্যা

American English এ ‘get’ verb এর past participle হলো 'gotten', আর British English এ - 'got'.

সুতরাং, British English অনুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হলো:
গ) he wouldn't have got wet in the rain।

অন্যদিকে, American English অনুযায়ী সঠিক হবে:
ঘ) he wouldn't have gotten wet in the rain।

যেহেতু বাংলাদেশে সাধারণত British English ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো- 
গ) he wouldn't have got wet in the rain.

• If যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect tense এ থাকলে অপর clause টির Subject এর পরে might have/ would have / could have বসে এবং verb টির Past Pasrticiple হয়।
- Structure: If + Past Perfect tense + Perfect Conditional (would/could/might + have + V3).

Examples:
- If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.
- If she had told me earlier, I would have been able to help her.
- If they had listened to the weather forecast, they wouldn't have gone hiking in the storm.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৭৬.
If I hadn't called him last night, __________.
  1. ক) I wouldn't to have known
  2. খ) I wouldn't have to know
  3. গ) I wouldn't have known
  4. ঘ) I wouldn't have knowing
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) I wouldn't have known
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) I wouldn't have known
ব্যাখ্যা
• উক্ত বাক্যটি 3rd Conditional যার structure হলো:
» If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3).
» তাই, সঠিক উত্তর: I wouldn't have known.

• একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
1. Condition বা শর্ত
2. Consequence বা ফলাফল।

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
» Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
» 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
» 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
» If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
৪৭৭.
If you water the plants regularly, they ____________.
  1. would have thrived
  2. had thrived
  3. would thrive
  4. will thrive
সঠিক উত্তর:
will thrive
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
will thrive
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete Sentence: If you water the plants regularly, they will thrive.

- প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি একটি 1st Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।
- বাক্যটি 1st Conditional হওয়ায় পরের অংশ Future tense এ হয়েছে।
- তাই শূন্যস্থানে will thrive হবে।

1st Conditionals sentence এর সাধারণ structure হলো:
- If + present simple, will/won't + verb. 

Example Sentence:
1. If you study hard, you will succeed in the exam.
2. If you finish your work on time, you will have more free time.
৪৭৮.
If I won the lottery, _________.
  1. I will travel around the world
  2. I will be travel around the world
  3. I would travel around the world
  4. I would have travelled around the world
সঠিক উত্তর:
I would travel around the world
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I would travel around the world
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - I would travel around the world.
- Complete sentence: If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
- প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যে If যুক্ত clause টি If +past indefinite (won) এসেছে, তাই পরের clause এ would + travel বসবে।
----------------------
- একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 
 
• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals
 
• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
৪৭৯.
If the government had implemented stricter anti-corruption laws years ago, many public officials like Motiur ______________ from engaging in illegal activities, significantly reducing the level of corruption in the country.
  1. would have been detered
  2. would have been deterred
  3. would deter
  4. will deter
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have been deterred
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have been deterred
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would have been deterred.
• Complete sentence: If the government had implemented stricter anti-corruption laws years ago, many public officials like Motiur would have been deterred from engaging in illegal activities, significantly reducing the level of corruption in the country.

• বাক্যটি মূলত perfect conditional/3rd conditional এর উদাহরণ।
• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,

- If-এর পর Past Perfect Tense থাকলে পরবর্তী Sentence টিতে Past Perfect Conditional বসে।
- অর্থাৎ, would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form হয়।

• Structure: If + Past Perfect Tense (had + verb এর past participle form) + would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form.
- আর যদি বাক্যটি passive sense প্রকাশ করে তবে - If + had been + Verb এর past participle form হয়।
Example:
- If you had come, I would have gone there.
- What would have happened if the train had been missed?

• deter (verb)
Bangla Meaning: নিরুৎসাহিত করা; বাধা দেওয়া।
- deter এর past participle form deterred.
৪৮০.
If it rains tomorrow, we ____ the picnic.
  1. would cancel
  2. cancels
  3. would have canceled
  4. will cancel
সঠিক উত্তর:
will cancel
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
will cancel
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ঘ) will cancel.
- Complete Sentence: If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.

- 1st Conditional : If + Present Indefinite + Future Indefinite.
- First Conditional is used for real future possibility.
- এখানে "If it rains (Present Indefinite), we will cancel (Future Indefinite)"- এটি First Conditional.
- বাক্যের প্রথম অংশে present indefinite অংশ রয়েছে, তাই পরবর্তী অংশে 1st conditional এর নিয়ম অনুসারে future indefinite হবে। 

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৪৮১.
Complete the sentence: If you had come to the class regularly, ________.
  1. you would pass the exam.
  2. you would have passed the exam.
  3. you would passed the exam.
  4. you would had passed the exam.
সঠিক উত্তর:
you would have passed the exam.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
you would have passed the exam.
ব্যাখ্যা

Complete sentence: If you had come to the class regularly, you would have passed the exam.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 3rd conditional এর উদাহরণ। তাই If যুক্ত Clause টি past Participle form এ হওয়ায় পরবর্তী Clause এ would have+   Verb এর past participle হবে।

3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V₃) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + Verb এর Past Participle + extension   ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + Verb এর Past Participle+ Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলেও সেটি 3rd   conditional হয়।

Source: A Passage To The English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৪৮২.
If they had invited me, I ______ the party.
  1. attended
  2. have attended
  3. would have attended
  4. would had attended
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have attended
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have attended
ব্যাখ্যা
Third Conditional Sentence এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- ১ম clause টি শুরু হবে If দিয়ে। 
- তারপর Subject বসে।
Past Perfect Tense হয়।
- ২য় clause এ Sub এরপর would have/ could have/ might have বসে।
- Verb এর Past Perticiple form হয়। 

Note: অনেক সময় Suborddinate Conjunction এ If এর পরিবর্তে Had দ্বারা sentence শুরু হয়।

Complete Sentence: If they had invited me, I would have attended the party.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪৮৩.
Which of the following sentences is correct?
  1. If salt dissolve in water, it will form a solution.
  2. If salt dissolved in water, it formed a solution.
  3. If salt dissolves in water, it forms a solution.
  4. If salt would dissolved in water, it form a solution.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If salt dissolves in water, it forms a solution.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If salt dissolves in water, it forms a solution.
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর হবে - If salt dissolves in water, it forms a solution.
- Bangla Meaning: লবণ পানিতে দ্রবীভূত হলে এটি একটি দ্রবণ তৈরি করে।

• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা  Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
- অথবা, If +Present indefinite = Subject + Verb এর present form/ (may/can) + verb এর present form.

• প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য। 
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে Present indefinite tense এ অর্থাৎ If salt dissolves in water, it forms a solution (If + Present dissoloves + Present forms)
-------------------------
• একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
- Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
- 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
- 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
- 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
৪৮৪.
I’ll come and give a hand if you _____ help moving your stuff.
  1. ক) is needed
  2. খ) need
  3. গ) needs
  4. ঘ) have needed
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) need
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) need
ব্যাখ্যা
• First conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If + present indefinite + comma + future indefinite. 
- If যুক্ত clause টি future indefinite tense এ থাকলে এর পরের অংশে present indefinite হবে।
সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর -is.
Example:
I’ll come and give a hand if you _____ help moving your stuff.
The plane will take off if there is no fog.

Source:
1. Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
2. Cambridge Dictionary.
৪৮৫.
If she had more free time, she _______ to cook Italian food.
  1. would learned
  2. have learned
  3. would have learned
  4. would learn
সঠিক উত্তর:
would learn
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would learn
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete sentence: If she had more free time, she would learn to cook Italian food.

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।
৪৮৬.
If I _____ a car, I _____ you to the station. Complete the sentence -
  1. had, drive
  2. had, will drive
  3. had, would drive
  4. had, would have driven
সঠিক উত্তর:
had, would drive
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
had, would drive
ব্যাখ্যা
If I had a car, I would drive you to the station.

• বাক্যটি একটি 2nd Conditionals sentence এর উদাহরণ।

Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর would drive.

• Complete Sentence: If I had a car, I would drive you to the station.
- Bangla Meaning: যদি আমার একটি গাড়ি থাকত, আমি তোমাকে স্টেশনে নিয়ে যেতাম।

Source:
1. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৪৮৭.
Fill in the gap. If I had known about the seminar, I _____ it. 
  1. would attend
  2. might attend
  3. would have attended
  4. none
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have attended
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have attended
ব্যাখ্যা

Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি Clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ Had দিয়ে Clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত Cause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় Clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: If I had known about the seminar, I would have attended it.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৮৮.
This could have worked if I ______ more judicious in selecting the right strategy.
  1. might had been
  2. would been
  3. had been
  4. would be
সঠিক উত্তর:
had been
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
had been
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - had been.
- Complete sentence: This could have worked if I had been more judicious in selecting the right strategy.

 • প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি third conditional এ আছে।
 • Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- Principal clause এ would have/could have/might have + verb এর past participle থাকলে if clause টি past perfect হয়।
- structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3).
৪৮৯.
If they would have followed the instructions carefully, they would not have made that mistake.
Correct the sentence.
  1. would have followed
  2. would follow
  3. follow
  4. had followed
সঠিক উত্তর:
had followed
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
had followed
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct sentence: If they had followed the instructions carefully, they would not have made that mistake.
- Bangla Meaning: যদি তারা সতর্কতার সাথে নির্দেশনাগুলি অনুসরণ করত, তাহলে তারা সেই ভুলটি করত না।

• Explanation:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence টি Third Conditional sentence -এর উদাহরণ। কারণ বাক্যটির main clause -এ Third Conditional -এর নির্দেশক 'would not have made' রয়েছে।
- Third conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে) -এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী, If clause -এ had + verb -এর past participal থাকতে হবে।

• Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle + ext.

• সুতরাং, সঠিক উত্তর হলো- ঘ) had followed.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৪৯০.
Had we studied harder, we ________ better grades in the exam.
  1. get
  2. had got
  3. would had got
  4. would have got
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have got
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have got
ব্যাখ্যা

Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি Clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ Had দিয়ে Clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত Cause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় Clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: Had we studied harder, we would have got better grades in the exam.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৯১.
Had Margaret realised she would be travelling alone, she ____________.
  1. ক) would never had agreed to go
  2. খ) would never agreed to go
  3. গ) would never be agreed to go
  4. ঘ) would never have agreed to go
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) would never have agreed to go
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) would never have agreed to go
ব্যাখ্যা
• Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional:
- ১ম অংশে Had + sub + V3 এবং পরের অংশে sub + would have/could have/might have + V3 + extension.
Example:
1. Had Margaret realised she would be travelling alone, she would never have agreed to go.
2. Had I known you were waiting outside, I would have invited you to come in.

Source: Cambridge Dictionary Grammar.
৪৯২.
Had I owned the house, I ................. you to stay here.
  1. ক) would allow
  2. খ) would be allowed
  3. গ) would have allowed
  4. ঘ) would allowed
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) would have allowed
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) would have allowed
ব্যাখ্যা
Had I owned the house মূলত ছিল – If I had owned the house, অর্থাৎ বাক্যটা 3rd Conditional হবে। 

3rd Conditional এ If যুক্ত Clause - Past Perfect Tense হয়, আর মূল Clause এর গঠন হয় : Subject + would/could/might + have + Verb এর Past Participle.
এ হিসেবে সঠিক উত্তর (গ)।
৪৯৩.
Complete the sentence. If I were you, I ____ take the money.
  1. shall
  2. will
  3. would
  4. may
সঠিক উত্তর:
would
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী গঠিত।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- If যুক্ত Sentence এ subject এর পর be verb আসলে সেক্ষেত্রে were ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Second Conditional:
• If + were + extension, would/could/might + Verb- এর present form.

যেমনঃ
- If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
- If I were you, I would pat your jacket on.
- If I were you, I would take the money.
- If I were a bird, I would fly to you.

Complete sentence: If I were you, I would take the money.
৪৯৪.
If you had asked, I ________ you with your homework.
  1. would have helped
  2. have helped
  3. would help
  4. helped
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have helped
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
would have helped
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত Sentence টি একটি 3rd Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- অনেকসময় conditional-এ subordinate conjunction if এর পরিবর্তে sentence এর শুরুতে Had ব্যবহার করা যায় এবং এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।
- তাই পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Complete sentence: If you had asked, I would have helped you with your homework.
৪৯৫.
If you had read the book I mentioned, ______.
  1. ক) you would not make the mistake
  2. খ) you would not have made the mistake
  3. গ) you would not made the mistake
  4. ঘ) you would not be made the mistake
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) you would not have made the mistake
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) you would not have made the mistake
ব্যাখ্যা
বাক্যটি 3rd Conditional হবে, কারণ If + Sub + had + PP আছে। (আর I mentioned মূলত Book এর Adjective Clause হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত। এটা Conditional Sentence এর অংশ নয়।)

তাই ২য় অংশটি হবে- Sub + would/could/might + have + Past Participle of the verb

-----------------------
Structure of conditional sentence:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
৪৯৬.
If we lived near the beach, _____
  1. we would gone swimming every day.
  2. we would go swimming every day.
  3. we would have gone swimming every day.
  4. we will go swimming every day.
সঠিক উত্তর:
we would go swimming every day.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
we would go swimming every day.
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - we would go swimming every day.
- Correct sentence: If we lived near the beach, we would go swimming every day.

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি একটি second conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।
• Second Conditional এর structure: 
→ If + simple past (Verb এর past form/were/had) + would/could/might + base form of the verb.
→ অর্থাৎ, If যুক্ত clause টিতে If এরপর verb এর past indefinite or were/had আসলে এরপর subject + would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• More Examples of second conditional sentences:
1. If she knew how to cook, she would make dinner for us.
2. If they studied harder, they would pass the exam.
3. If I were you, I would take that job.
৪৯৭.
I wouldn’t fret too much if I were you.
  1. I would you
  2. I had been you
  3. I would be you
  4. No improvement
সঠিক উত্তর:
No improvement
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
No improvement
ব্যাখ্যা
• The sentence: "I wouldn’t fret too much if I were you." - is correct.
- It needs no improvement.
- fret শব্দের অর্থ - অস্থির হওয়া বা করা; ছটফট করা; মেজাজ বিগড়ানো বা খিঁচড়ানো; বিক্ষুব্ধ হওয়া বা করা; পীড়া দেওয়া।

• Second Conditionals এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If যুক্ত clause টিতে Past Simple tense থাকলে, অপর clause টি Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb) হয়।
- Structure: If + past simple >> + would + infinitive.

Examples:
- If we had a garden, we could have a cat.
- If I won a lot of money, I'd buy a big house in the country.
- I wouldn't worry if I were you.

- উল্লেখ্য, If এর পর যদি be verb থাকে, তাহলে 'were' ব্যবহার করা Grammatically correct.
৪৯৮.
Identify the correct sentence.
  1. If you mix sugar with water, it will dissolves.
  2. If you mix sugar with water, it will dissolve.
  3. If you mix sugar with water, it dissolves.
  4. If you mixed sugar with water, it dissolves.
  5. If you will mix sugar with water, it dissolves.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If you mix sugar with water, it dissolves.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If you mix sugar with water, it dissolves.
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - If you mix sugar with water, it dissolves.
- বাক্যটি একটি Zero conditional এর উদাহরণ।

• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

• প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য, তাই If + present + present হবে।
৪৯৯.
Choose the correct replacement of the underlined portion of the sentence. Had it not been for your help, i would has been in danger.
  1. ক) would be
  2. খ) was
  3. গ) would have been
  4. ঘ) no replacement needed
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) would have been
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) would have been
ব্যাখ্যা
• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- Had + Subject + verb এর past participle form হলে এরপরের অংশে Subject + would/could/might + have + verb এর past participle form + ext হয়। 
- যেহেতু প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় অংশে Had it not been for your help আছে, তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী ' i would has been' এর correct replacement হবে - 'would have been'
- বাক্যটি গঠন গত দিক থেকে শুদ্ধ হলেও 'have' এর স্থলে has ছিল।
- সম্পুর্ন বাক্য -Had it not been for your help, i would has been in danger.
৫০০.
If I had known you were coming,  _____.
  1. I would prepare your favorite dish.
  2. I had prepared your favorite dish.
  3. I would be preparing your favorite dish.
  4. I would have prepared your favorite dish.
সঠিক উত্তর:
I would have prepared your favorite dish.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I would have prepared your favorite dish.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Complete Sentence: If I had known you were coming, I would have prepared your favorite dish.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - I would have prepared your favorite dish.
- Complete Sentence: If I had known you were coming, I would have prepared your favorite dish.
- If + Sub + Present perfect = 3rd conditional.
- যেহেতু sentence টি 3rd conditional -
- তাই এর ২য় clause এ - Sub + would/could/might + have + verb এর past participle + extension হবে।
- Structure: If + Sub + Present perfect + Sub + would/could/might + have + verb
এর past participle + extension.

Other options:
ক) I would prepare your favorite dish.
→ This is a second conditional (present/future unreal), not suitable here.

খ) I had prepared your favorite dish.
→ Incorrect tense and missing the conditional auxiliary "would".

গ) I would be preparing your favorite dish.
→ This is a conditional continuous tense, less appropriate here.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.