১.
Digestion of proteins starts in
ব্যাখ্যা
Digestion of proteins does not occur in mouth, since saliva does not contain any proteolytic enzymes. So, the digestion of proteins starts only in stomach
PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন
Gastrointestinal Physiology
Gastrointestinal Physiology
PrepBank · পাতা ১ / ১ · ১–৪৫ / ৪৫
২.
Which gut hormone causes relaxation of sphincter of Oddi?
ব্যাখ্যা
CCK causes contraction of gallbladder & relaxation of sphincter of Oddi.
৩.
Sympathetic innervation causes constriction of
৪.
Lactase enzyme is derived from
৫.
Sucrase enzyme is derived from
৬.
Pepsinogen is activated by
ব্যাখ্যা
Pepsin is secreted as inactive pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by hydrochloric acid. Optimum pH for activation of pepsinogen is below 6.
৭.
Secretion from which part of GIT lacks digestive enzyme
৮.
Absence of intrinsic factor of castle may lead to
ব্যাখ্যা
Intrinsic factor of Castle, secreted by parietal cells of gastric glands plays an important role in erythropoiesis. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 (which is called extrinsic factor) from GI tract into the blood. Vitamin B12 is an important maturation factor during erythropoiesis. Absence of intrinsic factor in gastric juice causes deficiency of vitamin B12, leading to pernicious anaemia.
৯.
Large intestine secretion is devoid of
১০.
You are told by your registrar that one of your inpatients has been diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Your registrar suspects that the patient may have an associated condition. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with which of the following diseases?
ব্যাখ্যা
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
28 D Eighty to 100 per cent of patients with PSC will have ulcerative colitis (D). On the other hand, 3 per cent of patients with ulcerative colitis will have PSC. Thyroid disease (A), systemic sclerosis (B) and rheumatoid arthritis (C) are associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.
28 D Eighty to 100 per cent of patients with PSC will have ulcerative colitis (D). On the other hand, 3 per cent of patients with ulcerative colitis will have PSC. Thyroid disease (A), systemic sclerosis (B) and rheumatoid arthritis (C) are associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.
১১.
Ptyalin is required in digestion of
১২.
You read a report which was handwritten in a patient's medical notes who you suspect has inflammatory bowel disease. The report reads, '... there is cobblestoning of the terminal ileum with the appearance of rose thorn ulcers. These findings are suggestive of Crohn's disease. Select the most likely investigation that this report was derived from:
ব্যাখ্যা
The appearance of 'cobblestoning' and 'rose thorn ulcers' are radiological descriptions, seen in Crohn's disease, obtained from barium follow- through investigations of the ileum. Lower GI endoscopy is preferred in establishing a diagnosis of IBD (either Crohn's or UC) because the operator is allowed direct visualization of the bowel and biopsies may be taken; skip lesions can be seen on direct visualization but the appearance of 'rose thorn ulcers' have only been described in barium radiograpy studies.
১৩.
Accessory digestive organs excludes
ব্যাখ্যা
Accessory digestive organs are those which help primary digestive organs in the process of digestion. Accessory digestive organs are:
• Teeth
• Tongue
• Salivary glands
• Exocrine part of pancreas
• Liver
• Gallbladder
১৪.
Stimuli that inhibit gastrin secretion
ব্যাখ্যা
Somatostatin inhibits gastrin secretion.
১৫.
Which of the following is the site of Na+–bile acid cotransport?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation-
★Bile salts are recirculated to the liver in the enterohepatic circulation via a Na+–bile acid cotransporter located in the ileum of the small intestine.
Reference-BRS physiology/6th/P-212/Fig-6.12
★Bile salts are recirculated to the liver in the enterohepatic circulation via a Na+–bile acid cotransporter located in the ileum of the small intestine.
Reference-BRS physiology/6th/P-212/Fig-6.12
১৬.
Accessory digestive organs exclude
ব্যাখ্যা
Accessory digestive organs are those which help primary digestive organs in the process of digestion. Accessory digestive organs are:
• Teeth
• Tongue
• Salivary glands
• Exocrine part of pancreas
• Liver
• Gallbladder
১৭.
Co factor of carboxy peptidase
১৮.
Which one is acidic?
১৯.
Substance that increase salivary secretion
ব্যাখ্যা
Substances which increase salivary secretion
• Sympathomimetic drugs like adrenaline and ephedrine.
• Parasympathomimetic drugs like acetylcholine, pilocarpine, muscarine and physostigmine.
• Histamine.
Substances which decrease salivary secretion
• Sympathetic depressants like ergotamine and dibenamine.
• Parasympathetic depressants like atropine and scopolamine.
• Anesthetics such as chloroform and ether stimulate the secretion of saliva. However, deep anesthesia decreases the secretion due to central inhibition.
২০.
Increased vagal tone tends to increase
ব্যাখ্যা
Effects of increased vagal tone
On CVS -
-Negative inotropism
-Negative chronotropism
-Decreases excitability
-Decreases conductivity
On GIT-
-increased secretion of GIT
-increased motility of GIT
২১.
HCL is secreted from-
ব্যাখ্যা
HCl is secreted from parietal/oxyntic cell of stomach.
২২.
Absorption of amino acid is slower in
ব্যাখ্যা
Absorption of amino acids is faster in duodenum and jejunum and slower in ileum.
২৩.
Water content is least in
২৪.
Micelle formation is necessary for the intestinal absorption of
ব্যাখ্যা
Micelles provide a mechanism for solubilizing fat-soluble nutrients in the aqueous solution of the intestinal lumen until the nutrients can be brought into contact with and absorbed by the intestinal epithelial cells. Because vitamin D is fat soluble, it is absorbed in the same way as other dietary lipids.
২৫.
Absence of intrinsic factor of castle may lead to
ব্যাখ্যা
Intrinsic factor of Castle, secreted by parietal cells of gastric glands plays an important role in erythropoiesis. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 (which is called extrinsic factor) from GI tract into the blood. Vitamin B12 is an important maturation factor during erythropoiesis. Absence of intrinsic factor in gastric juice causes deficiency of vitamin B12, leading to pernicious anaemia.
২৬.
Which of the following substances is released from neurons in the GI tract and produces smooth muscle relaxation?
ব্যাখ্যা
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a gastrointestinal (GI) neurocrine that causes relaxation of GI smooth muscle. For example, VIP mediates the relaxation response of the lower esophageal sphincter when a bolus of food approaches it, allowing passage of the bolus into the stomach.
২৭.
Secretin matches with
ব্যাখ্যা
Secretin is released from small intestine when stomach acid contents come to duodenum.
Functions:
• It inhibits gastric emptying to delay the acid contents of stomach to enter in the duodenum.
• It inhibits gastric secretion.
• It acts on pancreatic duct to produce large volume of watery, NaHCO3 secretion.
• It stimulates the secretion of NaHCO3 rich bile in the liver by acting on the bile ducts.
Functions:
• It inhibits gastric emptying to delay the acid contents of stomach to enter in the duodenum.
• It inhibits gastric secretion.
• It acts on pancreatic duct to produce large volume of watery, NaHCO3 secretion.
• It stimulates the secretion of NaHCO3 rich bile in the liver by acting on the bile ducts.
২৮.
Which of the following is the site of secretion of intrinsic factor?
ব্যাখ্যা
Intrinsic factor is secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric fundus (as is HCl). It is absorbed, with vitamin B12, in the ileum.
২৯.
Activator of salivary α-amylase
ব্যাখ্যা
Cl- activates salivary alpha amylase.
৩০.
In infants, defecation often follows a meal. The cause of colonic contractions in this situation is -?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation- Distension of the stomach by food initiates contractions of the rectum and, frequently, a desire to defecate. The response is called the gastrocolic reflex, and may be amplified by an action of gastrin on the colon. Because of the response, defecation after meals is frequent in children. In adults, habit and cultural factors play a large role in determining when defecation occurs.
Reference-Ganong physiology/26th/P-494
Reference-Ganong physiology/26th/P-494
৩১.
Factor stimulating the Secretion of Hydrochloric Acid
ব্যাখ্যা
Factors Stimulating the Secretion of Hydrochloric Acid
• Gastrin
• Histamine
• Vagal stimulation
Factors Inhibiting the Secretion of Hydrochloric Acid
• Secretin
• Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
• Peptide YY
৩২.
Digestion of proteins does not occur in
ব্যাখ্যা
Digestion of proteins does not occur in mouth, since saliva does not contain any proteolytic enzymes. So, the digestion of proteins starts only in stomach.
৩৩.
Secretion of which of the following substances is inhibited by low pH?
ব্যাখ্যা
Gastrin’s principal physiologic action is to increase H+ secretion. H+ secretion decreases the pH of the stomach contents. The decreased pH, in turn, inhibits further secretion of gastrin—a classic example of negative feedback.
৩৪.
Activator of pepsinogens
ব্যাখ্যা
HCl activates pepsinogen to active pepsin.
৩৫.
Composition of normal human pancreatic juice
ব্যাখ্যা
Composition of normal human pancreatic juice.
Cations: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ (pH approximately 8.0)
Anions: HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, HPO42-
Digestive enzymes -95% of protein in juice)
Other proteins
Cations: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ (pH approximately 8.0)
Anions: HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, HPO42-
Digestive enzymes -95% of protein in juice)
Other proteins
৩৬.
Stimuli that increase gastrin secretion
৩৭.
Which one may be acidic?
৩৮.
Xerostomia means
ব্যাখ্যা
Xerostomia means dry mouth. It is also called pasties or cottonmouth. It is due to hyposalivation or absence of salivary secretion (aptyalism).
৩৯.
Which of transporter is used by all of the monosaccharides?
৪০.
Phase 3 of MMC lasts for
৪১.
Source of Pepsinogen
ব্যাখ্যা
Pepsinogen is synthesized from amino acids in the ribosomes attached to endoplasmic reticulum in chief cells. Pepsinogen molecules are packed into zymogen granules by Golgi apparatus. When zymogen granule is secreted into stomach from chief cells, the granule is dissolved and Pepsinogen is released into gastric juice. Pepsinogen is activated into pepsin by hydrochloric acid.
৪২.
Which of the following has the highest pH?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation- pH of pancreatic juice is approximately 8.0.
Reference-Ganong physiology/26th/P-454/T-25.3
Reference-Ganong physiology/26th/P-454/T-25.3
৪৩.
Activator of pepsinogens
ব্যাখ্যা
HCl activates pepsinogen to active pepsin.
৪৪.
When hunger contractions occur in the stomach, the person sometimes experiences mild pain in the pit of the stomach, called
ব্যাখ্যা
When hunger contractions occur in the stomach, the person sometimes experiences mild pain in the pit of the stomach, called hunger pangs.
৪৫.
Which is acceptable in bile acid metabolism
ব্যাখ্যা
Bile acid metabolism
1. Site- Liver
2. Compartment- Cytoplasm
3. Rate limiting enzyme- 7-a- hydroxylase
4. No ATP is produced/used
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 205
1. Site- Liver
2. Compartment- Cytoplasm
3. Rate limiting enzyme- 7-a- hydroxylase
4. No ATP is produced/used
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 205