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Gastrointestinal Physiology

মোট প্রশ্ন৪৫এই পাতা৪৫প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Gastrointestinal Physiology

PrepBank · পাতা ১ / ১ · ১–৪৫ / ৪৫

১.
Digestion of proteins starts in
  1. ক
    Mouth
  2. খ
    Stomach
  3. গ
    Small intestine
  4. ঘ
    Large intestine
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Stomach
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Stomach
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Digestion of proteins does not occur in mouth, since saliva does not contain any proteolytic enzymes. So, the digestion of proteins starts only in stomach
২.
Which gut hormone causes relaxation of sphincter of Oddi?
  1. ক
    ক) Gastrin
  2. খ
    খ) Secretin
  3. গ
    গ) CCK
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Ghrelin
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) CCK
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) CCK
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
CCK causes contraction of gallbladder & relaxation of sphincter of Oddi.
৩.
Sympathetic innervation causes constriction of
  1. ক
    ক) Ciliary muscle
  2. খ
    খ) GI smooth muscle
  3. গ
    গ) GI sphincter
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Gallbladder
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) GI sphincter
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) GI sphincter
গ
৪.
Lactase enzyme is derived from
  1. ক
    ক) Saliva
  2. খ
    খ) Stomach
  3. গ
    গ) Intestine
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pancreas
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Intestine
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Intestine
গ
৫.
Sucrase enzyme is derived from
  1. ক
    ক) Saliva
  2. খ
    খ) Stomach
  3. গ
    গ) Intestine
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pancreas
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Intestine
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Intestine
গ
৬.
Pepsinogen is activated by
  1. ক
    HCl
  2. খ
    Enterokinase
  3. গ
    Intrinsic factor of castle
  4. ঘ
    Trypsin
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
HCl
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
HCl
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Pepsin is secreted as inactive pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by hydrochloric acid. Optimum pH for activation of pepsinogen is below 6.
৭.
Secretion from which part of GIT lacks digestive enzyme
  1. ক
    Mouth
  2. খ
    Stomach
  3. গ
    Small intestine
  4. ঘ
    Large intestine
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Large intestine
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Large intestine
ঘ
৮.
Absence of intrinsic factor of castle may lead to
  1. ক
    Iron deficiency anaemia
  2. খ
    Pernicious anaemia
  3. গ
    Haemolytic anaemia
  4. ঘ
    Sideroblastic anaemia
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Pernicious anaemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Pernicious anaemia
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Intrinsic factor of Castle, secreted by parietal cells of gastric glands plays an important role in erythropoiesis. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 (which is called extrinsic factor) from GI tract into the blood. Vitamin B12 is an important maturation factor during erythropoiesis. Absence of intrinsic factor in gastric juice causes deficiency of vitamin B12, leading to pernicious anaemia.
৯.
Large intestine secretion is devoid of
  1. ক
    ক) Water
  2. খ
    খ) Organic substance
  3. গ
    গ) Inorganic substances
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Digestive enzymes
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Digestive enzymes
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Digestive enzymes
ঘ
১০.
You are told by your registrar that one of your inpatients has been diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Your registrar suspects that the patient may have an associated condition. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with which of the following diseases?
  1. ক
    Thyroid disease
  2. খ
    Systemic sclerosis
  3. গ
    Rheumatoid arthritis
  4. ঘ
    Ulcerative colitis
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Ulcerative colitis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Ulcerative colitis
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
28 D Eighty to 100 per cent of patients with PSC will have ulcerative colitis (D). On the other hand, 3 per cent of patients with ulcerative colitis will have PSC. Thyroid disease (A), systemic sclerosis (B) and rheumatoid arthritis (C) are associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.
১১.
Ptyalin is required in digestion of
  1. ক
    Carbohydrate
  2. খ
    Protein
  3. গ
    Lipid
  4. ঘ
    Minerals
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Carbohydrate
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Carbohydrate
ক
১২.
You read a report which was handwritten in a patient's medical notes who you suspect has inflammatory bowel disease. The report reads, '... there is cobblestoning of the terminal ileum with the appearance of rose thorn ulcers. These findings are suggestive of Crohn's disease. Select the most likely investigation that this report was derived from:
  1. ক
    Colonoscopy
  2. খ
    Sigmoidoscopy
  3. গ
    Barium follow through
  4. ঘ
    Abdominal CT
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Barium follow through
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Barium follow through
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
The appearance of 'cobblestoning' and 'rose thorn ulcers' are radiological descriptions, seen in Crohn's disease, obtained from barium follow- through investigations of the ileum. Lower GI endoscopy is preferred in establishing a diagnosis of IBD (either Crohn's or UC) because the operator is allowed direct visualization of the bowel and biopsies may be taken; skip lesions can be seen on direct visualization but the appearance of 'rose thorn ulcers' have only been described in barium radiograpy studies.
১৩.
Accessory digestive organs excludes
  1. ক
    Teeth
  2. খ
    Tongue
  3. গ
    Mouth
  4. ঘ
    Salivary glands
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Mouth
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Mouth
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Accessory digestive organs are those which help primary digestive organs in the process of digestion. Accessory digestive organs are:
• Teeth
• Tongue
• Salivary glands
• Exocrine part of pancreas
• Liver
• Gallbladder

১৪.
Stimuli that inhibit gastrin secretion
  1. ক
    ক) Somatostatin
  2. খ
    খ) Distention
  3. গ
    গ) Increased vagal discharge
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Calcium
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Somatostatin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Somatostatin
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Somatostatin inhibits gastrin secretion.
১৫.
Which of the following is the site of Na+–bile acid cotransport?
  1. ক
    ক) Gastric antrum
  2. খ
    খ) Gastric fundus
  3. গ
    গ) Duodenum
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Ileum
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Ileum
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Ileum
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation-
★Bile salts are recirculated to the liver in the enterohepatic circulation via a Na+–bile acid cotransporter located in the ileum of the small intestine.
Reference-BRS physiology/6th/P-212/Fig-6.12
১৬.
Accessory digestive organs exclude
  1. ক
    ক) Teeth
  2. খ
    খ) Tongue
  3. গ
    গ) Pharynx
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Salivary glands
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Pharynx
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Pharynx
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Accessory digestive organs are those which help primary digestive organs in the process of digestion. Accessory digestive organs are:
• Teeth
• Tongue
• Salivary glands
• Exocrine part of pancreas
• Liver
• Gallbladder

১৭.
Co factor of carboxy peptidase
  1. ক
    Cu
  2. খ
    Mg
  3. গ
    Iron
  4. ঘ
    Zn
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Zn
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Zn
ঘ
১৮.
Which one is acidic?
  1. ক
    Gastric secretion
  2. খ
    Succcus entericus
  3. গ
    Liver bile
  4. ঘ
    Gallbladder bile
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Gastric secretion
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Gastric secretion
ক
১৯.
Substance that increase salivary secretion
  1. ক
    ক) Histamine
  2. খ
    খ) Ergotamine
  3. গ
    গ) Atropine
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Chloroform
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Histamine
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Histamine
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Substances which increase salivary secretion
• Sympathomimetic drugs like adrenaline and ephedrine.
• Parasympathomimetic drugs like acetylcholine, pilocarpine, muscarine and physostigmine.
• Histamine.

Substances which decrease salivary secretion
• Sympathetic depressants like ergotamine and dibenamine.
• Parasympathetic depressants like atropine and scopolamine.
• Anesthetics such as chloroform and ether stimulate the secretion of saliva. However, deep anesthesia decreases the secretion due to central inhibition.

২০.
Increased vagal tone tends to increase
  1. ক
    ক) Heart rate
  2. খ
    খ) Decreased peristalsis
  3. গ
    গ) Diameter of blood vessel
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Secretion of HCl
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Secretion of HCl
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Secretion of HCl
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

Effects of increased vagal tone
On CVS -
-Negative inotropism
-Negative chronotropism
-Decreases excitability
-Decreases conductivity
On GIT-
-increased secretion of GIT
-increased motility of GIT

২১.
HCL is secreted from-
  1. ক
    ক) Chief cell
  2. খ
    খ) Oxyntic cell
  3. গ
    গ) G-cell
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Mucus neck cell
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Oxyntic cell
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Oxyntic cell
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
HCl is secreted from parietal/oxyntic cell of stomach.
২২.
Absorption of amino acid is slower in
  1. ক
    ক) Stomach
  2. খ
    খ) Duodenum
  3. গ
    গ) Jejunum
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Ileum
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Ileum
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Ileum
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Absorption of amino acids is faster in duodenum and jejunum and slower in ileum.
২৩.
Water content is least in
  1. ক
    Saliva
  2. খ
    Gastric juice
  3. গ
    Liver bile
  4. ঘ
    Gallbladder bile
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Gallbladder bile
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Gallbladder bile
ঘ
২৪.
Micelle formation is necessary for the intestinal absorption of
  1. ক
    ক) Galactose
  2. খ
    খ) Leucine
  3. গ
    গ) bile acids
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Vitamin D
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Vitamin D
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Vitamin D
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Micelles provide a mechanism for solubilizing fat-soluble nutrients in the aqueous solution of the intestinal lumen until the nutrients can be brought into contact with and absorbed by the intestinal epithelial cells. Because vitamin D is fat soluble, it is absorbed in the same way as other dietary lipids.
২৫.
Absence of intrinsic factor of castle may lead to
  1. ক
    ক) Iron deficiency anaemia
  2. খ
    খ) Pernicious anaemia
  3. গ
    গ) Haemolytic anaemia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Sideroblastic anaemia
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Pernicious anaemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Pernicious anaemia
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Intrinsic factor of Castle, secreted by parietal cells of gastric glands plays an important role in erythropoiesis. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 (which is called extrinsic factor) from GI tract into the blood. Vitamin B12 is an important maturation factor during erythropoiesis. Absence of intrinsic factor in gastric juice causes deficiency of vitamin B12, leading to pernicious anaemia.
২৬.
Which of the following substances is released from neurons in the GI tract and produces smooth muscle relaxation?
  1. ক
    Secretin
  2. খ
    Gastrin
  3. গ
    Cholecystokinin (CCK)
  4. ঘ
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a gastrointestinal (GI) neurocrine that causes relaxation of GI smooth muscle. For example, VIP mediates the relaxation response of the lower esophageal sphincter when a bolus of food approaches it, allowing passage of the bolus into the stomach.
২৭.
Secretin matches with
  1. ক
    It allows gastric emptying to delay the acid contents of stomach to enter in the duodenum
  2. খ
    It inhibits gastric secretion.
  3. গ
    It acts on pancreatic duct to produce large volume of copious secretion
  4. ঘ
    Secretin is released from large intestine
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
It inhibits gastric secretion.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
It inhibits gastric secretion.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Secretin is released from small intestine when stomach acid contents come to duodenum.
Functions:
• It inhibits gastric emptying to delay the acid contents of stomach to enter in the duodenum.
• It inhibits gastric secretion.
• It acts on pancreatic duct to produce large volume of watery, NaHCO3 secretion.
• It stimulates the secretion of NaHCO3 rich bile in the liver by acting on the bile ducts.
২৮.
Which of the following is the site of secretion of intrinsic factor?
  1. ক
    Gastric antrum
  2. খ
    Gastric fundus
  3. গ
    Duodenum
  4. ঘ
    Ileum
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Gastric fundus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Gastric fundus
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Intrinsic factor is secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric fundus (as is HCl). It is absorbed, with vitamin B12, in the ileum.
২৯.
Activator of salivary α-amylase
  1. ক
    ক) H+
  2. খ
    খ) K+
  3. গ
    গ) Cl-
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Na+
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Cl-
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Cl-
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Cl- activates salivary alpha amylase.
৩০.
In infants, defecation often follows a meal. The cause of colonic contractions in this situation is -?
  1. ক
    ক) Increased circulating levels of CCK.
  2. খ
    খ) The gastrocolic reflex.
  3. গ
    গ) Increased circulating levels of somatostatin.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) The enterogastric reflex.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) The gastrocolic reflex.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) The gastrocolic reflex.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation- Distension of the stomach by food initiates contractions of the rectum and, frequently, a desire to defecate. The response is called the gastrocolic reflex, and may be amplified by an action of gastrin on the colon. Because of the response, defecation after meals is frequent in children. In adults, habit and cultural factors play a large role in determining when defecation occurs.
Reference-Ganong physiology/26th/P-494
৩১.
Factor stimulating the Secretion of Hydrochloric Acid
  1. ক
    Gastrin
  2. খ
    Secretin
  3. গ
    Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
  4. ঘ
    Peptide YY
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Gastrin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Gastrin
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Factors Stimulating the Secretion of Hydrochloric Acid
• Gastrin
• Histamine
• Vagal stimulation

Factors Inhibiting the Secretion of Hydrochloric Acid
• Secretin
• Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
• Peptide YY

৩২.
Digestion of proteins does not occur in
  1. ক
    ক) Mouth
  2. খ
    খ) Stomach
  3. গ
    গ) Small intestine
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Large intestine
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Mouth
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Mouth
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Digestion of proteins does not occur in mouth, since saliva does not contain any proteolytic enzymes. So, the digestion of proteins starts only in stomach.
৩৩.
Secretion of which of the following substances is inhibited by low pH?
  1. ক
    Secretin
  2. খ
    Gastrin
  3. গ
    Cholecystokinin (CCK)
  4. ঘ
    Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Gastrin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Gastrin
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Gastrin’s principal physiologic action is to increase H+ secretion. H+ secretion decreases the pH of the stomach contents. The decreased pH, in turn, inhibits further secretion of gastrin—a classic example of negative feedback.
৩৪.
Activator of pepsinogens
  1. ক
    ক) H+
  2. খ
    খ) K+
  3. গ
    গ) HCl
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Na+
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) HCl
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) HCl
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
HCl activates pepsinogen to active pepsin.
৩৫.
Composition of normal human pancreatic juice
  1. ক
    Ca2+
  2. খ
    Mg2
  3. গ
    pH approximately 8.0
  4. ঘ
    All
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
All
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
All
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Composition of normal human pancreatic juice.
Cations: Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ (pH approximately 8.0)
Anions: HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, HPO42-
Digestive enzymes -95% of protein in juice)
Other proteins
৩৬.
Stimuli that increase gastrin secretion
  1. ক
    Somatostatin
  2. খ
    Epinephrine
  3. গ
    glucagon
  4. ঘ
    Secretin
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Epinephrine
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Epinephrine
খ
৩৭.
Which one may be acidic?
  1. ক
    ক) Saliva
  2. খ
    খ) Succus entericus
  3. গ
    গ) Liver bile
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Gallbladder bile
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Saliva
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Saliva
ক
৩৮.
Xerostomia means
  1. ক
    Dry mouth
  2. খ
    Wet mouth
  3. গ
    Excessive salivation
  4. ঘ
    Absence of HCl
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Dry mouth
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Dry mouth
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Xerostomia means dry mouth. It is also called pasties or cottonmouth. It is due to hyposalivation or absence of salivary secretion (aptyalism).
৩৯.
Which of transporter is used by all of the monosaccharides?
  1. ক
    ক) SGLT1
  2. খ
    খ) SGLT2
  3. গ
    গ) GLUT2
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) GLUT5
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) GLUT2
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) GLUT2
গ
৪০.
Phase 3 of MMC lasts for
  1. ক
    5 to 10 minutes
  2. খ
    45 minutes
  3. গ
    2 hour
  4. ঘ
    2 days
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
5 to 10 minutes
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
5 to 10 minutes
ক
৪১.
Source of Pepsinogen
  1. ক
    Chief cell
  2. খ
    Parietal cell
  3. গ
    G cell
  4. ঘ
    EC cell
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Chief cell
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Chief cell
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Pepsinogen is synthesized from amino acids in the ribosomes attached to endoplasmic reticulum in chief cells. Pepsinogen molecules are packed into zymogen granules by Golgi apparatus. When zymogen granule is secreted into stomach from chief cells, the granule is dissolved and Pepsinogen is released into gastric juice. Pepsinogen is activated into pepsin by hydrochloric acid.
৪২.
Which of the following has the highest pH?
  1. ক
    ক) Gastric juice
  2. খ
    খ) Colonic luminal contents
  3. গ
    গ) Pancreatic juice
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Contents of the intestinal crypts
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Pancreatic juice
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Pancreatic juice
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation- pH of pancreatic juice is approximately 8.0.
Reference-Ganong physiology/26th/P-454/T-25.3
৪৩.
Activator of pepsinogens
  1. ক
    ক) H+
  2. খ
    খ) K+
  3. গ
    গ) HCl
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Na+
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) HCl
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) HCl
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
HCl activates pepsinogen to active pepsin.
৪৪.
When hunger contractions occur in the stomach, the person sometimes experiences mild pain in the pit of the stomach, called
  1. ক
    ক) Hunger pangs
  2. খ
    খ) Acute gastritis
  3. গ
    গ) Ileus
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hunger contractions
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Hunger pangs
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Hunger pangs
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
When hunger contractions occur in the stomach, the person sometimes experiences mild pain in the pit of the stomach, called hunger pangs.
৪৫.
Which is acceptable in bile acid metabolism
  1. ক
    Site- Kidney
  2. খ
    Compartment- Mitochondria
  3. গ
    Rate limiting enzyme- 7-a- hydroxylase
  4. ঘ
    2 ATP is produced
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Rate limiting enzyme- 7-a- hydroxylase
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Rate limiting enzyme- 7-a- hydroxylase
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Bile acid metabolism
1. Site- Liver
2. Compartment- Cytoplasm
3. Rate limiting enzyme- 7-a- hydroxylase
4. No ATP is produced/used


ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 205