Gastrointestinal Tract

Filiform papillae: They are the most numerous papillae. They are small and conical in shape. The epithelium at the tips of these papillae is keratinised. It may project in the form of threads.

Common sites for peptic ulcers are the first part of the duodenum and the lesser curve of the stomach, but they also occur on the stoma following gastric surgery, in the oesophagus and even in a Meckel’s diverticulum, which contains ectopic gastric epithelium. In general, the ulcer occurs at a junction between diferent types of epithelia, in the epithelium least resistant to acid damage.

Retrocecal is most common(65%) position of appendix.

Valvulae conniventes is present in small intestine

Sigmoid colon is commonly affected by Hirschsprung disease

Length of esophagus is 25cm

Stomach is the most dialated part of GIT.

Supports of rectum
• Pelvic diaphragm: formed by levator ani muscles. The puborectalis sling of this diaphragm surrounds the anorectal junction and maintain the anorectal flexure. (main support) 
• Fascia of Waldeyer: Contain Superior Rectal Vessels and lymphatics
• Lateral ligaments of Rectum: Contain Middle Rectal Vessels and lymphatics
• Rectovesical fascia of Denonvilliers
• Pelvic peritoneum
• Perineal body & its muscles

Circular folds are absent in proximal part of duodenum.

Lamina propria contains gastric glands

Duodenum is the Fixed part of small intestine

Left gastric artery lies in lesser omentum.

Mucous glands of duodenum lies in submucosa.

Gastric ulcer occurs typically along Lesser curvature

(Ref: medical examination review anatomy P:52)