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Voice, Narration and Degree

মোট প্রশ্ন১,৩৫৬এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Voice, Narration and Degree

PrepBank · পাতা ৭ / ১৪ · ৬০১–৭০০ / ১,৩৫৬

৬০১.
The followers said, "Alas! Our leader is dead." (Change into indirect speech)
  1. ক
    The followers exclaimed with wonder that their leader was dead.
  2. খ
    The followers exclaimed with joy that their leader was dead.
  3. গ
    The followers exclaimed with grief that their leader was dead.
  4. ঘ
    The followers exclaimed that leader is dead.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
The followers exclaimed with grief that their leader was dead.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
The followers exclaimed with grief that their leader was dead.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct: The followers said, "Alas! Our leader is dead," 
Indirect: The followers exclaimed with grief that their leader was dead.

• Exclamatory sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে:
- Direct speech দ্বারা আনন্দ বুঝালে Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে exclaim/ exclaimed with joy বসে,
- আর দুঃখ বুঝালে exclaim / exclaimed with sorrow or grief হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসবে।
- Reported speech এর Subject বসে
- Reporting verb অনুযায়ী Reported speech এর verb বসবে।
- very/great বসবে।
- adjective.
- বাকী অংশ (যদি থাকে) 

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬০২.
Proma said to me, 'You do not do your duty.' (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    Proma told me that I do not do my duty.
  2. খ
    Proma told me I did not do my duty.
  3. গ
    Proma told me that I did not do my duty.
  4. ঘ
    Proma said me that I did not done my duty.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Proma told me that I did not do my duty.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Proma told me that I did not do my duty.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হব

• Said to me থাকলে indirect speech এ told হবে এবং reporting verb এর tense কে অনুসরণ করে indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
- এখানে তাই সঠিক indirect speech হবে - Proma told me that I did not do my duty.
৬০৩.
The boy said to me, 'Let me go now.' (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    The boy proposed me to go him then.
  2. খ
    The boy told me that he might be allowed to go then.
  3. গ
    The boy proposed that he might be allowed to go.
  4. ঘ
    The boy told me that he might be allowed to go.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The boy told me that he might be allowed to go then.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The boy told me that he might be allowed to go then.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Let যুক্ত imperative sentence কে direct থেকে indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Let এর পর me, him, them থাকলে: (প্রস্তাব বুঝাবে না)
Structure: Sub + reporting verb (অর্থানুসারে পরিবর্তন করা যায় অথবা না করলেও চলে) + that + sub + might/might be allowed to + মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত। (let কে বাদ দিতে হয়)
- Direct speech এ now থাকলে, indirect এ তা 'then' এ পরিণত হয়।

• সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
Direct: The boy said to me, 'Let me go now.'
Indirect: The boy told me that he might be allowed to go then.

অন্যদিকে,
• Direct speech এ Let এর পরে us থাকলে দুইভাবে  Indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন করা যায়, 

• Structure 1: Subject + propose/suggest + that + they/we + should = reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত। 
- reporting verb এর subject, third person হলে that এর পর we বসে এবং Subject, first person হলে that এরপর they বসে। 
- Direct: Akash said 'Let us go out for a walk'. 
- Indirect: Akash proposed to me that we should go for a walk.

• Structure 2: Subject + propose/suggest + object + gerund (reported speech এর main verb এর সাথে ing) + বাকি অংশ।
- Direct: Akash said 'Let us go out for a walk'. 
- Indirect: Akash suggested going out for a walk.
৬০৪.
Helen is the most innovative entrepreneur. (Make it positive)
  1. ক
    Very few entrepreneurs are as innovative as Helen.
  2. খ
    No other entrepreneurs is as innovative as Helen.
  3. গ
    Very few entrepreneurs is as innovative as Helen.
  4. ঘ
    No other entrepreneur is as innovative as Helen.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
No other entrepreneur is as innovative as Helen.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
No other entrepreneur is as innovative as Helen.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Superlative কে Positive করতে হলে চারটি কাজ করতে হয়:
1. Subject- Object হয়, Object - Subject হয়।
2. Affirmative -Negative হয়, Negative Affirmative হয়।
3. Degree change হয়।
4. Indicator Change হয়।

• One of the ছাড়া শুধু Superlative Degree থাকলে -
• No other + Object অংশের Noun + Verb + as/ so + Positive Degree + as + Subject.
- সে অনুসারে correct positive form হবে - No other entrepreneur is as innovative as Helen.
৬০৫.
Karim said to him, "Let us drop the matter." (make it indirect)
  1. ক
    Karim requested to him that they should drop the matter.
  2. খ
    Karim proposed to him that they have dropped the matter.
  3. গ
    Karim said to him that they should drop the matter.
  4. ঘ
    Karim proposed to him that they should drop the matter.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Karim proposed to him that they should drop the matter.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Karim proposed to him that they should drop the matter.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Let যুক্ত sentence এর indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Let এরপর us থাকলে indirect করার সময় reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose / suggest হয়। 
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- they/ we + should বসে।
- Reported Speech এর মুল verb থাকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- Reporting verb এরপর Subject third person হলে that এরপরে they বসে, এবং Reporting verb এর subject first person হলে that এরপরে we বসে।

• Direct speech: Karim said to him, "Let us drop the matter."
• Indirect speech: Karim proposed to him that they should drop the matter.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬০৬.
(Qs. 89-90): In each of the following questions, a sentence has been given in Direct Narration. Select the best one which expresses the same sentence in Indirect Narration.
The manager said to the employee, "Be punctual. Do not be careless in this manner."
  1. ক
    The manager asked the employee if he was punctual and careful in that manner.
  2. খ
    The manager said that the employee must be punctual and not be careless in that manner.
  3. গ
    The manager ordered the employee to be punctual and not to be careless in that manner.
  4. ঘ
    The manager advised the employee that he should be punctual and should not be careless in that manner.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
The manager ordered the employee to be punctual and not to be careless in that manner.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
The manager ordered the employee to be punctual and not to be careless in that manner.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: The manager said to the employee, "Be punctual. Do not be careless in this manner."
• Indirect: The manager ordered the employee to be punctual and not to be careless in that manner.

• Imperative Sentence কে Indirect Narration -এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Reported speech -এর অর্থানুসারে Reporting Verb -এর পরিবর্তন হবে:
- এক্ষেত্রে "said to" পরিবর্তিত হবে "ordered" হবে, কারণ manager তার employee দের আদেশ দিচ্ছেন।
- Affirmative বাক্যের ক্ষেত্রে Imperative -এর verb -এর পূর্বে to বসে এবং negative বাক্যের ক্ষেত্রে Imperative -এর verb -এর পূর্বে not to বসে।
- দুইটি sentence থাকলে and দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Indirect Narration হলো- গ) The manager ordered the employee to be punctual and not to be careless in that manner.
৬০৭.
She said, "I saw the movie yesterday." (Indirect speech)
  1. ক
    She said that she saw the movie yesterday.
  2. খ
    She said that she has seen the movie yesterday.
  3. গ
    She said that she will see the movie the previous day.
  4. ঘ
    She said that she had seen the movie the previous day.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
She said that she had seen the movie the previous day.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
She said that she had seen the movie the previous day.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - ঘ) She said that she had seen the movie the previous day

Direct Speech থেকে  Indirect Speech করার ক্ষেত্রে:
Direct Speech-এ যদি বাক্যটি Simple Past Tense-এ হয় এবং yesterday শব্দ থাকে, তাহলে Indirect Speech-এ তা Past Perfect Tense-এ পরিবর্তিত হয় এবং yesterday এর স্থানে the previous day ব্যবহার করা হয়।
Example:
Direct: She said, "I saw the movie yesterday." 
Indirect: She said that she had seen the movie the previous day

More Example:
Direct: He said, "I came yesterday."
Indirect: He said that he had come the previous day.

Other options
ক) She said that she saw the movie yesterday.
এখানে tense পরিবর্তন হয়নি; past tense "saw" আছে, কিন্তু indirect speech-এ past tense পরিবর্তন হয়ে past perfect হবে। 

খ) She said that she has seen the movie yesterday.
এখানে has seen ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, কিন্তু direct speech past tense কিন্তু indirect speech-এ past perfect হবে। 

গ) She said that she will see the movie the previous day.
এখানে future tense “will see” ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা ভুল।

৬০৮.
Change the voice of the sentence: Soham suggested giving up smoking.
  1. ক
    Soham suggested to give up smoking.
  2. খ
    Soham suggested that smoking should be given up.
  3. গ
    Soham suggested giving up smoking.
  4. ঘ
    Soham suggested smoking should be given up.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Soham suggested that smoking should be given up.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Soham suggested that smoking should be given up.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে:

• advice/ insist/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম: 
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসে 
- gerund এর পরের object টি বসে 
- should be বসে 
- প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে তার past participle হয়।

তাই উল্লেখিত বাক্যটির সঠিক passive form হলো - Soham suggested that smoking should be given up.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৬০৯.
He said, "You should go for a walk." (Change the narration.)
  1. ক
    He said that I should go for a walk.
  2. খ
    He said to I should go for a walk.
  3. গ
    He told I should go for a walk.
  4. ঘ
    He said that they should go for a walk.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He said that I should go for a walk.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He said that I should go for a walk.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct Answer: He said that I should go for a walk.

• Direct Narration-এ Reported speech-এর মূল verb-এর পূর্বে should বা would, Future in past হিসাব ব্যবহৃত হলে subject-এর Person অনুসারে তাদের পরিবর্তন ঘটে।
- কিন্তু উচিতার্থে Should ব্যবহৃত হলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকে। যেমন:

Direct: He said, "You should go for a walk.
Indirect: He said that I should go for a walk.

- Reporting verb "said" এর পর "to"নেই, তাই "told" ব্যবহার করা হয়নি।
- Modal verb "should" একই রকম থাকে।
- Pronoun "you" পরিবর্তিত হয়ে শ্রোতা অনুসারে "I" তে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Quotation marks উঠে যায় এবং "that" যোগ হয়।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.
৬১০.
The soup tastes bitter. (Change into passive)
  1. ক
    The soup is bitter when it is tasted.
  2. খ
    The soup is bitter when it was tasted.
  3. গ
    The soup is bitter when it had been tasted.
  4. ঘ
    The soup is bitter when it is being tasted.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The soup is bitter when it is tasted.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The soup is bitter when it is tasted.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: The soup is bitter when it is tasted.
- প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি Quasi passive যুক্ত sentence.
- কিছু sentence গঠনগত দিক থেকে active voice, কিন্তু বাংলা অর্থ করলে passive বা "আন্যের দ্বারা/অন্যকিছুর মাধ্যমে" এমন বোঝায়।  এমন "verb" বিশিষ্ট বাক্যেকে "quasi-passive" যুক্ত sentence বলে। এখানে উক্ত Quasi passive যুক্ত sentence টি present Indefinite Tense এর হওয়ায় Voice Change এর ক্ষেত্রে is এর পর Verb এর past participle form হয়েছে।


• Quasi sentence কে দুই ভাবে passive করা যায়-
1) Active voice এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে,
- tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে,
- adjective টি বসে,
- when + প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী it/they বসে
- আবারো tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle.
- যেমনঃ
- Active: The soup tastes bitter.
- Passive: The soup is bitter when it is tasted

2) Active এর এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে
- tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে মূল verb এর past participle
- adjective টি বসে।
- যেমনঃ
- Active: The soup tastes bitter.
- Passive: The soup is tasted bitter.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬১১.
Helena said, "I took the mobile home with me." Its indirect form is- 
  1. ক
    Helena said that she took the mobile home with her. 
  2. খ
    Helena said that she had taken the mobile home with her. 
  3. গ
    Helena confirmed that she has taken the mobile home with her.
  4. ঘ
    Helena told that she had the mobile taken home with her. 
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Helena said that she had taken the mobile home with her. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Helena said that she had taken the mobile home with her. 
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct Narration: Helena said, "I took the mobile home with me."
- Indirect Narration: Helena said that she had taken the mobile home with her.

• Assertive sentence -এর Direct narration থেকে Indirect narration -এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb -এর subject বসে।
- তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- Reporting verb - 'said to + object' থাকলে Indirect -এ 'told + object' বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech -এর subject এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়,
- Reported speech -এর 1st person (I) সবসময় Reporting verb -এর subject -এর number, person, ও gender অনুসারে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- যেমন: (I → she), (me → her).
- Direct speech টি- past indefinite tense (took) -এ থাকলে Indirect speech - এ, তা past perfect tense (had taken) -এ পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে।

অন্যান্য অপশন বিশ্লেষণ:
ক) Helena said that she took the mobile home with her.
→ এটি ভুল, কারণ tense -এর পরিবর্তন হয়নি ("took" should become "had taken").

গ) Helena confirmed that she has taken the mobile home with her.
→ এটি ভুল, কারণ tense -এর ভুল পরিবর্তন হয়েছে ("has taken" না হয়ে "had taken" হবে).

ঘ) Helena told that she had the mobile taken home with her.
→  এটি ভুল, কারণ "told" সাধারণত object নেয়, এছাড়া "had the mobile taken" হলো wrong structure.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৬১২.
He said, "Alas! How worthless I am."(Make it indirect speech) 
  1. ক
    He said that he was very worthless.
  2. খ
    He exclaimed with joy that he was very worthless.
  3. গ
    He exclaimed with sorrow that he was very worthless.
  4. ঘ
    He exclaimed with sorrow that he is very worthless.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
He exclaimed with sorrow that he was very worthless.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
He exclaimed with sorrow that he was very worthless.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Speech: He said, "Alas! How worthless I am."
• Indirect Speech: He exclaimed with sorrow that he was very worthless.
- যখন direct speech-এ 'Alas!' ব্যবহার করে দুঃখ বা কষ্ট প্রকাশ করা হয়, তখন তাকে indirect speech-এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় reporting verb-এ অবশ্যই 'exclaimed with sorrow', 'exclaimed with grief' বসে।

• Exclamatory Sentence এর Direct Speech এ আনন্দ/ দুঃখ বুঝালে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Subject + Reporting Verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে (আনন্দ বুঝালে) exclaim/ exclaimed with joy বসে এবং (দুঃখ বুঝালে) exclaim/ exclaimed with sorrow or grief বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting verb অনুযায়ী Reported speech এর verb বসবে।
- Adjective বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ (যদি থাকে)।

Other options:
ক) He said that he was very worthless.
- ভুল কারণ, Exclamatory Sentence এর Direct Speech এ দুঃখ বুঝালে Reporting verb said এর পরিবর্তে অবশ্যই 'exclaimed with sorrow' বসবে।

খ) He exclaimed with joy that he was very worthless.
-  ভুল কারণ, Exclamatory Sentence এর Direct Speech এ দুঃখ বুঝালে Reporting verb said এর পরিবর্তে অবশ্যই 'exclaimed with sorrow' বসবে।

ঘ) He exclaimed with sorrow that he is very worthless.
- ভুল কারণ, এখানে Tense পরিবর্তন সঠিক হয়নি। Direct Speech টি Present Indefinite tense এ রয়েছে তাই Tense পরিবর্তনের নিয়মানসারে এটি Past Indefinite tense হবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬১৩.
Let him complete the assignment. (make it passive)
  1. ক
    The assignment is let to be completed by him.
  2. খ
    Let the assignment being completed by him.
  3. গ
    Let the assignment be completed by him.
  4. ঘ
    Let the assignment been completed by him.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Let the assignment be completed by him.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Let the assignment be completed by him.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Let যুক্ত Imparetive sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Let দিয়ে Passive voice এর বাক্যটি শুরু হবে।
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে। 
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active Voice: Let him complete the assignment. 
• Passive Voice: Let the assignment be completed by him.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬১৪.
Change the voice: By whom was this masterpiece painted?
  1. ক
    This masterpiece has been painted by who?
  2. খ
    Who painted this masterpiece?
  3. গ
    Who has painted this masterpiece?
  4. ঘ
    Who can paint this masterpiece?
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Who painted this masterpiece?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Who painted this masterpiece?
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,
 • Passive Voice এ By whom থাকলে Active Voice করতে হলে –
- Subject হিসেবে Who বসে।
- কোনো Modal Auxiliary থাকলে তা who এর পরে বসবে। (এক্ষেত্রে কোন Modal Auxiliary নেই),
- be বাদ যাবে।
- বাদ যাওয়া be verb যে Form এ ছিল, মূল Verb- ঐ form এ বসবে।
- এখানে was, past form এ রয়েছে তাই মূল Verb - painted হবে।
- Passive Voice এর Subject - Object হয়ে বসবে।

Correct answer: Who painted this masterpiece?
৬১৫.
She will say, "The train arrived late. (Change into indirect speech)
  1. ক
    She will tell that the train arrived late.
  2. খ
    She will say that the train had arrived late.
  3. গ
    She will say that the train arrived late.
  4. ঘ
    She will tell that the train had arrived late.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
She will say that the train arrived late.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
She will say that the train arrived late.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech: She will say, "The train arrived late."  
Indirect speech: She will say that the train arrived late.
- উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে Reporting verb "will say" এখানে future tense এ আছে। তাই reported speech-এ verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হবে না। Reporting verb-এর পরে যেহেতু এখানে object নেই, তাই told ব্যবহার না করে say ব্যবহারই সঠিক।

• Direct speech এর reporting verb যদি Present tense বা Future tense থাকে,
- তবে reported speech এর verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- কেবল person পরিবর্তিত হয়,
- অর্থাৎ, 1st person (I, we) থাকলে Reporting Verb এর Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়। 
- 2nd person (you) থাকলে Reporting Verb এর Object অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- Reported speech এর 3rd person এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না। 

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬১৬.
Rajib said to me, "Let us go to the wedding together." (Change the speech)
  1. ক
    Rajib proposed to me to come to the wedding together.
  2. খ
    Rajib proposed to me that we should go to the wedding together.
  3. গ
    Rajib wanted to me that we should go to the wedding together.
  4. ঘ
    Rajib urged to me to go to the wedding together.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Rajib proposed to me that we should go to the wedding together.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Rajib proposed to me that we should go to the wedding together.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: Rajib said to me, "Let us go to the wedding together."
• Indirect: Rajib proposed to me that we should go to the wedding together.

• Let দ্বারা শুরু imperative sentence -এর narration পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Let us দিয়ে শুরু হয়ে যখন কোনো proposal/suggestion (প্রস্তাব) বোঝায় তখন reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose/suggest হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- পুনরায় subject হিসেবে they/we বসে।
- বাক্যে finite verb -এর আগে Modal auxiliary 'should' ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তারপর reported speech -এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Note: প্রস্তাবের ক্ষেত্রে Reporting verb -এর subject বা object টি first person হলে we এবং অন্যান্য ক্ষেত্রে they বসে।
- তবে suggest -এর ক্ষেত্রে suggest +gerund ও ব্যবহার করা যায়।

• More Examples:
- Direct: Sarah said to Mitu, "Let us visit the museum."
- Indirect: Sarah proposed to Mitu that they should visit the museum.

Source:
1. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৬১৭.
John said, "I must leave early for the meeting." (change the narration)
  1. ক
    John said that he had to leave for the meeting.
  2. খ
    John said that he have to leave early for the meeting.
  3. গ
    John said that he had to leave early for the meeting.
  4. ঘ
    John said that he must to leave early for the meeting.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
John said that he had to leave early for the meeting.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
John said that he had to leave early for the meeting.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Direct speech এ must থাকলে Indirect speech এ had to হয়।
- to এর পর verb এর base form বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে। 

Direct: Karim said, "I must go home."
Indirect: Karim said that he had to go home.

Direct: John said, "I must leave early for the meeting."
Indirect: John said that he had to leave early for the meeting.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৬১৮.
The magician's trick astonished the audience. (Change into passive voice)
  1. ক
    The audience were astonished at the magician's trick.
  2. খ
    The audience was astonished at the magician's trick.
  3. গ
    The audience was astonished by the magician's trick.
  4. ঘ
    The audience were astonished by the magician's trick.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The audience was astonished at the magician's trick.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The audience was astonished at the magician's trick.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice: The magician's trick astonished the audience.
Passive Voice: The audience was astonished at the magician's trick.

• কিছ কিছু Active voice কে Passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার ক্ষেত্রে এদের পূর্বে 'by' বসেনা।
- এ জাতীয় কিছু verb হচ্ছে - astonished at, annoyed with, surprised at, seized with, contained in etc..
- এ বাক্যের object- "the audience" বসেছে passive voice এ subject হিসেবে।
- যেহেতু বাক্যটি past indefinite tense এ গঠিত এবং Subject একটি Collective noun,
- তাই মূল verb হিসেবে was বসেছে ।
- তারপর verb এর past participle form.
- এরপর at + Subject এর objective form.

 Other options:

ক) The audience were astonished at the magician's trick.
- ভুল কারণ এখানে "were" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। Subject  "audience" একটি Collective noun. এর সাথে Plural verb বসবে না।

গ) The audience was astonished by the magician's trick.
- ভুল কারণ "astonished" শব্দটির পরে সাধারণত "by" preposition বসে না, বরং "at" বসে।

ঘ) The audience were astonished by the magician's trick.
- ভুল কারণ এখানে "were" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। Subject  "audience" একটি Collective noun. এর সাথে Plural verb বসবে না। আবার "astonished" শব্দটির পরে সাধারণত "by" preposition বসে না, বরং "at" বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬১৯.
Change the narration: Her friend said to her, ''Can you spare your book for me a week?''
  1. ক
    ক) Her friend asked her if she could spare the book for her for a week.
  2. খ
    খ) Her friend said her whether she could spare her book for a week.
  3. গ
    গ) Her friend requested her to spare the book for her for a week.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Her friend asked her to spare the book for her for a week.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Her friend asked her if she could spare the book for her for a week.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Her friend asked her if she could spare the book for her for a week.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
No explanation added.
৬২০.
The students must complete the project. (make it passive)
  1. ক
    The project must completed by the students.
  2. খ
    The project must be completed by the students.
  3. গ
     The project must being completed by the students.
  4. ঘ
    The project must have be completed by the students.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The project must be completed by the students.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The project must be completed by the students.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice এ Modal Auxiliary Verb থাকলে তা Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Modal Auxiliary verb গুলো হলো: Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should, Ought to, Used to, Must ইত্যাদি।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Active voice এর Modal verb টি বসে।
- be বসে।
- প্রদত্ত মুল verb এর past participle বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active Voice: The students must complete the project.
• Passive voice: The project must be completed by the students.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬২১.
Choose the correct indirect speech:
Rina said, "I am going to school."
  1. ক
    Rina said that she is going to school.
  2. খ
    Rina said that she was going to school.
  3. গ
    Rina said that she will go to school.
  4. ঘ
    Rina says that she was going to school.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Rina said that she was going to school.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Rina said that she was going to school.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর: খ) Rina said that she was going to school.

• Direct speech: Rina said, "I am going to school."
- এখানে Reporting verb = said (past tense).
- Reported speech = I am going (Present Continuous).

- Indirect-এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Present Continuous (am/is/are + verb-ing) → Past Continuous (was/were + verb-ing).
- I → she (Rina এর জন্য)

- Rina said, "I am going to school."
→ Rina said that she was going to school.

• Other options:

ক) "she is going" → Tense পরিবর্তন হয়নি।

গ) "she will go" → Future tense হয়েছে, অর্থ বদলে গেছে।

ঘ) "Rina says" → Reporting verb present, কিন্তু বাকিরা past tense → মিলছে ।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৬২২.
The man refused him admittance. (Passive)
  1. ক
    Admittance is refused to him by the man.
  2. খ
    Admittance was refused by the man to him.
  3. গ
    He was refused admittance by the man.
  4. ঘ
    Admittance is refused him by the man.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
He was refused admittance by the man.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
He was refused admittance by the man.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Active Voice: The man refused him admittance.
Passive Voice: He was refused admittance by the man. (অপশন 'গ')

• Past indefinite tense যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম - 
→ প্রথমে object = him, passive voice- এ subject = He রূপে বসেছে।
→ Passive voice- এ subject = He এর পর active voice- এর tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb = was বসেছে।
→ 'was' এরপর principal verb- এর past participle form = refused বসেছে।
→ refused এরপর admittance = optional agent হিসেবে বসেছে।
→ এরপর by বসেছে।
→ 'by' এরপর active voice এর subject = The man, passive voice এ object = tha man রূপে বসেছে।
৬২৩.
The passive form of 'He please us' -.
  1. ক
    We were pleased with him.
  2. খ
    We are pleased with him.
  3. গ
    We are pleased by him.
  4. ঘ
    We will be pleased by him.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
We are pleased with him.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
We are pleased with him.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
•  'He pleases us' বাক্যটির সঠিক passive form: We are pleased with him.

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয় + Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to,in) বসে।

• ব্যক্তির ক্ষেত্রে with বসে আর ব্যক্তির কাজ বা বস্তুর উপরে সন্তুষ্টি বোঝাতে at বসে।
- যেহেতু প্রশ্নে ব্যক্তির উপর সন্তুষ্টি বোঝানো হয়েছে তাই pleased with বসবে।
৬২৪.
Make the direct speech into indirect speech.
They said, "We will visit the museum tomorrow."
  1. ক
    They said that they would visit the museum the next day.
  2. খ
    They said that they will visit the museum tomorrow.
  3. গ
    They said that they are visiting the museum tomorrow.
  4. ঘ
    They said that they would visit the museum yesterday.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
They said that they would visit the museum the next day.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
They said that they would visit the museum the next day.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তর:ক) They said that they would visit the museum the next day.

Assertive sentence -এর Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়:
- প্রথমে subject বসে,
- এর পরে reporting verb বসে,
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে,

তারপর নিম্নলিখিত পরিবর্তনগুলি করা হয়:
- Person পরিবর্তন: "We" কে "they".
- Tense পরিবর্তন: Future Tense ("will visit") কে  "would visit", 
- সময় নির্দেশক শব্দ পরিবর্তন: "tomorrow" কে "the next day".

Direct Speech: They said, "We will visit the museum tomorrow."
Indirect Speech: They said that they would visit the museum the next day.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৬২৫.
Amin said, "I shall go to school." Change the sentence to indirect speech.
  1. ক
    Amin said that he would go to school.
  2. খ
    Amin said that I shall go to school.
  3. গ
    Amin said that I would go to school.
  4. ঘ
    Amin said that he will go to school.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Amin said that he would go to school.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Amin said that he would go to school.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct Narration: Amin said, "I shall go to school."
- Indirect Narration: Amin said that he would go to school.

• Assertive sentence -এর Direct narration থেকে Indirect narration -এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb -এর subject বসে।
- তারপর Reporting verb - say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech -এর subject এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়,
- Reported speech -এর 1st person (I) সবসময় Reporting verb -এর subject -এর number, person, ও gender অনুসারে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Direct narration -এ Reporting verb যদি past tense -এ থাকে, তাহলে Reported speech -এর verb 'shall' Indirect narration -এ would -এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে।

• Structure: Sub + said + that + Reported speech -এর subject + verb (tense অনুযায়ী) + বাকি অংশ।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৬২৬.
He asked me 'What is your name'? (Make it Indirect)
  1. ক
    ক) He asked me of about my name.
  2. খ
    খ) He inquired me what my name was.
  3. গ
    গ) He enquired of me what my name was.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) He inquired me about my name.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) He enquired of me what my name was.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) He enquired of me what my name was.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায় -
- সাধারণত Reporting verb যদি past indefinite tense এ থাকে, এবং যদি reporting speech টি present indefinite tense থাকে তবে indirect speech এ তা past indefinite হবে।
- reporting speech এ is থাকলে was হবে।
- Interrogative sentence এ Said to থাকলে asked/enquired of/inquired of হবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - He enquired of me what my name was.
৬২৭.
Make it indirect: He said 'I am sorry'.
  1. ক
    He said that he is sorry.
  2. খ
    He apologies.
  3. গ
    He make an apology.
  4. ঘ
    He made an apology.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He made an apology.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He made an apology.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- Mood অনুযায়ী বাক্যকে indirect speech এ পরিণত করা যায়।
- সে ক্ষেত্রে প্রথমে subject এবং তারপরেই verb বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, 'Sorry' যুক্ত direct speech কে Indirect করতে হলে, 
- Indirect speech এ said এর পরিবর্তে made an apology or apologized বসে। 
Structure: subject + made an apology/ apologized 

Direct: He said 'I am sorry'.
Indirect: He apologized.
Or
He made an apology.
৬২৮.
They were going to attend the meeting. (make it passive)
  1. ক
    The meeting were going to be attended by them.
  2. খ
    The meeting was going to been attended by them.
  3. গ
    The meeting was being going to be attended by them.
  4. ঘ
    The meeting was going to be attended by them.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
The meeting was going to be attended by them.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
The meeting was going to be attended by them.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• be going to দিয়ে Active Voice থাকলে তা Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Object টি Passive voice এর Subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- going to এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- going to এরপর be বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর Subject টি Passive voice এ Object হিসেবে বসে।

Active Voice: They were going to attend the meeting.
Passive Voice: The meeting was going to be attended by them.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৬২৯.
Change the voice: He has done the work.
  1. ক
    ক) The work has been done by him.
  2. খ
    খ) The work had been done by him.
  3. গ
    গ) The work is done by him.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) The work was being done by him.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) The work has been done by him.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) The work has been done by him.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর- The work has been done by him.

• Present perfect tense এর sentence এর Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- Object টির Subject হয়।
- have been/ has been বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form হয়।
- by বসে।
- Subject এর object form হয়।

Structure: Object টির Subject + have been/ has been + মূল verb এর past participle form + by + Subject এর object form.

Source: Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury & Hossain
৬৩০.
He said, "tell me, boy, is the miller within?" বাক্যের সঠিক Indirect speech-
  1. ক
    ক) Addressing the boy, he said him (boy) to tell him if the miller was within.
  2. খ
    খ) Addressing the boy, he said to him (boy) to tell him if the miller was within.
  3. গ
    গ) Addressing the boy, he asked him (boy) to tell him if the miller was within.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Addressing the boy, he asked him (boy) to tell him that the miller was within.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Addressing the boy, he asked him (boy) to tell him if the miller was within.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Addressing the boy, he asked him (boy) to tell him if the miller was within.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct speech এ boy দ্বারা সম্বোধন করা বোঝানোর কারণে Addressing the boy ব্যবহৃত হবে।
Interrogative sentence এ passive করার জন্য Ask/Inquire of/Enquire of ব্যবহৃত হয়।
'কি না' অর্থ বুঝাতে if ব্যবহৃত হয়।
তাই সঠিক indirect speech: Addressing the boy, he asked him (boy) to tell him if the miller was within.
৬৩১.
She said, "May Allah save my child." (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    She prayed that Allah may save her child.
  2. খ
    She wished that Allah might save her child.
  3. গ
    She prayed that Allah might save her child.
  4. ঘ
    She wished that Allah may save her child.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
She prayed that Allah might save her child.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
She prayed that Allah might save her child.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Optative Sentence এর Direct speech থাকে Indirect speech- এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- reporting clause এর subject বসে।
- reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে (wish/wished)/ (pray/prayed) বসে।
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- may/ might বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Direct speech: She said, "May Allah save my child."
• Indirect speech: She prayed that Allah might save her child.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬৩২.
Change the speech:
He said to me, "Why did you leave early?"
  1. ক
    He said to me that I had left early.
  2. খ
    He enquired of me whether I had left early.
  3. গ
    He enquired of me why I had left early.
  4. ঘ
    He asked me why I left early.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
He enquired of me why I had left early.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
He enquired of me why I had left early.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech: He said to me, "Why did you leave early?"
• Indirect Speech: He enquired of me why I had left early.

• WH-Question যুক্ত Direct speech -কে Indirect Speech -এ রূপান্তর নিয়ম:
- Reporting Verb হিসেবে tense অনুযায়ী ask/asked, enquire of/enquired of, want/wanted to know ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- WH-word টি (যেমন: Why, how, what, where) অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
- Direct speech -এর Past Indefinite tense, Past Perfect tense -এ পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- Interrogative sentence টি Indirect speech - এ সবসময় assertive  sentence -এ পরিণত হবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Indirect speech হলো- He enquired of me why I had left early.
৬৩৩.
Change the narration: He said to me, "Good evening, can you help me?"
  1. ক
    He told good evening and asked whether I can help him.
  2. খ
    He wished me good evening and requested to help him.
  3. গ
    He greeted me good evening and wanted if I could help him.
  4. ঘ
    He wished me good evening and asked if I could help him.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He wished me good evening and asked if I could help him.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He wished me good evening and asked if I could help him.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
- Direct: He said to me, "Good evening, can you help me?"
- Indirect: He wished me good evening and asked if I could help him.

• Direct থেকে Indirect করার নিয়ম:
- বাক্যে "Good morning," "Good evening," "Good afternoon" ইত্যাদি থাকলে Indirect এ reporting verb "said" এর পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "wished" হবে।
- Structure: Sub + wish/wished + object + Good morning/evening/afternoon.

• Interrogative Sentence এর Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি 'ask'/ 'enquire of'/ 'want to know' ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়। 
- Reported Speech যদি Auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হলে, Reported speech এর পূর্বে that না বসে if/whether বসাতে হবে। 
- Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive sentence- এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
- অর্থাৎ, Subject + verb + ext.
- Structure: Subject + ask/enquire of + object (যদি থাকে) + if/whether + Reported speech এর subject + verb (Tense অনুসারে) + বাকী অংশ।

• Note: একই সাথে দুইটি বাক্য থাকলে তা and দ্বারা যুক্ত হবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৬৩৪.
She said, "Let us go to the park." (make it indirect)
  1. ক
    She suggested that we should go to the park.
  2. খ
    She said that let us go to the park.
  3. গ
    She said that we can go to the park.
  4. ঘ
    She suggested that we should gone to the park.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
She suggested that we should go to the park.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
She suggested that we should go to the park.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
• Let যুক্ত sentence এর Indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Let এরপর us থাকলে indirect করার সময় reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose / suggest হয়। 
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- they / we + should বসে।
- Reported speech এর মুল verb থাকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- Reporting verb এরপর subject third person হলে that এরপরে we বসে, এবং reporting verb এর subject first person হলে that এরপরে they বসে।

Direct: She said, "Let us go to the park."
Indirect: She suggested that we should go to the park.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৬৩৫.
They made him do the work. [Passive]
  1. ক
    He was made to do work by them.
  2. খ
    He had made to do the work by them.
  3. গ
    He was made do the work by them.
  4. ঘ
    He was made to do the work by them.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He was made to do the work by them.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He was made to do the work by them.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

Active: They made him do the work.
Passive: He was made to do the work by them.

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
-Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, at, to, in) বসে।

• Need, see, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch প্রভৃতি verb গুলোর পর Active Voice-এ to উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পরে to বসে।

৬৩৬.
He said, 'Would that I were rich!' The correct indirect form is-
  1. ক
    ক) He said would that he were rice.
  2. খ
    খ) He wished he would be rich.
  3. গ
    গ) He said that he were rich.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) He wished that he had been rich.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) He wished that he had been rich.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) He wished that he had been rich.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Exclamatory sentence দ্বারা যদি আকাঙ্ক্ষা করা বুঝায় এবং এর শুরুতে If, O that, Oh that, Would that থাকে তাহলে indirect করার সময় Wish বসাতে হয়।
Direct speech এ যেহেতু reporting verb - past form (said) এ আছে তাই indirect করার সময় Wished বসাতে হবে এবং reported speech টি past perfect form এ বসাতে হবে।

So, the correct indirect form is- 
He wished that he had been rich.
৬৩৭.
The workers will be building a new bridge. (Passive)
  1. ক
    A new bridge will be being built by the workers.
  2. খ
    A new bridge shall be built by the workers.
  3. গ
    A new bridge was being built by the workers.
  4. ঘ
    A new bridge will have been built by the workers.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
A new bridge will be being built by the workers.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
A new bridge will be being built by the workers.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - ক) A new bridge will be being built by the workers.

Future Continuous Tense এ Active থেকে  Passive এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে, 
- Active-এর object Passive-এ গিয়ে subject হয়।
- এরপর shall be being / will be being বসে।
- মূল verb-এর Past Participle (V3) ব্যবহার হয়।
- তারপর by বসে।
- Active-এর subject Passive-এ objective form হয়ে যায়।
 
Structure:
Object (subjective form) + shall be being / will be being + Verb (Past Participle) + by + Subject (objective form)

Examples:
Active: The teacher will be teaching us.
Passive: We shall be being taught by the teacher.

Active: We shall be taking tea.
Passive: Tea will be being taken by us.

৬৩৮.
The old man said, 'Could I get some money.' (Change to indirect speech)
  1. ক
    ক) The old man wished that he might get some money.
  2. খ
    খ) The old man asked that he could get some money.
  3. গ
    গ) The old man ordered that he could get some money.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) The old man wished if he might get some money.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) The old man wished that he might get some money.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) The old man wished that he might get some money.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Optative Sentence এর Direct Speech থেকে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তর করা নিয়ম:
- Reported speech-Allah/God-এর উল্লেখ না থাকলে এবং কোন ইচ্ছা/কামনা বুঝালে say/said এর বদলে Indirect Speech-এ wish/wished ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তখন structure-টি হবে নিম্নরূপ:
Wish + that + Subject + might + V

Example:
Direct: The old man said, 'Could I get some money.'
Indirect: The old man wished that he could/might get some money.

Direct: The mother said to her so, 'May you pass the exam.'
Indirect: The mother wished that her son might pass the exam.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৬৩৯.
What is the correct indirect form of: He said, 'You had better see a doctor'
  1. ক
    He advised him to see a doctor.
  2. খ
    He advised that he should see a doctor.
  3. গ
    He suggested that he seen a doctor.
  4. ঘ
    He proposed to see a doctor.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He advised him to see a doctor.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He advised him to see a doctor.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
• had better এবং subject second person যুক্ত direct speech কে  indirect speech এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম - 
- প্রথমে Subject বসবে,
- advised বসবে,
- object বসবে,
- infinitive বসবে,
- বাকি অংশ বসবে,।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে -  He advised him to see a doctor.
৬৪০.
He said to me, "May Allah bless you". Indirect narration is-
  1. ক
    He wished that Allah might bless him.
  2. খ
    He wished to me that Allah might bless him.
  3. গ
    He wished that Allah might bless me.
  4. ঘ
    He prayed that Allah might bless him.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
He wished that Allah might bless me.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
He wished that Allah might bless me.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী Optative sentence কে indirect speech এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:

• Optative sentence কে indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে wish/pray বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject বসে।
- May/might বসে।

Example:
Direct: He said to me, 'May Allah bless you.'
Indirect: He wished that Allah might bless me.

Source: Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৬৪১.
He has said, "I have done my duty."(Change into indirect speech) 
  1. ক
    He has said that he had done his duty.
  2. খ
    He has said that he has done his duty.
  3. গ
    He has told that he has done his duty.
  4. ঘ
    He has told that he had done his duty.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
He has said that he has done his duty.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
He has said that he has done his duty.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct speech: He has said, "I have done my duty."
• Indirect speech: He has said that he has done his duty.
- উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে Reporting verb "has said" এখানে present tense এ আছে। তাই reported speech-এ verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হবে না। Reporting verb-এর পরে যেহেতু এখানে object নেই, তাই told  ব্যবহার না করে said ব্যবহারই সঠিক।

• Direct speech এর reporting verb যদি Present tense বা Future tense থাকে,
- তবে reported speech এর verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- কেবল person পরিবর্তিত হয়,
- অর্থাৎ, 1st person (I, we) থাকলে Reporting Verb এর Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়। 
- 2nd person (you) থাকলে Reporting Verb এর Object অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- Reported speech এর 3rd person এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না। 

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬৪২.
Smoke fills the room. (Change the voice)
  1. ক
    The room is filled by smoke.
  2. খ
    The room is filled with smoke.
  3. গ
    The room is filled at smoke.
  4. ঘ
    The room is filled in smoke.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The room is filled with smoke.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The room is filled with smoke.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• অনেক ক্ষেত্রে Active voice এর subject- কে object করার সময় (by ছাড়া অন্য preparation যেমন: to, at, on, with, for ইত্যাদি) Passive voice- এ রুপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by ছাড়া অন্য preparation বসে। যেমন: to, at, on, with, for ইত্যাদি বসে।
- Passive Voice- এ cover, crowed, decorate, ornament, fill, seize, ইত্যাদি verb এর past participle এরপরে by এর পরিবর্তে with বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

Active voice: His behaviour surprised him.
Passive voice: He was surprised at her behaviour.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৬৪৩.
Which one is not an example of comparative degree?
  1. ক
    Higher
  2. খ
    Less
  3. গ
    Busiest
  4. ঘ
    Worse
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Busiest
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Busiest
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
- সাধারণত দুটি Noun বা Pronoun এর দোষ, গুন, অবস্থা ইত্যাদির তুলনা বুঝাতে Adjective এর যে রূপ ব্যবহার হয় তাকে Comparative Degree বলে।
যেমন: Wiser, Smaller, Fewer, Larger ইত্যাদি।

- Busiest এখানে Superlative degree রূপে আছে।
বিভিন্ন Superlative degree হলো - Biggest, Driest, Earliest, Most, Brightest etc.

• তাই এখানে "Busiest" is not an example of comparative degree.

প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাকি অপশনগুলো Comparative degree তেই রয়েছে।

Source: English & Bengali Online Dictionary & Grammar
৬৪৪.
Choose the correct form of speech for the sentence:
He said, " Let me have some pudding."
  1. ক
    He said that he had some pudding.
  2. খ
    He said he had some pudding.
  3. গ
    He desired that he might have some pudding.
  4. ঘ
    He told that he let have some pudding.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
He desired that he might have some pudding.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
He desired that he might have some pudding.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct: He said, " Let me have some pudding."
• Indirect: He desired that he might have some pudding.

• Imperative sentence এর Narration Change এর Structure:
- Let দিয়ে প্রস্তাব না বুঝালে reporting verb অপরিবর্তিত থাকে,
- Inverted কমা উঠে গিয়ে that বসে,
- Reported verb- এর subject পুনরায় বসে,
- might বসে,
- বাকি অংশ। 

Example:
- He said, "Let me have some cake."
- He desired that he might have some cake.

Source: Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৬৪৫.
The poor boy told the lady that she looked like his mother. (Make it Direct)
  1. ক
    ক) The poor boy said to the lady, “She looks like his mother”.
  2. খ
    খ) The poor boy said the lady, “You look like my mother”.
  3. গ
    গ) The poor boy said to the lady, “You look like my mother”.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) The poor boy said to the lady, “You had looked like mother.”
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) The poor boy said to the lady, “You look like my mother”.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) The poor boy said to the lady, “You look like my mother”.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
-‍ told = said to
- that বাদ যাবে, comma + inverted comma যোগ হবে। 
- বক্তা ও শ্রোতা অনুযায়ী Reported Speech এর Subject ও Object পরিবর্তন করতে হবে। (এখানে she => you, his = my)
- tense পরিবর্তন হবে। (এখানে looked = look)
৬৪৬.
He said, "Will you listen to such a man?
  1. ক
    He asked them will you listen to such a man.
  2. খ
    He asked them are you listening to such a man.
  3. গ
    He asked them whether they would listen to such a man.
  4. ঘ
    He asked them whether they will listen to such a man.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
He asked them whether they would listen to such a man.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
He asked them whether they would listen to such a man.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Reported speech যদি Interrogative sentence হয় তাহলে reporting verb 'said' বা 'said to' indirect speech এ 'ask', 'demand', 'enquire', 'wonder' বা 'want to know' তে পরিবর্তিত হয়। 
- Reported speech যদি কোন auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে indirect speech এ if বা whether ব্যবহৃত হয়। 
- Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরিত বাক্য আর Interrogative থাকে না; একারণে এর শেষে প্রশ্ন বোধক চিহ্ন (?) বসবে না।
- এজন্যে Indirect speech এ auxiliary verb টি subject এর পরে বসে। 

Direct: He said, "Will you listen to such a man?
Indirect: He asked them whether they would listen to such a man.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain. 

৬৪৭.
We had dug the canal. (Change the voice)
  1. ক
    The canal had to be been dug by us.
  2. খ
    The canal had been dig by us.
  3. গ
    The canal had been dug by us.
  4. ঘ
    The canal was dug by us.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
The canal had been dug by us.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
The canal had been dug by us.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Past perfect Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Object টির subject form হয়।
- had been বসে। 
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে। 
- by বসে। 
- Subject টির objective form বসে। 

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: We had dug the canal.
Passive: The canal had been dug by us.

আরও কিছু উদাহরণ,
Active: I had written a letter.
Passive: A letter had been written by me.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৬৪৮.
''Don't waste your time''. (Change the voice)
  1. ক
    Let your time not be waste.
  2. খ
    Let not your time be not waste.
  3. গ
    Let not your time be wasted.
  4. ঘ
    Let your time be not wasted.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Let not your time be wasted.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Let not your time be wasted.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive : 

• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let not  বসবে।
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে।
- be বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

Structure: Let not + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle.

Active Voice: Don't waste your time. 
Passive Voice: Let not your time be wasted.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English.
৬৪৯.
I said to Ben, “May you keep well”. (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    ক) I prayed to Ben that he might keep well.
  2. খ
    খ) I wished Ben that he must keep well.
  3. গ
    গ) I wished Ben that he may keep well.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) I wished Ben that he might keep well.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) I wished Ben that he might keep well.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) I wished Ben that he might keep well.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Optative Sentence এ say => pray/wish ব্যবহৃত হয়।
wish + object = object এর জন্য শুভ কামনা করা। 
pray = প্রার্থনা করা।
কিন্তু pray to + object = Object এর কাছে প্রার্থনা করা।
৬৫০.
Akash exclaimed that it was a beautiful day. (make it direct)
  1. ক
    Akash said, "It was a beautiful day!"
  2. খ
    Akash said, "What a beautiful day is it!"
  3. গ
    Akash said, "It is a beautiful day!"
  4. ঘ
    Akash said, "What a beautiful day!"
  5. ঙ
    Akash said, "How beautiful day it is!"
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Akash said, "What a beautiful day!"
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Akash said, "What a beautiful day!"
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে, 
- Indirect speech এ reported speech টি past indefinite এ হওয়ায় direct speech এ তা present indefinite এ হবে।
- Indirect speech এ exclaimed থাকলে direct speech এ তা said হয়।
- তারপর কমা বসবে। 
- তারপর inverted comma এর ভিতর বাকি অংশ বসে।

• সুতরাং, The correct direct form of the sentence "Akash exclaimed that it was a beautiful day." is: ঘ) Akash said, "What a beautiful day!"
- In this sentence, Akash is expressing a feeling of admiration or amazement about the day, which aligns with the exclamatory form "What a beautiful day!"
- Other options either do not match the exclamatory nature of the original sentence or are grammatically incorrect.

• "It is a beautiful day!" এই বাক্যটি সাধারণ statement
- কিন্তু মূল বাক্যে exclaimed থাকায় direct speech এ একটি exclamatory sentence হওয়া উচিত।
- "What a beautiful day!" exclamatory sentence হিসেবে বক্তার উচ্ছ্বাস/আবেগ বেশি ভালোভাবে প্রকাশ করে.
- সুতরাং যদিও "It is a beautiful day!" গ্রামারগতভাবে সঠিক।
- কিন্তু exclaimed এর প্রকৃত অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে "What a beautiful day!" বেশি উপযুক্ত

৬৫১.
The correct passive form of "you must shut these doors" is-
  1. ক
    These doors must be shut.
  2. খ
    These must be shut doors.
  3. গ
    Shut must be the doors.
  4. ঘ
    Shut the doors you must.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
These doors must be shut.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
These doors must be shut.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

[প্রাথমিক শিক্ষা অধিদপ্তর পদের নাম: সহকারী শিক্ষক]

- Active voice: You must shut these doors.
- Passive voice: These doors must be shut.

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to, ইত্যাদি modal auxiliary যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময়-
- Active এর object টি subject হিসেবে বসে।
- তারপর modal auxiliary টি বসে।
- এর পরে be বসে।
- তার পরেই মূল verb টির Past Participle বসে।
- by + active এর subject object হিসেবে বসে (যদি থাকে)।

• Note: shut এর past participle হলো shut.

৬৫২.
Sayeed said, "I was busy." বাক্যটির indirect speech
  1. ক
    Sayeed said that I was busy.
  2. খ
    Sayeed said that he was busy.
  3. গ
    Sayeed that I had been busy.
  4. ঘ
    Sayeed said that he had been busy.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Sayeed said that he had been busy.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Sayeed said that he had been busy.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Speech: Sayeed said, "I was busy."
• Indirect Speech: Sayeed said that he had been busy.

- এই প্রশ্নে দেওয়া বাক্যটি Indirect Speech (পরোক্ষ বক্তৃতা) এর রূপান্তর সম্পর্কে।

- প্রথমে Direct Speech (সরাসরি বক্তৃতা) হিসেবে মূল বাক্যটি ছিল:
- Sayeed said, "I was busy."
- এখন, Indirect Speech-এ এই বাক্যটি রূপান্তর করার সময় কিছু নিয়ম অনুসরণ করতে হয়, যেমন:
- Reporting verb – "said" থাকে যেমন আছে।

- Pronoun (সর্বনাম) – "I" পরিবর্তন হয়ে "he" হবে, কারণ Sayeed বলছে।
- Tense পরিবর্তন – সরাসরি বক্তৃতায় যদি অতীত কাল থাকে, তবে Indirect Speech-এ তা এক ধাপ পেছনে চলে যায়।
- অর্থাৎ, "was" হয়ে "had been" হয়ে যাবে, কারণ এটি অতীতের কথাকে নির্দেশ করছে।

- এটি সঠিক, কারণ এখানে "I" হয়ে "he" এবং "was" হয়ে "had been" হয়েছে।
- তাহলে সঠিক উত্তর ঘ) Sayeed said that he had been busy.
৬৫৩.
She said to him, "Please help me." (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    She requested him to help her.
  2. খ
    She advised him helping her.
  3. গ
    She told him help her.
  4. ঘ
    She said him to help her.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
She requested him to help her.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
She requested him to help her.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Subject + request/ order/ advice/ beg/ forbid বসে।
- Object বসে।
- to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী person পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- reported verb টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order/ command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হবে।

• Direct speech: She said to him, "Please help me."
• Indirect speech: She requested him to help her.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬৫৪.
My father said to me, “Do not waste your time.” Indirect form of this sentence is -
  1. ক
    ক) My father forbade me to waste my time.
  2. খ
    খ) My father told me to waste not my time.
  3. গ
    গ) My father told me that do not waste my time.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) My father told me that not to waste his time.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) My father forbade me to waste my time.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) My father forbade me to waste my time.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Imperative sentence কে একাধিকভাবে direct থেকে Indirect করা যায়।
Imperative sentence এর Verb টিকে infinitive এ রূপান্তর করে direct থেকে Indirect করা যায়।
সুতরাং অপশন ‍a সঠিক উত্তর। কারণ এখানে না বোধক থাকার কারণে forbade শব্দটি ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে এবং main verb টিকে infinitive এ রূপান্তরিত হয়েছে।
অপশন b তে reporting verb পরিবর্তন না করা এবং not এর ভুল ব্যবহারের কারণে উত্তর হবে না।
অপশন c ও d তে reporting speech এর পর that বসিয়েছে। তাই এগুলো ভুল।
উৎস: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hossain

৬৫৫.
‘Very few girls are as industrious as Mitu.' (Make it comparative)
  1. ক
    ক) Mitu is one of the most industrious girls.
  2. খ
    খ) Mitu is more industrious than most other girls.
  3. গ
    গ) No other girl is as industrious as Mitu.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Mitu is as industrious as other girls.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Mitu is more industrious than most other girls.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Mitu is more industrious than most other girls.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Very few যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Comparative Degree-তে পরিণত করার নিয়ম:-
-  প্রদত্ত Sentence-এর শেষের Subject +
- Verb
- Positive Degree এর Comparative form
- than most other
- very few-এর পর থেকে verb-এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত অংশ।
সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে - Mitu is more industrious than most other girls.
৬৫৬.
Let me explain the problem. (make it passive)
  1. ক
    Let the problem explained by me.
  2. খ
    Let the problem been explained by me.
  3. গ
    Let the problem being explained by me.
  4. ঘ
    Let the problem be explained by me.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Let the problem be explained by me.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Let the problem be explained by me.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Imparetive sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Let দিয়ে Passive voice এর বাক্যটি শুরু হবে।
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে। 
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active Voice: Let me explain the problem. 
• Passive Voice: Let the problem be explained by me.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬৫৭.
Jerin _______me that you were there.
  1. ক
    ক) said
  2. খ
    খ) told
  3. গ
    গ) persuaded
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) A+B
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) told
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) told
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
প্রথমেই  Tell & Say’ verb এর ব্যবহারটা দেখে নেই: 

Use of ’Tell & Say’ verb
- These two verbs are often used while changing the narration. 
- We use say and tell in different ways in reported speech;  Say focuses on the words someone said and tell focuses more on the content or message of what someone said.
- We don’t use an indirect object with say. example: ‘I’m in a hurry,’ he said to me.
-  In other words, when we know to whom narrator is talking to we use tell: He told me that you were a genius. 
- On the other hand, when we don't know to whom narrator is talking we use, say: He said that you were leading from the front.
- মূল কথা হলো, যখন বক্তা কার সাথে কথা বলেছে সুনির্দিষ্ট ভাবে জানা যায় , তখন tell  বসবে, অপরদিকে , যখন জানা যায় না তখন say বসবে। 

প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নে Jerin কার সাথে কথা বলেছে এটি যেহেতু সুনির্দিষ্ট ভাবে জানা যাচ্ছে সুতরাং এখানে, told  বসবে। 

সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে: Jerin told me that you were there.
৬৫৮.
He said, “I will meet you here tomorrow.” (Change the narration)
  1. ক
    He said that he would meet me here tomorrow
  2. খ
    He said that he would meet me here the next day.
  3. গ
    He said that he would meet me there tomorrow.
  4. ঘ
    He said that he would meet me there the next day.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He said that he would meet me there the next day.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He said that he would meet me there the next day.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তর ঘ) there the next day

• সবসময় pronouns, tenses, place, and time in indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন করতে হবে.
• সাধারণ পরিবর্তন:
- Direct speech এ  here, থাকলে indirect speech এ there হবে।
- Direct speech এ now, থাকলে indirect speech এ then হবে।
- Direct speech এ today, থাকলে indirect speech এ  that day হবে।
- Direct speech এ tomorrow, থাকলে indirect speech এ the next day হবে।
- Direct speech এ here, থাকলে indirect speech এ there হবে।
- Direct speech এ tomorrow, থাকলে indirect speech এ the next day হবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৬৫৯.
Jasmine said to me, "Let us go out for a walk on the beach." (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    Jasmine proposed to me that we should go for a walk on the beach.
  2. খ
    Jasmine asked me to go out for a walk on the beach.
  3. গ
    Jasmine suggested me to we go out for a walk on the beach.
  4. ঘ
    None of these
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
None of these
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
None of these
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech: Jasmine said to me, "Let us go out for a walk on the beach."
Indirect Speech: Jasmine proposed to me that we should go out for a walk on the beach.
→ অপশন (ক) তে, go এর পরে out for হবে। তাই, অপশন (ঘ) উত্তর হবে।

• Direct speech এ Let এর পরে us থাকলে দুইভাবে  Indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন করা যায়:

• Structure: Subject + propose/suggest + that + they/we + should = reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।
→ reporting verb এর subject, third person হলে that এর পর we বসে এবং Subject, first person হলে that এরপর they বসে।

Example:
→ Direct Speech: Abir said, "Let us go out for a picnic."
→ Indirect Speech: Abir proposed to me that we should go out for a picnic.
৬৬০.
Change into passive: The teacher gave the students homework.
  1. ক
    The students was given homework by the teacher.
  2. খ
    The students were given homework by the teacher.
  3. গ
    The teacher were given homework by the students.
  4. ঘ
    The teacher was given homework by the students.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The students were given homework by the teacher.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The students were given homework by the teacher.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice: The teacher gave the students homework.
Active Voice: The students were given homework by the teacher.

• Double object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- দু'টি object এর যেকোন একটিকে passive voice এর Subject করতে হয় (তবে ব্যক্তিবাচক অর্থাৎ Indirect object-কে subject করাই শ্রেয়) +
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে +
- প্রদত্ত মূল verb এর Past Participle বসে +
- প্রদত্ত বাকী object টি বসে+
- by বসে +
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject টি object রূপে বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬৬১.
Choose the indirect speech of. They said to him ''Sir, Please visit our office today''
  1. ক
    ক) They asked him to visit their today.
  2. খ
    খ) They requested him respectfully to visit their office that day.
  3. গ
    গ) They requested him respectfully to visit their office today.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) They told him humbly to visit their office that day.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) They requested him respectfully to visit their office that day.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) They requested him respectfully to visit their office that day.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Imperative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Direct speech -এ Sir থাকলে Indirect speech -এ তা Respectfully/ with respect হয়।
- অনুরোধ বোঝালে অর্থাৎ, please থাকলে request হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে।
- Reported speech -এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- Today থাকলে that day হয়।
 
সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - They requested him respectfully to visit their office that day.
৬৬২.
Sumon said, “I wish I were a child”. (Indirect)
  1. ক
    ক) Sumon wished he were a child.
  2. খ
    খ) Sumon exclaimed with wish if he had been a child.
  3. গ
    গ) Sumon wished if he had been a child.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Sumon said that he wished he had been a child.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Sumon wished he were a child.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Sumon wished he were a child.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Reported Speech এ Sub +wish থাকলে Reporting Verb এর জায়গায় wish বসে। Reporting Verb Past হলে wished বসে। কিন্তু এর পরের Unreal Past (Sub+ were) এর কোন Tense পরিবর্তন হয় না। এ হিসেবে সঠিক উত্তর ক।
৬৬৩.
I saw him leaving the venue. (make it passive)
  1. ক
    He was seen to leaving the venue by me.
  2. খ
    He was seen to be left the venue by me.
  3. গ
    He was being seen leaving the venue by me.
  4. ঘ
    He was seen leaving the venue by me.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He was seen leaving the venue by me.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He was seen leaving the venue by me.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Object + present participle যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb-এর past participle বসে।
- present participle যুক্ত অংশটি বসে।
- by বসে + Subject টির objective form বসে।
অর্থাৎ, 
- Present participle থেকে বাক্যের বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- এক্ষেত্রে শুধু present participle এর পূর্ববর্তী বাক্যাংশের passive form হয়ে থাকে।

• Active Voice: I saw him leaving the venue. 
• Passive Voice: He was seen leaving the venue by me.

৬৬৪.
Rafee said, “I was busy.” (Make it Indirect)
  1. ক
    Rafee said that I was busy.
  2. খ
    Rafee said that he had been busy.
  3. গ
    Rafee said that I had been busy.
  4. ঘ
    Rafee said that he was busy.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Rafee said that he had been busy.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Rafee said that he had been busy.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- Reporting verb (said) past tense এ থাকায় reported speech এ was এর পরিবর্তে had been হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Direct: Rafee said, “I was busy.”
Indirect: Rafee said that he had been busy. 
৬৬৫.
Passive voice of "None likes him" is--
  1. ক
    He is no liked by anyone.
  2. খ
    He was not liked by anyone.
  3. গ
    He has not been liked by anyone.
  4. ঘ
    He is liked by none.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He is liked by none.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He is liked by none.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive করতে হলে active voice এর Object টি passive voice এ Subject হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর Subject টি passive voice এ Object হয়।

• Active voice: None likes him.
• Passive voice: He is liked by none.

৬৬৬.
He said to me, "Let's explore the hidden trails in the forest."
  1. ক
    He proposed to me that we might explore the hidden trails in the forest.
  2. খ
    He asked me that we may explore the hidden trails in the forest.
  3. গ
    He suggested me they might explore the hidden trails in the forest.
  4. ঘ
    He urged me that they could explore the hidden trails in the forest.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He proposed to me that we might explore the hidden trails in the forest.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He proposed to me that we might explore the hidden trails in the forest.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech: He said to me, "Let's explore the hidden trails in the forest."
Indirect Speech: He proposed to me that we might explore the hidden trails in the forest.

→ Direct Narration এ Let’s/Let us থাকলে Indirect Narration এ Propose + to + Object বসে।

অন্যভাবে বলা যায়,
→ Let এর পরে us থাকলে indirect করার সময় reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose/suggest হয় + inverted comma এর পরিবর্তে that বসে + we/they + should + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
৬৬৭.
She said to her friend, "Let us watch a movie tonight." (Make into Indirect Speech)
  1. ক
    She told her friend to watch a movie tonight.
  2. খ
    She asked her friend that they should watch a movie tonight.
  3. গ
    She suggested to her friend to watch a movie tonight.
  4. ঘ
    She proposed to her friend that they should watch a movie that night.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
She proposed to her friend that they should watch a movie that night.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
She proposed to her friend that they should watch a movie that night.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: She said to her friend, "Let us watch a movie tonight."
• Indirect: She proposed to her friend that they should watch a movie that night.

• Let দ্বারা শুরু imperative sentence -এর narration পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Let us দিয়ে শুরু হয়ে যখন কোনো proposal/suggestion (প্রস্তাব) বোঝায় তখন reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose/suggest হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে linker হিসেবে that বসে।
- পুনরায় subject হিসেবে they/we বসে।
- তারপর বাক্যে finite verb -এর আগে Modal auxiliary 'should' ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তারপর reported speech -এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Note: প্রস্তাবের ক্ষেত্রে Reporting verb -এর subject বা object টি first person হলে we এবং অন্যান্য ক্ষেত্রে they বসে।
- তবে suggest -এর ক্ষেত্রে suggest +gerund ব্যব্যহার করা যায়।

• More Example:
- Direct: He said to me, "Let us go home."
- Indirect: He proposed to me that we should go home.

Source:
1. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৬৬৮.
The players said, "Hurrah! Our team has won the game." (Change it into indirect)
  1. ক
    The players exclaimed with joy that their team had won the game.
  2. খ
    The players exclaim with joy that their team had won the game.
  3. গ
    The players exclaimed with joy that their team has won the game.
  4. ঘ
    The players exclaims with joy that their team had won the game.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The players exclaimed with joy that their team had won the game.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The players exclaimed with joy that their team had won the game.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Exclamatory sentence এ,
- Direct speech দ্বারা আনন্দ বুঝালে Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে exclaimed/exclaimed with joy আর দুঃখ বুঝালে exclaimed/exclaimed with sorrow/ grief হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসবে।
- reported speech এর Subject বসে
- Reporting verb অনুযায়ী reported speech এর verb বসবে।
- very/great বসবে।
- adjective
- বাকী অংশ (যদি থাকে) 

Direct: The players said, "Hurrah! Our team has won the game."
Indirect: The players exclaimed with joy that their team had won the game.

Source:  Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury & Hossain
৬৬৯.
You said to me, "Why were you absent?"
  1. ক
    You told me why I had been absent.
  2. খ
    You asked me why had I been absent.
  3. গ
    You told me why had I been absent.
  4. ঘ
    You asked me why I had been absent.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
You asked me why I had been absent.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
You asked me why I had been absent.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
- Direct sentence-এর reported speech interrogative হলে indirect করার সময় তাকে affirmative করতে হয়।
- Direct speech-এ past tense (were) থাকলে Indirect Speech-এ past perfect tense (had been) ব্যবহার করা হয়।

Direct narration: You said to me, "Why were you absent?"
Indirect narration: You asked me why I had been absent.
৬৭০.
"Do not park." (Fill in the gap with the indirect speech) The sign says________.
  1. ক
    ক) not to park.
  2. খ
    খ) to not park
  3. গ
    গ) not to do parking.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) not to parking.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) not to park.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) not to park.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Negative Imperative Sentence: 
- These sentences tell the subject to not do something.
- They usually begin with the verb "don't" or the negative form of a verb. For example, “Don’t forget your luggage.

এই ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর Narrative , পরিবর্তনের সময়:

- Subject এর পর সাধারণত not to বসাতে হয়। 
- সাধারণত এই বাক্যগুলো simple present  এ হয়। 

সুতরাং, সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে: The sign says not to park. 
৬৭১.
Anis said, "Good night, Father". Indirect speech হবে-
  1. ক
    ক) Anis said good night for his father.
  2. খ
    খ) Anis bade his father good-bye.
  3. গ
    গ) Anis gave good night to his father.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Anis addressed his father and told good-bye.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Anis bade his father good-bye.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Anis bade his father good-bye.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct speech এ Good Night থাকলে Indirect করার নিয়ম - 
Reporting Verb এর Subject + Bade + Good Night/Good bye বসে। 
বিদায় সম্ভাষন শব্দের জন্য Bade এবংসাক্ষাৎকালীন সম্ভাষন Good night/ Good Morning এর জন্য wish ব্যবহৃত হয়।
৬৭২.
The principal said to the children, "Do not run under the sun." (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    The principal forbade the children to run under the sun.
  2. খ
    The principal advised the children not to run under the suns.
  3. গ
    The principal ordered the children not to run under the sun.
  4. ঘ
    All of these
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
All of these
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
All of these
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নোল্লিখিত বাক্যটি  নিষেধ/উপদেশমূলক হওয়ায় said এর পরিবর্তে advised/forbade/ordered ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যের indirect speech এ advised এবং ordered ব্যবহৃত হলে not to ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- কিন্তু forbade নিজেই না বোধক হওয়ায় এর পর not বসবে না শুধু to + verb বসবে।

• যেমন:
The principal said to the children, "Do not run under the sun."

এর indirect speech হতে পারে।
1. The principal forbade the children to run under the sun.
2. The principal advised the children not to run under the sun.
3. The principal advised the children not to run under the sun.

• আরো উদাহরণ:
• Direct speech: 'Don't waste your time' the boss said to the employees.
1- The boss ordered/advised the employees not to waste their time.
2- The boss forbade the employees to waste their time.

• Direct speech: John said to me, “Don’t conceal anything”.
- Indirect speech: John forbade me to conceal anything.

• Direct speech: My father said to me, “Do not waste your time.”
Indirect speech: My father forbade me to waste my time.

• The Teacher said to the students, “Do not make noise.”
1. The teacher ordered/advised the students not to make noise.
2. The teacher forbade the students to make noise.
৬৭৩.
She said, "They had left before I arrived." (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    She said that they had left before she arrived.
  2. খ
    She said that they have had left before she arrived.
  3. গ
    She said that they left before she had arrived.
  4. ঘ
    She said that they had had left before she had arrived.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
She said that they had left before she arrived.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
She said that they had left before she arrived.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ ক্ষেত্রে:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

- যদি reported speech যদি had + verb এর past participle হয় তাহলে  Indirect করার সময় Verb এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- অর্থাৎ, had + V3 এর পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- said to me এর পরিবর্তে told me হয়।
- বাকি অংশ বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
Direct: She said, "They had left before I arrived."
Indirect: She said that they had left before she arrived.
৬৭৪.
She said, "Good bye, my dear friends."
  1. ক
    She told that her dear friends good bye.
  2. খ
    She bade her dear friends good bye.
  3. গ
    She said that good bye to her dear friends.
  4. ঘ
    She told that good bye to her dear friends.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
She bade her dear friends good bye.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
She bade her dear friends good bye.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তর: She bade her dear friends good bye. 

• মূল বাক্য: Direct Speech: She said, "Good bye, my dear friends."
- Indirect Speech-এ এই বাক্যটি রূপান্তর করতে হলে, Reporting verb হিসাবে "bade" ব্যবহার করাতে হবে,
- কারণ "Good bye" বিদায় জানানোর পরিপ্রেক্ষিতে সাধারণত "bid" বা "bade" ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Indirect Speech এ পরিবর্তনগুলি:
→ She = She (অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে)
→ said = bade (goodbye এর জন্য bid/bade ব্যবহার করা হয়)
→ my = her (speaker এর my থেকে her হবে)
→ dear friends = dear friends (অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে)

সঠিক বাক্য গঠন: Subject + bade + object + goodbye.
অর্থাৎ → She + bade + her dear friends + good bye.
অর্থাৎ Narration এর নিয়ম অনুসারে, সঠিক উত্তর: She bade her dear friends good bye. 

অন্য অপশনগুলোর মাঝে:
ক) She told that her dear friends good bye. → "told" ব্যবহারের পর "that" এখানে ভুল। "Told" এর পর object আসতে হয়।
গ) She said that good bye to her dear friends. → "said" এর পর "that" এখানে অপ্রয়োজনীয়। "Good bye" সাধারণত "bade" দিয়ে প্রকাশ করা হয়।
ঘ) She told that good bye to her dear friends. → "told" এর পর "that" ভুল।"Told" এর পরে "good bye" বসানো যায় না।
৬৭৫.
Identify the correct sentences:
  1. ক
    He has said to me that I will go but you will stay there in Dhaka.
  2. খ
    He has told me that he will go but I will stay here in Dhaka.
  3. গ
    He has told me that I would go but you would stay there in Dhaka.
  4. ঘ
    He has told me that he would go but I would stay here in Dhaka.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
He has told me that he will go but I will stay here in Dhaka.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
He has told me that he will go but I will stay here in Dhaka.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক বাক্যটি হচ্ছে - He has told me that he will go but I will stay here in Dhaka.
মূলত এখানে ভিন্ন ভিন্ন অর্থে সবগুলো বাক্যই শুদ্ধ।

প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি indirect speech এ রয়েছে।
Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, Indirect speech এর Reporting verb - Present বা Future Tense এর হলে Reported Speech এর Verb- যে কোনো Tense এর হতে পারে। আবার নিকটবর্তী বা দূরবর্তী (here, therer, now, then etc.) যে কোনো নির্দেশনা সূচক শব্দ বসাতেও সমস্যা নেই।

অর্থ অনুযায়ী সবচেয়ে সুন্দর এবং মানানসই বাক্য হবে - (“He has said to me, “I will go but you will stay here in Dhaka” Probable Direct Speech ধরে নিয়ে)
খ) He has told me that he will go but I will stay here in Dhaka.
অর্থ: সে আমাকে বলেছিল যে, সে চলে যাবে কিন্তু আমি এখানে ঢাকায়ই থাকব।

৬৭৬.
Identify the correct passive form: 'I heard her sing.'
  1. ক
    She was heard sing by me.
  2. খ
    She was heard to be sung by me.
  3. গ
    She was heard sung by me.
  4. ঘ
    She was heard to sing by me.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
She was heard to sing by me.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
She was heard to sing by me.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

Active: I heard her sing.
Passive: She was heard to sing by me.

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

Passive voice-এ perception verbs এর sentence গঠনের নিয়ম:
Active: Subject + verb + object + bare infinitive.
Passive: Object + be + past participle + full infinitive + by + subject.

• Need, bid, dare, see, hear, make, help, feel, let, know, behold, watch প্রভৃতি verb গুলোর পর Active Voice-এ to উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পরে to বসে।
- যখন active sentence এ bare infinitive (to ছাড়া infinitive) থাকে, passive এ সেটি full infinitive (to সহ) হয়ে যায়।

অন্যান্য অপশন ভুল কারণ:

ক) She was heard sing by me.
 → এখানে “to” বাদ দেওয়া হয়েছে।
- Passive voice-এ bare infinitive (sing) আর থাকে না, বরং to + infinitive (to sing) হয়।
- তাই এটি ব্যাকরণগতভাবে ভুল।

খ) She was heard to be sung by me.
→ ভুল, কারণ এখানে to be sung passive infinitive ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। মূল বাক্যের অর্থ পাল্টে যাচ্ছে।

গ) She was heard sung by me.
 → grammatically ভুল, sung past participle, যা এখানে উপযুক্ত নয়।
- তাছাড়া এটি অর্থগত ভাবে ঠিক হয়নি। 

Source: Advancer Learner's HSC Communicative English by Chowdhury & Hussain.

৬৭৭.
I prepare my lesson_____ than you. Fill up the blank by-
  1. ক
    carefully
  2. খ
    so carefully
  3. গ
    most carefully
  4. ঘ
    more carefully
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
more carefully
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
more carefully
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যটি comparative degree এর উদাহরণ। 
- তাই শূন্যস্থানে "more carefully" সঠিক হবে।
- Complete sentence: I prepare my lesson more carefully than you.

অন্যান্য অপশনগুলির মধ্যে -
ক) carefully
- "Carefully" positive degeree কে বর্ণনা করার জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়, কিন্তু এখানে তুলনা করার জন্য comparative degree প্রয়োজন। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

খ) so carefully
ব্যাখ্যা: "So carefully" এর মানে হল "এত সতর্কভাবে", যা সাধারণত intensifier হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এখানে দুটি বিষয়কে তুলনা করতে হবে, এবং so carefully তুলনা নির্দেশ করে না।

গ) most carefully
-  "Most carefully" শব্দটি superlative degree নির্দেশ করে, যা তিন বা তার বেশি বস্তু বা ব্যক্তির মধ্যে তুলনা করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এখানে দুইজনের মধ্যে তুলনা করা হচ্ছে, তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।
৬৭৮.
My friend said, "I was ill." (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    My friend said that he was ill.
  2. খ
    My friend said that he had been ill.
  3. গ
    My friend told that I was ill.
  4. ঘ
    My friend said that I were ill.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
My friend said that he had been ill.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
My friend said that he had been ill.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech: My friend said, "I was ill."
Indirect Speech: My friend said that he had been ill.

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
→ Direct speech এ said to me থাকলে indirect speech এ তা পরিবর্তিত হয়ে told হবে এবং reporting verb এর tense অনুযায়ী indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
→ কমার বদলে that বসবে।
→ reporting verb এবং reporting speech উভয়েই past indefinite থাকলে, indirect করার সময় reported speech কে past perfect tense এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে।
৬৭৯.
Choose the sentence that conveys the same meaning as the given sentence.
Milk is the most nourishing food.
  1. ক
    ক) Milk is more nourishing than any other food.
  2. খ
    খ) Other foods are as nourishing as milk.
  3. গ
    গ) Milk is not as nourishing as other foods.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Milk is not more nourishing than other foods.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Milk is more nourishing than any other food.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Milk is more nourishing than any other food.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is option 1 i.e. 'Milk is more nourishing than any other food.'
One of the degrees of comparison is the 'comparative degree' that describes the comparison between more than two persons or things.
Option 1 is such an example of the comparative form of an adjective.
In this case, the comparative adjective of 'most nourishing' is 'more nourishing.'
In the case of converting the sentence, it can also be transformed to a comparative degree.
Option 1 is an example of a superlative to comparative transformation.
A comparative degree can be formed as follows: Subject + Verb + Comparative adjective + Than + Any other + Object.
Milk + is + more nourishing + than + any other + food.
Additionally, a superlative degree can be identified with the verb suffix -est or with the prefix most _____.
A comparative degree can be identified with the suffix -er or prefix more ______ than.
৬৮০.
She said, "May Allah give me strength to face the challenge." (Make it narration)
  1. ক
    She wished that Allah may give her strength to face the challenge.
  2. খ
    She prayed that Allah may give me strength to face the challenge.
  3. গ
    She wished that Allah might to give her strength to face the challenge.
  4. ঘ
    She prayed that Allah might give her strength to face the challenge. 
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
She prayed that Allah might give her strength to face the challenge. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
She prayed that Allah might give her strength to face the challenge. 
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Optative Sentence এর Direct speech থাকে Indirect speech- এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- reporting clause এর subject বসে।
- reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে (wish/wished)/ (pray/prayed) বসে।
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- may/ might বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Direct speech: She said, "May Allah give me strength to face the challenge."
• Indirect speech: She prayed that Allah might give her strength to face the challenge. 

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬৮১.
The poorman said, ''Let me eat some food.'' বাক্যের Indirect speech হচ্ছে-
  1. ক
    ক) The poorman begged that I might eaten some food.
  2. খ
    খ) The poorman begged that I might eat some food.
  3. গ
    গ) The poorman begged that he might eaten some food.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) The poorman begged that he might eat some food.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) The poorman begged that he might eat some food.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) The poorman begged that he might eat some food.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

Indirect Speech এ The poorman এর Pronoun “he” বসবে।
আর might এর পরে মূল verb হিসেবে eat বসবে।
সুতরাং প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটির সঠিক Indirect speech হচ্ছে-
The poorman begged that he might eat some food.

৬৮২.
The Captain said to the soldiers, "Stand still." (Change the narration)
  1. ক
    The Captain commanded the soldiers to stand still.
  2. খ
    The Captain command the soldiers to stand still.
  3. গ
    The Captain told the soldiers stand still.
  4. ঘ
    The Captain said the soldiers to stand still.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The Captain commanded the soldiers to stand still.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The Captain commanded the soldiers to stand still.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, তা না হলে tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়;
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে;
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Structure: Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Direct: The Captain said to the soldiers, "Stand still"
Indirect: The Captain commanded the soldiers to stand still.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৬৮৩.
Change the given sentence from direct to indirect speech: Romana said to her friend, "Will you go to college?"
  1. ক
    Romana told her friend if she will go to college.
  2. খ
    Romana asks her friend if she would go to college.
  3. গ
    Romana asked her friend if she would go to college.
  4. ঘ
    Romana asked her friend if she will go to college.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Romana asked her friend if she would go to college.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Romana asked her friend if she would go to college.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
Sentence টি Interrogative sentence এ থাকলে,
- Reporting verb টি "ask", "inquire of", "want to know", "demand", "wonder" ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive এ পরিণত হয়।

• Interrogative sentence এ যদি W/H question word না থেকে যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তখন সেই বাক্যটিকে পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of বসে।
- Object বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- if/ whether বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- reported speech এর verb বসে।
- বাকি অংশ।

Structure: Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।

সেই অনুসারে সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে, Romana asked her friend if she would go to college.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৬৮৪.
My father said, "Water is wet." (make it indirect)
  1. ক
    My father said that water was wet.
  2. খ
    My father remarked that water had been wet.
  3. গ
    My father said that water is wet..
  4. ঘ
    My father advised that  water has been wet.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
My father said that water is wet..
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
My father said that water is wet..
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct narration: My father said, "Water is wet."
• Indirect narration: My father said that water is wet.

- Universal truth বা habitual fact প্রকাশ করায় বাক্যটির indirect narration গঠনের সময় verb-এর রূপ পরিবর্তন হবে না।

More Example:
Direct narration: My father said, "All that glitters is not gold."
Indirect narration: My father said that all that glitters is not gold.
৬৮৫.
She said, ''Let me come in.''
Which of the following is correct indirect form-
  1. ক
    ক) She requested that she may be allowed to come in
  2. খ
    খ) She requested that she might come in
  3. গ
    গ) She said that she come in
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) She requested that she may come in
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) She requested that she might come in
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) She requested that she might come in
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যের Reporting Verb টি Past tense হওয়ায় indirect form এ reported speech এ verb may না বসে might বসবে। তাই সঠিক উত্তর অপশন (খ)।
৬৮৬.
He said to me, "Can you lend me some money now?"
  1. ক
    ক) He asked me whether I could lend him some money then.
  2. খ
    খ) He asked me if I could lend him some money.
  3. গ
    গ) He asked me if I could lend him some money now.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) He asked me whether I could lend him some money now.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) He asked me whether I could lend him some money then.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) He asked me whether I could lend him some money then.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration:
Interrogative sentence যুক্ত direct speech কে indirect speech করার ক্ষেত্রে:
Structure: Subject + ask + object + if/whether + reported speech এর subject + tense অনুসারে verb + extension.
-  can থাকলে could হবে এবং Subject এর পরে বসবে।
- now থাকলে then হবে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - He asked me whether I could lend him some money then.
৬৮৭.
The passive form of the sentence ‘Enter the house by this gate’ is-
  1. ক
    ক) You are requested to enter the house by this gate
  2. খ
    খ) You should enter the house by this gate
  3. গ
    গ) Let the house be entered by this gate
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Let the house be entered by you by this gate
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) You are requested to enter the house by this gate
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) You are requested to enter the house by this gate
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
প্রশ্নোক্ত Imperative sentence টি request বোঝাচ্ছে বলে (ক) অপশন টি সঠিক। সাধারণত মেহমানদের বিনয়ের সাথে request করা হয়।
৬৮৮.
"Let's have a cup of tea, my friend," I said.
  1. ক
    Addressing him as my friend, I proposed that we will have a cup of tea.
  2. খ
    Addressing him as my friend, I told that we will have a cup of tea.
  3. গ
    Addressing him as my friend, I proposed that we should have a cup of tea.
  4. ঘ
    Addressing him as my friend, I asked that we should have a cup of tea.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Addressing him as my friend, I proposed that we should have a cup of tea.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Addressing him as my friend, I proposed that we should have a cup of tea.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: "Let's have a cup of tea, my friend," I said.
• Indirect: Addressing him as my friend, I proposed that we should have a cup of tea.

• Let দ্বারা শুরু imperative sentence -এর narration পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Let us দিয়ে শুরু হয়ে যখন কোনো proposal/suggestion (প্রস্তাব) বোঝায় তখন reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose/suggest হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে linker হিসেবে that বসে।
- পুনরায় subject হিসেবে they/we বসে।
- তারপর বাক্যে finite verb -এর আগে Modal auxiliary 'should' ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তারপর reported speech -এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Note: প্রস্তাবের ক্ষেত্রে Reporting verb -এর subject বা object টি first person হলে we এবং অন্যান্য ক্ষেত্রে they বসে।
- তবে suggest -এর ক্ষেত্রে suggest +gerund ব্যব্যহার করা যায়।

• Note-2: Direct Specch -এ reporting clause (I said) ইত্যাদি, reported speech -এর প্রথমে, মাঝখানে অথবা শেষে থাকতে পারে।
- কিন্তু Indirect speech -এ reporting clause সব সময় বাক্যের প্রথমে বসাতে হয়।

• Note-3: Direct Specch -এ ব্যবহৃত vocatives (সম্বোধন) পদগুলো Indirect speech -এ বাদ দেয়া যায়।
- তবে, যেসব ক্ষেত্রে বাদ দেয়া যায় না, কেবল সেখানে vocatives -কে Addressing as দ্বারা প্রকাশ করা হয়।

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৬৮৯.
Change it into indirect speech: "Are you smiling?" Rizvi asked her. 
  1. ক
    Rizvi asked to her that if she was smiling.
  2. খ
    Rizvi asked her that whether she was smiling.
  3. গ
    Rizvi asked her that if she is smiling.
  4. ঘ
    Rizvi asked her if she was smiling.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Rizvi asked her if she was smiling.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Rizvi asked her if she was smiling.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Narration:
Interrogative sentence যুক্ত direct speech কে indirect speech করার ক্ষেত্রে:

Structure: Subject + ask + object + if/whether + reported speech এর subject + tense অনুসারে verb + extension.

- এই বাক্যে reported verb টি present continuous tense হয়।
- তাই, indirect speech এ reported verb টি past continuous tense হবে।

Direct: "Are you smiling?" Rizvi asked her. 
Indirect: Rizvi asked her if she was smiling.
৬৯০.
Make it indirect.
The girl said, 'We ought to go.'
  1. ক
    The girl said that they ought to be went.
  2. খ
    The girl said that they should go.
  3. গ
    The girl said that they had to go.
  4. ঘ
    The girl said that they ought to go.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
The girl said that they ought to go.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
The girl said that they ought to go.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Must/ ought to/ should যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Must/ ought to/ should এই জাতীয় modal auxiliary গুলোর কোনো পরিবর্তন হবেনা।
- কখনোও কখনোও Must এর পরিবর্তে had to বসে।
- should এর জায়গায় subject এর person অনুযায়ী would বসে।
- Reported speech এর person সর্বদা Reported verb এর number, gender এবং person অনুযায়ী বসে।
- Direct: She said, 'We ought to go.'
- Indirect: She said that they ought to go.
- Reporting verb এর পর linker হিসাবে that বসবে।
- গঠন অনুসারে উপরের বাক্যে  Reported speech এ we হচ্ছে 1st person.
- তাই Indirect Speech এ তা পরিবর্তিত হয়ে হবে they.
- এরপর modal auxiliary হিসেবে ought to অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।

Source: Applied English Grammar & Composition By P.C.Das
৬৯১.
Do not disturb the class. (passive voice)
  1. ক
    Let not disturb the class.
  2. খ
    Let not the class be disturbed.
  3. গ
    Let not the class get disturbed.
  4. ঘ
    Let not the class being disturbed.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Let not the class be disturbed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Let not the class be disturbed.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice: Do not disturb the class.
Passive voice: Let not the class be disturbed.
- বাক্যটি একটি imperative sentence. Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice-এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে বাক্যের শুরুতে Let বসে। 

• Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে Passive Voice করতে হলে:
- বাক্যের শুরুতে Let বসে। 
- Active Voice এ Do not থাকলে Passive Voice এ শুধু not বসে।
- Active Voice এর Object – Subject এর স্থানে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

Other options:
ক) Let not disturb the class.
- ভুল কারণ, Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice-এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে be+ মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

গ) Let not the class get disturbed.
- ভুল কারণ, Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice-এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে be+ মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

ঘ) Let not the class being disturbed.
- ভুল কারণ, Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice-এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে be+ মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬৯২.
He said to me, ''Which item do you want?'' (Make it indirect)
  1. ক
    He told me which item I wanted.
  2. খ
    He said to me which item I wanted.
  3. গ
    He asked me which item did he want.
  4. ঘ
    He asked me which item I wanted.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He asked me which item I wanted.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He asked me which item I wanted.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: He said to me, ''Which item do you want?''
• Indirect: He asked me which item I wanted.

-  Reported speech এর অন্তর্গত Interrogative sentence টি যদি কোন Wh - question word দ্বারা শুরু হয়,তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে অর্থাৎ সেই Wh - question word টিই Conjunction হিসাবে বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি Auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে inverted comma তুলে, linker হিসেবে if/ whether বসবে।
- Direct speech- এ present Indefinite tense থাকলে Indirect narration এ তা past indefinite tense হয়।

- Structure : Sub + ask + object (যদি থাকে) + Interrogative Pronoun/Interrogative adverb + Reported speech এর Subject + Verb + বাকি অংশ।
৬৯৩.
She said that she had left the office long before. (Make it direct)
  1. ক
    She said, "I leave the office long ago."
  2. খ
    She said, "I left the office long ago."
  3. গ
    She said, "I had left the office long before."
  4. ঘ
    She said to that, "I left the office long before."
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
She said, "I left the office long ago."
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
She said, "I left the office long ago."
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Indirect: She said that she had left the office long before.
• Direct: She said, "I left the office long ago."

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Indirect এ before থাকলে direct এ তা পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ago হয়।
- আর long ago থাকলে verb এর past indefinite tense হয়।

• Structure:
- Indirect: Subject + said + that + past perfect (sub + had + past participle) + long before.
- Direct: Subject + said, + past indefinite (sub + past form) + long ago.
৬৯৪.
They appointed him president. (passive)
  1. ক
    President was appointed him by them.
  2. খ
    He was appointed president by them.
  3. গ
    He appointed president by them.
  4. ঘ
    President was him appointed by them.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
He was appointed president by them.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
He was appointed president by them.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - খ) He was appointed president by them.

Transitive verb-এর পরের complement (যেমন secretary, captain, president ইত্যাদি) active ও passive দুই voice-এই complement থাকে, subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে না।
যেমনঃ
- Active: We elected him secretary
- Passive: He was elected secretary by us.
- (Incorrect): Secretary was elected he by us.

Other options:
ক) President was appointed him by them.
বাক্য গঠনের ভুল: "President" কে subject করা ঠিক নয়, এবং “him” এর অবস্থানও ভুল।

গ) He appointed president by them.
“appointed” এর আগে auxiliary verb “was” নেই, এবং structure ভুল।

ঘ) President was him appointed by them.
শব্দগুলোর ক্রম সম্পূর্ণভাবে বিভ্রান্তিকর এবং grammar ভুল।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৬৯৫.
Rubel said, "Hurrah! I have won the match." (make it indirect)
  1. ক
    Rubel exclaimed with grief that he had won the match.
  2. খ
    Rubel exclaimed with joy that he had won the match.
  3. গ
    Rubel said that he had won the match.
  4. ঘ
    Rubel bade that he had won the match.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Rubel exclaimed with joy that he had won the match.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Rubel exclaimed with joy that he had won the match.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Speech এ আনন্দ বুঝালে:
- subject + reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে exclaim / exclaimed with joy বসে। (দুঃখ বুঝালে exclaim / exclaimed with sorrow or grief বসে।)
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- reporting verb অনুযায়ী reported speech এর verb বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসে (যদি থাকে)।

• Direct speech: Rubel said, "Hurrah! I have won the match."
• Indirect speech: Rubel exclaimed with joy that he had won the match.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬৯৬.
The rose is the ____ of all flowers.
  1. ক
    ক) sweetest
  2. খ
    খ) most sweetest
  3. গ
    গ) more sweet
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) sweeter
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) sweetest
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) sweetest
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Sweet এর Superlative degree হলো sweetest. এর পূর্বে more/most হবে না।
অর্থাৎ, সঠিক বাক্যটি হবেঃ
The rose is the sweetest of all flowers.
৬৯৭.
Change the voice of "Whom do you admire?"
  1. ক
    Who do you admire?
  2. খ
    By whom are you admired?
  3. গ
    Who is admired by you?
  4. ঘ
    Whom are you admired by?
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Who is admired by you?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Who is admired by you?
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
→ Correct Answer: Who is admired by you?

• Active Voice: Whom do you admire?
• Passive Voice: Who is admired by you?

⇒ কোনো interrogative sentence যদি Whom দিয়ে শুরু হয়, সেটিকে Passive Voice-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়:
→ Whom-এর পরিবর্তে Who বসাতে হবে।
→ বাক্যের Subject এবং Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
→ মূল Verb-এর Past Participle ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
→ শেষে by যোগ করে Active Voice-এর Subject-এর Object Form যোগ করতে হবে।
→ বাক্যটি Question Mark (?) দিয়ে শেষ করতে হবে।

Structure: Who + auxiliary verb (tense অনুযায়ী) + verb-এর past participle + by + object + ?

Examples:
Active Voice: Whom do you want?
Passive Voice: Who is wanted by you?
৬৯৮.
The passive form of the sentence, "Who did the work?" is -
  1. ক
    By whom the work was done?
  2. খ
    Whom had the work done by?
  3. গ
    By whom was the work done?
  4. ঘ
    Who was the work done?
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
By whom was the work done?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
By whom was the work done?
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is: গ) By whom was the work done?

• Who - এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমেই By whom বসবে।
- তারপর Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসবে।
- তারপর active voice- এর object টি passive voice - এর subject হবে।
- তারপর মূল verb - এর past participle বসবে।
- Sentence টি interrogative sentence - এ-ই থাকবে, তাই শেষে interrogative চিহ্ন '?'  বসবে।

Active voice: Who did the sum?
Passive voice: By whom was the sum done?

Active: Who did the work?
Passive: By whom was the work done? 

অন্য অপশনগুলো ভুল:
ক) By whom the work was done?
- Interrogative structure ভুল।
- Question form এ auxiliary verb আগে আসে।

খ) Whom had the work done by?
- ভুল tense এবং structure.

ঘ) Who was the work done? 
- অর্থ ও structure—দুটোই ভুল।
-"Who" ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে, কিন্তু passive voice-এ subject “by whom” হওয়া উচিত।
- "by" preposition নেই।

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬৯৯.
The teacher said 'Be quiet'. Change into indirect-
  1. ক
    The teacher ordered them to be quiet.
  2. খ
    The teacher instructed to be quiet.
  3. গ
    The teacher requested them to be quiet.
  4. ঘ
    The teacher asked them to be quiet.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The teacher ordered them to be quiet.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The teacher ordered them to be quiet.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Subject + request/ order/ advice/beg / forbid বসে।
- object বসে।
- to + reported speech এর মুল verb থাকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।
- reported verb- টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order/ command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হবে।
        
• Direct speech: The teacher said, 'Be quiet'.
• Indirect speech: The teacher ordered them to be quiet.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭০০.
Let the best answer be chosen. (make it active)
  1. ক
    Chose the best answer.
  2. খ
    The best answer is chosen.
  3. গ
    Choose the best answer.
  4. ঘ
    Choose the answer.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Choose the best answer.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Choose the best answer.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Let যুক্ত Sentence এর Passive Voice থেকে Active Voice এর রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- যেহেতু প্রদত্ত Sentence টি Let দিয়ে শুরু হয়েছে তাই Sentence টিকে Imperative Sentence (passive voice) এ দেয়া আছে। 
- Active Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে প্রথমে Let উঠে গিয়ে মূল Verb এর Base Form বসবে।
- be উঠে যাবে।
- Passive Voice এর Subject টি Active Voice এ Object হিসেবে বসে।

Passive Voice: Let the best answer be chosen.
Active Voice: Choose the best answer.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.