বিষয়সমূহ

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Voice, Narration and Degree

মোট প্রশ্ন১,৩৫৬এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
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উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Voice, Narration and Degree

PrepBank · পাতা / ১৪ · ৫০১৬০০ / ১,৩৫৬

৫০১.
Change the speech: He told me to open the window.
  1. He told to me, "Open the window."
  2. He said me, "Open the window."
  3. He said to me, "Open the window."
  4. He said to me, " Do open the window."
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said to me, "Open the window."
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said to me, "Open the window."
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: He said to me, "Open the window."
- Indirect: He told me to open the window.

• Imperative sentence-এর Direct speech করতে হলে told/ requested/ ordered/ commanded এর জায়গায় said to বসে।
- told me থাকলে said to হয়।
- এবং indirect speech এর 'to' উঠে যায়৷
- Inverted comma " " -এর মধ্যে Imperative sentence টি বসে।

- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী, Direct specch টি হবে- He said to me, "Open the window."

More example:
- Indirect: She told me to stand up.
- Direct: She said to me, ''Stand up''

৫০২.
He said, “ I can do the work”. The indirect narration of the sentence is-
  1. He said that he can do the work
  2. He said that I could do the work
  3. He said that I will do the work
  4. He said that he could do the work
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that he could do the work
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that he could do the work
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct indirect narration is– He said that he could do the work.

- Reporting Verb Past tense এ হলে Indirect narration করার সময় reported speech এর subject ,reporting verb এর subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে এবং reported speech এর verb এর ও পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- যেহেতু reporting verb এর Subject He এবং verb টি past tense এ আছে তাই reporting speech এর subject হবে He এবং verb টি হবে past form এ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে হবে Could.

সে অনুযায়ী correct answer হলো Option ঘ) He said that he could do the work.

৫০৩.
He said to me, "Let us meet for coffee." (change the narration)
  1. He suggested me that we should meet for coffee.
  2. He suggested to me we should meet for coffee.
  3. He suggested to me that we should met for coffee.
  4. He suggested to me that we should meet for coffee.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He suggested to me that we should meet for coffee.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He suggested to me that we should meet for coffee.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct: He said to me, "Let us meet for coffee."
Indirect: He suggested to me that we should meet for coffee.

• Let এর ব্যবহার: 
- let যখন proposal কিংবা suggestion অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন reporting verb এ propose’ কিংবা ‘suggest’ বসে। 
- বাক্যে finite verb এর আগে Modal auxiliary ‘should’ ব্যবহৃত হয়। 
- দুইটি বাক্যকে যুক্ত করতে ‘that’ বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Example:
Direct: He said to me, “Let us go home.”
Indirect: He proposed to me that we should go home.
৫০৪.
Choose the correct indirect form:
She said, "Are you happy in your new office?"
  1. She asked whether I had been happy in my new office.
  2. She asked if I were happy in my new office.
  3. She asked whether I was happy in my new office.
  4. She asked whether I am happy in my new office.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She asked whether I was happy in my new office.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She asked whether I was happy in my new office.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech: She said, "Are you happy in your new office?"
• Indirect speech: She asked whether I was happy in my new office.

• Interrogative Sentence এর Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb “said” - এর পরিবর্তে প্রশ্ন করা অর্থে asked বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি Wh word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh - question word টিই conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসবে।
- তারপর Direct speech - এ present continuous tense থাকলে Indirect speech - এ তা past continuous tense হবে + বাকি অংশ বসবে।

• Structure: Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) + linker word + Reported speech - এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

• Note:
Interrogative sentence টি Indirect speech - এ সবসময় assertive sentence - এ পরিণত হবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৫০৫.
Change the voice: By whom was the painting made?
  1. The painting was made by who?
  2. Who made the painting?
  3. Who has made the painting?
  4. Who can made the painting?
সঠিক উত্তর:
Who made the painting?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Who made the painting?
ব্যাখ্যা
• Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,
 • Passive Voice এ By whom থাকলে Active Voice করতে হলে –
- Subject হিসেবে Who বসে।
- কোনো Modal Auxiliary থাকলে তা who এর পরে বসবে। (এক্ষেত্রে কোন Modal Auxiliary নেই),
- be বাদ যাবে।
- বাদ যাওয়া be verb যে Form এ ছিল, মূল Verb- ঐ form এ বসবে।
- এখানে was, past form এ রয়েছে তাই মূল Verb - made হবে।
- Passive Voice এর Subject - Object হয়ে বসবে।

Correct answer: Who made the painting?
৫০৬.
Change the narration: Rohim said, 'Let me have some food.'
  1. Rohim wished that he might have some food.
  2. Rohim wanted to have some food.
  3. Rohim proposed to have some food.
  4. Rohim asked to have some food.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rohim wished that he might have some food.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rohim wished that he might have some food.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Let যুক্ত imperative sentence কে direct থেকে indirect করার নিয়ম:

- Reported speech "Let me/him/her" দিয়ে শুরু হলে indirect করার সময় said/wished/desired হবে।
- এবং এর পরে that + sub + might/should + Verb এর (base form) বসবে।

Direct: Rohim said, 'Let me have some food.'
Indirect: Rohim wished that he might have some food.
৫০৭.
Raju said to me, ‘Wait until I come.’ বাক্যটির Indirect speech হবে-
  1. ক) Raju asked me to wait until he comes.
  2. খ) Raju asked me to wait until he came.
  3. গ) Raju told me to wait until he has come.
  4. ঘ) Raju told me for wait until he has returned.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Raju asked me to wait until he came.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Raju asked me to wait until he came.
ব্যাখ্যা

প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যে Reporting verb- 'said'.
Reported speech- 'Wait until I come'.
Reporting verb ‘past tense’ এ আছে এবং Reported speech ‘present indefinite tense’ এ আছে।
তাই Indirect speech এ Reported speech পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘past indefinite tense’ হবে।
শুধু অপশন (খ) তে Reported speech ‘past indefinite tense’ এ আছে, তাই এটিই সঠিক উত্তর।

৫০৮.
Choose the correct direct speech for: 'He asked me what time the train had left.'
  1. He said to me, "What time does the train been leave?"
  2. He asked me, "What time the train left?"
  3. He said to me, "What time had the train left?"
  4. He asked me, "What time did the train leave?"
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me, "What time did the train leave?"
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me, "What time did the train leave?"
ব্যাখ্যা
Indirect Speech: 'He asked me what time the train had left.'
Direct Speech: He asked me, "What time did the train leave?"

• Indirect Speech-এ "had left" অতীতকাল (Past Perfect Tense) নির্দেশ করে, যা Direct Speech-এ "did leave" (Past Simple Tense) এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
Structure Change: Subject + had + past participle (Indirect Speech) → Did + subject + base verb (Direct Speech).

উদাহরণ:
Indirect Speech: He asked me if I had finished my work.
Direct Speech: He asked me, "Did you finish your work?"

Indirect Speech: She asked where they had gone.
Direct Speech: She asked, "Where did they go?"

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৫০৯.
Which of the following is the correct indirect form of the given direct speech: : 'How long will you carry me?' He said to me.
  1. ক) He asked me how long he will carry me.
  2. খ) He asked me how long I would carry him.
  3. গ) He asked me how long would he carry me.
  4. ঘ) He asked me how long he should carry me.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) He asked me how long I would carry him.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) He asked me how long I would carry him.
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর হবে - He asked me how long I would carry him.
• Subject + ask + object (যদি থাকে) + interrogative pronoun/interrogative adverb + Reported speech এর subject + verb + বাকী অংশ।
৫১০.
She said. "Please don't go away" (Make it indirect)
  1. She pleaded that I not go away.
  2. She requested me not to go away.
  3. She begged that I not go away.
  4. She told me to go away.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She requested me not to go away.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She requested me not to go away.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Reported speech এ যদি আদেশ, উপদেশ বা অনুরোধ সূচক বাক্য থাকে, তাহলে indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের সময়: 
- sub + requested/ asked/ ordered + obj + to + verb + ext. এই structure অনুসরণ করা হয়।
- সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর হবে, She requested me not to go away.
৫১১.
Choose the correct indirect form of the following sentence: He said to me, “I don't believe you”.
  1. ক) He said that he didn't believe you
  2. খ) He said he hadn't believe me
  3. গ) He told me that he didn't believe me.
  4. ঘ) He told me he wouldn't believe me.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) He told me that he didn't believe me.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) He told me that he didn't believe me.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct narration এর reporting verb টি past tense এ থাকলে indirect narration করার ক্ষেত্রে reported speech ও past tense হবে।
৫১২.
Change into reported form: She said to me, 'Why don't you came on Monday?'
  1. She told me to not go Monday.
  2. She said me why did not she go on Monday.
  3. She asked me why I did not go on Monday.
  4. She asked me not to go that day.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She asked me why I did not go on Monday.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She asked me why I did not go on Monday.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Structure : Sub + ask + object (যদি থাকে) + Interrogative Pronoun/
Interrogative adverb + Reported speech এর Subject + Verb + বাকি অংশ।

যেমন:
Direct: “What do you want?” She asked him.
Indirect: She asked him what he wanted.
Direct: He said to me, ''Where do you live?''
Indirect: He asked me where I lived.
Direct: He said to me, 'When did you come here'
Indirect: He asked me when I had gone there.
Direct: She said to me, 'Why don't you came on Monday'?
Indirect: She asked me why I did not go on Monday.
৫১৩.
Change the sentence into indirect speech: I said to him, "Let us play."
  1. ক) I suggested him play.
  2. খ) I suggest him playing.
  3. গ) I suggested him playing.
  4. ঘ) I suggest him to play.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) I suggested him playing.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) I suggested him playing.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech এ Let us থাকলে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 
- Subject + propose/suggest (tense অনুযায়ী) + object + reporting speech এর মূল verb এর সাথে ing + বাকী অংশ।
Example:
Direct: I said to him, "Let us play."
Indirect: I suggested him playing.

Direct: We said to the chairman, "Let us drop the matter."
Indirect: We proposed the chairman dropping the matter.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৫১৪.
The correct passive form of "Did you see the man?" is:
  1. Has the man been seen by you?
  2. Is the man seen by you?
  3. Was the man seen by you?
  4. Are you seen by the man
সঠিক উত্তর:
Was the man seen by you?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Was the man seen by you?
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - গ) Was the man seen by you?

- Interrogative Sentence-এর Passive Voice- এর Interrogative Sentence হয়।
- এ ধরণের বাক্য যদি Do Verb দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তাহলে প্রথমে তাকে Assertive Sentence-এ পরিণত করে তারপর তাকে Interrogative Sentence-এ পরিবর্তন করা সুবিধাজনক।

Do/Does/Did দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া Interrogative sentence-এর Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active: Do/Does/Did + subject + verb (base form) + object ?
- Passive: am/is/are/was/were + object + V3 + by + subject +?

Examples
- Active: Did you see the man? 
- Passive: Was the man seen by you? 

Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition by P. C. DAS.
৫১৫.
Whom is he teaching English? (make it passive)
  1. Who was being taught English by him?
  2. Who is English being taught by him?
  3. Who English is being taught by him?
  4. Who is being taught English by him?
সঠিক উত্তর:
Who is being taught English by him?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Who is being taught English by him?
ব্যাখ্যা
Whom যুক্ত interrogative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice- এ রুপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Whom এর পরিবর্তের Passive voice টিতে Who বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে।
- Active Voice এ মূল verb এর সাথে ing থাকলে Passive Voice এ Being হবে। 
- মুল verb এর Past Participle Form + বাকি অংশ বসে।
- by বসে।
- Subject এর Object form বসে।
- প্রশ্নবোধক (?) চিহ্ন বসে।

Active Voice: Whom is he teaching English?
Passive Voice: Who is being taught English by him?

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৫১৬.
He said ''I shall go to office''. Indirect form is -
  1. ক) He said that he shall go to office
  2. খ) He said that he would go to office
  3. গ) He said that he will go to office
  4. ঘ) He said that he should go to office
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) He said that he would go to office
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) He said that he would go to office
ব্যাখ্যা

পরিবর্তনসমূহ: 1. Reporting verb এর: said = said
2. Linker এর: that
3. Person এর: I = he
4. verb-এর: shall go = would go

৫১৭.
The full-sleeve shirt is _________ than we thought.
  1. ক) Cheep
  2. খ) cheap
  3. গ) cheaper
  4. ঘ) cheapest
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) cheaper
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) cheaper
ব্যাখ্যা
প্রদত্ত বাক্যে ’than’ থাকায় শূন্যস্থানে adjective (cheap) এর comparative form ‘cheaper’ বসবে।

- দুয়ের মধ্যে তুলনা বুঝালে adjective এর comparative form হয়।
- অপরদিকে, দুয়ের বেশি হলে superlative form ব্যবহার করতে হয়। 

সুতরাং, সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে: The full-sleeve shirt is than we thought. 


৫১৮.
A new park _______ next to the school.
  1. developing
  2. being developed
  3. is being developed
  4. is developing
সঠিক উত্তর:
is being developed
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
is being developed
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে - is being developed
- Complete sentence: A new park is being developed next to the school.

- বাক্যটি passive voice এ আছে।
- তাই সঠিক verb হবে is being developed.
- In this passive voice, present continuous tense.
- It indicates that the development of the park is currently in progress and that the focus is on the action being done to the park, rather than who is doing it.
৫১৯.
Who has stolen my umbrella? (Make it passive)
  1. By who has my umbrella been stolen?
  2. By whom has my umbrella been stolen?
  3. By who have my umbrella been stolen?
  4. By whom have my umbrella been stolen?
সঠিক উত্তর:
By whom has my umbrella been stolen?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
By whom has my umbrella been stolen?
ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Who has stolen my umbrella?
Passive: By whom has my umbrella been stolen?
- এখানে বাক্যটি Present Perfect Tense-এ আছে। যেহেতু "my umbrella" একটি Third Person Singular Number, তাই Passive করার সময় এর সাথে "has been" বসবে।

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এর রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হবে।
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- অনেক সময় be/ being/ been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Question mark (?) হয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫২০.
Choose the appropriate indirect speech of - The teacher said to the students, "Go out of the class room."
  1. ক) The teacher is told the students to go out of the class room.
  2. খ) The teacher requests the students to go out of the class room.
  3. গ) The teacher tells the students to go out of the class room.
  4. ঘ) The teacher ordered the students to go out of the class room.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) The teacher ordered the students to go out of the class room.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) The teacher ordered the students to go out of the class room.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Imperative sentence এ 
- Reporting verb টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, তা না হলে tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে 
- reported speech এর মুল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে

Structure: Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মুল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে। 

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটির সঠিক indirect speech হবে - The teacher ordered the students to go out of the class room.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৫২১.
The iPhone is one of the most popular smartphones globally. (Make it comparative)
  1. The iPhone is more popular than all other smartphone globally.
  2. The iPhone is more popular than many other smartphone globally.
  3. The iPhone is more popular than most other smartphones globally.
  4. The iPhone is more popular than any other smartphones globally.
  5. The iPhone is more popular than all other smartphones globally.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The iPhone is more popular than most other smartphones globally.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The iPhone is more popular than most other smartphones globally.
ব্যাখ্যা
One of the যুক্ত superlative কে Comparative করতে -
- Superlative sentence এর প্রথম subject টি প্রথমে বসে + verb বসবে +এরপর one of the বাদ যাবে + superlative degree এর comparative form বসে + than most other বসবে এবং সবশেষে superlative sentence টির বাকি অংশ বসবে। 
- যেমন -
Superlative: The marathon is one of the longest Olympic running events.
Comparative: The marathon is longer than most other Olympic running events.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Superlative: The iPhone is one of the most popular smartphones globally.
Comparative: The iPhone is more popular than most other smartphones globally. 

• অন্যদিকে,
• Of all যুক্ত sentence কে comparative করার নিয়ম - 
- প্রথম subject প্রথমেই + verb + superlative এর comparative form + than all other + বাকি অংশ। 
- সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- Superlative sentence: : The iPhone is most popular of all smartphones globally.
- Comparative sentence: : The iPhone is more popula than all the other smartphones globally.
৫২২.
Find the indirect speech: She said, "Are you going to the school?"
  1. She asked if she was going to the school.
  2. She asked if I was going to the school.
  3. She asked if she is going to the school.
  4. She asked if I had to going to the school.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She asked if I was going to the school.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She asked if I was going to the school.
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর option B - She asked if I was going to the school.

• প্রদত্ত sentence টি direct speech - এ interrogative sentence আছে,
 - Interrogative sentence - এর speech পরিবর্তন করার ক্ষেত্রে - 

- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb “said” - এর পরিবর্তে প্রশ্ন করা অর্থে asked বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি Wh word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh - question word টিই conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসবে।
- তারপর Direct speech - এ present continuous tense থাকলে Indirect speech - এ তা past continuous tense হবে + বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Note: Interrogative sentence টি Indirect speech - এ সবসময় assertive  sentence - এ পরিণত হবে।

Structure: Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) + linker word + Reported speech - এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

Direct speech: She said, "Are you going to the school?"
Indirect speech: She asked if I was going to the school.

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৫২৩.
He was called imprudent. (Active Voice)
  1. Imprudent was called him.
  2. It was imprudent which was called to him.
  3. People called him an imprudent.
  4. People called him imprudent.
সঠিক উত্তর:
People called him imprudent.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
People called him imprudent.
ব্যাখ্যা
Passive Voice: He was called imprudent.
Active Voice: People called him imprudent.

• আমজনতার সাথে Related কাজ হলে Subject হিসেবে People বসাতে হবে।
→ প্রথমে People বসাতে হবে।
→ মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb 'was' বাদ যাবে।
→ মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb এর গঠন অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
→  Subject টি Object হবে।
→ বাকি অংশ বসবে।

More Example:
Passive Voice: He was called wise.
Active Voice: People called him wise.
৫২৪.
'Rafiq called me a liar'- বাক্যটির direct speech হবে-
  1. Rafiq told me, 'You are a liar'.
  2. Rafiq say to me, 'You are a liar'.
  3. Rafiq said to me, 'You were a liar'.
  4. Rafiq said to me, 'You are a liar'.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rafiq said to me, 'You are a liar'.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rafiq said to me, 'You are a liar'.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে, 
- Indirect speech এ reported speech টি past indefinite এ হওয়ায় direct speech এ তা present indefinite এ হবে।
- Indirect speech এ called me থাকলে direct speech এ তা said to হয়।
- তারপর কমা বসবে। 
- তারপর inverted comma এর ভিতর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Correct answer: Rafiq said to me, 'You are a liar'.
৫২৫.
Identify the indirect speech of the sentence: He said to her, “Good night”.
  1. He bade her good night.
  2. He said her good night.
  3. He told her good night.
  4. He wished her good night.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He bade her good night.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He bade her good night.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: He bade her good night.
- "
Good night" যুক্ত  Direct Speech কে  indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার জন্য, reporting verb হিসেবে "bade" ব্যবহার করা হয়। 

• Direct speech এ Good Night থাকলে Indirect করার নিয়ম - 
- Reporting Verb এর Subject + Bade + Good Night/Good bye বসে। 
- বিদায় সম্ভাষন শব্দের জন্য Bade এবং সাক্ষাৎকালীন সম্ভাষন Good Morning এর জন্য wish ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Other options:
খ) He said her good night.
- Direct speech এ good night থাকলে Indirect করার সময় reporting verb হিসেবে "wished" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

গ) He told her good night.
-  Direct speech এ good night থাকলে Indirect করার সময় reporting verb হিসেবে "wished" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।তাই এখানে told   এর ব্যবহার সঠিক নয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain

৫২৬.
The teacher said, 'I shall not teach him English.' বাক্যের indirect speech হচ্ছে -
  1. The teacher said he would not teach him English.
  2. The teacher said that he would not teach him English.
  3. The teacher said that he will not teach him English.
  4. The teacher said that he would not taught him English.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher said that he would not teach him English.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher said that he would not teach him English.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তর করার ক্ষেত্রে tense অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
- আলোচ্য বাক্যে Direct Speech টি Past tense এ থাকায় Indirect করার সময়ও Past tense এই হবে।
- Will এর পরিবর্তে Would হবে।
- Said এর পর Indirect Speech এর নিয়ম অনুযায়ী that বসবে।

• সুতরাং সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে, The teacher said that he would not teach him English.

Source: Advanced Learner's Grammar And Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain
৫২৭.
Rajib said to Imran, "Will you join me for dinner? (Change the speech)
  1. Rajib asked Imran that will he join him for dinner.
  2. Rajib asked Imran whether he joined him for dinner.
  3. Rajib asked Imran if he would join him for dinner.
  4. Rajib asked Imran if he joined him for dinner.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rajib asked Imran if he would join him for dinner.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rajib asked Imran if he would join him for dinner.
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর option C - Rajib asked Imran if he would join him for dinner.

• প্রদত্ত sentence টি direct speech - এ interrogative sentence আছে,

Interrogative sentence - এর speech পরিবর্তন করার ক্ষেত্রে -
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb টি ask, inquire of, want to know, demand, wonder ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি Wh word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh - question word টিই conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসবে।
- তারপর Tense অনুযায়ী verb + বাকি অংশ বসবে।

- Tense অনুযায়ী Verb -এর পরিবর্তন: will বা shall কে would বা should-এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়।
- Pronoun পরিবর্তন: বাক্যের মধ্যে ব্যবহৃত pronoun-গুলি উপযুক্ত রূপে পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
• যেমন:
- "me" কে "him"-এ পরিবর্তন করা হয়েছে।

Note: Interrogative sentence টি Indirect speech - এ সবসময় assertive sentence - এ পরিণত হবে।

Structure: Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object (যদি থাকে) + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।

More Example:
- Direct: Promi said to her friend, "Will you go home?"
- Indirect: Promi asked her friend if she would go home

- Direct speech: She said, "Are you going to the school?"
- Indirect speech: She asked if I was going to the school.

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৫২৮.
Rahi said, "Alas! I am undone." (Indirect)
  1. Rahi exclaimed she was undone.
  2. Rahi exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone.
  3. Rahi said with grief that she is undone.
  4. Rahi exclaimed with sorrow that she were undone.
  5. Rahi said with sorrow that she has undone.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rahi exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rahi exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Exclamatory sentence কে Indirect speech এ রুপান্তর এর সময়:

- Direct speech দ্বারা আনন্দ বুঝালে Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে exclaimed with joy আর দুঃখ বুঝালে exclaimed with sorrow or grief ইত্যাদি হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting verb অনুযায়ী reported speech এর verb বসে।
- very/great বসে।
- adjective বসে।
- বাকী অংশ (যদি থাকে) বসে।

• Structure: Subject + exclaimed with joy/exclaimed with sorrow + that + Reported speech এর Subject + Reporting verb অনুযায়ী reported speech এর verb + very/great + adjective + বাকী অংশ (যদি থাকে)।

Direct speech: Rahi said, "Alas! I am undone."
Indirect speech: Rahi exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone.
৫২৯.
Who gave you the book? (Make it passive)
  1. ক) By whom had you given the book?
  2. খ) By whom were you given the book?
  3. গ) By whom you were given the book?
  4. ঘ) By whom had you been given the book
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) By whom were you given the book?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) By whom were you given the book?
ব্যাখ্যা
• Who দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া interrogative sentence কে  passive করতে হলে -
- Who এর স্থানে By whom বসে।
- এরপর বাক্যটির tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary/ be verb,
- তারপর subject এবং
- verb এর past participle form
- এবং সবশেষে object বসবে। 
Structure: By whom + auxiliary verb + Subject + verb এর past participle রূপ + object.

সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর -By whom were you given the book?
৫৩০.
Choose the correct indirect form of:
Salman said to her, "I don't care about what everyone else says."
  1. Salman told her that he didn't care about what everyone else said.
  2. Salman told her that he doesn't care about what everyone else says.
  3. Salman told her that he didn't care about what everyone else says.
  4. Salman told her that I didn't care about what everyone else said.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Salman told her that he didn't care about what everyone else said.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Salman told her that he didn't care about what everyone else said.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Narration: Salman said to her, "I don't care about what everyone else says."
• Indirect Narration: Salman told her that he didn't care about what everyone else said.

• Assertive sentence -এর Direct narration থেকে Indirect narration -এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb -এর subject বসে।
- তারপর Reporting verb - 'said to + object' থাকলে Indirect -এ 'told + object' বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech -এর subject এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়,
- Reported speech -এর 1st person (I) সবসময় Reporting verb -এর subject -এর number, person, ও gender অনুসারে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Direct narration -এ Reported speech -এর verb যদি present indefinite tense -এ থাকে তাহলে Indirect narration -এ past indefinite tense -এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে।

• Structure: Sub + told + object (যদি থাকে) + that + Reported speech -এর subject + verb (tense অনুযায়ী) + বাকি অংশ।

• Note: Reported speech -এ complex sentence -এর উভয় clause -এ verb থাকলে, উভয়েরই speech পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৫৩১.
The old man said to me, "May ALLAH help you in your life." (make it indirect)
  1. The old man hoped that ALLAH may help me in my life.
  2. The old man wished that ALLAH might help me in my life.
  3. The old man prayed that ALLAH help me in my life. 
  4. The old man said that might ALLAH help me in my life.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The old man wished that ALLAH might help me in my life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The old man wished that ALLAH might help me in my life.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Optative Sentence এর Direct speech থাকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- reporting clause এর subject বসে।
- reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে (wish/wished)/ (pray/prayed) বসে।
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
may/ might (past form) বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Direct speech: The old man said to me, "May ALLAH help you in your life."
• Indirect speech: The old man wished that ALLAH might help me in my life.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain

৫৩২.
He said to me, “Are you working today'? (Make it indirect)
  1. He asked to me if I was working that day.
  2. He asked me if I was working that day.
  3. He asked to me whether I was working that day.
  4. He asked me if I was working today.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me if I was working that day.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me if I was working that day.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Interrogative sentence কে direct থেকে indirect Narration-এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম-
- Reporting verb টি ask, demand of, enquire of, want to know, wonder এ পরিবর্তন হয়।
- Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে linker হিসেবে if/ whether বসবে।
- Reported speech এর অন্তর্গত interrogative sentence টি WH-question word দ্বারা শুরু হয়, তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
- অর্থাৎ সেই WH-question word টিই বসবে।
- direct speech এর interrogative sentence টি indirect এ Assertive sentences এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।

• Structure:
- Subject + ask + object + if/whether + reported speech এর subject + Tense অনুসারে verb + extension.

• নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর -He asked me if I was working that day.
- Direct এ today থাকলে indirect এ that day হয়।
- Reported verb টি present continuous tense.
- তাই, indirect speech এ reported verb টি past continuous tense হবে।
৫৩৩.
He said to me, "You ate rice". What will be the indirect form of this sentence?
  1. He told me that I had eaten rice.
  2. He told me that ate rice.
  3. He told me that I have eaten rice.
  4. He told me that I would have eaten rice.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He told me that I had eaten rice.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He told me that I had eaten rice.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct speech: He  to said me, "you ate rice".
• Indirect speech: He told me that I had eaten rice.

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে, 
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Said to থাকলে indirect speech এ told হবে এবং reporting verb এর tense কে অনুসরণ করে indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

Rules for changing to indirect speech:

said to → told,
you → I (because the reporting person is “me”),
ate → had eaten (simple past → past perfect).

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain. 

৫৩৪.
He said to me, "What are you planning for the weekend?" - Indirect
  1. He told me what I was planning for the weekend.
  2. He asked me what I am planning for the weekend.
  3. He asked me what I was planning for the weekend.
  4. He asked me what I had planned for the weekend.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me what I was planning for the weekend.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me what I was planning for the weekend.
ব্যাখ্যা
• The correct indirect form is: He asked me what I was planning for the weekend.

- প্রদত্ত sentence টি direct speech - এ interrogative sentence আছে.

• Interrogative sentence - এর speech পরিবর্তন করার ক্ষেত্রে -

- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb “said” - এর পরিবর্তে asked বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।

- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি Wh word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh - question word টিই conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।

- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসবে।
- Direct speech টি- present continuous tense -এ থাকলে Indirect speech - এ, তা past continuous tense -এ পরিণত হবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Note: Interrogative sentence টি Indirect speech - এ সবসময় assertive sentence - এ পরিণত হবে।

Structure: Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) + linker word + Reported speech - এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

• যেমন:
Direct speech: He said to me, "What are you planning for the weekend?"
Indirect speech: He asked me what I was planning for the weekend.

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৫৩৫.
June said to Waker, "Will you help me with this project?"
  1. June asked Waker will she would help her with that project.
  2. June asked Waker if she would helped her with that project.
  3. June asked Waker if she would help her with that project.
  4. June asked Waker if she helped her with that project.
সঠিক উত্তর:
June asked Waker if she would help her with that project.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
June asked Waker if she would help her with that project.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: June asked Waker if she would help her with that project.

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
Sentence টি Interrogative sentence এ থাকলে,
- Reporting verb টি ask, inquire of, want to know, demand, wonder ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive এ পরিণত হয়।

• Interrogative sentence এ যদি W/H question word না থেকে যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তখন সেই বাক্যটিকে পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of বসে।
- Object বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- if/ whether বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- reported speech এর verb বসে।
- বাকি অংশ।

Structure: Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।

Direct: Promi said to her friend, "Will you go home?"
Indirect: Promi asked her friend if she would go home.

Direct: June said to Waker, "Will you help me with this project?"
Indirect: June asked Waker if she would help her with that project.

৫৩৬.
Rina said, 'Let me have some rest.' (make it indirect)
  1. Rina wished that she might have some rest.
  2. Rina wanted to have some rest.
  3. Rina proposed to have some rest.
  4. Rina asked to have some rest.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rina wished that she might have some rest.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rina wished that she might have some rest.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Let যুক্ত imperative sentence কে direct থেকে indirect করার নিয়ম:

- Reported speech "Let me/him/her" দিয়ে শুরু হলে indirect করার সময় said/wished/desired হবে।
- এবং এর পরে that + sub + might/should + Verb এর (base form) বসবে।

Direct: Rina said, 'Let me have some rest.'
Indirect: Rina wished that she might have some rest.
৫৩৭.
Transform the sentences as per directions given in brackets:
Very few poets of England are as great as Milton. (Superlative)
  1. ক) Milton is one of the greatest poets of England.
  2. খ) Many other poets of England are as great as Milton.
  3. গ) Milton is not greater than most other poets of England.
  4. ঘ) All other poets of England are not less great than Milton.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Milton is one of the greatest poets of England.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Milton is one of the greatest poets of England.
ব্যাখ্যা
The given sentence uses the positive degree of the adjective 'Great'.
The superlative degree of the given adjective is 'Greatest.

To convert a positive degree into superlative degree, we use the structure:
Clause 2 + Superlative degree + Clause 1.
Example:
No other girl is as brave as Sheela. (Positive)
Sheela is the bravest girl in class.(Superlative)
Here, the sentence uses the phrase 'very few', which suggests that Milton is 'part of a group that is the best'.
So, the sentence becomes: Milton is one of the greatest poets of England.
৫৩৮.
The more you read, ____ you learn.
  1. little
  2. the many
  3. the more
  4. better
সঠিক উত্তর:
the more
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
the more
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - গ) the more.
Complete sentence: The more you read, the more you learn.

Comparative Degree:
- দুটি noun বা pronoun- এর দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা প্রভৃতির তুলনা করতে adjective- এর যে রূপ ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Comparative Degree বলে।
- যত-তত/ আনুপাতিক হ্রাস-বৃদ্ধি বুঝাতে দুইটি Adverb Comparative Degree এর প্রত্যেকটির পূর্বে The বসে।
- Structure: The + Comparative +--, the + Comparative +---

• More examples:
- The more you read, the more you learn.
- The sooner, the better.
- The more you exercise, the better your health will be.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৫৩৯.
Please leave me alone. (Make it passive)
  1. You are requested to leave me alone, please.
  2. You are requested to leave me alone kindly.
  3. You are requested to leave me alone.
  4. You were requested leave me alone.
সঠিক উত্তর:
You are requested to leave me alone.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
You are requested to leave me alone.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb
- মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।

- Active voice এর শুরুতে Please  থাকলে passive voice এ you are requested to বসে,
- active voice টি present এ রয়েছে তাই passive voice এ present tense হবে।

Passive: You are requested to leave me alone.
৫৪০.
Kollol told me that Koli had not gone there the previous day. (Make it Direct)
  1. ক) Kollol said to me, “Koli has not gone there the previous day.”
  2. খ) Kollol said to me, “Koli did not go there yesterday.”
  3. গ) Kollol said to me, “Koli has not come here the previous day”.
  4. ঘ) Kollol said to me, “Koli has not gone there yesterday.”
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Kollol said to me, “Koli did not go there yesterday.”
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Kollol said to me, “Koli did not go there yesterday.”
ব্যাখ্যা
Indirect Narration এ Past Perfect থাকলে তিনটি Tense হওয়ার সম্ভাবনা আছে (যা নির্ধারিত হবে Adverb of Time, Conjunction ইত্যাদির উপর ভিত্তি করে)।
যথা:
- Present Perfect 
- Past Indefinite 
- Past Perfect

যেহেতু এখানে the previous day উল্লেখ করা আছে, তাই এটা Past Indefinite Tense হওয়াই বাঞ্ছনীয়। আর the previous day এর পরিবর্তে yesterday ব্যবহৃত হবে। 
সে অনুসারে সঠিক direct form: Kollol said to me, “Koli did not go there yesterday.”
৫৪১.
Change into indirect speech:
He said, “Don’t make noise.”
  1. He told that don’t make noise.
  2. He requested me not to make noise.
  3. He said me not to make noise.
  4. He told me to not make noise.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He requested me not to make noise.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He requested me not to make noise.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) He requested me not to make noise.

• He said, “Don’t make noise.”
- মূল বাক্যটি একটি imperative sentence (আদেশ/অনুরোধমূলক বাক্য)।
- Imperative sentence কে indirect speech-এ রূপান্তরের সময় reporting verb হিসাবে সাধারণত "told," "asked," বা "requested" ব্যবহৃত হয়, বাক্যের ভাব অনুযায়ী।
- "Don’t make noise" একটি নির্বৃত্তিমূলক বা নম্র অনুরোধমূলক নির্দেশ, তাই এখানে "requested" উপযুক্ত।
- Imperative sentence-এ "not to + base verb" রূপে নির্দেশ পরিবর্তন হয়।
- তাই indirect form হবে: He requested me not to make noise.

Other options:
ক) He told that don’t make noise.
- ভুল, কারণ "told" ব্যবহারের পর object (me) থাকা উচিত এবং "that" ব্যবহারের নিয়ম এখানে প্রযোজ্য নয়।

গ) He said me not to make noise.
- ভুল, কারণ "said" এর পরে object (me) আসা grammatically ভুল; "said to me" হলে চলত।

ঘ) He told me to not make noise.
- grammatical ভুল নয়, কিন্তু "to not" এর চেয়ে "not to" অধিক প্রমিত ও গ্রহণযোগ্য।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫৪২.
Do not remove the warning sign. [passive]
  1. Let not the warning sign being removed.
  2. Let not the warning sign to be removed.
  3. Let not the warning sign be removed.
  4. Let the warning sign be removed.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Let not the warning sign be removed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Let not the warning sign be removed.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে Passive Voice করতে হলে – 
i) বাক্যের শুরুতে Let বসে। 
ii) Active Voice এ Do not থাকলে Passive Voice এ শুধু not বসে।
iii) Active Voice এর Object – Subject এর স্থানে বসে।
iv) be বসে।
v) মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

• Active: Do not close the door.
• Passive: Let not the door be closed.

Active: Do not remove the warning sign.
Passive: Let not the warning sign be removed.
৫৪৩.
The old man said to the boy, ‘’Do not smoke.’’ (Direct to Indirect)
  1. The old man ordered the boy that he did not smoke.
  2. The old man said that he had not smoked.
  3. The old man told that the boy did not smoke.
  4. The old man ordered the boy not to smoke.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The old man ordered the boy not to smoke.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The old man ordered the boy not to smoke.
ব্যাখ্যা
ব্যাখ্যা:
Reported Speech-এ যদি কোন ‘নিষেধ’ প্রকাশ পায় তাহলে say বা say to এর পরিবর্তে order বসিয়ে to+verb-এর আগে not বসাতে হয়।
৫৪৪.
You said to me, "Would you help me, please?" বাক্যের Indirect speech-
  1. ক) You politely asked me if I would help you.
  2. খ) You politely asked to me if I would help you.
  3. গ) You politely asked me that whether I would help you.
  4. ঘ) You politely asked me that if I should help you.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) You politely asked me if I would help you.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) You politely asked me if I would help you.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ যদি Direct speech Interrogative sentence হয়, তাহলে indirect speech এ if/whether বসে এবং Reported speech কে Indirect করার সময় sentence কে assertive করে নিতে হয়।
- Reporting verb টি past tense এ হওয়ায়, Reported speech - ও past tense এ হবে।
- reported speech এর will এর পরিবর্তিত হয়ে would হবে।
 
সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর ক) You politely asked me if I would help you.

অন্যান্য অপশনগুলো -
খ) asked to me থাকায় বাক্যটি ভুল। asked এর পর সরাসরি object বসে।
গ) whether - conjunction এর পূর্বে that ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে যার কারণে এ দুটি ভুল।
ঘ) অর্থ সঙ্গতি ঠিক নেই।
৫৪৫.
He said that he had bought a car. (Make it direct)
  1. He said, 'I have bought a car'.
  2. He said, 'I bought a car.'
  3. He said, "I had bought a car"
  4. All of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
All of these
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
All of these
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Speech/ Reporting speech Vs Indirect speech / Reported  speech

Present indefinite ↔ Past indefinite 
Present continuous ↔ Past continuous 
Present Perfect ↔ Past perfect 
Past Indefinite ↔ Past Perfect 
Past Perfect ↔ Past Perfect 
Past Continuous ↔ Past perfect continuous
Future Indefinite ↔ Use of modal 

Indirect speech এ that clause টি past perfect tense এ হওয়ায় direct speech এ তা reported speech এ পরিণত হবে এবং তা past indefinite /present perfect/past perfect tense এ হবে।

সে অনুসারে, সঠিক উত্তর - সবগুলোই।
Indirect Speech: He said that he had bought a car.
Direct Speech:
- He said, "I have bought a car."
- He said, 'I bought a car.'
- He said, "I had bought a car"

Source: Cambridge Dictionary Grammar Reference & Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৫৪৬.
Change the voice: “Who is helping the students?”
  1. By whom are the students helped?
  2. By whom the students are helped?
  3. Whom are the students helped by?
  4. By whom are the students being helped?
সঠিক উত্তর:
By whom are the students being helped?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
By whom are the students being helped?
ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এর রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হবে।
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- অনেক সময় be/ being/ been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Question mark (?) হয়।

• Active voice: Who is helping the students?
• Passive voice: By whom are the students being helped?

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৪৭.
I saw her go. (Passive)
  1. She was saw to go by me.
  2. She is been seen to go by me.
  3. She was seen to go by me.
  4. Her going was seen by me.
  5. Going of her was seen by me.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She was seen to go by me.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She was seen to go by me.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
-Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, at, to, in) বসে।

• Need, see, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch প্রভৃতি verb গুলোর পর Active Voice-এ to উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পরে to বসে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - He was seen to go by me.

Active: I saw her go.
Passive: She was seen to go by me.
৫৪৮.
The window has been broken. [Change the voice]
  1. Someone has to be broken the window.
  2. Someone has broken the window.
  3. Someone broken the window.
  4. Someone has been broken the window.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Someone has broken the window.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Someone has broken the window.
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যে ক্রিয়ার কর্তা দেয়া না থাকলে passive থেকে active করার সময় একটি সুবিধাজনক কর্তা যেমন-
someone, somebody, people, the authority ইত্যাদি ধরে নিতে হবে।
- Break এর past participle form - broken.
- Someone এর সাথে has ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Passive Voice: My wallet has been stolen.
Active Voice: Someone has stolen my wallet.

Passive: The window has been broken.
Active: Someone has broken the window.
৫৪৯.
She agreed to help the poor. (passive)
  1. She agreed the poor to help.
  2. She agreed the poor to be helped.
  3. The poor was agreed to be helped by her.
  4. She agreed that the poor should be helped.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She agreed that the poor should be helped.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She agreed that the poor should be helped.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - ঘ) She agreed that the poor should be helped. 

• Agree/ be anxious/arrange/determine/ be determined/ decide/demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসে।
- that বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসে।
- should be বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসে।

• Example:
- Active: She agreed to help the poor.
- Passive: She agreed that the poor should be helped. 

• More examples:
- Active: She decided to repair the car.
- Passive: She decided that the car should be repaired.

Other options
ক) She agreed the poor to help.
- এই বাক্যটি grammatically ভুল।
- "agree" এর পরে এইভাবে noun + infinitive বসে না। অর্থ অস্পষ্ট।

 খ) She agreed the poor to be helped.
- এই structure সাধারণত "want", "allow", "expect" ইত্যাদি verb-এর পরে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- "agree" verb এর সঙ্গে এভাবে ব্যবহার করা যায় না। Structure-wise ভুল।

গ) The poor was agreed to be helped by her.
"Agree" একটি intransitive verb, agree ক্রিয়া passive voice-এ ব্যক্তিগত ইচ্ছা বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয় না।।
"Was agreed" বলাটা grammar অনুযায়ী ভুল।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৫৫০.
Faria said, "Finish it". (Make it indirect)
  1. Faria asked it to finish.
  2. Faria ordered someone to finish it.
  3. Faria said that let it be finished.
  4. Faria has asked it to be finished.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Faria ordered someone to finish it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Faria ordered someone to finish it.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: Faria said, "Finish it".
• Indirect: Faria ordered someone to finish it.

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

• “Finish it” একটি Imperative Sentence এবং তা আদেশ করা (order) অর্থ প্রকাশ করে।
- তাই indirect narration এ said to এর পরিবর্তে ordered ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- Affirmative এর ক্ষেত্রে to এবং negative এর ক্ষেত্রে not to বসে।
- to বসলে এরপর সরাসরি to + verb এর base form অথবা to এর পূর্বে একটি সুবিধাজনক subject (someone) ও নেয়া যায়।
৫৫১.
Who is repairing the car? (make it passive)
  1. By whom is the car being repaired?
  2. By whom the car is repaired?
  3. By whom is the car repaired?
  4. By whom the car being repaired?
সঠিক উত্তর:
By whom is the car being repaired?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
By whom is the car being repaired?
ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এর রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হবে।
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- অনেক সময় be/ being/ been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Question mark (?) হয়।

• Active voice: Who is repairing the car?
• Passive voice: By whom is the car being repaired?

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৫২.
Whom did you lend the pen? (make it passive)
  1. By who was lend you the pen?
  2. By whom was the pen lent?
  3. Who was lend by you the pen?
  4. Who was lent the pen by you?
সঠিক উত্তর:
Who was lent the pen by you?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Who was lent the pen by you?
ব্যাখ্যা
• Whom যুক্ত Interrogative sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Whom এর পরিবর্তে Passive voice- এ প্রথমে Who বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Subject এর object form বসে।
- প্রশ্নবোধক (?) চিহ্ন বসে।

Active: Whom did you lend the pen?
Passive: Who was lent the pen by you? 

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৫৫৩.
Minu said, "I must go there." (Indirect)
  1. Minu said that he must had to go there.
  2. Minu said that he must go there.
  3. Minu said that I must go there.
  4. Minu said that he had to go there.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Minu said that he had to go there.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Minu said that he had to go there.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct: Minu said, "I must go there."
• Indirect: Minu said that he had to go there.

• Direct narration থেকে Indirect narration এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম হলো-
- প্রথমে Reporting verb-এর Subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- তারপর যদি বাক্যটি assertive sentence হয়, তাহলে Inverted comma (" ") উঠিয়ে দিয়ে conjunction হিসেবে that বসানো হয়।
- এরপর Reported speech-এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Reporting verb-এর Subject বা Object-এর number (একবচন বা বহুবচন), person (first, second, third) এবং gender (male/female) অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।

- Reported speech-এ must থাকলে এবং reporting verb past tense-এর হলেও indirect speech-এ must এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- আবার চিরকালীন বাধ্যতা না বোঝালে must-এর বদলে had to ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।

• Example: 
Dir: Kalim said, "I must go there."
Ind: Kalim said that he had to go there.

Dir: Rima said, "Kamal must have his car repaired."
Ind: Rima said that Kamal had to have his car repaired.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫৫৪.
The correct indirect form of: He said to me, "Please stop talking loudly."
  1. He requested me that to stop talking loudly.
  2. He told me stop talking loudly.
  3. He requested me to stop talking loudly.
  4. He said to me to stop talking loudly.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He requested me to stop talking loudly.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He requested me to stop talking loudly.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: He said to me, "Please stop talking loudly."
• Indirect: He requested me to stop talking loudly.

• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 
- Subject + request/order/advice/beg/forbid + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ।
- Affirmative sentence -এর ক্ষেত্রে imperative -এর পূর্বে to এবং negative sentence -এর ক্ষেত্রে imperative -এর পূর্বে not to বসে।
- Reported verb- টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়। 

• More Examples:
- Proma said to me, "Please give me a mug of coffee." 
- Proma requested me to give her a mug of coffee.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৫৫৫.
He said to me, “What can I do for you now?” (Indirect)
  1. ক) He asked me what he could do for you now.
  2. খ) He asked me what could he do for me then.
  3. গ) He asked me what he could do for me then.
  4. ঘ) He asked me what he could do for me now.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) He asked me what he could do for me then.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) He asked me what he could do for me then.
ব্যাখ্যা
say verb টি past tense এ হলে Interrogative Sentence কে Indirect Narration করতে হলে, can থাকলে could হবে এবং Subject এর পরে বসবে। now থাকলে then হবে।
৫৫৬.
Choose the correct sentence:
  1. He is a most perfect judge.
  2. This is very unique case.
  3. He has supreme power.
  4. He reached the most extreme point.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He has supreme power.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He has supreme power.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct sentence: He reached the extreme point.

• Degree of comparison অনুযায়ী,
- Absolute, excellent, extreme, supreme, perfect, unique, ইত্যাদি absolute adjective গুলো নিজেরাই superlative এর অর্থ প্রদান করে, তাই এদের পূর্বে more, most, very বা অন্য কোনো qualifier বসে না।
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক বাক্যটি হলো- He reached the extreme point.

• Other options:
ক) He is a most perfect judge. → He is a perfect judge.
খ)He is a most perfect judge. → He is a most perfect judge.
ঘ) He reached the most extreme point. → He reached the extreme point.
৫৫৭.
The teacher said, "Is the answer correct?" (Change the narration)
  1. The teacher said that whether the answer was correct.
  2. The teacher asked if the answer is correct.
  3. The teacher asked whether the answer was correct.
  4. The teacher told whether the answer was correct.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher asked whether the answer was correct.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher asked whether the answer was correct.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Direct: The teacher said, "Is the answer correct?"
- Indirect: The teacher asked whether the answer was correct.

• Interrogative Sentence এর Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb “said” - এর পরিবর্তে প্রশ্ন করা অর্থে asked বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি Wh word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh - question word টি conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসবে।
- তারপর Direct speech - এ present continuous tense থাকলে Indirect speech - এ তা past continuous tense হবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।

• Structure: Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) + linker word + Reported speech - এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

• Note: Interrogative sentence টি Indirect speech - এ সবসময় assertive sentence - এ পরিণত হবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৫৫৮.
Choose the correct indirect speech: Jamal asked me, 'Are you happy in your current job?'
  1. ক) Jamal asked me if I was happy in my current job.
  2. খ) Jamal asked me if I have been happy in my current job.
  3. গ) Jamal asked me whether I am happy in my current job.
  4. ঘ) Jamal asked me if I had been happy in my current job.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Jamal asked me if I was happy in my current job.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Jamal asked me if I was happy in my current job.
ব্যাখ্যা
Yes/No Question (প্রশ্নের উত্তর হ্যাঁ বা না) হলে Reported Speech এর আগে if হয়।
Reported Speech কে Indirect করার সময় সর্বদা Assertive Sentence এ লিখতে হয়।
আর Reporting Verb- Past Tense হলে Reported Speech কে নিয়ম অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হয়। 

নিয়ম হচ্ছে -
চার প্রকারের Present হবে চার প্রকারের Past.
Past Indefinite হবে Past Perfect.

সে অনুসারে সঠিক indirect speech: Jamal asked me if I was happy in my current job.
৫৫৯.
The boss said to the employees, 'Don't waste your time'. (Make it indirect)
  1. ক) The boss forbade the employees not to waste their time.
  2. খ) The boss ordered the employees to not waste their time.
  3. গ) The boss asked the employees to not waste their time.
  4. ঘ) The boss advised the employees not to waste their time.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) The boss advised the employees not to waste their time.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) The boss advised the employees not to waste their time.
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যটি নিষেধ/উপদেশমূলক হওয়ায় said এর পরিবর্তে advised/forbade/ordered ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যের indirect speech এ advised এবং ordered ব্যবহৃত হলে not to ব্যবহৃত হবে কিন্তু forbade নিজেই না বোধক হওয়ায় এর পর not বসবে না শুধু to + verb বসবে।

- যেমন: 'Don't waste your time' the boss said to the employees.
এর indirect speech হতে পারে।
1- The boss ordered/advised the employees not to waste their time.
2- The boss forbade the employees to waste their time.

• যেহেতু প্রশ্নের অপশনে - The boss advised the employees not to waste their time রয়েছে, তাই এটিই সঠিক উত্তর।
৫৬০.
He said,“I walk a mile every morning - Change the speech.
  1. ক) He said that he has walked a mile every morning.
  2. খ) He said that he is walking a mile every morning.
  3. গ) He said that he walks a mile every morning.
  4. ঘ) He said that he walked a mile every morning.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) He said that he walks a mile every morning.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) He said that he walks a mile every morning.
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নটির সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে He said that he walks a mile every morning.
- কোন কারণে tense যদি universal truth কিংবা habitual fact কে নির্দেশ করে তাহলে tense অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। 
• Example: 
- Direct: He said, “I walk a mile every morning.”
- Indirect: He said that he walks a mile every morning.
- এখানে 'every morning'- habitual fact কে নির্দেশ করেছে তাই tense অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। 

Source: Bangladesh Open University, SSC Programme.
৫৬১.
The friends helped each other. (passive)
  1. The friends each were helped by each other.
  2. The friends were helped by each other.
  3. Each of friends were helped by each other.
  4. The friends each other were helped by.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The friends were helped by each other.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The friends were helped by each other.
ব্যাখ্যা
Active Voice: The friends helped each other.
Passive Voice: The friends were helped by each other.

• Reciprocal pronoun (each other, one another) যুক্ত active voice কে passive এ পরিণত করার সময় -
- Pronoun গুলো কখনোই subject হিসেবে বসবে না। 
- অর্থাৎ, এদের subject এবং object এর স্থান অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
-  tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + main verb এর past participle form বসে।

• Active structure: Subject + verb + Reflexive object.
• Passive: Subject অপরিবর্তিত + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + main verb এর past participle form + reciprocal pronoun.

Active Voice: The siblings love each other.
Passive Voice: The siblings are loved by each other.
৫৬২.
Change the narration: I said, "Do it."
  1. I said to do it.
  2. I said that let it be done.
  3. I ordered someone to do it.
  4. I said that it should be done.
সঠিক উত্তর:
I ordered someone to do it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I ordered someone to do it.
ব্যাখ্যা
→ The correct answer is: "I ordered someone to do it."

• Imperative sentences এর indirect narration করার নিয়ম:
- Imperative sentences এর ক্ষেত্রে reporting verb হিসেবে ordered, told, বা instructed ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- Say/said বা tell/told এর পরিবর্তে ordered ব্যবহার করতে হবে, কারণ এটি একটি আদেশ।
- Inverted commas তুলে দিয়ে, Affirmative sentence -এর ক্ষেত্রে imperative verb -এর পূর্বে to বসে।
- Subject পরিবর্তন হতে পারে, এবং object যদি থাকে, তবে তা someone বা নির্দিষ্ট কিছু ব্যক্তি হতে পারে।

• “Do it” একটি Imperative Sentence এবং তা আদেশ করা (order) অর্থ প্রকাশ করে।
- তাই indirect narration এ said to এর পরিবর্তে ordered ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- সঠিক উত্তর - I ordered someone to do it.
৫৬৩.
Whom did she accuse? (make it passive)
  1. Who was accused by her?
  2. Who had been accused by her?
  3. Who was being accused by her?
  4. By whom was accused her?
সঠিক উত্তর:
Who was accused by her?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Who was accused by her?
ব্যাখ্যা

• Whom যুক্ত Interrogative sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Whom এর পরিবর্তে Passive voice- এ প্রথমে Who বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Subject এর object form বসে।
- প্রশ্নবোধক (?) চিহ্ন বসে।

• Active voice: Whom did she accuse?
• Passive voice: Who was accused by her?

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৬৪.
"The flower smells sweet"(change into passive)
  1. The flower is sweet when it is smelt.
  2. The flower is sweet when it smells.
  3. The flower was sweet when it is smelt.
  4. The flower is sweet when it was smelt.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The flower is sweet when it is smelt.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The flower is sweet when it is smelt.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: The flower is sweet when it is smelt.
-  প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি Quasi sentence.
- যে sentence গঠনে active কিন্তু অর্থে passive বা অন্যের দ্বারা সংঘটিত হয় এমন বোঝায় বোঝায়, তাকে Quasi sentence বলে।

Quasi sentence কে দুই ভাবে passive করা যায়-
1) Active voice এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে+ tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + adjective টি বসে + when + প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী it/they বসে + আবারো tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb + মূল verb এর past participle.
যেমনঃ
Active: The flower smells sweet.
Passive: The flower is sweet when it is smelt.

2) Active এর এর subject টিই passive voice এর subject হিসাবে বসে + tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে মূল verb এর past participle + adjective টি বসে।
যেমনঃ
Active: The flower smells sweet.
Passive: The flower is smelt sweet.

যেহেতু, অপশনে "The flower is sweet when it is smelt" বাক্যটি রয়েছে, তাই এটিই সঠিক উত্তর।

৫৬৫.
Change the following sentence into an indirect sentence:
Rupali said to me, "Why were you singing so passionately?"
  1. Rupali asked me why I was singing so passionately.
  2. Rupali asked me why I were singing so passionately.
  3. Rupali asked me why I had been singing so passionately.
  4. Rupali asked me why I have been singing so passionately.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rupali asked me why I had been singing so passionately.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rupali asked me why I had been singing so passionately.
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তর গ) Rupali asked me why I had been singing so passionately.


- Direct Speech: Rupali said to me, "Why were you singing so passionately?"
- Indirect speech: Rupali asked me why I had been singing so passionately.
এখানে,
- Reporting Verb: "said to" কে "asked" এ পরিবর্তন করা লাগবে Interrogative sentence হওয়ায়।.
- Tense Change: Past Continuous ("were singing") থেকে Indirect speech এ  Past Perfect Continuous ("had been singing")পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- Pronoun Change: "you" কে  "I" তে পরিবর্তন। (as the reporter is the original listener).

Structure: Rupali (Subject) + asked + me + why + I + had been + singing + so passionately.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৫৬৬.
They asked, “Can we leave early today?” (Make it indirect)
  1. They asked could they leave early that day.
  2. They asked if they could leave early that day.
  3. They asked that if they could leave early that day.
  4. They asked that they could leave early that day.
সঠিক উত্তর:
They asked if they could leave early that day.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
They asked if they could leave early that day.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম: 
- Subject + ask + object (যদি থাকে) + if/whether + reported speech এর subject + Tense অনুসারে verb + extension.

- উক্ত বাক্যে reported verb টি present indefinite tense.
- তাই, indirect speech এ reported verb টি past indefinite tense হবে।

• আবার,
- direct speech এ today থাকলে তা পরিবর্তির হয়ে Indirect speech এ that day হয়।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
Direct: They asked, “Can we leave early today?”
Indirect: They asked if they could leave early that day.
৫৬৭.
The scientist said, “The earth moves around the sun.” 
Change the narration:
  1. The scientist said that the earth moves around the sun.
  2. The scientist said that the sun is moved around by the earth.
  3. The scientist said that the sun might be moving around by the earth.
  4. The scientist said that the earth moves around.
  5. None
সঠিক উত্তর:
The scientist said that the earth moves around the sun.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The scientist said that the earth moves around the sun.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Reported speech দ্বারা যদি কোনো চিরন্তন সত্য বা অভ্যাসগত কর্ম বা ঐতিহাসিক সত্য বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য প্রকাশ পায়, তবে Indirect Narration এ Tense এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না৷
- Reporting verb এর subject এবং verb অপরিবর্তিত ভাবে বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।

• অর্থাৎ, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Direct Narration: The scientist said, “The earth moves around the sun.”
Indirect Narration: The scientist said that the earth moves around the sun.

৫৬৮.
Don't disrespect the poor. (change into passive voice)
  1. Let not the poor be disrespected.
  2. The poor should not be disrespected.
  3. Let the poor not disrespected.
  4. Let be the poor not disrespected.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Let not the poor be disrespected.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Let not the poor be disrespected.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: Let not the poor be disrespected.
- যখন কোনও Imperative Sentence 'Don't' বা 'Do not' দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তখন Voice Change করার জন্য Let এর ঠিক পরেই not বসিয়ে Voice change করতে হয়।

• Do not যুক্ত imperative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে voice change এর structure টি হলো: 
- প্রথমে Let not বসে
- Active Voice এর Object টি subject হয়
- be + মূল verb এর past participle বসে।

Other options:
খ) The poor should not be disrespected.
- Imperative Sentence  এর Voice Change করার জন্য passive voice এর শুরুতে Let বসাতে হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

গ) Let the poor not disrespected.
- 'Don't' বা 'Do not' দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative Sentence এর Voice Change করার জন্য Let এর ঠিক পরেই not বসিয়ে Voice change করতে হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

ঘ) Let be the poor not disrespected.
- 'Don't' বা 'Do not' দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative Sentence এর Voice Change করার জন্য Let এর ঠিক পরেই not বসিয়ে Voice change করতে হয় এবং  be+মূল verb এর past participle করতে হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৬৯.
He said, ‘My friends, listen to me.’ (Direct -Indirect)
  1. Addressing him, his friends told them to listen to him.
  2. Addressing his friends, he told them to listen to him.
  3. Addressing him, he told them to listen to him.
  4. He told them to listen to his friends.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Addressing his friends, he told them to listen to him.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Addressing his friends, he told them to listen to him.
ব্যাখ্যা

Vocative বা সম্বোধন পদ থাকলে addressing + সম্বোধন পদটি যুক্ত করে Indirect narration করতে হয়।

৫৭০.
The Captain said to his men, "Remain at ease." (Make it indirect)
  1. The Captain demanded his men to remain at ease.
  2. The Captain commanded his men to remain at ease.
  3. The Captain inquired his men to remain at ease.
  4. The Captain urged his men to remain at ease.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The Captain commanded his men to remain at ease.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The Captain commanded his men to remain at ease.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Subject + request/order/advice/beg/forbid + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ।
- Reported verb- টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়।

Direct: The Captain said to his men, "Remain at ease."
Indirect: The Captain commanded his men to remain at ease.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury & Hussain.
৫৭১.
I found it easy to understand. (passive)
  1. It was found easy to understand by me.
  2. It found easy to understand by me.
  3. It had found easy to understand by me.
  4. It was found easy to be understood by me.
সঠিক উত্তর:
It was found easy to understand by me.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
It was found easy to understand by me.
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - ক) It was found easy to understand by me.

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object টি Passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- active বাক্যে adjective + to+verb থাকে তাহলে তা passive-এ to+verb - অংশটির কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।

• Example
Active : I found it easy to do.
Passive : It was found easy to do by me.
Incorrect: It was found easy to be done by me.

• Other options:
খ) It found easy to understand by me.
- "It found" — এটি ভুল, কারণ "It" active subject নয়। এছাড়া "found" এর পরে object দরকার।

গ) It had found easy to understand by me.
- "had found" বোঝায় past perfect tense, কিন্তু মূল বাক্যটি simple past। অর্থ ও structure দুটোই ঠিক নয়।

ঘ) It was found easy to be understood by me.
- অতিরিক্তভাবে “to be understood” বসানো হয়েছে, যা অপ্রয়োজনীয়।

Source: A passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫৭২.
Raha said, "I am reading a novel." (Indirect)
  1. Raha said she was reading a novel.
  2. Raha said that she is reading a novel.
  3. Raha said that she was reading a novel.
  4. Raha says that she was reading a novel.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Raha said that she was reading a novel.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Raha said that she was reading a novel.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Assertive sentence কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর সময়: 
- Reporting verb say/said or tell/told (object যদি থাকে) বসে
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে conjunction ‘that’ বসে
- Reported speech এর subject বসে
- verb বসে
- বাকী অংশ বসে

Structure: Subject + say/said/tell/told + object + that + Reported Speech এর subject + verb + বাকী অংশ 

Direct: Raha said, "I am reading a novel."
Indirect: Raha said that she was reading a novel.

Source:  Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury & Hossain
৫৭৩.
Kaim said, "I shall go to school." (make it indirect)
  1. Kaim said that he would go to school.
  2. Kaim said that he will go to school.
  3. Kaim requested that he would go to school.
  4. Kaim said that he would be going to school.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Kaim said that he would go to school.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Kaim said that he would go to school.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct Speech এ Reported Verb টি Past Tense হলে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Reporting Speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting Verb say/ said, tell/ told বসবে। (যদি থাকে)
- Inverted Comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported Speech এর Subject/ Person অনুসারে পরিবর্তন হবে।
- Future Tense এর Will/ Shall এর পরিবর্তে Would ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

Direct speech: Kaim said, "I shall go to home."
Indirect speech: Kaim said that he would go to home.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৭৪.
The manager is going to approve the proposal. (make it passive)
  1. The proposal is being going to be approved by the manager.
  2. The proposal is gone to be approved by the manager.
  3. The proposal was going to be approved by the manager.
  4. The proposal is going to be approved by the manager.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The proposal is going to be approved by the manager.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The proposal is going to be approved by the manager.
ব্যাখ্যা

• be going to দিয়ে Active Voice থাকলে তা Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Object টি Passive voice এর Subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- going to এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- going to এরপর be বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ Object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active Voice: The manager is going to approve the proposal.
• Passive Voice: The proposal is going to be approved by the manager.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৭৫.
Maria's performance satisfied the teacher. (Make it passive)
  1. ক) The teacher was satisfied by Maria's performance.
  2. খ) The teacher was satisfied with Maria's performance.
  3. গ) The teacher was satisfied at Maria's performance.
  4. ঘ) The teacher has been satisfied by Maria's performance.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) The teacher was satisfied with Maria's performance.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) The teacher was satisfied with Maria's performance.
ব্যাখ্যা
প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি past indefinite tense এ আছে। 
Past indefinite tense জাতীয় বাক্যের এর passive from হবে -
- object এর subjective form
- be verb
- verb এর past participle form
- by/at/with
- subject এর objective form.

• Passive voice এ Satisfied এরপর Object এর পূর্বে by এর পরিবর্তে with ব্যবহৃত হয়। 
তাই এর সঠিক passive হবে The teacher was satisfied with Maria's performance.
৫৭৬.
"Is it raining outside?" I asked him. (Change the narration)
  1. I asked him if it is raining outside.
  2. I asked him it was raining outside.
  3. I asked him if it was raining outside.
  4. I asked him was it raining outside.
সঠিক উত্তর:
I asked him if it was raining outside.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I asked him if it was raining outside.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration:
Interrogative sentence যুক্ত direct speech কে indirect speech করার ক্ষেত্রে:

Structure: Subject + ask + object + if/whether + reported speech এর subject + tense অনুসারে verb + extension.

• এই বাক্যে reported verb টি present continuous tense হয়।
- তাই, indirect speech এ reported verb টি past continuous tense হবে।

Direct: "Are you crying?" Rahim asked her.
Indirect: Rahim asked her if she was crying.

Direct: "Is it raining outside?" I asked him.
Indirect: I asked him if it was raining outside.
৫৭৭.
Change the narration: Palash said to me, "I came yesterday."
  1. Palash said to me that he had came the previous day.
  2. Palash told to me that he had come the previous day.
  3. Palash told me that he had come the previous day.
  4. Palash said that he had come the previous day.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Palash told me that he had come the previous day.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Palash told me that he had come the previous day.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech: Palash said to me, "I came yesterday."
• Indirect speech: Palash told me that he had come the previous day.

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে, Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম।
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হব

• Direct speech এ said to me থাকলে indirect speech এ তা পরিবর্তিত হয়ে told হবে এবং reporting verb এর tense অনুযায়ী indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
- কমার বদলে that বসবে।
- reporting verb এবং reporting speech উভয়েই past indefinite থাকলে, indirect করার সময় reported speech কে past perfect tense এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে।
- Direct Narration - এ yesterday থাকলে Indirect Narration - এ the previous day হয়।
৫৭৮.
Who did the work? (make it passive)
  1. By whom the work was done?
  2. Whom had the work done by?
  3. By whom was the work done?
  4. Who was the work done?
সঠিক উত্তর:
By whom was the work done?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
By whom was the work done?
ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এর রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হবে।
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- অনেক সময় be/ being/ been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Question mark (?) হয়।

• Active voice: Who did the work?
• Passive voice: By whom was the work done?

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৭৯.
Cook dinner. (Make it passive)
  1. Let the dinner be cooked.
  2. Let dinner be cooked.
  3. Let dinner being cooked.
  4. Let the dinner been cooked.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Let dinner be cooked.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Let dinner be cooked.
ব্যাখ্যা
Active Voice: Cook dinner.
Passive Voice: Let dinner be cooked.

• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া imperative sentence এর active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসবে;
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে;
- be বসবে;
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

• Structure: Let + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle + extensions.
৫৮০.
Choose the indirect speech:
Sia said to me, "Can you recommend a good restaurant in this area?"
  1. Sia asked me that if I can recommend a good restaurant in that area.
  2. Sia asked me if I could recommend a good restaurant in that area.
  3. Sia said to me if I can recommend a good restaurant in this area.
  4. Sia asked me that if I could recommend a good restaurant in this area.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Sia asked me if I could recommend a good restaurant in that area.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Sia asked me if I could recommend a good restaurant in that area.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Interrogative Sentence এর Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম: 
i) Reporting verb টি 'ask'/ 'enquire of'/ 'want to know' ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়। 
ii) Reported Speech যদি Auxiliary verb দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয়, তবে Reported speech এর পূর্বে that না বসে if/whether বসাতে হয়। 
iii) Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive sentence- এ রূপান্তরিত হয়। 

Structure: Subject + ask/enquire of + object (যদি থাকে) + if/whether + Reported speech এর subject + verb + বাকী অংশ। 

Direct: Sia said to me, "Can you recommend a good restaurant in this area?"
Indirect: Sia asked me if I could recommend a good restaurant in that area.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain. 
৫৮১.
Change the voice: One should tell the truth.
  1. The truth is being told.
  2. The truth shall be told.
  3. The truth should be told.
  4. The truth should be being told.
  5. Everybody should be telling the truth.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The truth should be told.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The truth should be told.
ব্যাখ্যা
• One + should যুক্ত Sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম:
1. প্রথমে object টি Subject রূপে বসে,
2. should be + মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

Active Voice: One should take care of one's health.
Passive Voice: Health should be taken care of.

Active: One should tell the truth.
Passive: Truth should be told.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৫৮২.
She was born in 1996. (change the voice)
  1. Her mother birthed her in 1996.
  2. Her mother born her in 1996.
  3. Her mother bears her in 1996.
  4. Her mother bore her in 1996.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Her mother bore her in 1996.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Her mother bore her in 1996.
ব্যাখ্যা
Passive Voice এ যদি by + Object না থাকলে Passive Voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 

• Passive Voice এ যদি by + Object না থাকে এবং verb টি যদি পেশা বা নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর সাথে Related কাজ হয় তাহলে ঐ পেশা জীবী বা ঐ নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর নাম Subject হিসেবে বসাতে হবে।

যেমন:
• Passive: Water was irrigated.
Active: Farmers irrigated water.

• Rome was not built in a day.
- The Romans did not build Rome in a day.

• She was born in 1996.
Active: Her mother bore her in 1996.

Source: Live MCQ English Wizard.
৫৮৩.
Father said to his sons, ‘’Do not quarrel.’’ (Direct to Indirect)
  1. Father ordered the boy that they did not quarrel.
  2. Fatehr said that he had not quarreled.
  3. Father told that the sons did not quarrel.
  4. Father forbade his sons to quarrel.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Father forbade his sons to quarrel.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Father forbade his sons to quarrel.
ব্যাখ্যা
ব্যাখ্যা:
Reported Speech-এ যদি কোন ‘নিষেধ’ প্রকাশ পায় তাহলে say বা say to এর পরিবর্তে ask/beg, encourage, entreat, invite, recommend ও forbid বসিয়ে to+verb- বসাতে হয়।
৫৮৪.
The _____ she tried, the ______ she performed.
  1. hardest, harder
  2. harder, worse
  3. hardly, harder
  4. hardest, worst
সঠিক উত্তর:
harder, worse
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
harder, worse
ব্যাখ্যা

• Complete sentence: The harder she tried, the worse she performed.

• Comparative Degree:
- দুটি noun বা pronoun- এর দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা প্রভৃতির তুলনা করতে adjective- এর যে রূপ ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Comparative Degree বলে।
- যত---তত/ আনুপাতিক হ্রাস-বৃদ্ধি বুঝাতে দুইটি Adverb Comparative Degree এর প্রত্যেকটির পূর্বে The বসে।

• Structure: The + Comparative +----, the + Comparative +---

• More examples:
- The sooner, the better.
- The more you exercise, the better your health will be.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৫৮৫.
Don’t spoil the surprise. (Change the voice)
  1. Let the surprise not been spoiled.
  2. Let not the surprise to be spoiled.
  3. Never let the surprise be spoiled.
  4. Let not the surprise be spoiled.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Let not the surprise be spoiled.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Let not the surprise be spoiled.
ব্যাখ্যা
Active: Don’t spoil the surprise.
Passive: Let not the surprise be spoiled.

• Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive এ রূপান্তরিত করার সময় -
- প্রথমে Let not  বসবে।
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে।
- be বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

- Structure: Let not + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle.
৫৮৬.
Who will answer the question? (passive)
  1. By whom will the question to be answered?
  2. By whom will the question be answered?
  3. By whom will the question being answered?
  4. By whom will the question been answered?
সঠিক উত্তর:
By whom will the question be answered?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
By whom will the question be answered?
ব্যাখ্যা
• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়। 
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে  be/being/been বসাতে হয়। 
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে। 

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
Active: Who will drive the car?
Passive: By whom will the car be driven?

Active: Who will answer the question?
Passive: By whom will the question be answered?
৫৮৭.
Please bring me a glass of water (Change into passive voice)
  1. You are ordered to bring me a glass of water.
  2. You are requested to bring me a glass of water.
  3. You are asked to bring me a glass of water.
  4. You are told to bring me a glass of water.
সঠিক উত্তর:
You are requested to bring me a glass of water.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
You are requested to bring me a glass of water.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: You are requested to bring me a glass of water.
- Please দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া কোন Imperative sentence এর Voice change এর ক্ষেত্রে Please এর পরিবর্তে "You are requested" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

• Please যুক্ত Imperative change এর voice change এর নিয়ম:
- ১ম এ Please এর পরিবর্তে "You are requested to" বসে।
- তারপর Verb এর base form বসে।
- তারপর Object + extension বসে।

Other options:
ক) You are ordered to bring me a glass of water.
- Please দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া কোন Imperative sentence এর Voice change এর ক্ষেত্রে Please এর পরিবর্তে "You are requested" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

গ) You are asked to bring me a glass of water.
- Please দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া কোন Imperative sentence এর Voice change এর ক্ষেত্রে Please এর পরিবর্তে "You are requested" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

ঘ) You are told to bring me a glass of water.
- Please দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া কোন Imperative sentence এর Voice change এর ক্ষেত্রে Please এর পরিবর্তে "You are requested" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫৮৮.
He decided to finish the work. [Passive]
  1. He decided to the work should be finished.
  2. He decided that the work should be finished.
  3. He decided that the work be finished.
  4. He decided that the work to be finished.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He decided that the work should be finished.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He decided that the work should be finished.
ব্যাখ্যা

Active: He decided to finish the work.
Passive: He decided that the work should be finished.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

Active: Proma decided to sell the house.
Passive: Proma decided that the house should be sold.

Active: They agreed to sign the contract.
Passive: They agreed that the contract should be signed.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৮৯.
The indirect form of:
The head teacher said to the students, "Have you understood the lesson?"
  1. The head teacher told the students whether they had understood the lesson.
  2. The head teacher asked the students if they had understand the lesson.
  3. The head teacher asked the students if they have understood the lesson.
  4. The head teacher asked the students if they had understood the lesson.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The head teacher asked the students if they had understood the lesson.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The head teacher asked the students if they had understood the lesson.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: The head teacher said to the students, "Have you understood the lesson?"
- Indirect: The head teacher asked the students if they had understood the lesson.

• Interrogative sentence -এর Narration change করার ক্ষেত্রে,
- প্রথমে Reporting verb -এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb টি ask, inquire of, want to know, demand, wonder ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি Wh word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh - question word টিই conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech -এর subject বসবে।
- তারপর Direct speech - এ present perfect tense থাকলে Indirect speech - এ তা past perfect tense এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive এ পরিণত হয়।

• Structure:
- Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।

More example:
Direct: Niha said to her friend, "Will you go home?"
Indirect: Niha asked her friend if she would go home.

৫৯০.
Anis was called a hero for his brave actions. (Make it active)
  1. It was hero Anis was called for his brave actions.
  2. People did call Anis a hero for being his brave actions.
  3. People called Anis a hero for his brave actions.
  4. Hero for his brave actions was called to Anis.
সঠিক উত্তর:
People called Anis a hero for his brave actions.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
People called Anis a hero for his brave actions.
ব্যাখ্যা
• আমজনতার সাথে Related কাজ হলে Subject হিসেবে People বসাতে হবে।
- প্রথমে People বসাতে হবে।
- মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb 'was' বাদ যাবে।
- মূল Verb এর ঠিক আগের 'be' Verb এর গঠন অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
-  Subject টি Object হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Passive Voice: Anis was called a hero for his brave actions.
Active Voice: People called Anis a hero for his brave actions.
৫৯১.
He said to me, "Where have you gone?" (Change the narration)
  1. He wanted to know where I was gone.
  2. He asked me where I had gone.
  3. He asked me where did I gone.
  4. He asked me where have I gone.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me where I had gone.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He asked me where I had gone.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: He said to me, "Where have you gone?"
• Indirect: He asked me where I had gone.

• Interrogative sentence -এর narration পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- প্রশ্ন করা অর্থে reporting verb "said to" -এর পরিবর্তে asked হয়।
- reported speech টি WH question দ্বারা শুরু হলে Indirect narration -এ তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে, অর্থাৎ WH question টিই বসবে।
- reporting verb -এর subject অনুসারে reported speech -এর subject পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- reporting speech -এ past perfect tense থাকলে reported speech -এ তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
- অর্থাৎ, reported speech -এও past perfect tense হবে।
- Direct narration -এর Interrogative sentence টি Indirect -এ Assertive sentence -এ পরিণত হবে।

• More example:
- Direct: He said to me, "Where were you born?"
- Indirect: He asked me where I had been born.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar and Composition (Class 9-10).
৫৯২.
Rahim said to Karim, "Let us go home." is –
  1. Rahim said to Karim that they go home.
  2. Rahim proposed to Karim that they should go home.
  3. Rahim suggested to Karim to go home.
  4. Rahim told Karim that they should go home.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rahim proposed to Karim that they should go home.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rahim proposed to Karim that they should go home.
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - খ) Rahim proposed to Karim that they should go home.

• Indirect Speech এর ক্ষেত্রে:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb-এর Subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- তারপর যদি বাক্যটি assertive sentence হয়, তাহলে Inverted comma (" ") উঠিয়ে দিয়ে conjunction হিসেবে that বসানো হয়।
- এরপর Reported speech-এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Reporting verb-এর Subject বা Object-এর number (একবচন বা বহুবচন), person (first, second, third) এবং gender (male/female) অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- Reported speech-টি যদি let us দিয়ে শুরু হয় তাহলে তা কোন 'প্রস্তাব' বুঝায়। যেমন let us go চল আমরা যাই-হল একটি প্রস্তাব।
- এরূপ ক্ষেত্রে indirect speech-এ say এর বদলে propose/suggest that এবং say to-এর বদলে propose/suggest to বসে।
- তখন indirect speech এ verb-এর আগে to বসে না, reported speech এর subject এর আগে that এবং তার পরে (অর্থাৎ verb এর আগে) we/they/you should বসে।

• Example
- Dir. : Rahim said to Karim, "let us go home."
- Ind. : Rahim proposed to Karim that they should go home.

এখানে said to এর পরিবর্তে proposed to (প্রস্তাব করল) বসেছে এবং reported speech-এর verb 'go,-এর আগে subject (they অর্থাৎ Rahim এবং Karim) এবং তারও আগে that বসেছে। আবার subject এর পরে এবং verb এর আগে বসেছে should.
- Dir.: Rubel said, "Let us study now."
- Ind.: Rubel proposed (or, suggested) that we they should study then.

Source: A Passage To The English Language. S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৫৯৩.
The indirect speech of: He said, 'You liar.' is -
  1. ক) He said me a liar
  2. খ) He called me lair
  3. গ) He said me to go to a lair
  4. ঘ) He called me a liar
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) He called me a liar
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) He called me a liar
ব্যাখ্যা
এখানে Direct Speech টি statement হওয়ায় said me না হয়ে called me হবে। সুতরাং, He called me a liar ই সঠিক উত্তর হবে।
৫৯৪.
The teacher said, "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius." (Make it indirect)
  1. The teacher said that water would boil at 100 degrees Celsius.
  2. The teacher said that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
  3. The teacher said that water will boil at 100 degrees Celsius.
  4. The teacher said it is water that boil at 100 degrees Celsius.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher said that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The teacher said that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct: The teacher said, "Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius."
Indirect: The teacher said that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Reported speech দ্বারা যদি কোনো চিরন্তন সত্য বা অভ্যাসগত কর্ম বা ঐতিহাসিক সত্য বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য প্রকাশ পায়, তবে Indirect Narration এ Tense এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না৷
- Reporting verb এর subject এবং verb অপরিবর্তিত ভাবে বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।

• More Example: 
Direct: The teacher said, "Knowledge is power."
Indirect: The teacher said that knowledge is power.

Direct: The professor said, "Humans need oxygen to survive."
Indirect: The professor said that humans need oxygen to survive.

Direct: The guide said, "Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world."
Indirect: The guide said that Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
৫৯৫.
Anwar said, ''What a fool I am!'' বাক্যটির Indirect speech হবে-
  1. ক) Anwar said that he is a great fool.
  2. খ) Anwar told that he has been a great fool.
  3. গ) Anwar exclaimed that he was a great fool.
  4. ঘ) Anwar told that he had been a great fool.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Anwar exclaimed that he was a great fool.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Anwar exclaimed that he was a great fool.
ব্যাখ্যা
প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যে Reporting verb- 'said'.
Reported speech- 'What a fool I am'.
Reporting verb ‘past tense’ এ আছে এবং Reported speech ‘present indefinite tense’ এ আছে।
তাই Indirect speech এ Reported speech পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ‘past indefinite tense’ হবে।
শুধু অপশন (গ) তে Reported speech ‘past indefinite tense’ এ আছে, তাই এটিই সঠিক উত্তর।
৫৯৬.
Akash said to me "Are you reading now?" (Make it indirect)
  1. Akash said me if I am reading then.
  2. Akash asked to me whether I am reading then.
  3. Akash said me whether I was reading then.
  4. Akash asked me whether I was reading then.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Akash asked me whether I was reading then.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Akash asked me whether I was reading then.
ব্যাখ্যা
•  Interrogative sentence কে direct থেকে indirect Narration- এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:

- Reporting verb টি ask, demand of, enquire of, want to know, wonder এ পরিবর্তন হয়।
- Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে linker হিসেবে if/ whether বসবে।
- Reported speech এর অন্তর্গত interrogative sentence টি WH-question word দ্বারা শুরু হয়, তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে অর্থাৎ সেই WH-question word টিই বসবে।
- Direct speech এর interrogative sentence টি indirect- এ Assertive sentences- এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।

• প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি Auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয়েছে তাই এর পরিবর্তে if/whether বসবে।
- said to এর পরিবর্তে asked বসবে।
- উক্ত বাক্যে reported verb টি present continuous tense এ আছে, তাই, indirect speech এ reported verb টি past continuous tense হবে।
- Direct এ now থাকলে indirect এ তা then এ পরিণত করতে হবে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- Direct: Akash said to me "Are you reading now?"
- Indirect: Akash asked me whether I was reading then.
৫৯৭.
I am writing a letter – বাক্যটির সঠিক পরিবর্তিত voice হবে-
  1. ক) A letter is written be me.
  2. খ) A letter was written by me.
  3. গ) A letter was being written by me.
  4. ঘ) A letter is being written by me.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) A letter is being written by me.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) A letter is being written by me.
ব্যাখ্যা
Present continuous tense এর Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম : object টির subjective form + am being / is being / are being + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.
সুতরাং সঠিক passive form হবে - A letter is being written by me.
৫৯৮.
The indirect form of the sentence. He said, 'we cannot be quite happy in this life' should be
  1. He said that we could not be quite happy in this life.
  2. He said that we cannot be quite happy in this life.
  3. He said that they cannot be quite happy in this life.
  4. He said that they could not be quite happy in this life.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that we cannot be quite happy in this life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He said that we cannot be quite happy in this life.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: He said, 'we cannot be quite happy in this life'
• Indirect: He said that we cannot be quite happy in this life.

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে, Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম।
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Reported speech দ্বারা যদি কোনো চিরন্তন সত্য বা অভ্যাসগত কর্ম বা ঐতিহাসিক সত্য বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য প্রকাশ পায়, তবে Indirect Narration এ Tense এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না৷
- Reporting verb এর subject এবং verb অপরিবর্তিত ভাবে বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
৫৯৯.
The baby says, 'I am hungry'. (Make it indirect)
  1. The baby said that it was hungry
  2. The baby said that it is hungry.
  3. The baby says that it was hungry.
  4. The baby says that it is hungry.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The baby says that it is hungry.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The baby says that it is hungry.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- Reporting verb (said) past tense এ থাকায় reported speech এ am এর পরিবর্তে was হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

• যদি Reporting Verbটি Present বা Future tense এ থাকে, তাহলে Direct Speech কে Indirect করার সময় Verb এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
Example:
Direct: 'The farmer says, "I am busy."
Indirect: The farmer says that he is busy.

Direct: 'The farmer will say, "I am busy."
Indirect: The farmer will say that he is busy.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - The baby says that it is hungry.
৬০০.
Change the narration: Leona said to Rony, "Will you help me with this project?"
  1. Leona asked Rony if he would help her with that project.
  2. Leona asked Rony will he would help her with that project.
  3. Leona asked Rony if he would helped her with that project.
  4. Leona asked Rony if he helped her with that project.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Leona asked Rony if he would help her with that project.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Leona asked Rony if he would help her with that project.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
Sentence টি Interrogative sentence এ থাকলে,
- Reporting verb টি ask, inquire of, want to know, demand, wonder ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive এ পরিণত হয়।

• Interrogative sentence এ যদি W/H question word না থেকে যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তখন সেই বাক্যটিকে পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of বসে।
- Object বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- if/ whether বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- reported speech এর verb বসে।
- বাকি অংশ।

Structure: Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।

Direct: Promi said to her friend, "Will you go home?"
Indirect: Promi asked her friend if she would go home.

Direct: Leona said to Rony, "Will you help me with this project?"
Indirect: Leona asked Rony if he would help her with that project.