Voice, Narration and Degree

PrepBank · পাতা ১২ / ১৪ · ১,১০১–১,২০০ / ১,৩৫৬

১,১০১.

Change the speech: He said to me, ''Which book do you want?''

ক
He told me which book I wanted.
খ
He asked me which book I wanted.
গ
He asked me which book did he want.
ঘ
He said to me which book I wanted.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He asked me which book I wanted.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He asked me which book I wanted.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• The correct answer: He asked me which book I wanted.
- Reported speech এর অন্তর্গত Interrogative sentence টি যদি কোন Wh - question word দ্বারা শুরু হয়,তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে অর্থাৎ সেই Wh - question word টিই Conjunction হিসাবে বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি Auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে inverted comma তুলে, linker হিসেবে if/ whether বসবে।
- Direct speech এ present Indefinite tense থাকলে Indirect narration এ তা past indefinite tense হয়।

Structure : Sub + ask + object (যদি থাকে) + Interrogative Pronoun/
Interrogative adverb + Reported speech এর Subject + Verb + বাকি অংশ।
যেমন:
Direct : “What do you want?” She asked him.
Indirect : She asked him what he wanted.
Direct : He said to me, ''Where do you live?''
Indirect : He asked me where I lived.
Direct: He said to me, 'When did you come here'
Indirect: He asked me when I had gone there.
Direct : She said to me, ''Why don't you came on Monday'

১,১০২.

The indirect form of the sentence ''She said, It must be pretty late. I really must go!''should be:

ক
ক) She told it must have been really late and she really must go.
খ
খ) She said it must be pretty late and she really must go.
গ
গ) She said she was very late and she had to go.
ঘ
ঘ) She said it was pretty late and she should really go.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) She said she was very late and she had to go.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) She said she was very late and she had to go.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Narration এর বেলায় বাক্যে must থাকলে তা সাধারণত 'had to' তে রূপান্তরিত হয়।
সঠিক বাক্য- She said she was very late and she had to go.
যেহেতু উত্তর অপশনে that নেই তাই that ছাড়াই উত্তর হবে৷

১,১০৩.

Shiplo will say, "He writes a letter."(change into indirect speech)

ক
Shiplo will say that he writes a letter.
খ
Shiplo will told that he has written a letter.
গ
Shiplo will say that he has written a letter.
ঘ
Shiplo will told he writes a letter.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Shiplo will say that he writes a letter.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Shiplo will say that he writes a letter.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: Shiplo will say that he writes a letter.
- উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে Reporting verb "will say" এখানে Future tense এ আছে। তাই reported speech-এ verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হবে না।
- Reporting verb-এর পরে যেহেতু এখানে object নেই, তাই "told" ব্যবহার না করে "say" ব্যবহারই সঠিক।

• Direct speech এর reporting verb যদি Present tense বা Future tense থাকে,
- তবে reported speech এর verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- কেবল person পরিবর্তিত হয়,
- অর্থাৎ, 1st person (I, we) থাকলে Reporting Verb এর Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- 2nd person (you) থাকলে Reporting Verb এর Object অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- Reported speech এর 3rd person এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১০৪.

Father said to his son, "May the sun shine brightly on your special day." (Make it indirect)

ক
Father wished that the sun may shine brightly on his son's special day.
খ
Father wished that the sun might shine brightly on his son's special day.
গ
Father prayed that the sun may shine brightly on his special day.
ঘ
None of these

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Father wished that the sun might shine brightly on his son's special day.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Father wished that the sun might shine brightly on his son's special day.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct Speech: Father said to his son, "May the sun shine brightly on your special day."
Indirect Speech: Father wished that the sun might shine brightly on his son's special day.

• Optative sentence এর Direct speech কে indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
a) Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে wish বা pray বসে।
b) Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
c) Reported speech- এর Subject বসে।
d) may/might বসে।
e) Reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Structure: Subject + wish/pray + that + Reported speech এর subject + may/might + মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

১,১০৫.

We were painting the house.(change the voice)

ক
The house was being paint by us.
খ
The house was been painted by us.
গ
The house was being painted by us.
ঘ
We were being painted the house.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The house was being painted by us.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The house was being painted by us.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: The house was being painted by us.
- Past continuous tense হওয়ায় was being+মূল verb এর past participle form বসিয়ে Voice change করতে হবে।

Past continuous tense এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Subject অনুযায়ী was being/ were being বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।
- Structure: Object এর subject + Subject অনুযায়ী was being/ were being + মূল verb
এর past participle form + by + Subject এর object.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১০৬.

Make it indirect: Sumi said 'I am sorry'.

ক
Sumi said that she is sorry.
খ
Sumi apologized.
গ
Sumi made an apology.
ঘ
Both B + C

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Both B + C

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Both B + C

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- Mood অনুযায়ী বাক্যকে indirect speech এ পরিণত করা যায়।
- সে ক্ষেত্রে প্রথমে subject এবং তারপরেই verb বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, 'Sorry' যুক্ত direct speech কে Indirect করতে হলে,
- Indirect speech এ said এর পরিবর্তে made an apology or apologized বসে।
Structure: subject + made an apology/ apologized

Direct: Sumi said 'I am sorry'.
Indirect: Sumi apologized.
Or
Sumi made an apology.

১,১০৭.

Neither of them wanted to take the blame, _______________

ক
did they.
খ
didn't they?
গ
did they?
ঘ
weren't they?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

did they?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

did they?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Complete Sentence: Neither of them wanted to take the blame, did they?
→ anyone, any body, no one, nobody, none, neither হয়, সে ক্ষেত্রে 'Tag'- এর subject হবে they.
→ hardly, scarcely, seldom, nothing, none, no one, neither ইত্যাদি কোনো sentence- এ থাকলে, ওই sentence 'negative' expression দেয়।
→ এর ফলে প্রশ্ন প্রদও বাক্যটির tag 'affirmative' হয়েছে।
→ বাক্যটি past indefinite tense হওয়ায় Tag question এর ক্ষেত্রে did they হয়েছে।
→ tag question এর ক্ষেত্রে বাক্যের শেষে সবসময় question mark (?) বসে।

• সাধারণত Tag question ব্যবহৃত হয় পূর্বে উল্লেখিত কোন উক্তি সত্য না মিথ্যা তা নিশ্চিত হওয়ার জন্য।
• Statement 'positive' হলে tag question টা 'negative' হবে। আবার statement 'negative' হলে tag question 'positive' হবে।

More Example:
1. None can do this, can they?
2. Anyone is allowed to come in, are they?
3. Everybody could understand it, couldn't they?

১,১০৮.

Change the voice - Never forget your promises.

ক
Let never your promises be forgotten.
খ
Let not your promises be forgotten.
গ
Dont forget your promises.
ঘ
Let be never your promise forgotten.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Let never your promises be forgotten.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Let never your promises be forgotten.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Never যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে Passive করার structure:
- প্রথমে Let Never বসে
- Object টি Subject রূপে বসে
- be বসে
- মূল verb এর Past participle হয়।

তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let never a lie be told.

Active: Never forget your promises.
Passive: Let never your promises be forgotten.

১,১০৯.

He said that he ____ the previous day.

ক
ক) has come
খ
খ) had come
গ
গ) came
ঘ
ঘ) Arrived

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) had come

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) had come

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct Narration-এ yesterday থাকলে Indirect Narration-এ the previous day হয়।
প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি Direct Narration-এ Past Indefinite Tense-এ ছিলো, তাই Indirect Narration-এ Past Perfect Tense হবে।

১,১১০.

Linda is the best housewife. (Do Positive)

ক
ক) Very few housewife is as good as Linda.
খ
খ) No other housewife is as good as Linda.
গ
গ) Very few housewife are as good as Linda.
ঘ
ঘ) No other housewife are as good as Linda.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) No other housewife is as good as Linda.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) No other housewife is as good as Linda.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের Positive degree হচ্ছে No other housewife is as good as Linda.

• Superlative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- No other + প্রদত্ত Superlative এর পরের অংশ + verb + so/as + Superlative Degree এর Positive form + as + মূল sentence এর subject.

Superlative: Linda is the best housewife.
Positive: No other housewife is as good as Linda.

১,১১১.

His pen has been stolen. (active)

ক
His pen was stolen by him.
খ
Someone has stolen his pen.
গ
He has stolen his pen.
ঘ
They have stolen his pen by someone.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Someone has stolen his pen.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Someone has stolen his pen.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - খ) Someone has stolen his pen.
- এটি active voice.
- এখানে "someone" হলো কর্তা, "has stolen" হলো active form-এ ক্রিয়া, এবং "his pen" হলো ক্রিয়ার object।
- এটি মূল বাক্যের অর্থ অক্ষুণ্ণ রাখে।

Passive voice কে active voice এ রূপান্তর করার ক্ষেত্রে,
কোন passive voice এ যদি object উহ্য থাকে (যে object এর subject হওয়া বাঞ্চনীয়) সে ক্ষেত্রে passive voice টির অর্থ অনুযায়ী যথোপযুক্ত subject বসাতে হয়।

Passive: His pen has been stolen.
Active: Someone has stolen his pen.

Passive: He was murdered at day light.
Active: Someone murdered him at day light.

Passive: English is spoken all over the world.
Active: People speak English all over the world.

Passive: I had been invited to the party.
Active: My friend invited me to the party.

Passive: The ship was burnt.
Active: Fire burnt the ship.

Other options
ক) His pen was stolen by him
- এটি এখনো passive voice-এ আছে ("was stolen" হলো passive form)
- "by him" মূল বাক্যের অর্থের সাথে সামঞ্জস্যপূর্ণ নয়, কারণ এটি বোঝায় যে সে নিজেই তার কলম চুরি করেছে।

গ) He has stolen his pen
- এটি active voice-এ ঠিক আছে, কিন্তু অর্থগতভাবে ভুল, কারণ এটি বোঝায় যে সে নিজের কলম নিজে চুরি করেছে, যা মূল বাক্যের উদ্দেশ্য নয়।

ঘ) They have stolen his pen by someone
- ব্যাকরণগতভাবে ভুল।
- "By someone" passive voice-এ ব্যবহৃত হয়, এবং "they" এবং "by someone" একসাথে ব্যবহার অর্থহীন।

Source: Advance learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury And Hossain.

১,১১২.

He said to me, "Where are you going?"(change the narration)

ক
He asked me where was I going.
খ
He asked me where am I going.
গ
He asked me where I am going.
ঘ
He asked me where I was going.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He asked me where I was going.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He asked me where I was going.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: He asked me where I was going.

• Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর স্থলে ask / enquire ব্যবহার হয়।
- Inverted Comma উঠে গিয়ে if/ whether বসে।
- তবে reported Speech টি যদি "Wh" question দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে if/whether না বসে ঐ Pronoun টিই বসে।
- Pronoun ও Phrase গুলো ঠিকভাবে পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Direct speech টি Present Continuous Tense এ থাকলে Indirect করার সময় Past continuous tense এ পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- Interrogative sentence টিকে assertive sentence এ পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Structure: Subject + ask/asked + object + if/whether/wh + reported speech এর subject + Tense অনুসারে verb + extension.

Other options:
ক) He asked me where was I going.
- ভুল, কারণ Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার সময় Interrogative sentence টিকে assertive sentence এ পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

খ) He asked me where am I going.
- ভুল, কারণ Indirect speech এ সঠিকভাবে Tense এর পরিবর্তন করা হয়নি। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

গ) He asked me where I am going.
- ভুল, কারণ এক্ষেত্রেও Indirect speech এ সঠিকভাবে Tense এর পরিবর্তন করা হয়নি। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১১৩.

He said, “I am tired.”

ক
He said that he was tired.
খ
He said he is tired.
গ
He said that I am tired.
ঘ
He says that he was tired.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

He said that he was tired.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

He said that he was tired.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক উত্তরটি হলো: ক) He said that he was tired.

- Direct Speech (প্রত্যক্ষ উক্তি) He said, “I am tired.”
- থেকে Indirect Speech (পরোক্ষ উক্তি)-তে রূপান্তর করার সময় নিয়ম অনুযায়ী Tense পরিবর্তন হয়।
- এখানে Present Tense (am) Past Tense (was)-এ পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে।
- Pronoun (সর্বনাম), পরিবর্তিত হয়ে he হয়েছে, কারণ বক্তা অন্য কারো কথা বলছেন।
- Indirect Speech-এ that ব্যবহার ঐচ্ছিক, তবে এটি ব্যাকরণগতভাবে সঠিক।

• Other options:
খ) He said he is tired. : ভুল, কারণ Indirect Speech-এ Tense পরিবর্তন প্রয়োজন (এখানে is-এর পরিবর্তে was হওয়া উচিত)।

গ) He said that I am tired. : ভুল, কারণ Pronoun পরিবর্তন হয়নি (I-এর জায়গায় he হওয়া উচিত)।

ঘ) He says that he was tired. : ভুল, কারণ মূল বাক্যে Reporting Verb (said) Past Tense-এ আছে, তাই says (Present Tense) ব্যবহার সঠিক নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১১৪.

Change the voice- 'The parcel contains important materials.'

ক
Important materials are contained by the parcel.
খ
Important materials is contained by the parcel.
গ
Important materials are contained in the parcel.
ঘ
None

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Important materials are contained in the parcel.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Important materials are contained in the parcel.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• অনেক ক্ষেত্রে Active voice এর subject- কে object করার সময় by ছাড়া (অন্য preparation বসে। যেমন: to, at, on, with, for ইত্যাদি) Passive voice এ রুপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by ছাড়া অন্য preparation বসে। যেমন: to, in, at, on, with, for ইত্যাদি বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active voice: The parcel contains important materials.
• Passive voice: Important materials are contained in the parcel..

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১১৫.

When was Rihana born? [Active]

ক
By when was Rihana was born from her mother?
খ
By when was Rihana born?
গ
When did Rihana's mother bear her?
ঘ
When was Rihana being born?

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

When did Rihana's mother bear her?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

When did Rihana's mother bear her?

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive Voice এ যদি by + Object না থাকে এবং verb টি যদি পেশা বা নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর সাথে Related কাজ হয় তাহলে ঐ পেশাজীবী বা ঐ নির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর নাম Subject হিসেবে বসাতে হবে।
যেমন:
Passive: He was born in 1960.
Active: His mother bore him in 1960.

Passive: Water was irrigated.
Active: Farmers irrigated water.

• তেমনি ভাবে, When was Rihana born? - এই বাক্যে - by + Object নেই, তাই নিয়মানুসারে একটি subject আনতে হবে।
- সঠিক উত্তর হবে - When did Rihana's mother bear her?

১,১১৬.

You ought to follow the instructions. (make it passive)

ক
The instructions ought to be followed by you.
খ
The instructions ought be followed by you.
গ
The instructions are ought to be followed by you.
ঘ
The instructions have ought to be followed by you.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The instructions ought to be followed by you.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The instructions ought to be followed by you.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice এ Modal Auxiliary Verb থাকলে তা Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Modal Auxiliary verb গুলো হলো: Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should, Ought to, Used to, Must ইত্যাদি।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Active voice এর Modal verb টি বসে।
- be বসে।
- প্রদত্ত মুল verb এর past participle বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active Voice: You ought to follow the instructions.
• Passive voice: The instructions ought to be followed by you.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১১৭.

One should follow the rules. (make it passive)

ক
The rules should followed by one.
খ
The rules should be followed.
গ
The rules should be following.
ঘ
The rules are be followed.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The rules should be followed.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The rules should be followed.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• One + should যুক্ত Sentence কে Passive করার নিয়ম-
- Active Voice এর Object টি Passive Voice এ Subject হিসেবে বসে।
- should be বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

Active Voice: One should follow the rules.
Passive Voice: The rules should be followed.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১১৮.

They were building a house. (Change the voice)

ক
A house were being built by them.
খ
A house was being build by them.
গ
A house was built by them.
ঘ
A house was being built by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

A house was being built by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

A house was being built by them.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past continuous tense এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Subject অনুযায়ী was being/ were being বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Structure: Object এর subject + Subject অনুযায়ী was being/ were being + মূল verb এর past participle form + by + Subject এর object.

• Active voice: They were building a house.
• Passive voice: A house was being built by them.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১১৯.

"I will help Akbar", he said, "if I can". (Indirect)

ক
He said if he can he would help Akbar.
খ
He would help Akbar, he said, if he could.
গ
I would help Akbar, if I could, he said.
ঘ
He said that he would help Akbar if he could.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He said that he would help Akbar if he could.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He said that he would help Akbar if he could.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Narration এ reporting clause (he said, said he) ইত্যাদি, reported speech এর প্রথমে, মাঝখানে অথবা পিছনে থাকতে পারে।
- কিন্তু indirect speech এ reporting clause সব সময় বাক্যের প্রথমে বসাতে হয়।
- Reporting verb টি past tense এ হওয়ায়, Reported speech - ও past tense এ হবে।
- reported speech এর will এর পরিবর্তিত হয়ে would হবে, can হবে could.

Direct: "I will help Akbar", he said, "if I can".
Indirect: He said that he would help Akbar if he could.

১,১২০.

Change the narration:
He said, "Happy birthday!"

ক
He told me happy birthday.
খ
He wished me happy birthday.
গ
He said to me happy birthday.
ঘ
He greeted to me happy birthday.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He wished me happy birthday.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He wished me happy birthday.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) He wished me happy birthday.

- He said, "Happy birthday!"
• যখন কারও বক্তব্যে "Happy birthday," "Good evening," "Good night," ইত্যাদি শুভেচ্ছাবাচক শব্দ থাকে, তখন তা indirect speech-এ রূপান্তর করার সময় verb "wished" ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- প্রশ্নে "said" verb এর পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "wished" হবে, কারণ "Happy birthday!" একটি শুভেচ্ছাবাচক বাক্য।
Direct: He said, "Happy birthday!"
Indirect: He wished me happy birthday.

অন্য অপশনগুলোর মাঝে:
(ক) He told me happy birthday. → ভুল, কারণ "told" সাধারণত নির্দেশ বা তথ্য দেওয়ার ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয়, শুভেচ্ছার ক্ষেত্রে নয়।
(গ) He said to me happy birthday.→ ভুল, কারণ "said to" এখানে প্রাসঙ্গিক নয়, এবং এটি ইংরেজিতে সঠিক গঠন নয়।
(ঘ) He greeted to me happy birthday. → ভুল, কারণ "greeted" সাধারণত "Good morning" বা "Good evening"-এর ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে, কিন্তু "Happy birthday!" সাধারণত "wished" দিয়ে প্রকাশ করা হয়। আবার to প্রাসঙ্গিক নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১২১.

He said 'I am well'. Indirect form is -

ক
ক) He said that I was well
খ
খ) He said that he is well
গ
গ) He said that he was well
ঘ
ঘ) He said that I am well

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) He said that he was well

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) He said that he was well

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

পরিবর্তনসমূহ: 1. Reporting verb এর: said = said
2. Linker এর: that
3. Person এর: I = he
4. verb-এর: am = was

১,১২২.

He will submit the report. (make it passive)

ক
The report will be submitted by him.
খ
The report will be submited by him.
গ
The report will been submitted by him.
ঘ
The report will being submitted by him.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The report will be submitted by him.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The report will be submitted by him.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice এ Modal Auxiliary Verb থাকলে তা Passive voice করার নিয়ম:

- Modal Auxiliary verb গুলো হলো: Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should, Ought to, Used to, Must, ইত্যাদি।
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর Subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Active voice এর Modal verb টি বসে।
- be বসে।
- প্রদত্ত মুল verb এর past participle বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ Object হিসেবে বসে।

Active Voice: He will submit the report.
Passive Voice: The report will be submitted by him.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১২৩.

Despite being sick, Arabi went to college. (Make it complex)

ক
Though Arabi is sick, she went to college.
খ
If Arabi was sick, she went to college.
গ
Though Arabi was sick still she went to college.
ঘ
Though Arabi was sick, she went to college.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Though Arabi was sick, she went to college.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Though Arabi was sick, she went to college.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Simple to complex:
• Simple sentence এ যদি In spite of/ despite থাকে তাহলে complex sentence এ though/although বসে।

- Though/Although,
- subject,
- person ও number অনুসারে verb,
- 2nd clause (অপরিবর্তিত থাকে)।

Simple: Despite being sick, Arabi went to college.
Complex: Though Arabi was sick, she went to college.

১,১২৪.

Select the correct sentence:

ক
This is the most false statement.
খ
This is a false statement.
গ
This is the more false statement.
ঘ
This is false the most statement.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

This is a false statement.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

This is a false statement.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - খ) This is a false statement.

Supreme (সর্বোচ্চ, সর্ববৃহৎ), false (মিথ্যা), complete (সম্পূর্ণ), unique (অদ্বিতীয়), universal (বিশ্বজনীন, সর্বজনীন) প্রভৃতি word গুলো superlative এর অর্থ প্রদান করে বলে এদের আগে most বসে না।
যেমন:
Inc. It is the most unique opportunity.
Cor. It is a unique opportunity.
Inc. He has the most supreme power.
Cor. He has the supreme power.

Other options
ক) This is the most false statement.
- বাক্যটি ভুল,
- false এর সাথে superlative "most" ব্যবহার হয় না।

গ) This is the more false statement.
- false এর সাথে comparative "more" ব্যবহার হয় না।

ঘ) This is false the most statement.
- শব্দ বিন্যাস ভুল।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

১,১২৫.

He said, "Let her go to the picnic." (Make it indirect)

ক
He suggested that she may go to the picnic.
খ
He proposed that let her go to the picnic.
গ
He said that she might be gone to the picnic.
ঘ
He proposed that she could go to the picnic.
ঙ
He said that she might go to the picnic.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঙ

He said that she might go to the picnic.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঙ

He said that she might go to the picnic.

ঙ

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct Speech: He said, "Let her go to the picnic"
Indirect Speech: He said that she might go to the picnic.

• Let যুক্ত imperative sentence কে direct থেকে indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Reported Speech-টি যদি Let's/ Let us দিয়ে শুরু হয় তাহলে তা কোন প্রস্তাব বুঝায়।
- Let এর পর me, him, them থাকলে প্রস্তাব বুঝাবে না

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরিত করার সময় Let দ্বারা প্রস্তাব না বোঝালে Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে + Reported Verb এর subject পুনরায় বসে + might + reporting speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত হয়।

• Structure:
- Subject + প্রদত্ত Reporting verb + object যদি থাকে + that + Reported speech এর subject + might + reporting speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।

Example:
Direct Speech: She said, "Let him finish his work first."
Indirect Speech: She said that he might finish his work first.

Direct Speech: The teacher said, "Let the students submit their assignments today."
Indirect Speech: The teacher said that the students might submit their assignments that day.

Direct Speech: We said, "Let him tell the story."
Indirect Speech: We said that he might tell the story.

১,১২৬.

Identify the incorrect sentence:

ক
It was a universal truth.
খ
He is the supreme commander.
গ
This is the most unique concept.
ঘ
The statement is false.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

This is the most unique concept.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

This is the most unique concept.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

The required answer is - গ) This is the most unique concept.
“Unique” শব্দের অর্থ: এক ও অদ্বিতীয়।
- অর্থাৎ কোনো কিছুর তুলনা হয় না।
- তাই এর আগে “most”, “more”, “very” ব্যবহার করা হয় না।

Supreme (সর্বোচ্চ, সর্ববৃহৎ), false (মিথ্যা), complete (সম্পূর্ণ), unique (অদ্বিতীয়), universal (বিশ্বজনীন, সর্বজনীন) প্রভৃতি word গুলো superlative এর অর্থ প্রদান করে বলে এদের আগে most বসে না।
যেমন:
Inc. It is the most unique opportunity.
Cor. It is a unique opportunity.
Inc. He has the most supreme power.
Cor. He has the supreme power.

বাকি অপশনগুলো সঠিক।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

১,১২৭.

Fatema said, “I shall make a good result this year" (Make it Indirect)

ক
Fatema said that I shall make a good result the same year.
খ
Fatema said that she would make a good result that year.
গ
Fatema said that she shall make a good result this year.
ঘ
Fatema said that she would have made a good result that year.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Fatema said that she would make a good result that year.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Fatema said that she would make a good result that year.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- Future tense এর will/shall এর পরিবর্তে would ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- This week/month/year থাকলে তা পরিবর্তন হয়ে that or the same week/month/year.
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Direct: Fatema said, “I shall make a good result this year"
Indirect: Fatema said that she would make a good result that year.

Source: Advanced Learner's Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১২৮.

Change into indirect speech: 'Are you alone, my son?' asked a soft voice close behind me.

ক
ক) What I was doing there alone was asked by a soft voice.
খ
খ) A soft voice told me as his son and asked whether I was alone.
গ
গ) A soft voice from my behind asked me if I was alone.
ঘ
ঘ) Addressing me as his son a soft voice asked if I was alone.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) Addressing me as his son a soft voice asked if I was alone.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) Addressing me as his son a soft voice asked if I was alone.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech এ My son দ্বারা সম্বোধন করা বোঝানোর কারণে Addressing me as his son ব্যবহৃত হবে।
তাই সঠিক indirect speech: Addressing me as his son a soft voice asked if I was alone. (এখানে if - 'কি না' অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।

১,১২৯.

We said to the Principal, ‘‘Let us solve the issue.’’

ক
We asked the principal that we shall solve the issue.
খ
We said to the principal that we will solve the issue.
গ
We said to the principal that we might solve the issue.
ঘ
We proposed the principal solving the issue

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

We proposed the principal solving the issue

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

We proposed the principal solving the issue

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

ব্যাখ্যা:
Let-এর পরে us থাকলে indirect করার সময় Reporting Verbটি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose বা suggest হয়+ inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে + they/we + should বসে + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
অথবা, Sub + propose/suggest + object + gerund (Reported speech এর মূল Verb-এর সাথে ing) + বাকি অংশ

১,১৩০.

Tomy said to me, “What is your father?” (Make it Indirect)

ক
ক) Tomy asked me what was my father?
খ
খ) Tomy said to me what my father was.
গ
গ) Tomy asked me what my father was?
ঘ
ঘ) Tomy asked me what my father was.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) Tomy asked me what my father was.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) Tomy asked me what my father was.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Indirect Narration এ সব ধরনের বাক্যকে Assertive এ পরিণত করতে হয়।
তাই Auxiliary Verb- Subject এর পরে বসবে। নিয়ম অনুযায়ী is = was হবে এবং Subject এর পরে বসবে।

১,১৩১.

Arif said to me, “What is your aim in life?” (Make it indirect)

ক
ক) Arif asked me what was my aim in life.
খ
খ) Arif asked me what is my aim in life.
গ
গ) Arif asked me what my aim in life is.
ঘ
ঘ) Arif asked me what my aim in life was.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) Arif asked me what my aim in life was.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) Arif asked me what my aim in life was.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Interrogative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Reporting Verb -Say এর পরিবের্তে inquire (of + object) (জানতে চওয়া)/ ask (জিজ্ঞাসা করা) ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- Indirect এ সব ধরনের বাক্যকে Assertive Form এ লিখতে হবে, তাই Auxiliary Verb – Subject এর পর বসবে।
- আর Reporting Verb – Past Tense হওয়ায় Reported Speech এ is এর জায়গায় was হবে।

সব দিক বিবেচনায় সঠিক উত্তর ঘ) Arif asked me what my aim in life was.

১,১৩২.

The last word of the proverb, ‘Absence makes the heart grow ____’

ক
ক) sweeter
খ
খ) fonder
গ
গ) bigger
ঘ
ঘ) larger

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) fonder

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) fonder

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

পুরো proverbটি হবে- ‘Absence makes the heart grow fonder.’
অর্থ: অনুপস্থিতি অন্তরের ভালোবাসা আরো বাড়িয়ে তোলে।

১,১৩৩.

Give me the book. (make it passive)

ক
Let the book be given by me.
খ
Let the book be given at me.
গ
Let the book be given to me.
ঘ
Let the book be given for me.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the book be given to me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Let the book be given to me.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু করা Imparetive sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Let দিয়ে Passive voice এর বাক্যটি শুরু হবে।
- Active voice এর object টি Passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- অনেক ক্ষেত্রে Active voice এর Verb এরপর Passive voice এ by ছাড়া অন্য preparation বসে। যেমন: to, at, on, with, for ইত্যাদি।
- given এর সাথে passive voice এ by না হয়ে to বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active voice: Give me the book.
• Passive voice: Let the book be given to me.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৩৪.

He said, “I can finish the work today. (Indirect Speech)

ক
He said that he will finish the work that day.
খ
He said that he will be finished the work that day.
গ
He said that he can finish the work that day.
ঘ
He said that he could finish the work that day.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He said that he could finish the work that day.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He said that he could finish the work that day.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct sentence is: ঘ) He said that he could finish the work that day.

Direct Speech থেকে Indirect Speech করার ক্ষেত্রে,
Direct Speech এর Reporting verb টি past tense এ হওয়ায়, Reported speech ও past tense এ হবে।
reported speech এর will এর পরিবর্তিত হয়ে would হবে, can হবে could.
Example
- Direct Speech: He said, 'I shall/will be unable to come.'
- Indirect Speech: He said that he would be unable to come.

Other options
ক) He said that he will finish the work that day.
এখানে will ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, কিন্তু direct speech past tense হওয়ায় indirect speech-এ tense backshift করা উচিত।

খ) He said that he will be finished the work that day.
এখানে passive/tense ভুল; “will be finished” ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে যা সঠিক নয়।

গ) He said that he can finish the work that day.
এখানে can ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা present/future ability বোঝায়, কিন্তু past tense context-এ could ব্যবহার করা উচিত।

১,১৩৫.

The girl told him, ''Please be careful.'' (Make it indirect)

ক
ক) The girl told him to be careful.
খ
খ) The girl asked him not to be careless.
গ
গ) The girl requested to be careful by him.
ঘ
ঘ) The girl advised him to take care.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) The girl advised him to take care.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) The girl advised him to take care.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Reported speech এ যদি আদেশ, উপদেশ বা অনুরোধ সূচক বাক্য থাকে, তাহলে indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের সময়:
- sub + requested/ asked/ ordered/ advised + obj + to + verb + ext. এই structure অনুসরণ করা হয়।
- সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর হবে, The girl advised him to take care.

>> Imperative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে indirect করার সময় requested/ asked/ ordered/ advised ইত্যাদি বসাতে হয়।
এখানে Told হবে না।
>> Please থাকলে সাধারনত requested হয়, কিন্তু এখানে গ) অপশনের sentence এর structure এ ভুল থাকার কারণে এটা সঠিক উত্তর হবে না।
তাই এখানে সবচেয়ে গ্রহণযোগ্য উত্তর হবে - The girl advised him to take care.
>> 'Be careful' এর active form হিসেবে 'Take care' ব্যবহার করা যায়। এতে বাক্যের মুলভাব একই থাকে এবং অর্থের অসঙ্গতি ঘটে না।

১,১৩৬.

Choose the passive form of Visitors found him playing football.

ক
Visitors were found playing football by him.
খ
He was found playing football by visitors.
গ
Visitors found that football was played by him.
ঘ
He was playing football that was seen by visitors.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He was found playing football by visitors.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He was found playing football by visitors.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর: খ) He was found playing football by visitors.

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।

Active: Visitors found him playing football.
Passive: He was found playing football by visitors.

অন্য অপশনগুলোর সমস্যা:

ক) "Visitors were found playing football by him" - এখানে subject ও object ভুলভাবে পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে।

গ) "Visitors found that football was played by him" - ভুল, sentence-এর অর্থ ও structure পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে।

ঘ) "He was playing football that was seen by visitors" - ভুল, meaning পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে।

১,১৩৭.

Change the form of speech: They said, 'We cannot live without air'.

ক
ক) They realized that people could not live without air.
খ
খ) They said that human cannot live without air.
গ
গ) They said that we cannot live without air.
ঘ
ঘ) They said that it is not possible to live without air.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) They said that we cannot live without air.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) They said that we cannot live without air.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• They said that we cannot live without air হচ্ছে সঠিক উত্তর।

• প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের Reported speech টি চিরন্তন সত্য। তাই indirect narration এর ক্ষেত্রে verb-এর রূপ পরিবর্তন হবে না।
অতএব, প্রদত্ত বাক্যটির Indirect speech: They said that we cannot live without air.

১,১৩৮.

She said, "What a great achievement!" (Make it indirect Speech)

ক
She exclaimed that it was great achievement.
খ
She exclaimed that it was a very great achievement.
গ
She said that What it was a very great achievement.
ঘ
She exclaimed that it is a great achievement.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

She exclaimed that it was a very great achievement.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

She exclaimed that it was a very great achievement.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Speech: She said, "What a great achievement!"
Indirect Speech: She exclaimed that it was a very great achievement.
--------------------
• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Exclamatory sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Reported speech টি How বা What দ্বারা শুরু হলে অর্থাৎ, বাক্যের শুরুতে আতিশয্য বুঝালে Indirect Narration করার সময় -
- How বা What এর পরিবর্তে very, much, great ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- said এর পরিবর্তে exclaimed ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- এরপর কমার (,) বদলে that বসবে।
- Exclamatory Sentence টি Assertive Sentence এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- বাক্যে subject না থাকায় It কে subject হিসাবে ধরে নিতে হবে।
- reporting verb past tense থাকলে reported speech এর verb হবে past tense এ।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক, Indirect speech টি হবে - She exclaimed that it was a very great achievement.

• Direct Speech: He said, "What a beautiful sunset!"
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed that it was a very beautiful sunset.

১,১৩৯.

The committee agreed to implement the new policy. (Passive)

ক
The committee agreed that the new policy should be implemented.
খ
The committee agreed that the new policy has to be implemented.
গ
The committee agreed that the new policy to be implemented.
ঘ
The committee agreed that the new policy has been implemented.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The committee agreed that the new policy should be implemented.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The committee agreed that the new policy should be implemented.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

Active: Proma decided to sell the house.
Passive: Proma decided that the house should be sold.

Active: They agreed to sign the contract.
Passive: They agreed that the contract should be signed.

Active: The committee agreed to implement the new policy.
Passive: The committee agreed that the new policy should be implemented.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৪০.

The indirect form of: Riya said, "I must leave for the country."

ক
Riya said that she had to leave for the country.
খ
Riya said that she must be leave for the country.
গ
Riya said that she has leave for the country.
ঘ
Riya told that she has been leaving for the country.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Riya said that she had to leave for the country.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Riya said that she had to leave for the country.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct: Riya said, "I must leave for the country."
• Indirect: Riya said that she had to leave for the country.

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb হিসেবে say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech -এর first person 'I' - Reporting verb এর subject অনুযায়ী 'she' হবে।
- Direct speech এ must থাকলে Indirect speech এ 'had to' হয়।
- to এর পর verb এর base form বসে।
- বাকি অংশ বসে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১৪১.

The teacher said to the students, “Let us revise the lesson.” [indirect]

ক
The teacher suggested to the student that they should revise the lesson.
খ
The teacher suggested to the students that they should have revise the lesson.
গ
The teacher suggested to the students that they should revise the lesson.
ঘ
The teacher suggested to the students they should revise the lesson.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The teacher suggested to the students that they should revise the lesson.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The teacher suggested to the students that they should revise the lesson.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Let এর ব্যবহার:
- let যখন proposal কিংবা suggestion অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন reporting verb এ propose’ কিংবা ‘suggest’ বসে।
- বাক্যে finite verb এর আগে Modal auxiliary ‘should’ ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- দুইটি বাক্যকে যুক্ত করতে ‘that’ বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Example:
Direct: He said to me, “Let us go home.”
Indirect: He proposed to me that we should go home.

Direct: The teacher said to the students, “Let us revise the lesson.”
Indirect: The teacher suggested to the students that they should revise the lesson.

Other options,

ক) The teacher suggested to the student that they should revise the lesson.
- “student” singular, কিন্তু original ছিল students (plural).

খ) The teacher suggested to the students that they should have revise the lesson.
- “have revise” ভুল, সঠিক হবে “should revise”.

ঘ) The teacher suggested to the students they should revise the lesson.
- “that” বাদ দেওয়া হয়েছে, যা grammatically ভুল।

১,১৪২.

I watched him play football. (Make it passive)

ক
He was watched playing football by me.
খ
He was watched to playing football by me.
গ
He was watch play football by me.
ঘ
He was watched to play football by me.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He was watched to play football by me.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He was watched to play football by me.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Make, See, Feel, Let, Know, heed, Bid, Dare, Watch ইত্যাদি Verb থাকলে Active Voice কে Passive Voice রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Object টি Passive voice এর Subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past participle form বসে।
- Make, See, Feel, Let, Know, heed, Bid, Dare, Watch ইত্যাদি Verb থাকলে Active Voice এ to উহ্য থাকে।
- কিন্তু Passive করার সময় তাদের পর to বসে এবং ২য় verb টির Present form বসে।
- তবে, Let Verb টির পরে Active ও Passive Voice এ To বসে না।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

• Active Voice: I watched him play football.
• Passive Voice: He was watched to play football by me.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৪৩.

They demanded to cancel the match. (Make it passive)

ক
They demanded that the match should cancelled.
খ
They demanded that the match should be cancelled.
গ
They demanded that the match should been cancelled.
ঘ
They demanded that the match should being cancelled.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

They demanded that the match should be cancelled.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

They demanded that the match should be cancelled.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive object যুক্ত sentence কে active voice কে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসে।
- Infinitive এর পরের object বসবে।
- should be বসে।
- Infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসে।

• Active voice: They demanded to cancel the match.
• Passive voice: They demanded that the match should be cancelled.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৪৪.

You must do the job (make it passive).

ক
The job must be done by you.
খ
You must be done the job.
গ
The job must been done by you.
ঘ
The job may be done by you.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The job must be done by you.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The job must be done by you.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: You must do the job
Passive Voice: The job must be done by you.

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice পরিবর্তন করার সময় এদের পরে be বসে এবং তার পরেই মূল Verb টির Past Participle বসে।
- Structure: Object টির Subject form + may/might-+ be + মূল verb এর Past Participle+ by + subject টির objective form.

Other options:
খ) You must be done the job.
- Voice change এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice এর object টিকে passive voice এর Subject এ পরিণত করতে হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

গ) The job must been done by you.
- must যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice পরিবর্তন করার সময় এদের পরে 'be' বসে এবং তার পরেই মূল Verb টির Past Participle বসে। এখানে 'been' যুক্ত করা হয়েছে যা সঠিক নয়।

ঘ) The job may be done by you.
- must যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice পরিবর্তন করার সময় এদের পরে 'be' বসে এবং তার পরেই মূল Verb টির Past Participle বসে।এখানে must এর পরিবর্তে may ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে যা সঠিক নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১৪৫.

He said to me, "may Allah bless you". Indirect narration is-

ক
He wished that Allah might bless him
খ
He wished to me that Allah might bless him
গ
He wished that Allah might bless me
ঘ
He prayed that Allah might bless him

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He wished that Allah might bless me

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He wished that Allah might bless me

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী Optative sentence কে indirect speech এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে wish/pray বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject বসে।
- May/might বসে।

• Example:
Direct: He said to me, 'May Allah bless you.'
Indirect: He wished that Allah might bless me.

১,১৪৬.

He asked me, 'How old is your mother'? (Make it indirect)

ক
ক) He asked me about my mother's age.
খ
খ) He asked me how old my mother is.
গ
গ) He asked my mother's age.
ঘ
ঘ) He asked me how old my mother was.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) He asked me how old my mother was.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) He asked me how old my mother was.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Reporting verb এর tense অনুযায়ী indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
- reporting verb এবং reporting speech উভয়েই present indefinite থাকলে, indirect করার সময় reported speech কে past indefinite tense এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে।
- reporting speech এ is থাকলে was হবে।
- Said to থাকলে asked হবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - He asked me how old my mother was.

১,১৪৭.

I said to him, “Would you please open the window?” (Make it Indirect)

ক
ক) I politely requested him to open the window.
খ
খ) He asked me if I would please open the window.
গ
গ) He asked me if I whether open the window.
ঘ
ঘ) He inquired of me that I would open the window.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) I politely requested him to open the window.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) I politely requested him to open the window.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Would you please ....? এ ধরনের বাক্য গঠনগতভাবে Interrogative হলেও অর্থগতভাবে Imperative হয়ে থাকে।
আর এটা দিয়ে বিনম্র অনুরোধ বোঝানো হয়ে থাকে। (আর মনে রাখতে হবে, Narration Change এর ক্ষেত্রে অর্থের উপর Focus করতে হয় বেশি।)
তাই Indirect Narration করার সময় এখানে Reporting Verb ‘said’ = ‘requested’ বসবে। পাশাপাশি বিনম্রভাবে বুঝানোর জন্য politely ব্যবহৃত হবে।
আর Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত to+Verb বসে।
তাই সঠিক উত্তর (ক)।

১,১৪৮.

He arranged to see the football match. (make it passive)

ক
He arranged that the football match to be seen.
খ
He arranged that the football match should be seen.
গ
He arranged that the football match is being seen.
ঘ
He arranges that the football match has to be seen.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He arranged that the football match should be seen.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He arranged that the football match should be seen.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Agree / be anxious / arrange / determine / be determined / decide / demand + infinitive object যুক্ত Sentence কে Active voice কে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর Subject ও Verb বসবে।
- that বসে।
- Infinitive এর পরের Object বসবে।
- should be বসে।
- Infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসে।

Active: He arranged to see the football match.
Passive: He arranged that the football match should be seen.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৪৯.

The teacher said to me, “Fool, keep silent”. (Indirect)

ক
ক) The teacher said to me that fool kept silent.
খ
খ) Addressing me a fool, the teacher requested me to keep silent.
গ
গ) Calling me a fool, the teacher told me to keep silent.
ঘ
ঘ) Calling me fool, the teacher told me to keep silent.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Calling me a fool, the teacher told me to keep silent.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Calling me a fool, the teacher told me to keep silent.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

খারাপ সম্বোধন হলে Calling বসে।
Common Noun Singular হলে এর পূর্বে অবশ্যই a/an/the বসবে (ঘ)।

১,১৫০.

Make it passive: Will they finish the project on time?

ক
Will the project been finished on time by them?
খ
Will the project to be finished on time by them?
গ
Will the project finished on time by them?
ঘ
Will the project be finished on time by them?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Will the project be finished on time by them?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Will the project be finished on time by them?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Will they finish the project on time?
Passive: Will the project be finished on time by them?

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

অন্য অপশনগুলো ভুল কারণ:

ক) Will the project been finished on time by them?
– “been” এর আগে “be” থাকা উচিত।

খ) Will the project to be finished on time by them?
– “to” ব্যবহার করা ভুল।

গ) Will the project finished on time by them?
– “be” বাদ গেছে, তাই grammatically ভুল।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১৫১.

Change into indirect form - He said, "I am writing a letter".

ক
ক) He said that he was writing a letter.
খ
খ) He said that he is writing a letter.
গ
গ) He said that he has written a letter.
ঘ
ঘ) He said that he has been writing a letter.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) He said that he was writing a letter.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) He said that he was writing a letter.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

যদি reporting verb past indefinite tense এর হয় এবং reported speech হয় present continuous tense তাহলে এর indirect speech হবে past continuous tense এ।
যেহেতু প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্য - He said, "I am writing a letter" এ, reporting verb past indefinite tense এবং reported speech টি present continuous tense এ আছে, তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - He said that he was writing a letter.

১,১৫২.

Rumana said to him, "Please help me with my assignment." (make it indirect)

ক
Rumana ordered him to help her with her assignment.
খ
Rumana requested him to help her with her assignment.
গ
Rumana commanded him to help her with her assignment.
ঘ
Rumana told him to help her with her assignment.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Rumana requested him to help her with her assignment.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Rumana requested him to help her with her assignment.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Subject + request/ order/ advice/ beg/ forbid বসে।
- Object বসে।
- to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী person পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- reported verb- টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order / command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হবে।

• Direct speech: Rumana said to him, "Please help me with my assignment."
• Indirect speech: Rumana requested him to help her with her assignment.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৫৩.

In indirect narration, ‘tonight / now / tomorrow’ change to -

ক
ক) that night / then / the previous day
খ
খ) this night / then / the next day
গ
গ) that night / now / the next day
ঘ
ঘ) that night / then / the next day

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) that night / then / the next day

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) that night / then / the next day

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Narration এ direct থেকে indirect এ নেওয়ার সময় নৈকট্যসূচক শব্দগুলো দূরত্ববাচক শব্দে পরিবর্তন হয়। কিছু সময়বাচক শব্দও পরিবর্তন হয়। নিম্নে তা উল্লেখ করা হলো:
Now - then
Tonight - That night
Tomorrow - The next day
This - That
These - Those
Last night - The previous night
Ago - Before
Here - There
Yesterday - The previous day
Today - That day
Come - Go
Hither - Thither
সুতরাঃ উত্তর অপশন d.

১,১৫৪.

You might do something for the poor. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) You may be done something for the poor.
খ
খ) You might be done something the poor.
গ
গ) You might be doing something for the poor.
ঘ
ঘ) You must do something for the poor.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) You might be done something the poor.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) You might be done something the poor.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• বাক্যে May, might, can, could, must ইত্যাদি modal verb থাকলে
- Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- modal verb + be + past participle
সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - You might be done something the poor.

১,১৫৫.

He said, ''I came yesterday'. (Make it Direct)

ক
He told me that he had came yesterday.
খ
He told that he had came yesterday.
গ
He said that he had come yesterday.
ঘ
He said to me that he had come yesterday.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He said that he had come yesterday.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

He said that he had come yesterday.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Direct speech এ said to থাকলে indirect speech এ তা পরিবর্তিত হয়ে told হবে এবং reporting verb এর tense অনুযায়ী indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
- কমার বদলে that বসবে।
- reporting verb এবং reporting speech উভয়েই past indefinite থাকলে, indirect করার সময় reported speech কে past perfect tense এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে।

সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - He said that he had come yesterday.

১,১৫৬.

Which one is correct: He said to me ''May you be happy''

ক
ক) He told that I might be happy.
খ
খ) He reported that I might be happy.
গ
গ) He said that I might be happy.
ঘ
ঘ) He wished that I might be happy.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) He wished that I might be happy.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) He wished that I might be happy.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Optative sentence হলে indirect speech করার সময় ‍said এর পরিবর্তে wished / prayed হবে। এবং reporting verb অনুসারে অনুসারে tense এর পরিবর্তন হয়।
এখানে তাই সঠিক indirect speech হবে - He wished that I might be happy.
He said to me, “May you have wealth.’’ – বাক্যটির indirect speech হবে - He wished me that I might have wealth.

১,১৫৭.

He will say, 'I did not go there.' (Make it indirect)

ক
He said that he had not went there.
খ
He said that he had not gone there.
গ
He will say that he had not gone there.
ঘ
He will say that he did not go there.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He will say that he did not go there.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He will say that he did not go there.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct to Indirect speech without changing tense:
- Reporting verb এর tense present বা future tense এ হলে Reported speech এর verb এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হবেনা।
- শুধুমাত্র person এর পরিবর্তন হবে।
- Direct: He will say, 'I did not go there.'
- Indirect: He will say that he did not go there.
- উপরোক্ত বাক্যটি থেকে দেখা যায়
- Direct speech এ Reporting verb হচ্ছে future tense এ।
- তাই Indirect speech এ verb এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হবেনা।
- শুধুমাত্র Reported speech এর person পরিবর্তন হয়ে he হয়েছে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language By S.M. Zakir Hossain

১,১৫৮.

Pitter said to me, “What is your aim in life?” (Make it indirect)

ক
ক) Pitter asked me what was my aim in life.
খ
খ) Pitter asked me what is my aim in life.
গ
গ) Pitter asked me what my aim in life is.
ঘ
ঘ) Pitter asked me what my aim in life was.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) Pitter asked me what my aim in life was.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

ঘ) Pitter asked me what my aim in life was.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Interrogative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Reporting Verb -Say এর পরিবের্তে inquire (of + object) (জানতে চওয়া)/ ask (জিজ্ঞাসা করা) ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
Indirect এ সব ধরনের বাক্যকে Assertive Form এ লিখতে হবে, তাই Auxiliary Verb – Subject এর পর বসবে।
আর Reporting Verb – Past Tense হওয়ায় Reported Speech এ is এর জায়গায় was হবে।

১,১৫৯.

He addressed Mr. Rahman and wished him good morning. বাক্যটির direct speech হবে-

ক
ক) He said, ''Good morning, Mr. Rahman''.
খ
খ) He said, ''Good morning to Mr. Rahman''.
গ
গ) He bade good morning to Mr. Rahman.
ঘ
ঘ) He said to Mr. Rahman, ''Good morning''.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) He said, ''Good morning, Mr. Rahman''.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) He said, ''Good morning, Mr. Rahman''.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটির Indirect Speech-
He said, ''Good morning, Mr. Rahman''.

১,১৬০.

Akhi said to me, 'We are going to Rajshahi tomorrow.' ( Make it Indirect)

ক
Akhi told me that they will be going to Rajshahi the next day.
খ
Akhi told me that they would be going to Rajshahi the next day.
গ
Akhi told to me that they are going to Rajshahi the next day.
ঘ
Akhi told me that they were going to Rajshahi the next day.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Akhi told me that they were going to Rajshahi the next day.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

Akhi told me that they were going to Rajshahi the next day.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Direct speech এ said to থাকলে indirect speech এ তা পরিবর্তিত হয়ে told হবে এবং reporting verb এর tense অনুযায়ী indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
- কমার বদলে that বসবে।
- Direct speech এ reporting verb (said) past tense এ থাকায়, Indirect speech এ reported speech এর verb ও past tense এ থাকবে।
- reporting speech টি present continuous tense এ থাকলে indirect speech এ তা past continuous হবে।
- এবং tomorrow থাকলে the next day বসবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Akhi told me that they were going to Rajshahi the next day.

১,১৬১.

Sarah _____________ that she was planning to travel around the world for a year.

ক
says her best friend
খ
was telling to her
গ
told her best friend
ঘ
said her best friend

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

told her best friend

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

told her best friend

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• বাক্যটি Indirect speech এ আছে।
- That এর পরের অংশে past tense থাকায় এর পূর্বের অংশের tense ও past tense হবে।
- told + object এবং said to + object এভাবে বসে।
- অর্থাৎ, told এরপর to বসে না এবং said এরপর সরাসরি object আসে নাই।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - told her best friend.
- Complete Sentence: Sarah told her best friend that she was planning to travel around the world for a year.

১,১৬২.

They punished themselves(make it passive)

ক
They were punished by themselves.
খ
They were punished themselves.
গ
They themselves were punished by them.
ঘ
Themselves were punished by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

They were punished by themselves.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

They were punished by themselves.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: They were punished by themselves.
- Reflexive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার সময় Active voice এর Subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় Passive voice এর Subject হিসাবে প্রথমে বসে।

• Reflexive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reflexive object গুলো হচ্ছে- himself, myself, themself, ourself etc.
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর Subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় Passive voice এর Subject হিসাবে প্রথমে বসে
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে
- by বসে + Reflexive object টি বসে।

Other Options:
খ) They were punished themselves.
- Reflexive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার সময় by বসে + Reflexive object টি বসে। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

গ) They themselves were punished by them.
- Reflexive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার সময় by এর পরে Reflexive object টি বসে। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

ঘ) Themselves were punished by them.
- Reflexive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার সময় Reflexive object টি সর্বশেষে বসে। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১৬৩.

Make it passive: Do you know them?

ক
Are they known with you?
খ
Are they known to you?
গ
They be known by you?
ঘ
Do you know to them?

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Are they known to you?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

Are they known to you?

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice: Do you know them?
Passive form: Are they known to you?

• Active voice কে Passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb,
- মূল verb এর past participle,
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to ,in) বসে।
- আর known এর পর preposition to ব্যবহৃত হয়।

১,১৬৪.

My wife said to me, "May you get the job."

ক
My wife suggested that I might get the job.
খ
My wife wished that I might get the job.
গ
My wife told me that I might get the job.
ঘ
My wife wished me to get the job.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

My wife wished that I might get the job.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

My wife wished that I might get the job.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is: খ) My wife wished that I might get the job.

Optative Sentence এ Narration পরিবর্তন এর নিয়ম :
(a) Reporting Verb-এর পরিবর্তে wish বা pray বসে +
(b) Inverted Comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে +
(c) Reported Speech-এর Subject বসে +
(d) may/might বসে +
(e) Reported Speech -এর মূল Verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ হয়।

Structure: Subject + wish/pray + that + Reported speech- এর Subject + may/might + মূল Verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ।

Direct: Father said to me, "May you pass the examination."
Indirect: Father prayed that I might pass the examination.

Direct: The teacher said to the students, "May Allah bless you."
Indirect: The teacher wished that Allah might bless the student.

Source: Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury and Hossain.

১,১৬৫.

Sarah is brighter than most other students in the class. (Make it superlative)

ক
ক) Sarah is the most bright students in the class.
খ
খ) Sarah is the brightest students in the class.
গ
গ) Sarah is one of the brightest students in the class.
ঘ
ঘ) Sarah is the brightest student in the class.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Sarah is one of the brightest students in the class.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Sarah is one of the brightest students in the class.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Comparative Degree তে than many other/ than most other থাকলে Superlative করার সময় the + superlative degree + ‍Singular Noun বসে।
- Structure: Subject + Verb + one of the + Comparative Degree-এর Superlative form + most other/ few other এর পরের অংশ।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী - Sarah is one of the brightest students in the class.

১,১৬৬.

Choose the correct sentence:

ক
This is the uniquest opportunity.
খ
This is most unique opportunity.
গ
This is a unique opportunity.
ঘ
This is a most unique opportunity.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

This is a unique opportunity.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

This is a unique opportunity.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct sentence: গ) This is a unique opportunity.

• Degree of comparison নিয়ম অনুসারে,
- Absolute, excellent, extreme, supreme, perfect, unique, ইত্যাদি absolute adjective গুলো নিজেরাই superlative এর অর্থ প্রদান করে, তাই এদের পূর্বে more, most, very বা অন্য কোনো qualifier বসে না।

- "Unique" একটি absolute adjective (যার অর্থ "একক বা অতুলনীয়"), তাই এর সাথে comparative বা superlative degree ব্যবহার করা যায় না।
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে- This is a unique opportunity.

অন্যদিকে,
ক) This is the uniquest opportunity.
- এটি ভুল কারণ, "the + uniquest" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, "uniquest" শব্দটি ভুল।

খ) This is most unique opportunity.
- "most unique" - degree modifier ভুল, unique এর সাথে most বসে না।

ঘ) This is a most unique opportunity.
- "a most unique" ভুল, unique এর সাথে most বসে না, শুধু a unique হবে।

১,১৬৭.

The chef cooked a delicious meal. (Change into passive voice)

ক
A delicious meal is cooked by the chef.
খ
A delicious meal was cooked by the chef.
গ
A delicious meal was being cooked by the chef.
ঘ
A delicious meal is being cooked by the chef.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

A delicious meal was cooked by the chef.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

A delicious meal was cooked by the chef.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: A delicious meal was cooked by the chef.
- Active Voice টি Past Indefinite Tense হওয়ায় "was" + মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

• Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর:
- Active Voice এর object, Passive Voice এর Verb এর Subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Active Voice এর Subject, Passive Voice এর Verb এর Object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Tense এবং mood অনুযায়ী be verb বসে।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- Object এর পূর্বে by (to/ with/at/in) Preposition বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৬৮.

সহজ নিয়ম : Anwar said, 'I have done the sum.' বাক্যটির indirect speech হবে __

ক
ক) Anwar said that I have done the sum.
খ
খ) Anwar said that I had done the sum.
গ
গ) Anwar said that he had done the sum.
ঘ
ঘ) Anwar said that he has done the sum.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Anwar said that he had done the sum.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Anwar said that he had done the sum.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- প্রথমত, reporting verb এর tense অনুযায়ী indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
- reporting verb এবং reporting speech উভয়েই past indefinite থাকলে, indirect করার সময় reported speech কে past perfect tense এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে।
- কমার বদলে that বসবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Anwar said that he had done the sum.

১,১৬৯.

She asked me, "Do you know the answer?" (Make it Indirect Speech)

ক
She asked me if I know the answer.
খ
She asked me if I knew the answer.
গ
She asked me if I had known the answer.
ঘ
She asked me whether I know the answer.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

She asked me if I knew the answer.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

She asked me if I knew the answer.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Answer:
B) She asked me if I knew the answer.

• Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম:
- Subject + ask + object + if/whether + reported speech এর subject + Tense অনুসারে verb + extension.

• উক্ত বাক্যে reported verb টি present indefinite tense এ রয়েছে।
- তাই, indirect speech এ reported verb টি past indefinite tense হবে।

• More Example:
Direct: She asked me, ‘Are you happy in your new job?
Indirect: She asked me if I was happy in my new job.

১,১৭০.

Choose the correct indirect speech:
She says, “I like reading novels.”

ক
She said that she liked reading novels.
খ
She says that she liked reading novels.
গ
She says that she likes reading novels.
ঘ
She says that she is liking reading novels.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

She says that she likes reading novels.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

She says that she likes reading novels.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর: She says that she likes reading novels.

→ Direct speech এর reporting verb যদি present tense, present perfect tense, বা future tense থাকে, তবে reported speech এর verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
→ কেবল person পরিবর্তিত হয়।
→ মূল বাক্যটি Present Simple Tense-এ আছে ("I like reading novels.")
→ উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে Reporting verb "says" present tense রয়েছে, তাই Reported Speech-এর tense পরিবর্তন হবে না।
→ অর্থাৎ, "like" একইভাবে "likes" থাকবে, কারণ subject She (3rd person singular number) এবং present indefinite tense-এ রয়েছে।
→ "that" যোগ করা হয় inverted comma (") বাদ দিয়ে।
→ তাই সঠিক Indirect Speech: "She says that she likes reading novels."

Examples:
• Direct speech: "He says, "I am learning French."
• Indirect speech: He says that he is learning French.
• Direct speech: He says, "I am ill."
• Indirect speech: He says that he is ill.

১,১৭১.

The indirect form of - He said, 'Let me have some milk.'

ক
He asked to have some milk.
খ
He wished that he might have some milk.
গ
He wanted to have some milk.
ঘ
He prayed to have some milk.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He wished that he might have some milk.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He wished that he might have some milk.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Let যুক্ত imperative sentence কে direct থেকে indirect করার নিয়ম:

- Reported speech "Let me/him/her" দিয়ে শুরু হলে indirect করার সময় said/wished/desired হবে।
- এবং এর পরে that + sub + might/should + Verb এর (base form) বসবে।

Direct: He said, 'Let me have some milk.'
Indirect: He wished that he might have some milk.

১,১৭২.

"You all did a great job!" praised the coach. (Change the speech)

ক
The coach praised that they all done a great job.
খ
The coach said that they have all done a great job.
গ
The coach told that they all did a great job.
ঘ
The coach praised that they had all done a great job.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The coach praised that they had all done a great job.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

The coach praised that they had all done a great job.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct speech: "You all did a great job!" praised the coach.
• Indirect speech: The coach praised that they had all done a great job.

• Exclamatory sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, direct speech থেকে indirect speech করার নিয়ম:
- Direct speech দ্বারা আনন্দ বুঝালে Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "exclaimed/ exclaimed with joy" আর দুঃখ বুঝালে "exclaimed/exclaimed with sorrow/ grief" হয়।
- তবে কখনো কখনো অর্থ অনুযায়ী Direct speech -এর Reporting verb টিই বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে linker হিসেবে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech -এর Subject বসে।
- Direct narration -এর reported speech -এ যদি past indefinite tense থাকে, তাহলে Indirect narration -এ past perfect tense হবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে (যদি থাকে)।

• যেমন:
- Direct speech: "You have all done very badly!" remarked the teacher.
- Indirect speech: The teacher remarked that they had all done it very badly.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Indirect speech হলো - The coach praised that they had all done a great job.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

১,১৭৩.

Please do not enter the room. (Make it passive)

ক
You are requested to enter the room.
খ
Entering the room is not allowed.
গ
You are requested not to enter the room.
ঘ
You are not allowed to enter the room.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

You are requested not to enter the room.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

You are requested not to enter the room.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• 'Please' যুক্ত Imperative sentence কে Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Please/ kindly এর পরিবর্তে Passive Voice- এ 'You are requested to' বসে।
- Negative sentence এ to এর পূর্বে not বসে।
- Principal verb থেকে বাকি অংশ বসে।
- Active voice টি Present Tense এ রয়েছে তাই Passive Voice এ 'Present Tense' হয়েছে।

• Active voice: Please do not enter the room.
• Passive voice: You are requested not to enter the room.

Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition by P. C. Das.

১,১৭৪.

The students said, "Hurrah! Our team has defeated the titleholders." (Make it indirect)

ক
The students exclaimed with joy that their team had defeated the titleholders.
খ
The students said that their team defeated the titleholders.
গ
The students bade that their team had defeated the titleholders.
ঘ
The students exclaimed with grief that their team had defeated the titleholders.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The students exclaimed with joy that their team had defeated the titleholders.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

The students exclaimed with joy that their team had defeated the titleholders.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Speech এ আনন্দ বুঝালে:
- Subject + Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Exclaim/ Exclaimed with joy বসে। (দুঃখ বুঝালে Exclaim/ Exclaimed with sorrow or grief বসে।)
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb অনুযায়ী reported speech এর verb বসবে।
- very/ great
- adjective বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ (যদি থাকে)।

Direct: The students said, "Hurrah! Our team has defeated the titleholders."
Indirect: The students exclaimed with joy that their team had defeated the titleholders.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৭৫.

Change into indirect speech:
She said, "Please sit down."

ক
She request to sit down.
খ
She requested me to sit down.
গ
She requested me sitting down.
ঘ
Her request was to sit down.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

She requested me to sit down.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

She requested me to sit down.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) She requested me to sit down.

- She said, "Please sit down."
- মূল বাক্য একটি imperative sentence.
- Reported speech এ “request + object + to + verb” ফর্ম ব্যবহার হয়।
- “Please” সরাসরি বাক্যে থাকে না।
- “Me” অর্থাৎ যাকে বলা হচ্ছে, সেটি উল্লেখ করা হয়।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো “She requested me to sit down.”

Other options:
ক) She requested to sit down.
- কিন্তু এখানে কার উদ্দেশ্যে অনুরোধ তা নেই - object (me) অনুপস্থিত।

গ) She requested me sitting down.
- Grammatically ভুল - “requested me sitting” সঠিক নয়।

ঘ) Her request was to sit down.
- এটি অর্থে সঠিক হলেও indirect speech নয়, বরং sentence structure পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১৭৬.

The Teacher said to the students, “Do not make noise.” (Make it indirect)

ক
ক) The teacher forbade the students not to make noise.
খ
খ) The teacher asked the students not to make noise.
গ
গ) The teacher forbade the students to make noise.
ঘ
ঘ) The teacher ordered the students to do not to make noise.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) The teacher forbade the students to make noise.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) The teacher forbade the students to make noise.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• বাক্যটি নিষেধ/উপদেশমূলক হওয়ায় said এর পরিবর্তে advised/forbade/ordered ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যের indirect speech এ advised এবং ordered ব্যবহৃত হলে not to ব্যবহৃত হবে কিন্তু forbade নিজেই না বোধক হওয়ায় এর পর not বসবে না শুধু to + verb বসবে।

- যেমন: The Teacher said to the students, “Do not make noise.”
এর indirect speech হতে পারে।
1- The teacher ordered/advised the students not to make noise.
2- The teacher forbade the students to make noise.
• যেহেতু প্রশ্নের অপশনে - The teacher forbade the student to make noise রয়েছে, তাই এটিই সঠিক উত্তর।

আরো উদাহরণ:
• Direct speech: 'Don't waste your time' the boss said to the employees.
1- The boss ordered/advised the employees not to waste their time.
2- The boss forbade the employees to waste their time.

• Direct speech: John said to me, “Don’t conceal anything”.
Indirect speech: John forbade me to conceal anything.

• Direct speech: My father said to me, “Do not waste your time.”
Indirect speech: My father forbade me to waste my time.

১,১৭৭.

The officer said to the soldiers, "Fire at the enemy."(change into indirect speech)

ক
The officer told the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
খ
The officer advised the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
গ
The officer ordered the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
ঘ
The officer forbid the soldiers to fire at the enemy.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The officer ordered the soldiers to fire at the enemy.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

The officer ordered the soldiers to fire at the enemy.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct: The officer said to the soldiers, "Fire at the enemy."
Indirect: The officer ordered the soldiers to fire at the enemy.
- এটি একটি Imperative sentence হওয়ায় এবং বাক্যটি আদেশ সূচক হওয়ার কারণে এখানে "said to" এর পরিবর্তে ordered বসিয়ে Indirect speech করা হয়েছে।

• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise বসে, অনুরোধ বোঝালে request বসে,
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে,
- তবে, Negative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে not to বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত পরবর্তী অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- Structure: Subject + request/order/ advise/ told/ instructed + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain

১,১৭৮.

"Mount Everest is higher than any other mountain in the world." (Make it superlative):

ক
Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
খ
Mount Everest is the most highest mountain in the world.
গ
Mount Everest is one of the highest mountains in the world.
ঘ
Mount Everest is one of the highest mountain in the world.

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ক) Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

- Mount Everest is higher than any other mountain in the world.
• 'Than any other/ than all other' যুক্ত Comparative sentence কে Superlative করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে -
- প্রথম subject প্রথমেই বসবে,
- এরপর the + comparative এর Superlative form.
- Than any other/ Than all other বাদ যাবে এবং এরপর তার বাকি অংশ টি বসবে।
- Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world.

Other Options:
খ) Mount Everest is the most highest mountain in the world: “most highest” double superlative, English এ ভুল, তাই এটি ভুল।

গ) Mount Everest is one of the highest mountains in the world: এটি একটি general statement, “one of the” দিয়ে বলা হয়েছে, কিন্তু মূল sentence “any other” থেকে full superlative বোঝাচ্ছে না, তাই এটি ভুল।

ঘ) Mount Everest is one of the highest mountain in the world: “mountain” singular, কিন্তু “one of the highest” দিয়ে plural expectation, তাই এটি ভুল।

১,১৭৯.

Choose the correct narration change:
The teacher said, "The Earth revolves around the Sun."

ক
The teacher said that the Earth revolved around the Sun.
খ
The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
গ
The teacher told that the Earth is revolving around the Sun.
ঘ
The teacher said the Earth had revolved around the Sun.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক উত্তর: খ) The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.

- Reported Speech: "The Earth revolves around the Sun."
- এটি একটি universal truth / scientific fact.
- Reporting verb past tense (said) হলেও tense পরিবর্তন করা হয় না, যদি বাক্যটি সর্বজনবিদিত সত্য হয়।

- Universal truths/scientific facts : tense change করা হয় না
- যেমন: The teacher said, "The Earth revolves around the Sun."
- Indirect Narration: The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১৮০.

Identify the passive form of the following sentence:
He made her finish the project on time.

ক
He was made to finish the project on time by her.
খ
She had made to finish the project on time by him.
গ
She was made finish the project on time by him.
ঘ
She was made to finish the project on time by him.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

She was made to finish the project on time by him.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

She was made to finish the project on time by him.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: He made her finish the project on time.
Passive: She was made to finish the project on time by him.

• Need, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch ইত্যাদি verb গুলোর পর Active voice এর to উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পর 'to' বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Object -কে Subject করতে হবে।
- Tense ও subject অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb (was) বসে।
- তারপর মূল Verb -এর Past Participle বসবে।
- তারপর Active voice -এ উহ্য থাকা to বসবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- শেষে by + Active voice -এর Subject টি Object হবে।

Active: He made me do the work.
- এখানে Active voice এ 'made' থাকায় passive করার সময় 'to' বসবে।
Passive: I was made to do the work by him.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

১,১৮১.

The indirect form of: Imran said, "Thank you, my friends."

ক
Imran told his friends thank you.
খ
Imran thanks all his friends.
গ
Imran thanked his friends.
ঘ
Imran said his friends thanks.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Imran thanked his friends.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Imran thanked his friends.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Narration: Imran said, "Thank you, my friends."
• Indirect Narration: Imran thanked his friends.

• Narration -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- প্রথমে Reporting verb -এর subject বসে
- Direct Narration -এ Thank you/Thanks কিংবা Congratulations!/Welcome থাকলে Indirect Narration -এ reporting verb 'said' -এর পরিবর্তে Thanked/Congratulated/Welcome বসে।
- তারপর, Reported speech -এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়, reported speech -এর 1st person (my), reporting verb -এর Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- এক্ষেত্রে, his হবে।
- তারপর object (বাকি অংশ) বসবে।

• Structure: Subject + reporting verb (thanked) + Ext.

• More examples:
• Direct Narration: He said to me, "Thank you."
• Indirect Narration: He thanked me.

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

১,১৮২.

She promised her boss that _____________ the project by next week.

ক
she will finish
খ
she would finish
গ
she would have finished
ঘ
she would be finish

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

she would finish

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

she would finish

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - she would finish.
Complete Sentence: She promised her boss that she would finish the project by next week.

• Main clause এর verb টি past tense হলে এবং পরের অংশে next day, next week, next month, next year ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকলে subject এর পরে might/would/could বসে এবং এরপর verb এর base form বসে।

Example Sentence:
1. Sarah told Marzia that she would visit her parents the next week.
2. Jason told Benson that he would complete the project the next month.
3. Pori told Mahiya that she would join the gym the next day.
4. Emma told Lima that she would buy a new car the next year.

১,১৮৩.

Which of the following is synonymous with 'Anomalous'?

ক
Bizarre
খ
Obedient
গ
Scheming
ঘ
Treacherous

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Bizarre

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Bizarre

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Anomalous (adjective)

English Meaning: Different from what is usual, or not in agreement with something else and therefore not
satisfactory.
Bangla Meaning: নিয়মবহির্ভূত; কোনো-না-কোনোভাবে স্বাভাবিক থেকে ভিন্ন; ব্যতিক্রমী।

• অপশনে উল্লিখিত শব্দগুলোর অর্থ -
ক) Bizarre (অদ্ভুত; বিচিত্র; উদ্ভট)
খ) Obedient (আজ্ঞানুবর্তী; বাধ্য)
গ) Scheming (ধূর্ত/ফন্দিবাজ)
ঘ) Treacherous (বিশ্বাসঘাতক)

• সুতরাং, বোঝা যাচ্ছে যে, উল্লিখিত অপশন গুলোর মধ্যে - Bizarre শব্দটি Anomalous এর সমার্থক অর্থ প্রকাশ করছে।

Source: Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy and Cambridge Dictionary.

১,১৮৪.

Rafiq said to me , "I was ill."? বাক্যটির indirect speech হবে-

ক
ক) Rafiq told me that he has been ill
খ
খ) Rafiq told me that he had been ill
গ
গ) Rafiq told me that I had been ill
ঘ
ঘ) Rafiq said to me that he was ill

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) Rafiq told me that he had been ill

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

খ) Rafiq told me that he had been ill

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

প্রদত্ত sentence- টি Simple past tense এ আছে।
- Direct speech Simple Past Tense এ থাকলে Indirect speech এ Past Perfect Tense হয়।
- Past Perfect Tense এ subject এর পর had বসে এবং তারপর verb এর Past participle form বসে।
- এখানে 'was' এর Past participle form হচ্ছে been.
তাই সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে: Rafiq told me that he had been ill.

Source: Advanced Learner's English grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hussain.

১,১৮৫.

Choose the correct indirect speech. She asked me, 'Are you happy in your new job'?

ক
ক) She asked me if I was happy in my new job
খ
খ) She asked me if I have been happy in my new job
গ
গ) She asked me whether I am happy in my new job
ঘ
ঘ) She asked me if had been in my new job

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) She asked me if I was happy in my new job

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

ক) She asked me if I was happy in my new job

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তনঃ
asked এখানে asked -ই থাকবে।
Linker যুক্তকরণঃ
প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি -তে auxiliary verb দ্বারা যুক্ত হওয়ায় if/whether হবে।
Tense এর পরিবর্তনঃ
Present Indefinite থাকায় Past Indefinite হবে।

Correct Sentence: She asked me if I was happy in my new job.

১,১৮৬.

The old man said, "I had a big ship." (Make it indirect)

ক
The old man said that he had a big ship.
খ
The old man said that he had had a big ship.
গ
The old man said that he had have a big ship.
ঘ
The old man said that he have had a big ship in.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The old man said that he had had a big ship.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The old man said that he had had a big ship.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে,
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- Reporting verb এর tense অনুযায়ী indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটির Direct speech এ subject এরপর শুধু had আছে, তাই indirect speech এ had + past participle হবে।
- অর্থাৎ, had + had হবে।
- কিন্তু had + verb এর past participle থাকলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• The old man said, "I had a big ship in my youth."
- Indirect: The old man said that he had had a big ship.

১,১৮৭.

'Let me go'. Change the voice of the given sentence into passive.

ক
gone be with me
খ
my leaving is allowed
গ
let me be allowed to go
ঘ
allow me to go

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

let me be allowed to go

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

let me be allowed to go

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর: গ) Let me be allowed to go.

• কোনো বাক্য যদি Let দিয়ে শুরু হয় তাহলে passive voice এর ক্ষেত্রে Let দিয়ে শুরু করতে হবে।
Structure:
Let object + be + Verb in participle + others.
Example:
Active: Let me do this.
Passive: Let this be done by me.

মূল structure: let + object + bare infinitive → let + object + be allowed + to-infinitive.
তাই সঠিক উত্তর: Let me be allowed to go.

১,১৮৮.

The indirect form of: She said, "Is it going to rain today?"

ক
She asked that it was going to rain that day.
খ
She asked whether it was going to rain today.
গ
She asked whether it was going to be rain that day.
ঘ
She asked whether it was going to rain that day.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

She asked whether it was going to rain that day.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

She asked whether it was going to rain that day.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: She said, "Is it going to rain today?"
- Indirect: She asked whether it was going to rain that day.

• Interrogative Sentence এর Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb “said” - এর পরিবর্তে প্রশ্ন করা অর্থে asked বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি Wh word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh - question word টি conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসবে।
- তারপর Direct speech - এ present continuous tense থাকলে Indirect speech - এ তা past continuous tense হবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- Direct speech - এ today থাকলে তা that day তে রূপান্তর হয়।

• Structure:
- Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) + linker word + Reported speech - এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১৮৯.

They are going to clean the house. (Make it passive)

ক
The house are going to be cleaned by them.
খ
The house is going to be cleaned by them.
গ
The house is going to cleaned by them.
ঘ
The house are going be cleaned by them.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The house is going to be cleaned by them.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

The house is going to be cleaned by them.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active voice: They are going to clean the house.
Passive voice: The house is going to be cleaned by them.

• be going to দিয়ে Active Voice থাকলে তা Passive Voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Object টি Passive voice এর Subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসে।
- going to এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- going to এরপর be বসে।
- মূল verb এর Past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এ Object হিসেবে বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৯০.

Whom do you want? (make it passive)

ক
Who is wanted by you?
খ
By whom is wanted you?
গ
Who was wanted by you?
ঘ
Who is wanted you by?

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Who is wanted by you?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

Who is wanted by you?

ক

ব্যাখ্যা

• Whom যুক্ত Interrogative sentence এর Active voice কে Passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর Whom এর পরিবর্তে Passive voice- এ প্রথমে Who বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Subject এর object form বসে।
- প্রশ্নবোধক (?) চিহ্ন বসে।

• Active voice: Whom do you want?
• Passive voice: Who is wanted by you?

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১,১৯১.

Rupa said, "The train reached at nine." (Change the narration)

ক
Rupa said that the train reaches at nine.
খ
Rupa said that the train has reached at nine.
গ
Rupa said that the train had reached at nine.
ঘ
Rupa said that train has reached at nine.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Rupa said that the train had reached at nine.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

Rupa said that the train had reached at nine.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Direct Speech এর Simple Past Tense, Indirect Speech এ Past Perfect Tense এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

তাই, সঠিক উত্তর - Rupa said that the train had reached at nine.

১,১৯২.

Change into the positive degree:
Nelson Mandela was one of the greatest leaders that we have ever known.

ক
ক) No other leader that we have ever known was as great as Nelson Mandela.
খ
খ) Very few leader that we have ever known was as great as Nelson Mandela.
গ
গ) Very few leaders that we have ever known were as great as Nelson Mandela.
ঘ
ঘ) Nelson Mandela was as great as other leaders that we have ever known.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Very few leaders that we have ever known were as great as Nelson Mandela.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Very few leaders that we have ever known were as great as Nelson Mandela.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

One of the থাকলে Positive করার গঠন হচ্ছে:
Very few+ Superlative degree এর পরের Plural Noun + Plural Verb+ as/so + Positive Degree+ as + Superlative Degree যুক্ত Sentence এর Subject.
Superlative degree: Nelson Mandela was one of the greatest leaders that we have ever known.
Comparative Degree: Very few leaders that we have ever known were as great as Nelson Mandela.

১,১৯৩.

Fill in the gap. Ema ___________ that she would not attend classes next week.

ক
said her mentor
খ
told her mentor
গ
was telling her mentor
ঘ
was saying her mentor

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

told her mentor

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

told her mentor

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• বাক্যটি Indirect speech এ আছে।
- That এর পরের অংশে past tense থাকায় এর পূর্বের অংশের tense অ past tense হবে।
- told + object এবং said to + object এভাবে বসে।
- অর্থাৎ, told এরপর to বসে না এবং said এরপর সরাসরি object আসে নাই।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - told her mentor.
- Complete Sentence: Ema told her mentor that she would not attend classes next week.

১,১৯৪.

I told Rumi that he was not working sincerely. (Make it Direct)

ক
I said, "You are not working sincerely."
খ
I said to Rumi, "You are not working sincerely."
গ
I told to Rumi, "You are not working sincerely."
ঘ
I said to Rumi, "He is not working sincerely."

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

I said to Rumi, "You are not working sincerely."

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

I said to Rumi, "You are not working sincerely."

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Indirect to direct narration:
- Indirect speech এ that clause টি past continuous tense এ হওয়ায় direct speech এ তা reported speech এ পরিণত হবে এবং তা present continuous tense এ হবে।
সুতরাং, সঠিক direct speech টি হবে - I said to Rumi, "You are not working sincerely."

১,১৯৫.

He says to me, "I can do it." (make it indirect)

ক
He said to me that he can do it.
খ
He says to me that he can do it.
গ
He told me that he could do it.
ঘ
He says to me that he could done it.

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He says to me that he can do it.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: খ

He says to me that he can do it.

খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Speech থাকে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Direct Speech এ Reporting Verb এর Tense যদি Present tense বা Future Tense হয় তখন Indirect Speech এ Tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না।
- Inverted Comma এর পরিবর্তে that বসে।
- Reported Speech এর Person এর পরিবর্তন হয়।

Direct Speech: He says to me, "I can do it."
Indirect Speech: He says to me that he can do it.

Source: A Passage To The English Language S. M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১৯৬.

Who is looking for me?
Make it passive-

ক
By whom am I looked?
খ
By whom I am looked for?
গ
By whom am I being looked at?
ঘ
By whom am I being looked for?

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

By whom am I being looked for?

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

By whom am I being looked for?

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: Who is looking for me?
• Passive: By whom am I being looked for?

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:

- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- এরপর Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী modal auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

• Active: Who is looking for me?
- Present Continuous Tense passive voice করার structure নিম্ন রূপ:
- Active form এর object + am/is/are + being + verb এর past participle + Active form এর
Subject এর Objective form + extension.
• Passive: By whom am I being looked for?

Other options:
ক) By whom am I looked?
→ Incorrect tense, and missing "for".

খ) By whom I am looked for?
→ Wrong word order for a question.

গ) By whom am I being looked at?
→ "look at" হবে না "look for"; meaning is different.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১৯৭.

Identify the correct indirect speech.
He said, "How magnificent the fireworks display is!"

ক
He exclaimed that the fireworks display had been very magnificent.
খ
He exclaimed that the fireworks display is very magnificent.
গ
He exclaimed that the fireworks display was being very magnificent.
ঘ
He exclaimed that the fireworks display was very magnificent.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He exclaimed that the fireworks display was very magnificent.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

He exclaimed that the fireworks display was very magnificent.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct Speech: He said, "How magnificent the fireworks display is!"
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed that the fireworks display was very magnificent.

• Exclamatoey Sentence- এ ক্ষেত্রে Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
→ Direct speech এ reporting verb (said) past tense এ থাকায়, Indirect speech এ reporting verb 'exclaimed' হবে।
→ direct speech এ 'was' থাকায় reported speech- এ 'had been' হবে।
→ exclamatory sentence এ how থাকলে assertive sentence এ very বসে।

১,১৯৮.

They said to me, ''We have been walking for an hour.'' (Make it Indirect)

ক
They said to me that they had been walking for an hour.
খ
They told me that they have been walking for an hour.
গ
They said to me that they have been walking for an hour.
ঘ
They told me that they had been walking for an hour.

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

They told me that they had been walking for an hour.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

They told me that they had been walking for an hour.

ঘ

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: They told me that they had been walking for an hour.
- Reported speech টি Present Perfect Continuous এ থাকায়, Indirect speech এ Past Perfect Continuous এ পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে।

Direct speech কে Indirect Speech এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Reporting Verb (said to) হয় তবে Indirect Narration-এ said to এর পরিবর্তে "told" বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে যায় এবং তার পরিবর্তে "that" যোগ করা হয়।
- Reporting verb এর Subject অনুযায়ী Reporting speech এর subject পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- Reporting verb Present/Future tense হলে Reported Speech এর verb এর tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না। তবে Reporting verb past tense এর হলে তবে Reported speech এর verb পরিবর্তিত হবে।

Other Options:
ক) They said to me that they had been walking for an hour.
- এখানে said to কে Told এ পরিবর্তন করতে হবে। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

খ) They told me that they have been walking for an hour.
- Reporting speech এর verb এর Tense পরিবর্তন করতে হবে। Direct speech টি Present Perfect Continuous Tense হলে Indirect করার সময় তাকে Past Perfect Continuous Tense এ পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

গ) They said to me that they have been walking for an hour.
- এখানে said to কে Told এ পরিবর্তন করতে হবে এবং Reporting speech এর verb এর Tense পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

Source: A Passage To The English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১,১৯৯.

``Ran away children', said their mother. বাক্যটির indirect speech হবে -

ক
ক) Addressing the children, their mother said to them to run away.
খ
খ) Addressing the children, their mother urged them to run away.
গ
গ) Addressing the children, their mother told them to run away.
ঘ
ঘ) Address the children, their mother asked them to run away.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Addressing the children, their mother told them to run away.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) Addressing the children, their mother told them to run away.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct speech এ children দ্বারা সম্বোধন করা বোঝানোর কারণে Addressing the children ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- Direct speech এর said, indirect speech এ told হয়।
- Direct narration এর reporting verb টি past tense এ থাকলে indirect narration করার ক্ষেত্রে reported speech ও past tense হবে।
সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Addressing the children, their mother told them to run away.

১,২০০.

The indirect form of the sentence: He said, 'the patient died early in the morning'.

ক
ক) He said that the patient had die early in the morning.
খ
খ) He said that the patient had been died early in the morning.
গ
গ) He said that the patient had died early in the morning.
ঘ
ঘ) He said that the patient have died early in the morning.

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) He said that the patient had died early in the morning.

উত্তর

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

গ) He said that the patient had died early in the morning.

গ

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct indirect form of the sentence:
He said that the patient had died early in the morning.

• Direct speech থেকে indirect speech করার সময় reporting verb যদি past tense এ থাকে তবে সেটা past tense এই থাকবে।
• Reported speech যদি past indefinite tense রূপে থাকে সেটাকে past perfect tense এ রূপান্তর করে inverted comma তুলে দিতে হয়।

তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী এর indirect form হবে - He said that the patient had died early in the morning.