Glomerular Syndromes

ABM 477

GROSS  HEMATURIA
•Trauma
•Tumor
•IgA nephropathy
•Alport syndrome

Reference: Davidson 23rd; P-389

ABM 474

Reference: Davidson 23rd, Box-15.11

EXplanation: The nephritic syndrome is characterised by the presence of haematuria in association with hypertension, oliguria, fluid retention and reduced/declining renal function

Reference: Davidson 23rd; P-393

Reference: Davidson 23rd, Box-15.10

1.
Massive proteinuria, with the daily loss of 3.5 gm or more of protein (less in children)
2.
Hypoalbuminemia, with plasma albumin levels  less than 3 gm/dL
3.
Generalized edema
4.
Hyperlipidemia and lipiduria

Answer: D
Explanation: Nephritic syndrome is characterised by hematuria, hypertension, oliguria, and azotemia. Davidson emphasises that hyperlipidemia is a feature of nephrotic syndrome, not nephritic syndrome. Nephritic syndrome results from glomerular inflammation, leading to red blood cell leakage into the urine. Harrison explains the differences between nephritic and nephrotic syndromes, noting that nephritic syndrome also causes renal insufficiency and fluid retention.

Reference: Davidson 23rd; P-758 , fig : 20.22

ABM 475

According to Davidson, diabetic nephropathy is the most typical cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Diabetic nephropathy leads to glomerular damage resulting in proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edoema. Harrison emphasises that strict control of blood sugar and blood pressure can help slow the progression of diabetic nephropathy and reduce the risk of end-stage renal disease.