Hypersensitivity

Explanation :
Examples of illnesses resulting from type IV hypersensitivity reactions include contact dermatitis
drug hypersensitivity
GVHD
Tuberculin test
Lepromin test
Tumor immunity
Type I DM
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Erythema multiforme

Reference: Davidson 23rd, Page:- 89

Explanation: Aschoff nodule is Pathognomonic for acute rheumatic fever

Acute cellular rejection is the most common form of graft rejection

Infection typically leads to the development of delayed hypersensitivity to M. tuberculosis antigens, which can be detected by the tuberculin (PPD, or Mantoux) skin test.

Explanation: A positive tuberculin test signifies T-cell–mediated immunity to mycobacterial antigens but does not differentiate between infection and active disease.

SLE is Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity

Explanation -
Symptoms
Skin reactions, including hives and itching and flushed or pale skin.
Low blood pressure (hypotension)
Constriction of the airways and a swollen tongue or throat, which can cause wheezing and trouble breathing.
A weak and rapid pulse.
Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
Dizziness or fainting.

Others are major criteria

Explanation :
Hyperacute rejection:
Occurs within minutes to hours 
Due to preformed antibody and complement activation (type II hypersensitivity) 

Explanation: Delayed type of hypesensitivity.

Explanation: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with type-IV hypersensitivity

- The fundamental defect in SLE is a failure of the mechanisms that maintain self-tolerance.
- Most of the systemic lesions are caused by immune complexes (type III hypersensitivity).

Explanation: Chronic rheumatic heart disease most commonly affects the mitral valve and is responsible for 99% of acquired mitral stenosis

Explanation :
Major criteria of rheumatic fever :
Carditis 
Polyarthritis( migratory) 
Chorea
Erythema marginatum
Subcutaneous nodules
Minor criteria :
Fever
Arthalgia
Previous rheumatic fever
Raised ESR
Leucocytosis
First degree AV block

A positive tuberculin test signifies T-cell–mediated immunity to mycobacterial antigens but does not differentiate between infection and active disease.

False-negative reactions may occur in the setting of certain viral infections, sarcoidosis, malnutrition, Hodgkin lymphoma, immunosuppression,

Explanation -
The Mantoux test or Mendel–Mantoux test or PPD test for purified protein derivative, is a tool for screening for tuberculosis (TB) and for tuberculosis diagnosis. 
Not specific
Many false positive/ negetive results
Is not diagnostic of tuberculosis
Positive 4-6 weeks after infection of tuberculosis.

• Asthma is characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction caused by airway hyperresponsiveness to a variety of stimuli.
• Atopic asthma is caused by a TH2 and IgE-mediated immunologic reaction to environmental allergens
• Eosinophils are key inflammatory cells found in almost all subtypes of asthma

Explanation: IgE is associated with B.asthma.