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Renal Diseases

মোট প্রশ্ন২৮এই পাতা২৮প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
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উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Renal Diseases

PrepBank · পাতা ১ / ১ · ১–২৮ / ২৮

১.
Cast cell found in a AGN-
  1. ক
    ক) Epithelial cast
  2. খ
    খ) hyaline cast
  3. গ
    গ) RBC cast
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) granular cast
ব্যাখ্যা
RBC cast is found in AGN
২.
Which one is not a feature of of nephrotic syndrome-
  1. ক
    ক) Proteinuria
  2. খ
    খ) Lipiduria
  3. গ
    গ) Haematuria
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hypoalbuminaemia
ব্যাখ্যা
Haematuria occurs in nephritic syndrome
৩.
What is the pre renal cause of acute renal failure -
  1. ক
    Glomerulonephritis
  2. খ
    Drugs
  3. গ
    Dehydration
  4. ঘ
    Urinary calculi
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Pre renal cause of acute renal failure :
Cardiac failure
Sepsis
Blood loss
Dehydration
Vascular occlusion 
৪.
Most common cause of CKD-
  1. ক
    Diabetes malitus
  2. খ
    Glomerular disease
  3. গ
    Hypertension
  4. ঘ
    SLE
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Causes of CKD -
Diabetes malitus (20-40%)
Interstitial disease (20-30%)
Glomerular disease
Hypertension 
SLE
PCOD
Renal artery stenosis
Unknown (5-20%)
৫.
Which of the following is a feature of AGN?
  1. ক
    ক) Proteinuria
  2. খ
    খ) Lipiduria
  3. গ
    গ) Haematuria
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hypoalbuminaemia
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Others are the features of nephrotic syndrome.
৬.
Limiting pH of urine
  1. ক
    ক) 3.5
  2. খ
    খ) 4.5
  3. গ
    গ) 4
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 5
ব্যাখ্যা
The limiting pH of urine is 4.5
৭.
Causes of painless haematuria -
  1. ক
    Glomerulonephritis
  2. খ
    UTI
  3. গ
    Renal calculi
  4. ঘ
    Reflux nephropathy
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Painless haematuria :
Glomerulonephritis 
Tumors of the kidney,ureter,bladder or prostate
Tuberculosis
Interstitial nephritis
Coagulation disorder

Painful haematuria :
Urinary tract infections
Renal calculi
Loin pain haematuria syndrome 
৮.
Which of the following is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in young adult?
  1. ক
    ক) minimal change disease
  2. খ
    খ) Diabetic nephropathy
  3. গ
    গ) Primary Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Membranous nephropathy
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Membranous nephropathy-Middle-aged to older patient, minimal change disease- Children, Primary Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis -Young adults
৯.
Which of the following is the mechanism of developing nephritic syndrome?
  1. ক
    ক) Injury to podocytes
  2. খ
    খ) Inflammation
  3. গ
    গ) Scarring
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Deposition of matrix
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: mechanism of developing nephritic syndrome are: Inflammation, Reactive cell proliferation, Breaks in GBM, Crescent formation
১০.
Indication of renal replacement therapy -
  1. ক
    K+ level <2.5 mmol/L
  2. খ
    S. creatinine - >1.5 mg/dl
  3. গ
    Metabolic alkalosis
  4. ঘ
    Pulmonary oedema
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Indications of renal replacement therapy -
K+ level >6 mmol/L
Fluid overload
Pulmonary oedema
S.creatinine >6.8 mg/dl
Plasma urea level >30 mmol/L
Metabolic acidosis
১১.
Site of damage in blackwater fever
  1. ক
    ক) Brain
  2. খ
    খ) Liver
  3. গ
    গ) Kidney
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Spleen
ব্যাখ্যা
Untreated malaria caused by P. falciparum is potentially life-threatening as a result of extensive brain (cerebral malaria) and kidney (blackwater fever) damage.
১২.
Interstitial disease of kidney -
  1. ক
    ক) Pyelonephritis
  2. খ
    খ) Glomerulonephritis
  3. গ
    গ) Nephrotic syndrome
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Polycystic kidney disease
ব্যাখ্যা
Pyelonephritis is interstitial disease of kidney
১৩.
Prerenal cause of of acute renal failure-
  1. ক
    ক) renal artery stenosis
  2. খ
    খ) primary glomerular disease
  3. গ
    গ) acute tubular necrosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) interstitial disease
ব্যাখ্যা
RAS is a pre renal cause of acute renal failure
১৪.
Most common cause of of renal cell carcinoma-
  1. ক
    ক) non papillary carcinoma
  2. খ
    খ) papillary carcinoma
  3. গ
    গ) chromophobe type carcinoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Urothelial carcinoma
ব্যাখ্যা
Non papillary carcinoma is most common cause of RCC
১৫.
Which is not glomerular syndrome -
  1. ক
    Nephritic syndrome
  2. খ
    Nephrotic syndrome
  3. গ
    Chronic renal failure
  4. ঘ
    IgA nephropathy
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Glomerular syndrome :
Nephritic syndrome
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 
Nephrotic syndrome 
Chronic renal failure
Isolated urinary abnormalities
১৬.
Disease that allows “selective” loss of albumin is?
  1. ক
    ক) Diabetes
  2. খ
    খ) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
  3. গ
    গ) Minimal change disease
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hypertension
ব্যাখ্যা
“Selective” loss of albumin is seen in minimal change disease. Diabetes & FSGS lead to “nonselective” loss of all plasma proteins. Hypertension, CRF cause increased tubular protein loss.
১৭.
Most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in children-
  1. ক
    ক) minimal change disease
  2. খ
    খ) membranous glomerulopathy
  3. গ
    গ) iga nephropathy
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Minimal change disease is most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
১৮.
Which of the following causes radio-opaque renal stone?
  1. ক
    ক) oxalate stone
  2. খ
    খ) phosphate stone
  3. গ
    গ) xanthine stone
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Uric acid stone
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Uric acid stone is radio opaque
১৯.
Radio-opaque renal stone-
  1. ক
    ক) Uric acid stone
  2. খ
    খ) oxalate stone
  3. গ
    গ) phosphate stone
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) xanthine stone
ব্যাখ্যা
Uric acid stone is radio opaque
২০.
Anuria is called when less than which amount of urine is passed per day?
  1. ক
    ক) No urine/24 hours
  2. খ
    খ) 50 ml
  3. গ
    গ) 100 ml
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 500 ml
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: anuria is deemed to exist when less than 100 mL of urine is passed per day.
২১.
Pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome -
  1. ক
    Derangement in glomerular capillary walls
  2. খ
    Defect in renal tubules
  3. গ
    Chronic persistant nephropathy
  4. ঘ
    Prolonged pressure in renal tract
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome -
Caused by a derangement in glomerular capillary walls resulting in increased permeability to plasma proteins
২২.
Electrolyte imbalance in AGN-
  1. ক
    ক) Hypernatraemia
  2. খ
    খ) Metabolic alkalosis
  3. গ
    গ) Hypokalaemia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Metabolic acidosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Metabolic acidosis occurs in AGN
২৩.
AGN -
  1. ক
    History of previous pharyngitis
  2. খ
    Age :2-6 years
  3. গ
    Haematuria - Absent
  4. ঘ
    Massive proteinuria
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
AGN -
Age group : 6-12 years
Haematuria : Present
Hypertension : Present
Mild to moderate proteiniurea
২৪.
Most frequent presentation of RPGN
  1. ক
    ক) Posts infectious Glomerulodisease
  2. খ
    খ) Goodpasture syndrome
  3. গ
    গ) Minimal change disease
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) IgA nephritis
২৫.
Lower urinary tract symptoms -
  1. ক
    Nocturia
  2. খ
    Loin pain
  3. গ
    Frequency and urgency
  4. ঘ
    Oliguria
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Lower urinary tract symptoms :
Dysuria,Frequency, Urgency 
Impaired urinary flow,Hesitency,Dribbling of urine,Incomplete emptying of bladder
Urinary retention
Incontinence
২৬.
Recurrent hematuria is a most frequent clinical presentation of
  1. ক
    ক) Posts infectious Glomerulodisease
  2. খ
    খ) Goodpasture syndrome
  3. গ
    গ) Minimal change disease
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) IgA nephropathy
২৭.
Typical feature of nephrotic syndrome -
  1. ক
    Genetalized oedema
  2. খ
    Bilateral renal angle painting
  3. গ
    Hypertension
  4. ঘ
    Polyuria
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Typical feature of nephrotic syndrome -
Generilized oedema
Pitting oedema
Blood pressure : Normal
Proteinuria : 3+/4+ 
২৮.
Which one is not a cause of primary glomerular nephrotic syndrome-
  1. ক
    ক) Membranous glomerulopathy
  2. খ
    খ) Minimal change disease
  3. গ
    গ) Membranous segmental glomerulosclerosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Membrano-proliferative Glomerulonephritis
ব্যাখ্যা
Membranous segmental glomerulosclerosis is not a primary nephrotic syndrome