বিষয়সমূহ

PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন

Simple Sentence

মোট প্রশ্ন৪৫৭এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Simple Sentence

PrepBank · পাতা / · ১০১২০০ / ৪৫৭

১০১.
In 1947, India gained independence from British rule. (Make it complex)
  1. It was in the year 1947 when India gained independence from British rule.
  2. When it was 1947, India gained independence from British rule.
  3. While it was 1947, India gained independence from British rule.
  4. It was in the year 1947 while India gained independence from British rule.
সঠিক উত্তর:
When it was 1947, India gained independence from British rule.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
When it was 1947, India gained independence from British rule.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple Sentence এ ‘In/At the time of/on/at/ at the very moment’ থাকলে Complex Sentence এ When বসে।
- When দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে উভয় Clause কে আলাদা করার জন্য কেবল Comma বসে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক উত্তর -  When it was 1947, India gained independence from British rule.

• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
১০২.
I helped a woman who was helpless. (Simple)
  1. ক) I helped a woman, helpless.
  2. খ) I helped a woman in need of help.
  3. গ) I helped a helpless woman.
  4. ঘ) I helps helpless woman.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) I helped a helpless woman.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) I helped a helpless woman.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Complex to simple: 

• অনেক সময় relative pronoun + adjective টি object এর পরে বসে। সেক্ষেত্রে Complex sentence কে Simple করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে subject বসে।
- verb বসে।
- article বসে।
- প্রদত্ত adjective টি বসে।
- object বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, Subject 'I' + verb 'helped' + article 'a' + প্রদত্ত adjective 'helpless' + object 'woman' বসেছে।
১০৩.
Make it simple: The man who is honest is respected.
  1. The man is honest and also respected.
  2. An honest man will always be respected.
  3. An honest man is respected.
  4. The man is respected because he is honest.
সঠিক উত্তর:
An honest man is respected.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
An honest man is respected.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Complex: The man who is honest is respected.
- Simple: An honest man is respected.

• Subject + relative pronoun (who/which / that) + adjective যুক্ত complex sentence কে simple sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে the-এর পরিবর্তে a / an বসে +
- relative pronoun এর পরের adjective টি বসে +
- প্রদত্ত subject টি বসে +
- প্রদত্ত sentence-এর adjective-এর পরের অংশটি বসে।

- নিয়ম অনুযায়ী article 'an' বসেছে, প্রদত্ত adjective 'honest' বসেছে+ subject 'man' বসেছে + adjective-এর পরের অংশ 'is respected' বসেছে।

• More examples:
- Complex: The girl who is meritorious can make a good result.
- Simple: A meritorious girl can make a good result.

১০৪.
'Five years have passed since his father died'. Identify the correct simple form of the sentence from the following options:
  1. His father has died five years ago.
  2. His father died five years ago.
  3. His father has died for five years.
  4. His father died since five years.
সঠিক উত্তর:
His father died five years ago.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
His father died five years ago.
ব্যাখ্যা

[৪৭তম বিসিএস]

- Complex: Five years have passed since his father died.
- Simple: His father died five years ago.

• প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি একটি Complex sentence.
- কারণ sentence টিতে একটি independent clause "Five years have passed" এবং একটি Subordinate clause "since his father died" আছে।
- এটিকে Simple sentence -এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে, একটি subject এবং Finite verb যুক্ত sentence -এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে এবং বাক্যের অর্থ ঠিক রাখতে হবে।
- কারণ সাধারণত একটি clause-এর মধ্যে একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb নিয়ে simple sentence গঠিত হয়।

• Option Analysis:
ক) "His father has died five years ago."
- এটি ভুল, কারণ Present perfect tense ("has died") cannot be used with a specific past time reference like "five years ago."

খ) "His father died five years ago."
- এই বাক্যটি correct simple form, কারণ এই বাক্যে past time expression "five years ago" -এর সাথে সঠিকভাবে simple past tense ব্যবহার হয়েছে, যা original sentence এর same meaning বহন করে।

গ) "His father has died for five years."
- এটি ভুল, কারণ The verb "die" is a momentary action (not continuous), আর duration ("for five years") এর সাথে "has died" ব্যবহার করা যায় না।
- এর বদলে "His father has been dead for five years." ব্যবহার করা যায় কিন্তু তখন অর্থ বদলে যাবে।

ঘ) "His father died since five years."
- এটি correct simple sentence নয়, কারণ "Since" requires present perfect tense, and "since five years" is grammatically wrong (should be "since five years ago").

- সুতরাং, প্রদত্ত অপশন অনুযায়ী দেখা যায় যে, correct simple sentence টি হলো- খ) His father died five years ago.

১০৫.
He lost his mother when he was seven. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) Being seven, he lost his mother.
  2. খ) At seven, he lost his mother.
  3. গ) After seven, he lost his mother.
  4. ঘ) In seven, he lost his mother.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) At seven, he lost his mother.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) At seven, he lost his mother.
ব্যাখ্যা
সাত বছর বয়সে বুঝাতে at seven বসবে। 
১০৬.
If you work hard, you will prosper in life. (make it simple) 
  1. You will prosper in life in case you work hard.
  2. For working hard, you will prosper in life.
  3. By working hard, you will prosper in life.
  4. Work and you will prosper in life.
সঠিক উত্তর:
By working hard, you will prosper in life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
By working hard, you will prosper in life.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Complex থেকে Simple করতে হলে -
- Complex এর conjunction বাদ দিতে হবে।
- Simple এর preposition যোগ করতে হবে।
- ২টি clause এর মধ্যে একটি (সাধারণত conjunction বিহীন) অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
Complex: If you work hard, you will prosper in life.
- আপনি যদি কঠোর পরিশ্রম করেন তবে আপনি জীবনে উন্নতি করবেন।
Simple: By working hard, you will prosper in life.
- কঠোর পরিশ্রম করে, আপনি জীবনে উন্নতি করবেন।

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
১০৭.
As he finished the exam, he felt a sense of relief. (Make it simple)
  1. Finishing the exam, he felt a sense of relief.
  2. In spite of finishing the exam, he felt a sense of relief.
  3. He finished the exam and he felt a sense of relief.
  4. When he finished the exam, he felt a sense of relief.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Finishing the exam, he felt a sense of relief.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Finishing the exam, he felt a sense of relief.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex: As he finished the exam, he felt a sense of relief.
Simple: Finishing the exam, he felt a sense of relief.

• Complex to simple: 
• Since/as/when যুক্ত Complex Sentence এর দুটি Clause এর Subject এক হলে এবং দুটি Clause এ মূল verb থাকলে প্রদত্ত নিয়মটির সাহায্য Simple করতে হবে।
- প্রথমে প্রথম Sentence এর মূল Verb এর Present form এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয় 
- প্রথম Clause এর ক্রিয়ার পরের অংশ বসে।
- Comma (,) বসে।
- দ্বিতীয় Clause এর Subject এর জায়গায় প্রথম Sentence এর Subject বসে।
- দ্বিতীয় Sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।
১০৮.
The tea is too hot for me to drink. (Make it Complex)
  1. The tea is very hot for me to drink.
  2. The tea is so hot for me to drink it.
  3. The tea is so hot that I cannot drink it.
  4. The tea is very hot for me so that i cannot drink it.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The tea is so hot that I cannot drink it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The tea is so hot that I cannot drink it.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple sentence এ too + adjective + to + verb থাকলে Complex এ too এর স্থলে So এবং to এর স্থলে that বসে।
- Structure: so + adjective + that + subject + cannot/could not + verb.
- too..........to = এতই যে না।
- So........... that = এতই যে 

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
Simple: The tea is too hot for me to drink.
complex: The tea is so hot that I cannot drink it.
১০৯.
Which of the following is not a simple sentence?
  1. ক) Tired people may go to relax there.
  2. খ) He worked hard in order to succeed.
  3. গ) I saw a man who was lame.
  4. ঘ) Because of killing the bird, the lady was punished.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) I saw a man who was lame.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) I saw a man who was lame.
ব্যাখ্যা

১ম, ২য় ও শেষ বাক্যে একটি subject ও একটি finite verb থাকায় বাক্য দুটি simple sentence.
এবং ৩য় বাক্যে একাধিক finite verb অর্থাৎ clause আছে এবং who দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হয়েছে তাই এটি complex sentence.

১১০.
He practiced every day so that he could improve his skills. (simple)
  1. He could practice every day to improve his skills.
  2. He practiced every day to improved his skills.
  3. He practiced every day to improve his skills.
  4. Because of practicing every day, he could improve his skills.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He practiced every day to improve his skills.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He practiced every day to improve his skills.
ব্যাখ্যা
• So that যুক্ত complex কে simple করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম থেকে so এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে,
- so থেকে many/might/can/could পর্যন্ত উঠে যায়,
- to বসে,
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Complex: He practiced every day so that he could improve his skills.
Simple: He practiced every day to improve his skills.
১১১.
'Going to market he bought a pen'. This is a -
  1. Compound Sentence
  2. Complex Sentence
  3. Simple Sentence
  4. Interrogative Sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
Simple Sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Simple Sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
যে বাক্যতে একটি মাত্র Subject  এবং একটিমাত্র finite verb থাকে, তাকে simple sentence বলে। 
'Going to market he bought a pen'. 
এই বাক্যতে He একমাত্র Subject এবং  bought একমাত্র finitie verb. তাই Sentence টি simple sentence.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
১১২.
When Ayesha was seven, she left her village. (Make it simple)
  1. At seven years old, Ayesha left her village.
  2. At the age of seven, Ayesha left her village. 
  3. In age of seven, Ayesha left her village. 
  4. At seven, Ayesha left her village. 
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the age of seven, Ayesha left her village. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the age of seven, Ayesha left her village. 
ব্যাখ্যা
• When যুক্ত সময় নির্দেশক Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 

- When clause এ ছোট সময়/ বয়স/ ঋতুর উল্লেখ থাকলে, 
1) When উঠে যায় +
2) When এর পরে যে Subject ও Verb থাকে তা উঠে যায় +
3) ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/in বসে, ঋতু থাকলে তার পূর্বে in বসে, বয়সের উল্লেখ থাকলে তার পূর্বে at the age of বসে + 
4) পরবর্তী clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকে। 

Complex Sentence: When Ayesha was seven, she left her village.
Simple Sentence: At the age of seven, Ayesha left her village. 
১১৩.
Though the man has much riches, he wants more. (make it simple)
  1. Despite of his having much riches, he wants more.
  2. In spite of his having much riches, he wants more.
  3. In spite of his being much riches, he wants more.
  4. Because of his having much riches, he wants more.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his having much riches, he wants more.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his having much riches, he wants more.
ব্যাখ্যা
Though/ Although Clause- এ has/ have/ had থাকলে সে ক্ষেত্রে Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/ Inspite of বসে।
- Subject অনুসারে এর Possessive form বসে।
- has/ have/ had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসবে।

Complex Sentence: Though the man has much riches, he wants more.
Simple Sentence: In spite of his having much riches, he want more.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
১১৪.
Jakia is a physician who is skilled. (Make it simple)
  1. Jakia is being a skilled physician.
  2. Jakia has been a skilled physician.
  3. Jakia is a physician being not unskilled.
  4. Jakia is a skilled physician.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Jakia is a skilled physician.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Jakia is a skilled physician.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence: Jakia is a physician who is skilled.
Simple Sentence: Jakia is a skilled physician.

• প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত sentence টি একটি Complex Sentence. 
• Subject + Relative Pronoun + Adjective যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Simple sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 
- প্রথমে Subject বসে +
- relative pronoun (who/which/that) উঠে যায় + 
- tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে + 
- adjective টি বসে + 
- বাকি অংশ বসে।
১১৫.
She saved money and bought a house. (Simple)
  1. Saving money, she bought a house.
  2. Because of saving money, she bought a house.
  3. By saving money, she bought a house.
  4. All of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
All of these
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
All of these
ব্যাখ্যা
• And যুক্ত compound sentence কে কয়েক ভাবে simple sentence এ পরিবর্তন করা যায় -

• Compound এ and দ্বারা দুটি কাজ যুক্ত থাকলে simple এর শুরুতে প্রথম  verb টি + ing হয়।
- যেমন:
Compound: She trained consistently and excelled in her career. 
Simple: Training consistently, she excelled in her career.

• অথবা
- Because of + verb + ing হয়।
Compound: She trained consistently and excelled in her career. 
Simple: Because of training consistently, she excelled in her career.

• আবার,
- By + verb + ing বসিয়েও simple sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়।
Compound: She trained consistently and excelled in her career. 
Simple: By training consistently, she excelled in her career.

Examples:
• Compound sentence - 'He worked hard and prospered in life.
• Simple sentence: 
- Working hard, he prospered in life.
- Because of working hard, he prospered in life.
- By working hard, he prospered in life.

Compound Sentence: She saved money and bought a house.
Simple Sentence:
- Saving money, she bought a house.
- Because of saving money, she bought a house.
- By saving money, she bought a house.
১১৬.
Study hard or you will fail the exam. (Make it simple)
  1. Without studying hard, you will fail the exam.
  2. Studying hard, you will fail the exam.
  3. You will fail the exam and study hard.
  4. You will fail the exam if you study hard.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without studying hard, you will fail the exam.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without studying hard, you will fail the exam.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Or যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Simple sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Without বসে।
- প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হবে।
- Verb এর পরের অংশ বসে।
- or এর পরিবর্তে Comma (,) বসে।
- ২য় senetnce টি বসে।

• Compound Sentence: Study hard or you will fail the exam.
• Simple Sentence: Without studying hard, you will fail the exam.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১১৭.
Since she completed the project on time, she received a bonus. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) Because of her completing the project on time, she received a bonus.
  2. খ) Having completing the project on time, she received a bonus.
  3. গ) Being completing the project on time, she received a bonus.
  4. ঘ) By completing the project on time, she received a bonus
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) By completing the project on time, she received a bonus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) By completing the project on time, she received a bonus
ব্যাখ্যা
• Since/as/when যুক্ত Complex Sentence এর দুটি Clause এর Subject এক হলে এবং দুটি Clause এ মূল verb থাকলে প্রদত্ত নিয়মটির সাহায্য Simple করতে হবে।
- প্রথমে প্রথম Sentence এর মূল Verb এর Present form এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়/ অথবা 'Because of + verb + ing'/ 'By + verb + ing' বসে
-  প্রথম Clause এর ক্রিয়ার পরের অংশ বসে + Comma (,) বসে
- দ্বিতীয় Clause এর Subject এর জায়গায় প্রথম Sentence এর Subject বসে + দ্বিতীয় Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে।

Complex: Since the old man killed the bird, he brought bad luck to the crew.
Simple: Killing the bird, the old man brought bad luck to the crew.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী -
Complex: Since she completed the project on time, she received a bonus.
Simple: By completing the project on time, she received a bonus
১১৮.
As soon as the baby smelled the food, she started giggling with excitement. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) After smelling the food, the baby started giggling with excitement.
  2. খ) As soon as smelling the food, the baby started giggling with excitement.
  3. গ) On smelling the food, the baby started giggling with excitement.
  4. ঘ) While smelling the food, the baby started giggling with excitement.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) On smelling the food, the baby started giggling with excitement.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) On smelling the food, the baby started giggling with excitement.
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত As soon as the baby smelled the food, she started giggling with excitement - এই বাক্যটি complex sentence এ আছে।
- Complex Sentence এ ‍as soon as থাকলে Simple Sentence এ as soon as এর পরিবর্তে on (সাথে সাথেই) বসে।
- এরপর as soon as যুক্ত clause এর বাকি অংশ বসে।
- প্রথম subject টি দ্বিতীয় clause এর subject হিসাবে বসে, এবং দ্বিতীয় clause এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - On smelling the food, the baby started giggling with excitement.
১১৯.
Though he did a lot for the whole family, nobody in the family liked him. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) In spite his doing a lot for the whole family, nobody in the family liked him.
  2. খ) Despite of his doing a lot for the whole family, nobody in the family liked him.
  3. গ) Despite his doing a lot for the whole family, nobody in the family liked him.
  4. ঘ) Notwithstanding of his doing a lot for the whole family, nobody in the family liked him.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Despite his doing a lot for the whole family, nobody in the family liked him.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Despite his doing a lot for the whole family, nobody in the family liked him.
ব্যাখ্যা

Complex Sentence এ though থাকলে Simple করার সময় in spite of / despite/ notwithstanding (সত্ত্বেও) বসে।
ক- তে in spite এর পর of নেই।
খ- despite এর পর of বসে না।
ঘ- notwithstanding এর পর of বসে না।
তাই সঠিক উত্তর (গ)।

১২০.
He is very talented and can excel in various fields. (Make it simple)
  1. He is talented enough to excel in various fields.
  2. He is very talented and so he can excel in various fields.
  3. He is too talented and to excel in various fields.
  4. He is talented enough at excelling in various fields.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He is talented enough to excel in various fields.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He is talented enough to excel in various fields.
ব্যাখ্যা
Compound Sentence: He is very talented and can excel in various fields.
Simple Sentence: He is talented enough to excel in various fields.

• very.....and ↔ too/enough:
• very...and যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple sentence এ পরিণত করতে হলে, 
- Simple এ very এর স্থলে too/enough এবং and এর স্থলে to বসিয়ে simple করতে হয়।

• বি:দ্র: Adjective/Adverb + enough হয় ।
→ Simple sentence- এ talented = adjective, উক্ত বাক্যে talented + enough হয়েছে।
১২১.
Which of the following is not a simple sentence?
  1. ক) The machine is working beyond our expectations.
  2. খ) Despite his poverty, he is happy.
  3. গ) I do not know what his father’s name is.
  4. ঘ) None of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) I do not know what his father’s name is.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) I do not know what his father’s name is.
ব্যাখ্যা

১ম ও ২য় বাক্যে একটি subject ও একটি finite verb থাকায় বাক্য দুটি simple sentence.
৩য় বাক্যে একাধিক subject ও finite verb আছে এবং what দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হয়েছে তাই এটি complex sentence.

১২২.
What is the difference between the simple interest on a principal of Tk. 500 being calculated at 5% per annum for 3 years and 4% per annum for 4 years?
  1. Tk. 5
  2. Tk. 10
  3. Tk. 20
  4. Tk. 40
সঠিক উত্তর:
Tk. 5
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Tk. 5
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: What is the difference between the simple interest on a principal of Tk. 500 being calculated at 5% per annum for 3 years and 4% per annum for 4 years?

Solution:
I1 = (500 × 3 × 5)/100 = 75

I2 = (500 × 4 × 4)/100 = 80

∴ Difference = 80 - 75 = 5
১২৩.
Though he is poor, he is happy. (Make it simple)
  1. In spite his poorness, he is happy
  2. Despite of his poverty, he is happy.
  3. In spite of his being poor, he is happy.
  4. He is poor but happy
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his being poor, he is happy.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his being poor, he is happy.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Though/Although যুক্ত Complex sentence কে simple form এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Though/Although এর স্থানে In spite of ব্যবহার হবে + subject এর possessive form + am/is/are/was/were এর স্থানে being অথবা has/have/had এর স্থানে having অথবা verb+ ing ব্যবহার হবে + বাকি অংশ + ২য় clause.

Example:
Complex: TThough he is poor, he is happy.
Simple: In spite of his being poor, he is happy.

Complex: Though he got the news, he was not happy.
Simple: In spite of getting the news he was not happy.
১২৪.
As the young boy killed the bird, he was punished. (Make it simple)
  1. The young boy was punished when he killed the bird.
  2. In spite of killing the bird, the young boy was punished.
  3. Killing the bird, the young boy was punished.
  4. Because of being killing the bird, the young boy was punished.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Killing the bird, the young boy was punished.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Killing the bird, the young boy was punished.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence: As the young boy killed the bird, he was punished.
Simple: Killing the bird, the young boy was punished.

• Complex to simple: 
• Since/as/when যুক্ত Complex Sentence এর দুটি Clause এর Subject এক হলে এবং দুটি Clause এ মূল verb থাকলে প্রদত্ত নিয়মটির সাহায্য Simple করতে হবে।

- প্রথমে প্রথম Sentence এর মূল Verb এর Present form এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয় 
- প্রথম Clause এর ক্রিয়ার পরের অংশ বসে 
- Comma (,) বসে 
- দ্বিতীয় Clause এর Subject এর জায়গায় প্রথম Sentence এর Subject বসে 
- দ্বিতীয় Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে।
১২৫.
When they were singing, the audience listened attentively. (simple)
  1. At the time of singing, the audience listened attentively.
  2. At singing, the audience listened attentively.
  3. As they were singing, the audience listened attentively.
  4. Although they were singing, the audience listened attentively.
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the time of singing, the audience listened attentively.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the time of singing, the audience listened attentively.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex to simple: 

• When দ্বারা সময় না বুঝিয়ে কোন কাজ চলা বোঝালে তখন,
- প্রথমে At the time of বসে। 
- when যুক্ত অংশের -ing যুক্ত ক্রিয়াটি বসে। 
- বাকি অংশ বসে। 

Complex: When it was raining, Rahi woke up.
Simple: At the time of raining, Rahi woke up.

Complex: When it was snowing, we stayed indoors.
Simple: At the time of snowing, we stayed indoors.

Complex: When they were singing, the audience listened attentively.
Simple: At the time of singing, the audience listened attentively.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
১২৬.
Transform the following complex sentence into a simple sentence:
If you do not take risks, you will not succeed.
  1. Without risks, you will not succeed.
  2. By taking risks, you will not succeed.
  3. By not taking risks, you will not succeed.
  4. Without taking risks, you will not succeed.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without taking risks, you will not succeed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without taking risks, you will not succeed.
ব্যাখ্যা
Answer: Without taking risks, you will not succeed.

• Rule for Negative Conditional Sentences:

→ "If you do not + verb"-কে Simple Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়:
"If you do not"-এর জায়গায় "without" বসবে।
Verb-এর -ing form ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।

অন্যদিকে, 
• Rule for Affirmative Conditional Sentences:
→ "If you + verb"-কে Simple Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়:
"If you"-এর জায়গায় "by" বসবে।
Verb-এর -ing form ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।

উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে,
→ Transformation Rule অনুসারে Complex sentence: If you do not take risks, you will not succeed.
Simple sentence: Without taking risks, you will not succeed.

Example:
Complex: If you do not study, you will fail.
Simple: Without studying, you will fail.
Complex: If you work hard, you will succeed.
Simple: By working hard, you will succeed.
১২৭.
Change it into simple: "It is sure that the new technology will revolutionize the industry."
  1. The new technology will revolutionize the industry sure.
  2. Surely, the new technology will revolutionize the industry.
  3. Sure is that the new technology will revolutionize the industry.
  4. The new technology will revolutionize the industry for surely.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Surely, the new technology will revolutionize the industry.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Surely, the new technology will revolutionize the industry.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex to simple: 
- Complex sentence এ 'it is sure' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is surely' এর পরিবর্তে surely হবে।
- It is sure এর পরের relative pronoun টি বাদ যাবে, এরপরে বাকি sentence টি বসবে।

Complex Sentence: It is sure that the new technology will revolutionize the industry.
Simple Sentence: Surely, the new technology will revolutionize the industry.

অন্য দিকে, 
- Complex sentence এ 'it is certain' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is certain' এর পরিবর্তে certainly হবে।
- Complex sentence এ 'it is suddden' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is sudden' এর পরিবর্তে suddenly হবে।
- Complex sentence এ 'it is clear' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is clear' এর পরিবর্তে clearly হবে।
- Complex sentence এ 'it is definite' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is definite' এর পরিবর্তে definitely হবে।

যেমন:
Complex Sentence: It is clear that the project is progressing well.
Simple Sentence: Clearly, the project is progressing well.

Complex Sentence: It was sudden that he lost his mobile.
Simple Sentence: Suddenly, he lost his mobile.

Complex Sentence: It is definite that the event will take place.
Simple Sentence: Definitely, the event will take place.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.
১২৮.
She studied hard so that she could pass the exam. (make it simple)
  1. She studied hard to pass the exam.
  2. She studied hard passing the exam.
  3. She studied hard for pass the exam.
  4. She studied hard passed the exam.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She studied hard to pass the exam.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She studied hard to pass the exam.
ব্যাখ্যা

So that যুক্ত complex sentence কে simple sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম থেকে so এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে,
- so that থেকে many/ might/ can/ could পর্যন্ত উঠে যায়,
- to বসে,
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

• Complex sentence: She studied hard so that she could pass the exam.
• Simple sentence: She studied hard to pass the exam.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১২৯.
Despite being a rich man, he leads a very simple life. (Make it complex)
  1. ক) Although he is a rich man, he leads a very simple life.
  2. খ) As though he is a rich man, he leads a very simple life.
  3. গ) Though being a rich man, he leads a very simple life.
  4. ঘ) Though he is a rich man that he leads a very simple life.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Although he is a rich man, he leads a very simple life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Although he is a rich man, he leads a very simple life.
ব্যাখ্যা
• In spite of/ Despite / notwithstanding = সত্ত্বেও.
- Simple sentence এ in spite of/ Despite / notwithstanding থাকলে complex করতে হলে, 
- প্রথমে এদের পরিবর্তে though/ although বসে
- এর পর Subject+ Tense অনুযায়ী Verb বসে।
- পরবর্তী অংশ বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, Although he is a rich man, he leads a very simple life - সঠিক বাক্য।
১৩০.
Change it into simple:
It is sure that Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.
  1. It is surely of being Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.
  2. In spite of being Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.
  3. Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels for being sure.
  4. Surely, Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Surely, Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Surely, Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence: It is sure that Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.
Simple Sentence: Surely, Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.

Complex to simple: 
→ Complex sentence এ 'it is sure' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is sure' এর পরিবর্তে surely হবে।
→ It is sure এর পরের relative pronoun টি বাদ যাবে, এরপরে বাকি sentence টি বসবে।

অন্য দিকে, 
→ Complex sentence এ 'it is certain' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is certain' এর পরিবর্তে certainly হবে।
→ Complex sentence এ 'it is suddden' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is sudden' এর পরিবর্তে suddenly হবে।
→ Complex sentence এ 'it is clear' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is clear' এর পরিবর্তে clearly হবে।
→ Complex sentence এ 'it is definite' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is definite' এর পরিবর্তে definitely হবে।

Example:
Complex Sentence: It is clear that the project is progressing well.
Simple Sentence: Clearly, the project is progressing well.

Complex Sentence: It was sudden that he lost his mobile.
Simple Sentence: Suddenly, he lost his mobile.

Complex Sentence: It is definite that the event will take place.
Simple Sentence: Definitely, the event will take place.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.
১৩১.
Those who are eager to earn online can get themselves admitted in this course. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) Eager people to earn online can get themselves admitted in this course.
  2. খ) Those are eager to earn online to get themselves admitted in this course.
  3. গ) People eager to earn online can get themselves admitted in this course.
  4. ঘ) Those eager persons to earn online can get themselves admitted in this course.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) People eager to earn online can get themselves admitted in this course.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) People eager to earn online can get themselves admitted in this course.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex এ Noun+ who/ which/ that+ be + Adjective থাকলে Simple এ Adjective + Noun বসে।
কিন্তু Adjective Phrase হলে Noun+ Adjective Phrase বসে।< br />এখানে who এর আগে Pronoun আছে। Pronoun+ Adjective Phrase বসে না বিধায় অর্থের সাথে সঙ্গতি রেখে Noun যোগ করতে হয়েছে।
১৩২.
He left early so that he could catch the train. [Simple]
  1. He left too early to catch the train.
  2. He left early to catch the train.
  3. In spite of early, he left to catch the train.
  4. He left early than catch the train.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He left early to catch the train.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He left early to catch the train.
ব্যাখ্যা

• So that যুক্ত complex কে simple করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম থেকে so এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে,
- so that থেকে many/might/can/could/ পর্যন্ত উঠে যায়,
- to বসে,
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Complex: He worked hard so that he could prosper.
Simple: He worked hard to prosper.

Complex: He left early so that he could catch the train.
Simple: He left early to catch the train.

অন্য অপশনগুলো ভুল -
ক) He left too early to catch the train. → অর্থ পুরো উল্টে যায়। “too … to” মানে “এত বেশি আগে যে ট্রেন ধরতে পারেনি” (negative meaning).

গ) In spite of early, he left to catch the train. → একদম বেমানান। “in spite of” মানে বাধা সত্ত্বেও। অর্থ হয়ে যায় “আগে হওয়া সত্ত্বেও সে ট্রেন ধরতে বের হয়েছে” → অর্থহীন।

ঘ) He left early than catch the train. → grammatically ভুল। “earlier than” হয় তুলনায়, কিন্তু এখানে তুলনা নেই। সম্পূর্ণ ভুল।

Source: Advanced Learners by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৩৩.
‘I went to market with a view to buying a shirt’. This is a –
  1. Complex sentence
  2. Compound sentence
  3. Imperative sentence
  4. Simple sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
Simple sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Simple sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
এই sentence এ একটিই clause যেখানে একটি subject ‘I’ এবং একটিমাত্র finite verb ‘went’ আছে।
অতএব, এটি একটি Simple sentence।
১৩৪.
Make it simple : 'Work hard to avoid failure.'
  1. ক) Work hard or fail.
  2. খ) Working hard for avoiding failure
  3. গ) Work hard, unless you fail
  4. ঘ) Without working hard you cannot avoid failure.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Without working hard you cannot avoid failure.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Without working hard you cannot avoid failure.
ব্যাখ্যা

Work hard to avoid failure - এই বাক্যটিকে simple করতে হলেঃ without + gerund রূপে করতে হবে।
সঠিক উত্তর হবে অপশন ঘ

১৩৫.
It is beyond doubt that he is a brave man. (Simple)
  1. ক) It is doubtless that he is a brave man.
  2. খ) There is no doubt that he is a brave man.
  3. গ) Undoubtedly he is a brave man.
  4. ঘ) He is a brave man and there is no doubt about it.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Undoubtedly he is a brave man.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Undoubtedly he is a brave man.
ব্যাখ্যা
যে sentence-এ একটিমাত্র Subject ও একটিমাত্র Finite Verb থাকে তাকে Simple Sentence বলে।
প্রদত্ত চারটি অপশনের মধ্যে শুধুমাত্র 'Undoubtedly he is a brave man.' বাক্যটি simple Sentence-এর শর্ত পূরণ করছে।
১৩৬.
He shouted loudly and drew everyone’s attention. (Change it to simple)
  1. Since shouting loudly, he drew everyone’s attention.
  2. By shouting loudly, he drew everyone’s attention.
  3. If he shouting loudly, he drew everyone’s attention.
  4. Having shouting loudly, he drew everyone’s attention.
সঠিক উত্তর:
By shouting loudly, he drew everyone’s attention.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
By shouting loudly, he drew everyone’s attention.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Compound Sentence: He shouted loudly and drew everyone’s attention.
- Simple Sentence: By shouting loudly, he drew everyone’s attention.

• একটি simple sentence- এ শুধু মাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ, একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে।
- 'and' যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম-
- প্রথমে By + verb +ing, তারপর 'and' উঠিয়ে দিয়ে তার পরের clause টি বসে।

• More examples:
Compound Sentence: Cross that line and face the music.
Simple Sentence: By crossing that line you will face the music.

Compound Sentence: He opened the book and started reading.
Simple Sentence: By opening the book, he started reading.
১৩৭.
If you came earlier, I could give you more. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) By your coming earlier, I could give you more.
  2. খ) By coming earlier, I could give you more.
  3. গ) In case of your coming earlier, I could give you more.
  4. ঘ) Because of your coming earlier, I could give you more.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) In case of your coming earlier, I could give you more.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) In case of your coming earlier, I could give you more.
ব্যাখ্যা
Conditional Sentence এর উভয় Clause এর Subject ভিন্ন হলে If এর পরিবর্তে in case of (.....লে) বসাতে হয়।
যদি তুমি আরো আগে আসতে, আমি তোমাকে আরো বেশি দিতে পারতাম।
=> তুমি আরো আগে আসলে, আমি তোমাকে আরো বেশি দিতে পারতাম।
১৩৮.
It was August and we reached there with heavy hearts. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) On August, we reached there with heavy hearts.
  2. খ) In August, we reached there with heavy hearts.
  3. গ) At August, we reached there with heavy hearts.
  4. ঘ) For August, we reached there with heavy hearts.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) In August, we reached there with heavy hearts.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) In August, we reached there with heavy hearts.
ব্যাখ্যা
মাসের নামের পূর্বে In বসে। 
১৩৯.
When she was four, she started school. (Simple)
  1. At the age of four, she started school.
  2. At the age four, she started school.
  3. At the time of four, she started school.
  4. She was four to started school.
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the age of four, she started school.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the age of four, she started school.
ব্যাখ্যা
• When যুক্ত সময় নির্দেশক Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 

- When clause এ ছোট সময়/ বয়স/ ঋতুর উল্লেখ থাকলে, 
- When উঠে যায় +
- When এর পরে যে Subject ও Verb থাকে তা উঠে যায় +
- ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/in বসে, ঋতু থাকলে তার পূর্বে in বসে, বয়সের উল্লেখ থাকলে তার পূর্বে at the age of বসে
- পরবর্তী clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকে। 

Complex Sentence: When it is spring, the cuckoo sings. 
Simple Sentence: In spring the cuckoo sings. 

Complex Sentence: When he was four, he left his village.
Simple Sentence: At the age of four, he left his village.

Complex: When she was four, she started school.
Simple: At the age of four, she started school.
১৪০.
Choose the correct conversion into simple form of the sentences: Corona virus has attacked the world, Bangladesh has maintained a high growth rate of its economy.
  1. ক) Though Corona virus has attacked the world, Bangladesh has maintained a high economic growth rate.
  2. খ) Since Corona virus has attacked the world, Bangladesh
  3. গ) Corona virus has attacked the world, Bangladesh has maintained a high economic growth rate.
  4. ঘ) In spite of Corona virus attack in the world, Bangladesh has maintained a high growth rate.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) In spite of Corona virus attack in the world, Bangladesh has maintained a high growth rate.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) In spite of Corona virus attack in the world, Bangladesh has maintained a high growth rate.
ব্যাখ্যা

Though / Although যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়মঃ
- Though/Although-এর পরিবর্তে In Spite of বসে + সেই Clause এর Subject-এর Possessive form বসে + সেই Clause এর am/ is / are/was/ were এর পরিবর্তে being বসে বা সে clause এর has/have/ had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে বা সে বাক্যের মূল Verb এর Present form এর সাথে ing যােগ করতে হয় + Clause এর বাকী অংশ বসে + অপর clause বসে।

অতএব সঠিক উত্তর অপশন d.

নোটঃ in spite of এবং despite এরপর noun, gerund (-ing form of a verb) অথবা pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয়। attack -এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হবে না৷ কারণ এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হলে তা adjective এর কাজ করে যা বাক্যের structure এর সাথে বেমানান। 

Source: British Council, Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar

 
১৪১.
He has money and he can buy a car. (Make it simple)
  1. Because of his having money, he can buy a car.
  2. He having money, he can buy a car.
  3. He has money, he can buy a car.
  4. Having money, he can buy a car.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Because of his having money, he can buy a car.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Because of his having money, he can buy a car.
ব্যাখ্যা

And যুক্ত Compound Sentence এর উভয় অংশের Subject যদি একই হয় এবং প্রথম sentence দ্বারা কারণ বুঝায়, 
তাহলে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 
- প্রথমে Because of বসে + 
- প্রথম Sentence এর subject এর possessive form বসে + 
- be verb এর পরিবুরতে being বা have verb এর পরিবর্তে having বা মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয় + 
- প্রথম sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে + 
- and এর পরিবর্তে (,) বসে + 
- দ্বিতীয় Sentence টি বসে। 

Compound: He has money and he can buy a car.
Simple: Because of his having money, he can buy a car. 

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain. 

১৪২.
In the event of not doing it, you will die. (Make it Compound) -
  1. ক) You do or you will die.
  2. খ) If you do it, you will live longer. 
  3. গ) Do or die
  4. ঘ) None of these.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Do or die
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Do or die
ব্যাখ্যা
•'Do or die': Compound sentence. - কারণ,  যখন কোনো Sentence এ একাধিক Principal 
clause যেমন, but, or, yet, therefore of Co-ordinating Conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়, তাকে Compound sentence বলে।
•There are two clauses and one conjunction. One main clause is “Do” and the other main clause is “Die”. Or is the conjunction.
অপর দিকে,
• Simple sentence এ একটি মাত্র clause থাকে। in the simple sentence, there is only one finite verb, ‘die’.
১৪৩.
Which one is the simple sentence?
  1. It is the place where he lives.
  2. I know the place of his living.
  3. I know this place as he lives here.
  4. I know the place where he lives.
সঠিক উত্তর:
I know the place of his living.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I know the place of his living.
ব্যাখ্যা
⇒Simple Sentence: একটি বাক্য, যেখানে মাত্র একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে এবং কোনো subordinate clause বা অতিরিক্ত clause থাকে না।
অর্থাৎ  একটি Simple Sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে যেখানে একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে।
- যে sentence-এ একটি subject ও verb থাকে, তাকে simple sentence বলে।

- I know the place of his living - এই বাক্যে,
- একটি subject (i) এবং একটি verb (know) রয়েছে।
- বাকি আপশনগুলোতে একাধিক subject ও verb রয়েছে।

প্রতিটি অপশন বিবেচনায় দেখি যে:
ক) "I know the place where he lives"- complex sentence.
খ) "It is the place where he lives" - complex sentence.
গ) "I know this place as he lives here" - complex sentence.

সুতরাং, অপশন বিবেচনায় 'I know the place of his living' হবে সঠিক উত্তর।
১৪৪.
She did not get a good job although he had qualifications. (make it simple)
  1. Despite of her having qualifications, she did not get a good job.
  2. In spite her having qualifications, she did not get a good job.
  3. In spite of her having qualifications, she did not get a good job.
  4. Despite her having qualification, she did not get good job.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of her having qualifications, she did not get a good job.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of her having qualifications, she did not get a good job.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex to simple:
যদি Though/Although clause এ has/have/had থাকে সেক্ষেত্রে নিচের নিয়মটি ব্যবহার করে simple এ পরিণত করতে হবে:

- Though/Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/In spite of বসে।
-  subject এর possessive form বসে।
- has/have/had এর স্থানে having অথবা verb+ ing ব্যবহার হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসে। 
- ২য় clause.

Complex: She did not get a good job although she had qualifications.
Simple: In spite of her having qualifications, she did not get a good job.

Source: Advanced Learners by Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৪৫.
If you want to play well, you have to practice more. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) To play well, you have to practice more.
  2. খ) By playing well, you have to practice more.
  3. গ) In case of playing well, you have to practice more.
  4. ঘ) Because of playing well, you have to practice more.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) To play well, you have to practice more.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) To play well, you have to practice more.
ব্যাখ্যা
Transformation এর ক্ষেত্রে Preposition/ Conjunction এগুলো ব্যবহারের চেয়ে বেশি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ হচ্ছে বাক্যের ভাবার্থ ঠিক রাখা। বাক্যের ভাবার্থ ঠিক রাখতে পারলে এবং নির্দেশিত Structure ঠিক থাকলে আপনি কোন্‌ শব্দ ব্যবহার করে Transformation করলেন, সেটা বিবেচ্য বিষয় নয়।
প্রদত্ত বাক্যের অর্থ : যদি তুমি ভালো খেলতে চাও তাহলে তোমাকে অনেক বেশি চর্চা করতে হবে। 
ক – ভালো খেলতে হলে তোমাকে অনেক বেশি চর্চা করতে হবে। 
খ – ভালো খেলে তোমাকে অনেক বেশি চর্চা করতে হবে। 
গ- ভালো খেললে তোমাকে অনেক বেশি চর্চা করতে হবে। 
ঘ- ভালো খেলার কারণে তোমাকে অনেক বেশি চর্চা করতে হবে। 
সুস্পষ্টভাবে বোঝা যাচ্ছে যে, এখানে ক অপশনই সঠিক।
১৪৬.
Though he has many friends, he feels lonely. [Simple]
  1. Despite of his having many friends, he feels lonely.
  2. In spite of his to having many friends, he feels lonely.
  3. In spite his having many friends, he feels lonely.
  4. In spite of his having many friends, he feels lonely.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his having many friends, he feels lonely.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his having many friends, he feels lonely.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex to simple:
যদি Though/Although clause এ has/have/had থাকে সেক্ষেত্রে নিচের নিয়মটি ব্যবহার করে simple এ পরিণত করতে হবে:

- Though/Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/In spite of বসে।
-  subject এর possessive form বসে।
- has/have/had এর স্থানে having অথবা verb+ ing ব্যবহার হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসে। 
- ২য় clause.

Complex: Though the man has much riches, he wants more.
Simple: In spite of his having much riches, he wants more.

Complex: Though he has many friends, he feels lonely.
Simple: In spite of his having many friends, he feels lonely.

Other options,

ক) Despite of his having many friends, he feels lonely.
- “Despite of” - সাধারণত Despite যথেষ্ট, “of” লাগবে না।

খ) In spite of his to having many friends, he feels lonely.
- “to having” - ভুল। Gerund আগে “to” লাগে না।

গ) In spite his having many friends, he feels lonely.
- “In spite his” - ভুল। “of” বাদ দেওয়া হয়েছে।

১৪৭.
They forgot what the schedule was. (Simple)
  1. They forgot the schedule.
  2. They forgot of the schedule.
  3. They forgot about the schedule.
  4. They forgot the schedule's being.
সঠিক উত্তর:
They forgot the schedule.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
They forgot the schedule.
ব্যাখ্যা
• What যুক্ত Complex sentence কে simple করার নিয়ম
- Subject বসে। 
- Verb বসে। 
- What উঠে যায়।
- প্রদত্ত possessive টি বসে। 
- possessive এর পরে noun বসে। 

Complex: I know what his name is.
Simple: I know his name.

Complex: They forgot what the schedule was.
Simple: They forgot the schedule.
১৪৮.
Transform into a simple sentence: "He is talented, but he is careless." 
  1. Being talented, he is careless.
  2. In spite of his talent, he is careless.
  3. In spite of his being talented, he is careless.
  4. In spite of he being talented, he is careless.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his being talented, he is careless.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his being talented, he is careless.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: গ) In spite of his being talented, he is careless.

Rule: Compound (but) → Simple (In spite of)
Compound বাক্যে যদি but থাকে, সেটিকে Simple Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করতে হলে In spite of ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- প্রথম clause-এর subject কে possessive form করতে হয়।
- যদি প্রথম clause-এ be verb (is/was/are/were) থাকে, তবে তার জায়গায় being বসাতে হয়।
- যদি has/have/had থাকে, তবে having বসাতে হয়।
- যদি মূল verb থাকে, তবে verb + ing বসাতে হয়।
- but বাদ দিয়ে বাক্যকে একত্রে লিখতে হয়।
 
অর্থাৎ Compound বাক্যে যদি but থাকে, সেটিকে Simple Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করতে হলে প্রথমে In spite of ব্যবহার করতে হয়। এরপর প্রথম clause-এর subject কে possessive form করতে হয়। যদি প্রথম clause-এ be verb (is/was/are/were) থাকে, তবে তার জায়গায় being বসাতে হয়। যদি has/have/had থাকে, তবে তার জায়গায় having বসাতে হয়। আর যদি মূল verb থাকে, তবে verb-এর সাথে ‑ing যোগ করতে হয়। তারপর বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় অংশ অপরিবর্তিত বসে। অর্থাৎ, Compound বাক্যে but বাদ দিয়ে তার জায়গায় In spite of + possessive subject + being/having/verb+ing বসিয়ে Simple Sentence তৈরি করতে হয়।

Structure: In spite of + Subject-এর possessive form + being/having/verb+ing + বাক্যের বাকি অংশ। 
 
উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নের এখানে,
Given Compound Sentence: He is talented, but he is careless.
Correct Simple Sentence: In spite of his being talented, he is careless.

Other options:
ক) Being talented, he is careless. → এখানে In spite of ব্যবহার করা হয়নি। Rule অনুযায়ী but → In spite of করতে হবে।
খ) In spite of he talent, he is careless. → এখানে Subject he ও talent noun ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, কিন্তু Rule অনুযায়ী Subject his ও is → being বসাতে হবে।
ঘ) In spite of he being talented, he is careless. → এখানে Subject he কে possessive form his করতে হবে। তাই এটি ভুল।
 
Example Sentence:
Compound: She is intelligent, but she is lazy.
Simple: In spite of her being intelligent, she is lazy.
Compound: He had money, but he was unhappy.
Simple: In spite of his having money, he was unhappy.

১৪৯.
It is sure that he has done it. (Make it simple)
  1. It is surely has done by him.
  2. It is sure he has done it.
  3. Surely, he has done it.
  4. He has done it is sure.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Surely, he has done it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Surely, he has done it.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex sentence এ it is certain, it is surely, it is sudden থাকলে Simple sentence এ
- it is surely এর পরিবর্তে surely হবে + এর পরের relative pronoun টি বাদ যাবে + বাকি sentence টি বসবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
Complex: It is sure that he has done it.
Simple: Surely, he has done it.

• অন্য দিকে, 
- it is certain এর পরিবর্তে certainly হবে
- it is sudden এর পরিবর্তে suddenly হবে.

যেমন:
Complex: It is certain that he will come here.
Simple: Certainly, he will come here.

Complex: It was sudden that he lost his mobile.
Simple: Suddenly, he lost his mobile.

Source: Advance Learner's English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৫০.
The situation having been unfavourable, we returned home. This is a/an-
  1. ক) Complex sentence
  2. খ) Compound sentence
  3. গ) Simple sentence
  4. ঘ) Imperative sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Simple sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Simple sentence
ব্যাখ্যা

The situation having been unfavourable - এর মধ্যে কোন Finite Verb (Tense অনুযায়ী Verb) নেই।
তাই পুরো বাক্যের মধ্যে Clause আছে একটি (we returned home)। তাই এটি Simple Sentence.
বাক্যের অর্থ – পরিস্থিতি প্রতিকূল হয়ে যাওয়ায় আমরা বাড়িতে ফিরে এলাম।

১৫১.
'Five years have passed since his father died'. Identify the correct simple form of the sentence from the following options:
  1. His father has died five years ago.
  2. His father died five years ago.
  3. His father has died for five years.
  4. His father died since five years.
সঠিক উত্তর:
His father died five years ago.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
His father died five years ago.
ব্যাখ্যা

→[47th BCS Preli]
 
- Complex: Five years have passed since his father died.
- Simple: His father died five years ago.

• প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি একটি Complex sentence.
- কারণ sentence টিতে একটি independent clause "Five years have passed" এবং একটি Subordinate clause "since his father died" আছে।
- এটিকে Simple sentence -এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে, একটি subject এবং Finite verb যুক্ত sentence -এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে এবং বাক্যের অর্থ ঠিক রাখতে হবে।
- কারণ সাধারণত একটি clause-এর মধ্যে একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb নিয়ে simple sentence গঠিত হয়।

• Option Analysis:
ক) "His father has died five years ago."
- এটি ভুল, কারণ Present perfect tense ("has died") cannot be used with a specific past time reference like "five years ago."

খ) "His father died five years ago."
- এই বাক্যটি correct simple form, কারণ এই বাক্যে past time expression "five years ago" -এর সাথে সঠিকভাবে simple past tense ব্যবহার হয়েছে, যা original sentence এর same meaning বহন করে।

গ) "His father has died for five years."
- এটি ভুল, কারণ The verb "die" is a momentary action (not continuous), আর duration ("for five years") এর সাথে "has died" ব্যবহার করা যায় না।
- এর বদলে "His father has been dead for five years." ব্যবহার করা যায় কিন্তু তখন অর্থ বদলে যাবে।

ঘ) "His father died since five years."
- এটি correct simple sentence নয়, কারণ "Since" requires present perfect tense, and "since five years" is grammatically wrong (should be "since five years ago").

- সুতরাং, প্রদত্ত অপশন অনুযায়ী দেখা যায় যে, correct simple sentence টি হলো- খ) His father died five years ago.

১৫২.
‘Move or die’. The simple form of the sentence is -
  1. In case of your not moving, you will die.
  2. Without move, you will die.
  3. If you do not move, you will die.
  4. In case you do not move, you will die.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In case of your not moving, you will die.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In case of your not moving, you will die.
ব্যাখ্যা
Or যুক্ত  compound sentence কে simple করার ক্ষেত্রে without + ing যুক্ত verb +Principal clause হয়।
অথবা In case of +possessive+ not + ing যুক্ত verb +Principal clause হয়।
‘গ’ ও ‘ঘ’ অপশন দুটি complex sentence. তাই সঠিক উত্তর নয়।
১৫৩.
When it was evening, I saw the children playing in the field. (make it simple)
  1. In evening I was seeing the children playing in the field.
  2. I seen the children playing in the evening in the field.
  3. By the children playing in the field I saw in the evening.
  4. At evening I saw the children playing in the field.
সঠিক উত্তর:
At evening I saw the children playing in the field.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
At evening I saw the children playing in the field.
ব্যাখ্যা

• When যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence করার নিয়ম:
- When উঠে যায় এবং when এরপরের অংশে যে Subject ও Verb থাকে টা উঠে যায়। 
- ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/ in বসে।
- ঋতু বুঝালে তার পূর্বে in বসে।
- বয়স বুঝালে at the age of বসে।
- Comma (,) এরপরের অংশ বসবে।

• Complex Sentence: When it was evening, I saw the children playing in the field.
• Simple Sentence: At evening I saw the children playing in the field.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৫৪.
When he was ten, he won the prize. (Simple) 
  1. At the age of ten, he won the prize.
  2. At age of ten, he win the prize.
  3. In the age of ten, he won the prize.
  4. At the time of ten, he win the prize. 
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the age of ten, he won the prize.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the age of ten, he won the prize.
ব্যাখ্যা

• When যুক্ত সময় নির্দেশক Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 

- When clause এ ছোট সময়/ বয়স/ ঋতুর উল্লেখ থাকলে, 
- When উঠে যায় +
- When এর পরে যে Subject ও Verb থাকে তা উঠে যায় +
- ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/in বসে, ঋতু থাকলে তার পূর্বে in বসে, বয়সের উল্লেখ থাকলে তার পূর্বে at the age of বসে
- পরবর্তী clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকে। 

Complex Sentence: When he was ten, he won the prize. 
Simple Sentence: At the age of ten, he won the prize.

১৫৫.
Work diligently or you will not succeed. [Simple]
  1. Without working diligently, you would not succeed.
  2. Without working diligently, you will succeed.
  3. Without working diligently, you will not succeeded.
  4. Without working diligently, you will not succeed.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without working diligently, you will not succeed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without working diligently, you will not succeed.
ব্যাখ্যা

• or যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Simple করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Without বসে +
- প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয় +
- ক্রিয়ার পরের অংশ বসে +
- or এর পরিবর্তে (,) বসে +
- দ্বিতীয় বাক্য বসে।

Structure: Without + verb + ing + Subject + extension.

Compound: Work diligently or you will not succeed.
Simple: Without working diligently, you will not succeed.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain, and A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১৫৬.
He was enthusiastic about the project, but he failed to meet the deadline. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) Despite of his being enthusiastic about the project, he failed to meet the deadline.
  2. খ) Inspite being enthusiastic about the project, he failed to meet the deadline.
  3. গ) Inspite of his enthusiasm about the project, he failed to meet the deadline.
  4. ঘ) Despite of his enthusiasm about the project, he failed to meet the deadline.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Inspite of his enthusiasm about the project, he failed to meet the deadline.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Inspite of his enthusiasm about the project, he failed to meet the deadline.
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple Sentence:
- যে sentence- এ একটি মাত্র subject ও একটি মাত্র Finite verb থাকে তাকে simple sentence বলে। 

• But যুক্ত Compound sentence কে simple sentence এ রূপান্তর: 
- শুরুতে inspite of/despite বসে।
- person অনুযায়ী possessive form যেমন: my/his/her বসে। 
- প্রথম clause এর adjective এর noun form + দ্বিতীয় clause ব্যবহার করা হয়।

• Example: 
Compound: He is rich but he is unhappy. 
Simple: Inspite of his riches he is unhappy.

Compound: He was ill, but he came for rehearsal.
Simple: In spite of his illness, he came for rehearsal. 
১৫৭.
He completed the project successfully even though he had little experience in management. (Make it simple)
  1. Despite of having little experience in management, he completed the project successfully.
  2. In spite of having little experience in management, he completed the project successfully.
  3. Because of having little experience in management, he completed the project successfully.
  4. Although having little experience in management, he completed the project successfully.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of having little experience in management, he completed the project successfully.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of having little experience in management, he completed the project successfully.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Though/ Although Clause এ has/ have/ had থাকলে সে ক্ষেত্রে Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/ In Spite of বসে।
- Subject অনুসারে এর Possessive form বসে।
- has/ have/ had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসবে।

• Complex Sentence: He completed the project successfully even though he had little experience in management.
• Simple Sentence: In spite of having little experience in management, he completed the project successfully.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৫৮.
Change the following sentence into Simple sentence: The boy who is industrious can shine in life.
  1. ক) An industrious boy can shine in life.
  2. খ) If the boy is industrious, he can shine in life.
  3. গ) The boy is industrious so can shine in life.
  4. ঘ) The boy can't shine in life without being industrious.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) An industrious boy can shine in life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) An industrious boy can shine in life.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Complex to simple এর ক্ষেত্রে,

Subject + relative pronoun + adjective যুক্ত Complex sentence কে simple করার সময়,
- প্রথমে that এর পরিবর্তে a/an বসে।
- relative pronoun এর পরে adjective টি বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Subject টি বসে।
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর adjective এর পরের অংশ বসে।

Complex: The girl who is mysterious can make a good result.
Simple: A mysterious girl can make a good result.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৫৯.
They were playing and it began to rain. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) When they were playing, it began to rain.
  2. খ) While playing, it began to rain.
  3. গ) After their playing, it began to rain.
  4. ঘ) At the time of their playing, it began to rain.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) At the time of their playing, it began to rain.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) At the time of their playing, it began to rain.
ব্যাখ্যা
তারা খেলছিল এবং বৃষ্টি শুরু হয়ে গেল। অর্থাৎ খেলা অবস্থায়ই বৃষ্টি শুরু হয়ে গেল। 
তাই সঠিক উত্তর হবে - At the time of their playing, it began to rain.
when এবং while – Complex Sentence এ ব্যবহৃত হয়। while + Verb+ing থাকলে এটাকে Simple এর মত মনে হলেও মূলত এখানে Subject উহ্য ধরে নিয়ে এটাকে Complex ই বিবেচনা করতে হয়।
১৬০.
I studied hard but could not pass the exam. (Make it simple)
  1. In spite of my studying hard, I could not pass the exam.
  2. In spite of my being studied hard, I could not pass the exam.
  3. In spite of my having study hard, I could not pass the exam.
  4. In spite of studying hard, I can not pass the exam.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of my studying hard, I could not pass the exam.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of my studying hard, I could not pass the exam.
ব্যাখ্যা
• The correct simple form is- ক) "In spite of my studying hard, I could not pass the exam."

• But যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Simple Sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Inspite of বসে +
- প্রথম part এর Subject এর Posssesive form বসেছে +
- প্রথম part এর am/is/are/was/were এর পরিবর্তে being বসে,
- বা has, have, had, এর পরিবর্তে having বসে,
- বা প্রথম part এর মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়+
- but এর পরিবর্তে comma (,) বসে+ দ্বিতীয় Sentence টি বসে।

(i) Compound: He is ill but he can run fast.
Simple: In spite of his being ill, he can run fast.
(ii) Compound: I ran fast but I could not get the train.
Simple: In spite of my running fast, I could not get the train.

Source: Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury and Hossain.
১৬১.
I ran fast but I could not get the train.
Make it simple-
  1. In spite of my running fast, I could not get the train.
  2. Though I ran fast, I missed the train.
  3. Running fast, I missed the train.
  4. I ran fast, yet I missed the train.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of my running fast, I could not get the train.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of my running fast, I could not get the train.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct Answer: In spite of my running fast, I could not get the train.

• But যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Simple Sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম- 

- প্রথমে Inspite of বসে + প্রথম Sentence এর Subject এর Posssesive form বসেছে + প্রথম Sentence এর am/is/are/was/were এর পরিবর্তে being বসে বা has, have, had, এর পরিবর্তে having বসে বা প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়+ but এর পরিবর্তে comma (,) বসে+ দ্বিতীয় Sentence টি বসে।

• Compound: He is ill but he can run fast.
- Simple: In spite of his being ill, he can run fast.

• Compound: I ran fast but I could not get the train.
- Simple: In spite of my running fast, I could not get the train.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
১৬২.
As you pay, you will receive. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) By your payment, you will receive.
  2. খ) Because of your payment, you will receive.
  3. গ) You will receive according to your payment.
  4. ঘ) For your payment, you will receive.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) You will receive according to your payment.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) You will receive according to your payment.
ব্যাখ্যা
প্রদত্ত বাক্যের অর্থ : তুমি যেমন টাকা দিবে তেমন পাবে। (অনুরূপ বাক্য As you sow, so you reap = যেমন কর্ম তেমন ফল।)
অর্থ অনুযায়ী এর Simple হবে –
You will receive according to your payment. (তোমার টাকা পরিশোধ অনুযায়ী তুমি প্রাপ্ত হবে।)
১৬৩.
The birds that come to our country in Winter are called migratory birds. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) The birds coming to our country in winter are called migratory birds.
  2. খ) The birds come to our country in winter called migratory birds.
  3. গ) The birds come to our country in winter calling migratory birds.
  4. ঘ) The birds come to our country in winter to be called migratory birds.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) The birds coming to our country in winter are called migratory birds.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) The birds coming to our country in winter are called migratory birds.
ব্যাখ্যা
Relative Pronoun যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Simple করতে হলে - 
1. Verb+ing : Active Adjective অর্থাৎ Verb টি আগের Noun/ Pronoun দ্বারা সম্পাদিত হয়। অথবা,
2. Verb এর PP : Passive Adjective অর্থাৎ Verb টির কাজ তার পূর্বের Noun/ Pronoun এর উপর পতিত হয়। 

[Relative Pronoun = Who, Whom, Whose, Which, What, That, But (যে না) ইত্যাদি।]  

এই বাক্যে The birds that come হচ্ছে Active Adjective কারণ bird ই verb (come) সম্পাদন করছে।
তাই সঠিক simple sentence টি হবে - 
The birds coming to our country in winter are called migratory birds.
১৬৪.
He is so dishonest that he cannot speak the truth. (Simple)
  1. He is too dishonest to be spoken the truth.
  2. He is too dishonest to speak the truth.
  3. He is very dishonest and cannot speak the truth.
  4. He is too dishonest that he cannot speak the truth.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He is too dishonest to speak the truth.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He is too dishonest to speak the truth.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Complex: He is so dishonest that he cannot speak the truth. 
- Simple: He is too dishonest to speak the truth.

• So that যুক্ত complex কে simple করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম থেকে so এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে।
- so এর পরিবর্তে too বসে।
- so এর পরের adjective বসে।
- that থেকে many/might/can/could/ পর্যন্ত উঠে যায়।
- to বসে।
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

More example:
- Complex: The box is so heavy that I cannot lift it.
- Simple: The box is too heavy to lift.

- Complex: She spoke so softly that we could not hear her.
- Simple: She spoke too softly to be heard.

Source: Advanced Learners by Choudhury & Hossain.

১৬৫.
If he completes the task successfully, I will reward him. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) By completing the task successfully, I will reward him.
  2. খ) In case of his completing the task successfully, I will reward him.
  3. গ) As soon as he completes the task, i will reward him.
  4. ঘ) Because of his completing the task successfully, I will reward him.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) In case of his completing the task successfully, I will reward him.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) In case of his completing the task successfully, I will reward him.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex Sentence এ If থাকলে Simple Sentence এ সাধারণত by বসে।
- তবে সেটা তখনই যখন উভয় Clause এ Subject একই থাকে।
- Clause দুটিতে Subject ভিন্ন হলে in case of + Subject এর Possessive Form+ Verb + ing + Sub + বাকি clause টি।

•  If he completes the task successfully, I will reward him - এই বাক্যটিতে Clause দুটিতে Subject ভিন্ন।
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - In case of his completing the task successfully, I will reward him.
১৬৬.
The teacher who is honest teaches well. (simple)
  1. Honest teacher teaches well.
  2. An honest teacher teaches well.
  3. Honest the teacher teaches well.
  4. A teacher who honest teaches well.
সঠিক উত্তর:
An honest teacher teaches well.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
An honest teacher teaches well.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - খ) An honest teacher teaches well.

Complex থেকে Simple করার ক্ষেত্রে,
• Subject + relative pronoun (who/which / that) + adjective যুক্ত complex sentence কে simple sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
(i) প্রথমে the-এর পরিবর্তে a / an বসে +
(ii) relative pronoun এর পরের adjective টি বসে +
(ii) প্রদত্ত subject টি বসে +
(iv) প্রদত্ত sentence-এর adjective-এর পরের অংশটি বসে।

• Example:
Complex: The teacher who is honest teaches well.
Simple: An honest teacher teaches well.

• More example:
Complex: The girl who is meritorious can make a good result.
Simple: A meritorious girl can make a good result.

Complex: The student who is hardworking passed the test.
Simple: A hardworking student passed the test.

Complex: The boy who is industrious can shine in life.
Simple: An industrious boy can shine in life.
- নিয়ম অনুযায়ী article an বসেছে প্রদত্ত adjective industrious বসেছে+ subject boy বসেছে + can থেকে life পর্যন্ত বসেছে।

Other options
ক) Honest teacher teaches well.
- article (a/an/the) বাদ গেছে, যা ভুল।

গ) Honest the teacher teaches well.
- শব্দ বিন্যাস ভুল।

ঘ) A teacher who honest teaches well.
- ভুল relative clause, "who is honest" হবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
১৬৭.
Though the man has much wealth, he is not happy. [Simple]
  1. Despite of his having much wealth, he is not happy.
  2. In spite of his having much wealth, he is not happy.
  3. In spite of his having wealth, he is not happy.
  4. Even his having much wealth, he is not happy.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his having much wealth, he is not happy.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his having much wealth, he is not happy.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex to simple:
যদি Though/Although clause এ has/have/had থাকে সেক্ষেত্রে নিচের নিয়মটি ব্যবহার করে simple এ পরিণত করতে হবে:

- Though/Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/In spite of বসে।
- subject এর possessive form বসে।
- has/have/had এর স্থানে having অথবা verb+ ing ব্যবহার হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসে।
- ২য় clause.

Complex: Though the man has much riches, he wants more.
Simple: In spite of his having much riches, he wants more.

Complex: Though the man has much wealth, he is not happy.
Simple: In spite of his having much wealth, he is not happy.

১৬৮.
He will go to the theatre and watch the play. (make it simple)
  1. Go to the theatre, he will watch the play.
  2. Going to the theatre, and he will watch the play.
  3. He will go to the theatre, and he will watch the play.
  4. Going to the theatre, he will watch the play.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Going to the theatre, he will watch the play.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Going to the theatre, he will watch the play.
ব্যাখ্যা
And যুক্ত Compound sentence এর উভয় অংশের subject যদি একই হয় এবং উভয় অংশে মূল verb থাকে তাহলে তা Simple sentence করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথম অংশের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হবে।
- প্রথম অংশের মূল verb এর পরের অংশ বসে।
- and এর পরিবর্তে কমা (,) বসে।
- প্রথম অংশের কর্তা বসে (২য় অংশের কর্তা থাকলে তা উঠে যায়)।
- ২য় অংশের বাকী অংশ বসে।

Compound: He will go to the theatre and watch the play.
Simple: Going to the theatre, he will watch the play.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৬৯.
When it was storming, we stayed inside. [simple]
  1. While at the time of storming, we stayed inside.
  2. In storming, we stayed inside.
  3. At the stormed, we stayed inside.
  4. At the time of storming, we stayed inside.
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the time of storming, we stayed inside.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the time of storming, we stayed inside.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex: When it was storming, we stayed inside.
Simple: At the time of storming, we stayed inside.

• When দ্বারা সময় না বুঝিয়ে কোন কাজ চলা বোঝালে তখন,
- At the time of + when যুক্ত অংশের -ing যুক্ত ক্রিয়াটি বসে। 
- বাকি অংশ বসে। 

More examples:
Complex: When it was raining, Rahi woke up.
Simple: At the time of raining, Rahi woke up.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৭০.
She was ill but she went to school. (make it simple)
  1. Despite her illness, she go to school.
  2. Inspite her illness, she went to school.
  3. Despite her illness, she went to school.
  4. Despite of her illness, she went to school.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Despite her illness, she went to school.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Despite her illness, she went to school.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Compound to simple:

• But যুক্ত Compound sentence কে simple sentence এ রূপান্তর: 
- শুরুতে in spite of/despite বসে।
- person অনুযায়ী possessive form যেমন: my/his/her বসে। 
- প্রথম clause এর adjective এর noun form + দ্বিতীয় clause ব্যবহার করা হয়।

Compound: She was ill but she went to school.
Simple: Despite her illness, she went to school.
১৭১.
The Juice is so cold that I cannot drink it. (Simple)
  1. ক) The Juice is so cold because I drink it.
  2. খ) The Juice is so cold to drink.
  3. গ) The Juice is too cold for me to drink.
  4. ঘ) The juice is too cold to drink it.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) The Juice is too cold for me to drink.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) The Juice is too cold for me to drink.
ব্যাখ্যা
- সাধারণত,  So +adjective+ that যুক্ত বাক্যের দুইটি clause এ ভিন্ন ভিন্ন subject থাকলে, simple করার সময় নিম্নোক্ত structure প্রযোজ্য হয়: 

Subject+ ‘to be’verb+ too +adjective + for +object( that এর পরের wordটির objectরূপ) + infinitive (এর পরে আর object হবেনা)


এছাড়া, 
এখানে কে খাবে, তা উল্লেখ আছে, সেহেতু Simple sentence এ transform করার সময়   for me কথাটির উল্লেখ করতে হবে।

সুতরাং, সঠিক উত্তর হবে: The Juice is too cold for me to drink. 
১৭২.
Although he is poor, he is honest (Simple).
  1. ক) Despite his poor, he is honest
  2. খ) Despite his honesty, he is poor
  3. গ) Despite his poverty, he is honest
  4. ঘ) In spite of having poor, he is honest
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Despite his poverty, he is honest
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Despite his poverty, he is honest
ব্যাখ্যা
Although দ্বারা যুক্ত দুটি clause-এর simple form গঠন করার নিয়ম-
In spite of/despite + pronoun-এর possessive form + adjective-এর noun form + অন্য clause টি বসে।
তাই সঠিক উত্তর - Despite his poverty, he is honest.
১৭৩.
As soon as he saw the police, he put the bag in the dustbin. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) On seeing the police, he put the bag in the dustbin.
  2. খ) After seeing the police, he put the bag in the dustbin.
  3. গ) Because of seeing the police, he put the bag in the dustbin.
  4. ঘ) In spite of seeing the police, he put the bag in the dustbin.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) On seeing the police, he put the bag in the dustbin.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) On seeing the police, he put the bag in the dustbin.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence এ ‍as soon as থাকলে Simple Sentence এ On (সাথে সাথেই) বসে। এ হিসেবে (ক) সঠিক। 
১৭৪.
A truthful person is not afraid of anybody. (Make it complex)
  1. ক) A person who is truthful is not afraid of anybody. 
  2. খ) A truthful person is not afraid of anybody who is he.
  3. গ) A person is not afraid who is truthful.
  4. ঘ) It is a truthful person who is not afraid of anybody.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) A person who is truthful is not afraid of anybody. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) A person who is truthful is not afraid of anybody. 
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple এ Adjective + Noun থাকলে Complex এ Noun + who/ which/ that + be + Adjective বসে।
সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর - ক) A person who is truthful is not afraid of anybody. 
১৭৫.
When it was night, the city looked silent. (make it simple)
  1. In night the city looked silent.
  2. By night the city looked silent.
  3. At night the city was looked silent.
  4. At night the city looked silent.
সঠিক উত্তর:
At night the city looked silent.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
At night the city looked silent.
ব্যাখ্যা

• When যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence করার নিয়ম:
- When উঠে যায় এবং when এরপরের অংশে যে Subject ও Verb থাকে টা উঠে যায়। 
- ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/ in বসে।
- ঋতু বুঝালে তার পূর্বে in বসে।
- বয়স বুঝালে at the age of বসে।
- Comma (,) এরপরের অংশ বসবে।

• Complex Sentence: When it was night, the city looked silent.
• Simple Sentence: At night the city looked silent.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৭৬.
As he had no money, he could not buy a book. (make it simple)
  1. Because of no money, he could not buy a book.
  2. Because of his having no money, he could not buy a book.
  3. He had no money, so he could not buy a book.
  4. He had no money, and he could not buy a book.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Because of his having no money, he could not buy a book.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Because of his having no money, he could not buy a book.
ব্যাখ্যা

Complex: As he had no money, he could not buy a book.
Simple: Because of his having no money, he could not buy a book.

• Since/as/when যুক্ত Complex sentence এর দুটি clause এর subject একই হলে এবং প্রথম clause টিতে am/is/are/was/were/has/have had থাকলে, বাক্যটিকে simple sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে -
- প্রথম clause এর as/since/when এর পরিবর্তে because of + সে clause এর subject এর possessive form +
- am/is/are/was/were এর পরিবর্তে being বসে+
- অথবা has/have had থাকলে having বসে+
- সে sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে+
- Comma বসে+
- এরপর দ্বিতীয় clause টি বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৭৭.
Make it simple sentence: When he was five, his parents left him.
  1. ক) He was five and his parents left him.
  2. খ) At the age of five, his parents left him.
  3. গ) His parents left him when he was five.
  4. ঘ) He was left by his parents at the age of five.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) At the age of five, his parents left him.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) At the age of five, his parents left him.
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে- At the age of five, his parents left him. 
- প্রদত্ত sentence টি complex sentence এ আছে। 
- When clause যুক্ত complex sentence কে simple করার নিয়ম : When উঠে যায় + subject + verb উঠে যায় + বয়স বুঝালে at the age of / ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/in বসে। 

Source: Advancer Learner's HSC Communicative English by Chowdhury & Hussain.
১৭৮.
He wanted to succeed and so he worked hard. (make it simple)
  1. ক) He worked hard so that he could succeed.
  2. খ) He worked hard to succeed.
  3. গ) He worked hard in order to succeed.
  4. ঘ) Both খ) & গ)
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Both খ) & গ)
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Both খ) & গ)
ব্যাখ্যা
Compound থেকে Simple করতে হলে:
1.    Compound এর Conjunction বাদ দিতে হবে; 
2.    Simple এর Preposition যোগ করতে হবে;
3.    ২টি Clause এর মধ্যে ১টি Clause যেভাবে আছে সেভাবে রেখে দিতে হবে।

প্রদত্ত বাক্যটির অর্থ - সে সফল হতে চেয়েছিল এবং তাই সে কঠোর পরিশ্রম করেছিল।
অর্থের দিক থেকে খ) ও গ) দুইটি অপশনই simple sentence হিসেবে সঠিক।
Simple sentence এর অর্থ - সফল হওয়ার জন্য সে কঠোর পরিশ্রম করেছিল।
১৭৯.
I saw a boy who was playing in the field. (make is simple)
  1. ক) I saw a boy playing in the field.
  2. খ) I saw a boy of playing in the field.
  3. গ) A playing boy was seen by me.
  4. ঘ) I saw a boy who playing in the field.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) I saw a boy playing in the field.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) I saw a boy playing in the field.
ব্যাখ্যা
Relative Pronoun = Who, whom, Whose, Which, What, That, But (যে না) ইত্যাদি। 
Relative Pronoun যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Simple করতে হলে -
Verb+ing = Active Adjective অর্থাৎ, Verb টি আগের Noun/ Pronoun দ্বারা সম্পাদিত হয়।
Verb এর PP = Passive Adjective বসাতে হয়। অর্থাৎ, Verb টি তার পূর্বের Noun/ Pronoun এর উপর পতিত হয়।

তাই সঠিক simple sentence: I saw a boy playing in the field
১৮০.
The sun having set, they came back. This is a/an-
  1. ক) imperative sentence
  2. খ) complex sentence
  3. গ) compound sentence
  4. ঘ) simple sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) simple sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) simple sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
The sun having set - এর মধ্যে having set- Finite Verb নয়। তাই এখানে Clause আছে একটি (they came back)। আর যে বাক্যে কেবল একটি Clause থাকে, তাকে Simple Sentence বলে।
১৮১.
After the arriving of the guest, we left for the market. (Make it complex)
  1. ক) When the guest arrived, we left for the market.
  2. খ) After the guest had arrived, we left for the market.
  3. গ) Since the guest had arrived, we left for the market.
  4. ঘ) Both a + b
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Both a + b
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Both a + b
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর - Both a + b.

• Before/after/ ইত্যাদি যুক্ত simple sentence কে complex এ পরিণত করতে দুইটি নিয়ম অনুসরণ করা যায়।
- Sequence of tense এর নিয়মানুযায়ী যদি after যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense এ হয়, তবে পরের cluse টি past indefinite এ হবে।
- অর্থাৎ,
- প্রথমে After বসবে।
- এরপর subject + verb এর past perfect form বসে
- তারপর দ্বিতীয় subject + verb এর past form বসে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক complex sentence টি হচ্ছে - After the guest had arrived, we left for the market.

• আবার, 
- After এর পরিবর্তে when বসে, 
- verb এর past indefinite form বসে
- দ্বিতীয় subject + বাকি অংশ।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক complex sentence টি হচ্ছে - When the guest arrived, we left for the market.
১৮২.
If she teaches me to knit, I will make her a scarf. (Make it simple)
  1. Whether she teaches me to knit, I will make her a scarf.
  2. By teaching me to knit, I will make her a scarf.
  3. In case of her teaching me to knit, I will make her a scarf.
  4. Because of her teaching me to knit, I will make her a scarf.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In case of her teaching me to knit, I will make her a scarf.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In case of her teaching me to knit, I will make her a scarf.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex Sentence এ If থাকলে Simple Sentence এ সাধারণত by বসে।
- তবে সেটা তখনই যখন উভয় Clause এ Subject একই থাকে।
- Clause দুটিতে Subject ভিন্ন হলে in case of + Subject এর Possessive Form+ Verb + ing + Sub + বাকি clause টি।

• If she teaches me to knit, I will make her a scarf.  - এই বাক্যটিতে Clause দুটিতে Subject ভিন্ন (She & I)।
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - In case of her teaching me to knit, I will make her a scarf.
১৮৩.
As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away. (Simple)
  1. At the very moment seeing the police, he ran away.
  2. On seeing the police, he ran away.
  3. Seeing the police that he ran away.
  4. Both A + B
সঠিক উত্তর:
On seeing the police, he ran away.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
On seeing the police, he ran away.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Complex to simple,

• Complex Sentence এ ‍as soon as থাকলে
- Simple Sentence এ as soon as এর পরিবর্তে on/ at the very moment of (সাথে সাথেই) বসে।
- On + Verb + ing Or, At the very moment of + Verb + ing
- এরপর as soon as যুক্ত clause এর বাকি অংশ বসে।
- প্রথম subject টি দ্বিতীয় clause এর subject হিসাবে বসে, এবং দ্বিতীয় clause এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Complex: As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
Simple: At the very moment of seeing the police, he ran away.

Or 
Simple: On seeing the police, he ran away.

• উল্লেখ্য যে অপশনে 'At the very moment seeing the police, he ran away.' আছে, কিন্তু যদি এখানে এর পরিবর্তে 'At the very moment of seeing the police, he ran away.' থাকত তবে সঠিক উত্তর হতো দুটোই অর্থাৎ Both A + B
১৮৪.
Change into a simple sentence:
If you run fast, you will catch the bus.
  1. Running fast helps to catch the bus.
  2. Run fast and you will catch the bus.
  3. You run fast and you will catch the bus.
  4. Running fast, you will catch the bus.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Running fast, you will catch the bus.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Running fast, you will catch the bus.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct Answer: ক) Running fast, you will catch the bus.

- মূল বাক্য: “If you run fast, you will catch the bus.”
- এটি একটি complex sentence কারণ “if” দিয়ে শর্ত প্রকাশ করা হয়েছে।
- Simple sentence করতে হলে:
- শর্তের ভাব বজায় রেখে বাক্যকে একত্রে, সরল রূপে তৈরি করতে হবে।
- “Running fast” একটি phrase যা “if you run fast” এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহার করা যায়।

ঘ) Running fast, you will catch the bus.
→ এটি simple sentence যেখানে participle phrase ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।

Other options:
ক) Running fast helps to catch the bus.
→ অর্থ ভিন্ন, কারণ এখানে “helps” আছে।

খ) Run fast and you will catch the bus.
→ এটি compound sentence.

গ) You run fast and you will catch the bus.
→ Compound sentence, Simple sentence নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
১৮৫.
Parveen sold her hair and bought milk for her child. (make it simple) 
  1. Selling her hair, Parveen buy milk for her child.
  2. Having selling her hair, Parveen bought milk for her child.
  3. Selling her hair, Parveen bought milk for her child.
  4. Because of selling her hair, Parveen bought milk for her child.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Selling her hair, Parveen bought milk for her child.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Selling her hair, Parveen bought milk for her child.
ব্যাখ্যা

And যুক্ত Compound sentence এর উভয় অংশের subject যদি একই হয় এবং উভয় অংশে মূল verb থাকে তাহলে তা Simple sentence করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথম অংশের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হবে।
-  মূল verb এর পরের অংশ বসে। 
- and এর পরিবর্তে কমা (,) বসে।
- প্রথম অংশের কর্তা বসে এবং ২য় অংশের কর্তা থাকলে তা উঠে যাবে।
- ২য় অংশের বাকী অংশ বসে।

Compound sentence: He drew a package from his overcoat and threw it upon the table.
Simple sentence: Drawing a package from his overcoat, he threw it upon the table.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৮৬.
Shubhash not only told a lie but also tried to justify it. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) In spite of telling a lie, Shubhash also tried to justify it.
  2. খ) Besides telling a lie, he also tried to justify it.
  3. গ) With telling a lie, Shubhash also tried to justify it.
  4. ঘ) Besides telling a lie, Shubhash also tried to justify it.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Besides telling a lie, Shubhash also tried to justify it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Besides telling a lie, Shubhash also tried to justify it.
ব্যাখ্যা
not only ..... but also এর পরিবর্তে Simple Sentence এ besides বসে।
(খ) এবং (ঘ) উভয়টাতে besides থাকলেও (খ)-তে Shubhash – Noun টা নেই, তাই এটা ভুল।
তাই সঠিক উত্তর (ঘ)। 
১৮৭.
He had a secret desire so that he could marry the princess. (Simple)
  1. ক) He wanted to marry the princess for his secret desire.
  2. খ) He had a secret desire for marrying the princess.
  3. গ) He had a secret desire with a view to marrying the princess.
  4. ঘ) He had a secret desire to marry the princess.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) He had a secret desire to marry the princess.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) He had a secret desire to marry the princess.
ব্যাখ্যা
ক- প্রসঙ্গের সাথে মিল নেই।
খ- ভবিষ্যতে কোন কিছু করার উদ্দেশ্য বুঝালে for ব্যবহৃত হয় না।
গ- desire দিয়েই উদ্দেশ্য বুঝায়, তাই with a view to ব্যবহার শুদ্ধ হবে না।
ঘ- so that থাকলে to/ in order to+ verb এর base form বসে। তবে desire, wish ইত্যাদির পর in order to বসানো যাবে না, শুধু to বসবে।
১৮৮.
Transform the following complex sentence into a simple sentence:
Though she has a lot of experience, she failed the interview.
  1. In spite of she having experience, she failed the interview.
  2. In spite of she has a lot of experience, she failed the interview.
  3. In spite of her having a lot of experience, she failed the interview.
  4. In spite of his having a lot of experience, she failed the interview.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of her having a lot of experience, she failed the interview.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of her having a lot of experience, she failed the interview.
ব্যাখ্যা
Answer: In spite of her having a lot of experience, she failed the interview.

→ যদি Complex Sentence-এ "though" বা "although" থাকে, তাহলে Simple Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়:
- "though" বা "although"-এর জায়গায় "in spite of" বসবে।
- Subject-এর possessive form ব্যবহার করতে হবে (e.g., his, her, their)।
- am/is/are/was/were-এর জায়গায় being বসবে।
- has/have/had-এর জায়গায় having বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।

→ Transformation Rule অনুসারে Complex sentence: "Though she has a lot of experience, she failed the interview."
Simple sentence: "In spite of her having a lot of experience, she failed the interview."

Example:
Complex: Though he was tired, he continued working.
Simple: In spite of his being tired, he continued working.
১৮৯.
When it was daylight, the village looked peaceful and quiet. (Make it simple)
  1. At daylight the village was being looked peaceful and quiet.
  2. Being daylight the village looked peaceful and quiet.
  3. At daylight the village looked peaceful and quiet.
  4. Having daylight the village looked peaceful and quiet.
সঠিক উত্তর:
At daylight the village looked peaceful and quiet.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
At daylight the village looked peaceful and quiet.
ব্যাখ্যা
When যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence করার নিয়ম:
- When উঠে যায় এবং When এরপরের অংশে যে Subject ও Verb থাকে টা উঠে যায়। 
- ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/ in বসে।
- ঋতু বুঝালে তার পূর্বে in বসে।
- বয়স বুঝালে at the age of বসে।
- Comma (,) এর পরের অংশ বসবে।

Complex Sentence: When it was daylight, the village looked peaceful and quiet.
Simple Sentence: At daylight the village looked peaceful and quiet.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৯০.
A new supermarket is going to _____ next year.
  1. ক) build
  2. খ) be built
  3. গ) be building
  4. ঘ) building
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) be built
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) be built
ব্যাখ্যা
বাক্যটির অর্থ হলো - 'আগামী বছর একটি নতুন সুপারমার্কেট বানানো হতে যাচ্ছে'। infinitive-এর passive pattern হলো to be + v3. সুতরাং সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - A new supermarket is going to be built next year.
১৯১.
Run and die. (simple)
  1. If you do not run, you will die.
  2. If you run, you will die.
  3. Without running you will die.
  4. By running, you will die.
সঠিক উত্তর:
By running, you will die.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
By running, you will die.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Compound Sentence: Run and die. 
• Simple Sentence: By running, you will die.

- একটি simple sentence এ শুধু মাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject and একটি finite verb থাকে।
- and যুক্ত compound sentence কে by/without + verb +ing এই নিয়মে simple sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়। 

- প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্য, Run and die দ্বারা মূলত নড়লেই মারা পরবে এমন টা বুঝানো হয়েছে।
- তাই সঠিক simple sentence হবে - By running, you will die.

- তবে, Without running you will die. এই বাক্যটি সঠিক হবেনা কারণ তখন বাক্যের মূল অর্থ পরিবর্তন হয়ে যায়।
১৯২.
Seven years have passed since ______ his wife in a car accident.
  1. ক) he has lost
  2. খ) he lost
  3. গ) he had lost
  4. ঘ) he was lost
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) he lost
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) he lost
ব্যাখ্যা
since এর আগের অংশ যে কোনো Present Tense (এখানে Present Perfect) হলে, পরের অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হয়। তাই সঠিক উত্তর (খ)। 
আর since এর আগের অংশ Past Indefinite Tense হলে, পরের অংশ Past Perfect Tense হয়।
১৯৩.
'The grass was so wet that we couldn't sit on it.' Identify the correct simple form of the sentence from the following options:
  1. The grass was very wet for us to sit on.
  2. The grass was too wet for us to sit on.
  3. The grass was much wet for us to sit on.
  4. The grass was wet enough for us to sit on.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The grass was too wet for us to sit on.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The grass was too wet for us to sit on.
ব্যাখ্যা
• So……that যুক্ত complex sentence কে simple sentence করার নিয়ম:
- So এর পরিবর্তে too বসবে
- that এর আগে পর্যন্ত অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে
- that থেকে not পর্যন্ত অংশ উঠে যাবে
- to + বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Example: ‍
Complex: ‍Rabin is so sick that he cannot come.
Simple: Rabin is too weak to come.

• নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - The grass was too wet for us to sit on.
১৯৪.
They are strong but they have been defeated. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) In spite of their strength, they have been defeated.
  2. খ) Despite of their strength, they have been defeated.
  3. গ) Though their strength, they have been defeated.
  4. ঘ) Though of their strength, they have been defeated.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) In spite of their strength, they have been defeated.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) In spite of their strength, they have been defeated.
ব্যাখ্যা
But যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Simple sentence এ রূপান্তর: 
- শুরুতে in spite of/despite বসে।
- person অনুযায়ী possessive form যেমন: my/his/her বসে। 
- প্রথম clause এর adjective এর noun form + দ্বিতীয় clause ব্যবহার করা হয়।

Example:
Compound: They are strong but they have been defeated.
Simple: In spite of their strength, they have been defeated.
 
Compound: He is rich but he is unhappy. 
Simple: In spite of his riches he is unhappy.

Compound: He was ill, but he came for rehearsal.
Simple: In spite of his illness, he came for rehearsal
১৯৫.
Make it simple: When it was raining, Rahi woke up.
  1. It was raining then Rahi woke up.
  2. In the raining, Rahi woke up.
  3. It was raining, Rahi woke up.
  4. At the time of raining, Rahi woke up.
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the time of raining, Rahi woke up.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the time of raining, Rahi woke up.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex to simple: 

• When দ্বারা সময় না বুঝিয়ে কোন কাজ চলা বোঝালে তখন,
- প্রথমে At the time of বসে। 
- when যুক্ত অংশের -ing যুক্ত ক্রিয়াটি বসে। 
- বাকি অংশ বসে। 

Complex: When it was raining, Rahi woke up.
Simple: At the time of raining, Rahi woke up.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৯৬.
When Rajib went out, Rubel woke up. (make it simple)
  1. ক) After Rajib's going out, Rubel woke up.
  2. খ) Rajib went out and Rubel woke up.
  3. গ) Rubel woke up then Rajib went out.
  4. ঘ) After Rajib's wenting out, Rubel woke up.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) After Rajib's going out, Rubel woke up.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) After Rajib's going out, Rubel woke up.
ব্যাখ্যা
ভিন্ন ভিন্ন subject বিশিষ্ট clause এর মধ্যে conjunction যুক্ত clause টির subject pronoun বা ব্যক্তিবাচক noun হলে এগুলো possessive case এ পরিণত করতে হয় এবং এদের পূর্বে প্রয়োজন অনুযায়ী preposition বাসাতে হবে।
সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - After Rajib's going out, Rubel woke up.
১৯৭.
Make it complex: "Having mastered the art of calligraphy, she began creating beautifully crafted cards."
  1. She had mastered the art of calligraphy, she began creating beautifully crafted cards.
  2. She began creating beautifully crafted cards so she had to master the art of calligraphy.
  3. Therefore she mastered the art of calligraphy she began creating beautifully crafted cards..
  4. When she had mastered the art of calligraphy, she began creating beautifully crafted cards.
সঠিক উত্তর:
When she had mastered the art of calligraphy, she began creating beautifully crafted cards.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
When she had mastered the art of calligraphy, she began creating beautifully crafted cards.
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple Sentence to Complex Sentence:
- Simple Sentence এ Having + Verb এর past participle form যুক্ত থাকে।
- Complex Sentence করার ক্ষেত্রে Having এর পরিবর্তে When বসে। এরপরে, Subject + had + Verb এর past participle form + বাকী অংশ বসে।

Simple Sentence: Having mastered the art of calligraphy, she began creating beautifully crafted cards.
Complex Sentence: When she had mastered the art of calligraphy, she began creating beautifully crafted cards.

- এ বাক্যে প্রথমেই Having এর পরিবর্তে When বসেছে।
- তারপর Subject - she বসেছে।
- এরপর had + Verb এর past participle form - mastered বসেছে।
- বাকী অংশ অপরিবর্তিত রয়েছে।
 
More Examples:
Simple Sentence: Having studied computer programming, he launched his own software development company.
Complex Sentence: When he had studied computer programming, he launched his own software development company.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৯৮.
'I want a car that I can drive.' Find out simple form-
  1. ক) I want a car to drive.
  2. খ) I want a car for learning to drive.
  3. গ) I want having a car for driving.
  4. ঘ) I want a car for driving.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) I want a car to drive.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) I want a car to drive.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex sentence: I want a car that I can drive.
Simple Sentence: I want a car to drive.
১৯৯.
Identify the Simple sentence form of the following sentence:
She studied hard so that she might pass the exam.
  1. She studied hard to passed the exam.
  2. She studied hard and so pass the exam.
  3. She studied hard to pass the exam.
  4. She studied hard then pass the exam.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She studied hard to pass the exam.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She studied hard to pass the exam.
ব্যাখ্যা

Complex: She studied hard so that she might pass the exam.
Simple: She studied hard to pass the exam.

• So that যুক্ত complex কে simple করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম থেকে so এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে,
- so that থেকে many/might/can/could/ পর্যন্ত উঠে যায়,
- to বসে,
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Complex: He worked hard so that he could prosper.
Simple: He worked hard to prosper.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

২০০.
The baby girl found her mother absent and she began to cry. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) Finding her mother absent, the baby girl began to cry.
  2. খ) Finding her mother absent, she began to cry.
  3. গ) The baby girl found her mother absent biginning to cry. 
  4. ঘ) The baby girl found her mother absent to begin to cry.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Finding her mother absent, the baby girl began to cry.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Finding her mother absent, the baby girl began to cry.
ব্যাখ্যা
Compound থেকে Simple করতে হলে আগে দেখতে হবে Compound এর দুটি Clause এর মধ্যে সম্পর্ক কী রকম। নির্দিষ্ট সম্পর্ক অনুযায়ী, Compound থেকে Simple করতে হলে:
1. Compound এর Conjunction বাদ দিতে হবে; 
2. Simple এর Preposition যোগ করতে হবে;
3. ২টি Clause এর মধ্যে ১টি Clause যেভাবে আছে সেভাবে রেখে দিতে হবে।

এখানে উভয় Clause এর সম্পর্ক হচ্ছে সময়-কাজ। 
১টি Clause দিয়ে আরেকটি Clause এর সময় প্রকাশ করলে, কোনো Preposition যোগ না করে শুধু Verb+ing দিয়ে সময় বুঝানো যায়। 
এ হিসেবে সঠিক উত্তর ক।