বিষয়সমূহ

PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন

Simple Sentence

মোট প্রশ্ন৪৫৭এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Simple Sentence

PrepBank · পাতা / · ১০০ / ৪৫৭

.
Change the sentence into a Simple Sentence:
Since the sun was too hot, people stayed indoors.
  1. The sun was too hot, people stayed indoors.
  2. People stayed indoors because the sun was too hot.
  3. The sun being too hot, people stayed indoors.
  4. The sun was too hot, so people stayed indoors.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The sun being too hot, people stayed indoors.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The sun being too hot, people stayed indoors.
ব্যাখ্যা

দুটি clause এর subject ভিন্ন হলে এবং প্রথম clause টিতে am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ has/ have/ had থাকলে নিয়মটি হলো:
- Since/ as/ when সর্বদা উঠে যায়।
- প্রথম Clause এ am/ is/ was/ were/ এর পরিবর্তে being বসে বা has/ have/ had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে। তাছাড়া প্রথম clause টির আর পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- ২য় clause টি বসে।

Complex Sentence: Since the sun was too hot, people stayed indoors.
Simple sentence: The sun being too hot, people stayed indoors.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

.
It is certain that he will win the prize. (Simple)
  1. He will win the prize, that is certain.
  2. Certainly, he will win the prize.
  3. He will win the prize to be certain.
  4. Certainly that he will win the prize.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Certainly, he will win the prize.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Certainly, he will win the prize.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex sentence এ it is certain, it is surely, it is sudden থাকলে Simple sentence এ
- it is certain এর পরিবর্তে certainly হবে + এর পরের relative pronoun টি বাদ যাবে + বাকি sentence টি বসবে।

Complex: It is certain that he will win the prize.
Simple: Certainly, he will win the prize.

• অন্য দিকে, 
- it is certain এর পরিবর্তে certainly হবে,
- it is sudden এর পরিবর্তে suddenly হবে,
- it is surely এর পরিবর্তে surelyহবে।

যেমন:
Complex: It is certain that he will come here.
Simple: Certainly, he will come here.

Complex: It was sudden that he lost his mobile.
Simple: Suddenly, he lost his mobile.

Complex: It is sure that Riva has done it.
Simple: Surely, Riva has done it.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
.
Change the following sentence into a simple sentence: When it is autumn, the leaves fall gracefully from the trees.
  1. At the age of Autumn the leaves fall gracefully from the trees.
  2. It is Autumn while the leaves fall gracefully from the trees.
  3. It is Autumn the leaves fall gracefully from the trees.
  4. In Autumn the leaves fall gracefully from the trees.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In Autumn the leaves fall gracefully from the trees.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In Autumn the leaves fall gracefully from the trees.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ When যুক্ত সময় নির্দেশক Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 

- When clause এ ছোট সময়/ বয়স/ ঋতুর উল্লেখ থাকলে, 
1) When উঠে যায় +
2) When এর পরে যে Subject ও Verb থাকে তা উঠে যায় +
3) ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/in বসে, ঋতু থাকলে তার পূর্বে in বসে, বয়সের উল্লেখ থাকলে তার পূর্বে at the age of বসে + 
4) পরবর্তী clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকে। 

Complex Sentence: When it is autumn, the leaves fall gracefully from the trees.
Simple Sentence: In Autumn the leaves fall gracefully from the trees.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
.
He went out and I woke up. (Make it simple)
  1. After his going out, I woke up.
  2. At the time of his going out, I woke up.
  3. After he had gone out, I woke up.
  4. I woke up by his going out.
সঠিক উত্তর:
After his going out, I woke up.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
After his going out, I woke up.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Compound to Simple: 
- And দিয়ে সাধারণত কারণ-ফলাফল, শর্ত-ফলাফল, সময়ের পর্যায়ক্রম অনুযায়ী ১ম কাজ - ২য় কাজ অথবা (প্রথম Clause টি Continuous Tense হলে) একটি কাজ সংঘটিত হওয়ার সময়ে আরেকটি কাজ সংঘটিত হওয়া ‍বুঝায়। 
- এক্ষেত্রে Preposition হিসেবে after ব্যবহৃত হবে। 
- ১ম ও ২য় Clause এর subject ভিন্ন ভিন্ন হলে ‍after এর পর Subject এর Possessive Form বসবে।
– এর পর verb+ing বসবে। 

Compound: He went out and I woke up.
Simple: After his going out, I woke up. 

.
When I was twenty, I started my first job.(Change into a simple sentence)
  1. In the age of twenty, I started my first job.
  2. When at the age of twenty, I started my first job.
  3. At the age of twenty, I started my first job.
  4. When In the age of twenty, I started my first job.
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the age of twenty, I started my first job.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the age of twenty, I started my first job.
ব্যাখ্যা

Complex: When I was twenty, I started my first job.
Simple: At the age of twenty, I started my first job.

• When যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence করার নিয়ম:
- When উঠে যায় এবং when এরপরের অংশে যে Subject ও Verb থাকে টা উঠে যায়। 
- ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/ in বসে।
- ঋতু বুঝালে তার পূর্বে in বসে।
- বয়স বুঝালে at the age of বসে।
- Comma (,) এরপরের অংশ বসবে।

• Other examples:
- Complex: When it is evening, the birds return to their nests.
- Simple: In the evening, the birds return to their nests.
- Complex: When it was winter, we went on a picnic.
- Simple: In winter, we went on a picnic.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

.
Change it into a simple sentence:
Cross that line and face the music.
  1. Cross that line, you will face the music.
  2. As cross that line, you will face the music.
  3. If you cross that line, you will face the music.
  4. By crossing that line, you will face the music.
সঠিক উত্তর:
By crossing that line, you will face the music.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
By crossing that line, you will face the music.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Compound Sentence: Cross that line and face the music.
• Simple Sentence: By crossing that line you will face the music.

• Compound to Simple:
- শর্ত সাপেক্ষে অর্থে 'and' যুক্ত compound sentence কে By + verb +ing যোগ করে simple sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়। 
- প্রথমে By + verb +ing, + বাকি অংশ।
- and উঠে গিয়ে subject (you) + দ্বিতীয় clause বসে।

• More examples:
- Compound Sentence: Break the rules and face the consequences.
- Simple Sentence: By breaking the rules, you will face the consequences.
.
He behaved smartly but he was punished. (make it simple)
  1. Having behaving smartly, he was punished.
  2. In spite of behaving smartly, he was punished.
  3. Without behaving smartly, he was punished.
  4. Behaving smartly, he was punished.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of behaving smartly, he was punished.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of behaving smartly, he was punished.
ব্যাখ্যা

but যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Simple sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে In spite of বসে।
- প্রথম sentence এর am/ is/ are/ was/ were এর পরিবর্তে being বসে বা have/ has/ had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে বা প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হবে।
- but এর পরিবর্তে comma (,) বসে।
- ২য় senetnce টি বসে।

Compound Sentence: He behaved rough but he was not punished.
Simple Sentence: In spite of behaving smartly, he was punished.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

.
They saved money so that they could buy a house. (Simple)
  1. They saved money to buy a house.
  2. It is certain that they saved money to buy a house.
  3. They saved money to buy house.
  4. They saved money than to buy a house.
সঠিক উত্তর:
They saved money to buy a house.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
They saved money to buy a house.
ব্যাখ্যা
• So that যুক্ত complex কে simple করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম থেকে so এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে,
- so that থেকে many/might/can/could/ পর্যন্ত উঠে যায়,
- to বসে,
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Complex: He worked hard so that he could thrive.
Simple: He worked hard to thrive.

Complex: They saved money so that they could buy a house.
Simple: They saved money to buy a house.

Source: Advanced Learners by Chowdhury & Hossain.
.
The student who is hardworking passed the test. (Simple)
  1. Hardworking student passed the test.
  2. A hardworking student passed the test.
  3. The student hardworking passed the test.
  4. A student of hardworking passed the test.
সঠিক উত্তর:
A hardworking student passed the test.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
A hardworking student passed the test.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - খ) A hardworking student passed the test.

• Subject + relative pronoun (who/which / that) + adjective যুক্ত complex sentence কে simple sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
(i) প্রথমে the-এর পরিবর্তে a / an বসে +
(ii) relative pronoun এর পরের adjective টি বসে +
(ii) প্রদত্ত subject টি বসে +
(iv) প্রদত্ত sentence-এর adjective-এর পরের অংশটি বসে।

• Example:
Complex: The student who is hardworking passed the test.
Simple: A hardworking student passed the test.

• More example:
Complex: The girl who is meritorious can make a good result.
Simple: A meritorious girl can make a good result.

Complex: The boy who is industrious can shine in life.
Simple: An industrious boy can shine in life.
ব্যাখ্যাঃ নিয়ম অনুযায়ী article an বসেছে প্রদত্ত adjective industrious বসেছে+ subject boy বসেছে + can থেকে life পর্যন্ত বসেছে।

Other options
ক) Hardworking student passed the test.
এখানে article ("a" বা "the") দরকার।

গ) The student hardworking passed the test.
adjective + noun এর মধ্যে word order ভুল।

ঘ) A student of hardworking passed the test.
"of hardworking" ভুল phrase। তাই বাক্যটি ভুল।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
১০.
‘Elaine is a girl who is good.’ (Simple)
  1. ক) Elaine is not a bad girl.
  2. খ) Elaine has been a good girl.
  3. গ) Elaine is a good girl.
  4. ঘ) Elaine is not an ugly girl.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Elaine is a good girl.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Elaine is a good girl.
ব্যাখ্যা
Relative pronoun এর পর be verb + adjective থাকলে simple করার জন্য adjective টি relative pronoun এর ঠিক পূর্বের noun এর পূর্বে বসাতে হয়।
১১.
Transform it into a simple sentence:
After he had finished the work, he went to bed.
  1. He finished the work and went to bed.
  2. Having finished the work, he went to bed.
  3. As he finished the work, he went to bed.
  4. He was tired after the work.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Having finished the work, he went to bed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Having finished the work, he went to bed.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) Having finished the work, he went to bed.

• After he had finished the work, he went to bed.
- মূল বাক্যটি একটি complex sentence, কারণ এতে "After he had finished..." একটি সময়সূচক subordinate clause রয়েছে।
- এবং একটি independent clause ' he went to bed.' আছে।

- Simple sentence এ একটি main বা independent clause থাকে।
- এবং main clause কে সাহায্যকারী বা phrase থাকে।
- অথবা একটি sentence থাকে।
- এটিকে simple sentence এ রূপান্তর করতে গেলে ব্যবহার করতে হয় participle phrase.
→ “Having finished the work” = কাজ শেষ করে সে শুয়ে পড়ল।
- 'he went to bed.' অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
- Simple Sentence: Having finished the work, he went to bed.

• Other options:
ক) He finished the work and went to bed. → This is a compound sentence (two main clauses with “and”).

গ) As he finished the work, he went to bed. → This is a complex sentence (with "as").

ঘ) He was tired after the work. → This changes the meaning and is not equivalent to the original.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১২.
I know what your problem is. [Simple]
  1. I know about your problem.
  2. I know the problem what you have.
  3. I know your problem.
  4. I know you have a problem.
সঠিক উত্তর:
I know your problem.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I know your problem.
ব্যাখ্যা

• What যুক্ত Complex sentence কে simple করার নিয়ম
- Subject বসে।
- Verb বসে।
- What উঠে যায়।
- প্রদত্ত possessive টি বসে।
- possessive এর পরে noun বসে।

Complex: I know what his name is.
Simple: I know his name.

Complex: I know what your problem is.
Simple: I know your problem.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৩.
If you do not follow the rules, you may face punishment. (make it simple)
  1. Following the rules, you may face punishment.
  2. Without following the rules, you may face punishment.
  3. You may face punishment when you not follow the rules.
  4. Because of follow the rules, you may face punishment.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without following the rules, you may face punishment.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without following the rules, you may face punishment.
ব্যাখ্যা

• If দ্বারা গঠিত শর্তমূলক না বোধক complex sentence কে simple করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে without বসে+ ‘if’ clause এর মূল verb এর present form এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়।
- verb এর পরের অংশ বসে।
- তারপর দ্বিতীয় clause টি বসে।

• Complex sentence: If you do not follow the rules, you may face punishment.
• Simple sentence: Without following the rules, you may face punishment.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৪.
The marriage ceremony was over and the guests were all going to the feast. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) The marriage ceremony was over, the guests were all going to the feast.
  2. খ) The marriage ceremony was being over, the guests were all going to the feast.
  3. গ) The marriage ceremony being over, the guests were all going to the feast.
  4. ঘ) The marriage ceremony were over, the guests were all going to the feast.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) The marriage ceremony being over, the guests were all going to the feast.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) The marriage ceremony being over, the guests were all going to the feast.
ব্যাখ্যা

Compound:- The marriage ceremony was over and the guests were all going to the feast.
Simple:- The marriage ceremony being over, the guests were all going to the feast.
সমাধানঃ প্রদত্ত Sentence টির clause দুটির Subject ভিন্ন এবং প্রথম clause টিতে শুধুমাত্র be verb ''as'' বসেছে, তাই নিয়ম অনুযায়ী প্রথম clause এর be verb ''was'' এর জায়গায় being বসানাে হয়েছে। তাছাড়া প্রথম clause এর আর কোন পরিবর্তন হয়নি + and এর জায়গায় comma বসানাে হয়েছে + দ্বিতীয় clause টি অর্থাৎ the guests were all going to the feast বসানাে হয়েছে ।

১৫.
Make the following sentence into a complex sentence:
"Because of their playing well, they won the game."
  1. Since they play well, they won the game.
  2. Though they played well, they won the game.
  3. Since they played well, they won the game. 
  4. They played well so that they won the game.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since they played well, they won the game. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since they played well, they won the game. 
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: গ) Since they played well, they won the game.

• Because of যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Complex Sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- “Because of” সাধারণত noun phrase বা gerund নিয়ে শুরু হয়।
- “Because of” সরিয়ে Since বসাতে হয়।
- তারপরে subject + verb বসাতে হয়।
- বাক্যের শেষে comma দিয়ে মূল clause বসাতে হয়।
Structure: Since + subject + verb + (adjective/noun/phrase), + main clause.

Given Sentence (Simple): "Because of their playing well, they won the game."
Correct Complex Form: Since they played well, they won the game.
 
Other Options:
ক) Since they play well, they won the game.
- Tense mismatch: “play” (present) + “won” (past)। Tense mismatch-এর কারণে এটি সঠিক নয়।
খ) Though they played well, they won the game.
- “Though” ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে → contrast বোঝায়, কিন্তু here it’s a reason/cause. তাই সঠিক নয়।
ঘ) They played well so that they won the game.
- “so that” ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে → এটি purpose বোঝায়, কিন্তু original meaning শুধু কারণ বোঝাচ্ছে। তাই সঠিক নয়।

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English by Chowdhury and Hossain.

১৬.
The simple form of the sentence:
He didn't pass the interview although he had experience.
  1. Despite of him having experience, he didn't pass the interview.
  2. As he having experience, he didn't pass the interview.
  3. In spite of his having experience, he didn't pass the interview.
  4. In spite of his being experience, he didn't pass the interview.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his having experience, he didn't pass the interview.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his having experience, he didn't pass the interview.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Complex Sentence: He didn't pass the interview although he had experience.
- Simple Sentence: In spite of his having experience, he didn't pass the interview.

• Though/ Although Clause- এ has/ have/ had থাকলে সে ক্ষেত্রে Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/ Inspite of বসে।
- Subject অনুসারে এর Possessive form বসে।
- has/ have/ had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসবে।

• More examples:
- Complex Sentence: She came to the class although she was sick.
- Simple Sentence: In spite of her being sick, she came to the class.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৭.
When he was four, he left his village. (make it simple)
  1. At four, he left his village.
  2. In four, he left his village.
  3. When he was age four, he left his village.
  4. At the age of four, he left his village.
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the age of four, he left his village.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the age of four, he left his village.
ব্যাখ্যা

• When যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence করার নিয়ম:
- When উঠে যায় এবং when এরপরের অংশে যে Subject ও Verb থাকে টা উঠে যায়। 
- ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/ in বসে।
- ঋতু বুঝালে তার পূর্বে in বসে।
- বয়স বুঝালে at the age of বসে।
- Comma (,) এরপরের অংশ বসবে।

• Complex Sentence: When he was four, he left his village.
• Simple Sentence: At the age of four, he left his village.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৮.
Though she has many responsibilities, she manages her time well. (make it simple) 
  1. In spite of her having many responsibilities, she manages her time well.
  2. In spite her having many responsibilities, she manages her time well.
  3. In spite of her many responsibilities, she manages time well.
  4. Despite of her having many responsibilities, she manages her time well.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of her having many responsibilities, she manages her time well.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of her having many responsibilities, she manages her time well.
ব্যাখ্যা

Though/ Although Clause এ has/ have/ had থাকলে সে ক্ষেত্রে Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/ In Spite of বসে।
- Subject অনুসারে এর Possessive form বসে।
- has/ have/ had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসবে।

• Complex Sentence: Though she has many responsibilities, she manages her time well.
• Simple Sentence: In spite of her having many responsibilities, she manages her time well.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৯.
A rolling stone gathers no moss. - Which type of sentence is this?
  1. Simple
  2. Complex
  3. Compound
  4. None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর:
Simple
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Simple
ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর: ক) Simple.

• 'A rolling stone gathers no moss.' This sentence is a- Simple sentence.

• Simple sentence:
- A simple sentence consists of a single independent clause that expresses a complete thought.
- একটি simple sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে।
- যেমন: The sun shines brightly in the sky.

• এটি একটি simple sentence, কারণ এতে একটি independent clause আছে এবং একটি subject (“A rolling stone”) ও predicate (“gathers no moss”) রয়েছে।
বাক্যে কোনো dependent clause বা multiple independent clause নেই, তাই এটি complex বা compound sentence নয়।

অন্যদিকে,
• Complex sentence:
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে।
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

• Compound sentence:
- এ ধরনের বাক্যে একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and, either --- or, neither ---- nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।

Source: A Passage To The English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.

২০.
Though he got the news, he was not happy. (make it simple)
  1. Despite of being getting the news he was not happy.
  2. In spite of being get the news, he was not happy.
  3. Despite of getting the news, he was not happy.
  4. In spite of getting the news, he was not happy.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of getting the news, he was not happy.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of getting the news, he was not happy.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Though/Although যুক্ত Complex sentence কে simple form এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Though/Although এর স্থানে In spite of ব্যবহার হবে + subject এর possessive form + am/is/are/was/were এর স্থানে being অথবা has/have/had এর স্থানে having অথবা verb+ ing ব্যবহার হবে + বাকি অংশ + ২য় clause.

Example:
Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
Simple: In spite of his being poor, he is honest
Complex: Though he got the news, he was not happy.
Simple: In spite of getting the news he was not happy.

Source: Source: Applied English Grammar and composition, P.C. DAS
২১.
It is certain that she will prevail. (Make it simple)
  1. Certainly, she will prevail.
  2. She will be prevailful is certain.
  3. She would prevail, certainly.
  4. Her being prevailful is certain.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Certainly, she will prevail.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Certainly, she will prevail.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex: It is certain that she will prevail.
Simple: Certainly she will prevail.

• Complex sentence এ it is certain, it is surely, it is sudden থাকলে Simple sentence এ -
- It is certain এর পরিবর্তে certainly হবে + এর পরের relative pronoun টি বাদ যাবে + বাকি sentence টি বসবে।
• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক উত্তর - Certainly, she will prevail.

• অন্য দিকে, 
- it is sure এর পরিবর্তে surely হবে
- it is sudden এর পরিবর্তে suddenly হবে.

যেমন:
Complex: It is certain that he will come here.
Simple: Certainly, he will come here.

Complex: It was sudden that he lost his mobile.
Simple: Suddenly, he lost his mobile.

Complex: It is sure that he has done it.
Simple: Surely, he has done it.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
২২.
It is beyond doubt that Macbeth was a great warrior. The simple form of the sentence is –
  1. ক) It is beyond doubt of Macbeth having a great warrior.
  2. খ) There is no doubt that Macbeth was a great warrior.
  3. গ) There is no doubt about that Macbeth was a great warrior.
  4. ঘ) Undoubtedly Macbeth was a great Warrior.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Undoubtedly Macbeth was a great Warrior.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Undoubtedly Macbeth was a great Warrior.
ব্যাখ্যা
(খ) এবং (গ) Complex sentence, আর (ক) Sipmle হলেও Structure এবং অর্থ অনুযায়ী সঠিক হয় না। 
Simple Sentence হিসেবে কেবল (ঘ) সঠিক। 
২৩.
Had I read the textbook properly, I would not have failed. (make it simple)
  1. ক) In case of having read the textbook properly, I would not have failed.
  2. খ) By having read the textbook properly, I would not have failed.
  3. গ) By reading the textbook properly, I would not have failed.
  4. ঘ) Without reading the textbook properly, I would not have failed.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) In case of having read the textbook properly, I would not have failed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) In case of having read the textbook properly, I would not have failed.
ব্যাখ্যা

Had I read মূলত If I had read ছিল। If কে এখানে উহ্য রাখা হয়েছে।
If যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Simple করার সময় If Clause – Affirmative হলে by/ in case of + Verb + ing বসে।
কিন্তু অন্য Clause- If Clause এর Positive ফলাফল না হলে অর্থাৎ If Clause এর মাধ্যমে অন্য Clause এর কাজটি সম্পাদিত না হলে, by বসালে অর্থ সঙ্গতিপূর্ণ হয় না। তাই এখানে কেবল in case of বসানো যাবে। তাই সঠিক উত্তর (গ)।

২৪.
I know why he comes here. (make it simple)
  1. why he comes here is known by me.
  2. I know the purpose of his coming.
  3. I know, why he comes here.
  4. I know he comes here.
সঠিক উত্তর:
I know the purpose of his coming.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I know the purpose of his coming.
ব্যাখ্যা

Complex থেকে Simple করতে হলে -
১. Complex এর conjunction বাদ দিতে হবে।
২. Simple এর preposition যোগ করতে হবে।
৩. ২ টি clause এর মধ্যে একটি (সাধারণত conjunction বিহীন) অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
Complex : I know why he comes here. = আমি জানি কী জন্য সে এখানে আসে।|
Simple : I know the reason/purpose of his coming. = আমি তার আসার কারণ/ উদ্দেশ্য জানি।

২৫.
Change the sentence.
Having done this, he went away. (Complex Sentence)
  1. When he had done this he went away.
  2. He went away so he had done this.
  3. He went away doing this.
  4. Therefore he done this he went away.
সঠিক উত্তর:
When he had done this he went away.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
When he had done this he went away.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple Sentence to Complex Sentence: (Having + Verb এর past participle form যুক্ত)
• Structure: Having এর পরিবর্তে When বসে + Subject + had + Verb এর past participle form + বাকী অংশ।

- Simple: Having done this, he went away.
- Complex: When he had done this he went away.
- এ বাক্যে প্রথমেই Having এর পরিবর্তে When বসেছে।
- তারপর Subject - he বসেছে।
- এরপর had + Verb এর past participle form - done বসেছে।
- বাকী অংশ অপরিবর্তিত রয়েছে।

• এ জাতীয় আরোও একটি উদাহরণ - 
- Simple: Having told this, he went away.
- Complex: When he had told he went away.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammer & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
২৬.
Mr. Mehadi invested a lot so that he could make his business a success. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) Mr. Mehadi invested a lot to success his business.
  2. খ) Mr. Mehadi invested a lot to succeed his business.
  3. গ) Mr. Mehadi invested a lot in order to make his business a success.
  4. ঘ) Mr. Mehadi invested a lot in order that make his business a success.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Mr. Mehadi invested a lot in order to make his business a success.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Mr. Mehadi invested a lot in order to make his business a success.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence এ ‍so that/ in order that থাকলে Simple করতে হলে to/ in order to + verb এর Base Form বসে।
সে হিসেবে Mr. Mehadi invested a lot in order to make his business a success. সঠিক।
২৭.
As soon as the teacher entered the classroom, the students stopped gossiping. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) No sooner had the teacher entered the classroom than the students stopped gossiping.
  2. খ) At the very moment of the teacher’s entering the classroom, the students stopped gossiping.
  3. গ) On the teacher’s entering the classroom when the students stopped gossiping.
  4. ঘ) The teacher entered the classroom at the time of stopping gossip of the student.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) At the very moment of the teacher’s entering the classroom, the students stopped gossiping.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) At the very moment of the teacher’s entering the classroom, the students stopped gossiping.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence এ As soon as থাকলে Simple Sentence এ on/ at the very moment of + verb+ing বসে।
এ হিসেবে (খ) এবং (গ) অপশনকে বিবেচনায় রাখা যায়।
কিন্তু (গ)-তে আবার when – Conjunction ব্যবহার করার কারণে বাক্যটি ভুল হয়েছে।

তাই একমাত্র সঠিক উত্তর (খ)
২৮.
In 1901, the first Nobel Prizes were awarded. (Make it complex)
  1. It was in the year 1901 since the first Nobel Prizes were awarded.
  2. When it was 1901, the first Nobel Prizes were awarded.
  3. It was in the year 1901 while the first Nobel Prizes were awarded.
  4. While it was 1901, the first Nobel Prizes were awarded.
সঠিক উত্তর:
When it was 1901, the first Nobel Prizes were awarded.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
When it was 1901, the first Nobel Prizes were awarded.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple Sentence এ ‘In/At the the time of/on/at/ at the very moment’ থাকলে Complex Sentence এ When বসে।
- When দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে উভয় Clause কে আলাদা করার জন্য কেবল Comma বসে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক উত্তর - When it was 1901, the first Nobel Prizes were awarded. 

• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
২৯.
They are so poor that they cannot buy food. (Simple)
  1. ক) They are poor to buy food.
  2. খ) They are poor for buying food.
  3. গ) They are too poor to buy food.
  4. ঘ) They are poor enough to buy food.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) They are too poor to buy food.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) They are too poor to buy food.
ব্যাখ্যা
so …… that থাকলে too …… to হয়।
৩০.
He is _______ weak to move?
  1. ক) very
  2. খ) quiet
  3. গ) quite
  4. ঘ) too
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) too
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) too
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে - too.
- Complete sentence: He is too weak to move?

• Too…..to এই গঠন ব্যবহার হয় 'এতই যে ...... না' অর্থ প্রদান করার জন্য।
- এখানে too weak ব্যবহারে ‘ভীষন অসুস্থ’ এই অর্থ প্রকাশ পাচ্ছে।

যেমন:
- He is too weak to walk.
- English language is not too difficult to understand.
- The weather is too cold for them to go out.
- Don't worry. English Grammar is not too difficult to understand.
৩১.
Saima will go to the theatre and watch the play. (Make it Simple)
  1. Going to the theatre, Saima will watch the play.
  2. Inspite of going to the theatre, Saima will watch the play.
  3. Watching the play, Saima will go to the theatre.
  4. After going to the theatre, Saima will watch the play.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Going to the theatre, Saima will watch the play.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Going to the theatre, Saima will watch the play.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Compound sentence কে Simple sentence এ পরিবর্তন করার জন্য - 
- Compound এ and দ্বারা দুটি কাজ যুক্ত থাকলে simple এর শুরুতে প্রথম কাজটির verb + ing হয়।
- প্রথমে Verb এর Present form এর সাথে “ing” যোগ করে প্রথম Clause টিকে সংক্ষিপ্ত করা হয়।
- verb এর পরের অংশ বসে,
- and এর পরিবর্তে কমা বসে
- দ্বিতীয় verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে। 

• Structure অনুযায়ী Going to the theatre, Saima will watch the play হচ্ছে সঠিক উত্তর।

Source: Advanced Learner's Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩২.
Change it into simple: It is sure that Rihan has made it.
  1. Rihan had made it sure.
  2. Surely, Rihan has made it.
  3. Rihan has made it for sure.
  4. Sure is that Rihan has made it.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Surely, Rihan has made it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Surely, Rihan has made it.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Complex to simple: 

• Complex sentence এ it is certain, it is surely, it is sudden থাকলে Simple sentence এ
- it is surely এর পরিবর্তে surely হবে + এর পরের relative pronoun টি বাদ যাবে + বাকি sentence টি বসবে।

Complex: It is sure that Rihan has made it.
Simple: Surely, Rihan has made it.

• অন্য দিকে, 
- it is certain এর পরিবর্তে certainly হবে
- it is sudden এর পরিবর্তে suddenly হবে.

যেমন:
Complex: It is certain that he will come here.
Simple: Certainly, he will come here.

Complex: It was sudden that he lost his mobile.
Simple: Suddenly, he lost his mobile.
৩৩.
He opened the window and let in the fresh air. (make it simple)
  1. Opening the window, he let in the fresh air.
  2. Open the window, he letting in the fresh air.
  3. Having open the window, he let in the fresh air.
  4. Because of open the window, he let in the fresh air.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Opening the window, he let in the fresh air.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Opening the window, he let in the fresh air.
ব্যাখ্যা
And যুক্ত Compound sentence এর উভয় অংশের Subject যদি একই হয় এবং উভয় অংশে মূল Verb থাকে তাহলে তা Simple sentence করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথম অংশের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হবে।
-  মূল verb এর পরের অংশ বসে।
- and এর পরিবর্তে কমা (,) বসে।
- প্রথম অংশের কর্তা বসে এবং ২য় অংশের কর্তা থাকলে তা উঠে যাবে।
- ২য় অংশের বাকী অংশ বসে।

Compound sentence: He opened the window and let in the fresh air.
Simple Sentence: Opening the window, he let in the fresh air.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৪.
Make it into a simple sentence:
Move or die.
  1. If you do not move, you would die.
  2. Without moving, you will die.
  3. You move, you will die.
  4. Move so to die.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without moving, you will die.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without moving, you will die.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Compound to Simple:

• একটি simple sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে।

Or যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple করার সাধারণ নিয়ম:
without + verb + ing + sub + extension.

Compound: move or die.
Simple: Without moving, you will die.

৩৫.
Move or die. (Simple)
  1. In case of your failure to move, you will die
  2. You move, you will die.
  3. If you move, you will die.
  4. Move and die.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In case of your failure to move, you will die
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In case of your failure to move, you will die
ব্যাখ্যা
• একটি simple sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে।

• এখানে অর্থের উপর ভিত্তি করে sentence টি কে simple করা হয়েছে।
• Move or die.
- সরো না হয় মরো।
• In case of your failure to move, you will die.
- সরতে ব্যর্থ হলে, তুমি মারা যাবে।

Or যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple করার সাধারণ নিয়ম:
without + verb + ing + sub + extension.
Example- Compound: move or die.
Simple: Without moving you will die.
৩৬.
As I had forgotten him I went out. (Make it simple)
  1. Forgetting him, I went out.
  2. Having forgotten him, I went out.
  3. Being forgetting him, I went out.
  4. Both ক + খ
সঠিক উত্তর:
Both ক + খ
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Both ক + খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex: As I had forgotten him I went out. 
• Simple: Forgetting him, I went out or Having forgotten him, I went out.
- সুতরাং, সঠিক উত্তর হবে - Both ক + খ। 

• যখন As বা Since যুক্ত complex sentence-এর দুটি clause এর subject একই হয়, তখন present participle (V-ing) বা perfect participle (Having + past participle) ব্যবহার করে simple sentence তৈরি করা যায়। 
- সেক্ষেত্রে, First clause-এর verb-এর present participle (V-ing) বা perfect participle (Having + past participle) ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- Second clause-এর subject বাদ দিয়ে verb ব্যবহার করতে হবে, কারণ দুটি clause-এর subject একই।
- As বা Since-এর মানে "যেহেতু" বা "কারণ", সুতরাং, প্রথম clause-এ বলা action বা condition reason হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Example: As he had finished his homework, he played outside.
Simple Sentence:
Having finished his homework, he played outside.
Finishing his homework, he played outside.
৩৭.
When he went out, I woke up. (make it simple)
  1. ক) He went, I woke up.
  2. খ) After his going out, I woke up.
  3. গ) I woke up after his went.
  4. ঘ) I woke up when he gone.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) After his going out, I woke up.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) After his going out, I woke up.
ব্যাখ্যা
ভিন্ন ভিন্ন subject বিশিষ্ট (এখানে he এবং I) clause এর মধ্যে conjunction যুক্ত clause টির subject pronoun বা ব্যক্তিবাচক noun হলে (এখানে pronoun ‘he’) এগুলো possessive case এ পরিণত করতে হয় এবং এদের পূর্বে প্রয়োজন অনুযায়ী preposition বাসাতে হবে।

সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - After his going out, I woke up.
৩৮.
The coffee is so hot that I cannot drink it. (Make it Simple.)
  1. The coffee is too hot for me to drink.
  2. The coffee is too hot to drink.
  3. The coffee is too hot to drink it.
  4. The coffee is so hot for me to drink it.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The coffee is too hot for me to drink.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The coffee is too hot for me to drink.
ব্যাখ্যা
• So + adjective + that যুক্ত বাক্যের দুইটি clause এ ভিন্ন ভিন্ন subject থাকলে, simple করার সময় নিম্নোক্ত structure প্রযোজ্য হয় -
- প্রথমে Subject বসে + auxiliary verb বসে।
-  এরপর too +adjective + for + object ( that এর পরের Word টির object)বসে।
- এরপরে infinitive বসে এবং তারপরে আর object হবেনা.

- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - The Coffee is too hot for me to drink.
৩৯.
It is sure that Riva has done it. (Simple)
  1. Sure is that Riva has done it.
  2. Riva has done it sure.
  3. It is surely Riva has done it.
  4. Surely, Riva has done it.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Surely, Riva has done it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Surely, Riva has done it.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Complex to simple: 

• Complex sentence এ it is certain, it is surely, it is sudden থাকলে Simple sentence এ
- it is surely এর পরিবর্তে surely হবে + এর পরের relative pronoun টি বাদ যাবে + বাকি sentence টি বসবে।

Complex: It is sure that Riva has done it.
Simple: Surely, Riva has done it.

• অন্য দিকে, 
- it is certain এর পরিবর্তে certainly হবে
- it is sudden এর পরিবর্তে suddenly হবে.

যেমন:
Complex: It is certain that he will come here.
Simple: Certainly, he will come here.

Complex: It was sudden that he lost his mobile.
Simple: Suddenly, he lost his mobile.

Source: Advance Learner's English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪০.
In case of their not finishing the project by the deadline, they will face consequences. (Make it complex)
  1. If they did not finish the project by the deadline, they will face consequences.
  2. If they will not finish the project by the deadline, they will face consequences.
  3. Unless they finish the project by the deadline, they will be face consequences.
  4. If they do not finish the project by the deadline, they will face consequences.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If they do not finish the project by the deadline, they will face consequences.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If they do not finish the project by the deadline, they will face consequences.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple: In case of their not finishing the project by the deadline, they will face consequences. 
• Complex: If they do not finish the project by the deadline, they will face consequences.

By/ In case of যুক্ত simple sentence টি যদি Modal auxiliary যোগে গঠিত হয়, তবে তা complex sentence -এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- In case of এর পরিবর্তে if বসে,
- Subject বসে + Verb বসে,
- Adjective /Noun বসে,
- Comma বসে,
- অপর বাক্যটি বসে।
- আর মূল Clause টি Future/ Present হলে If যুক্ত Clause টি Present Tense হয়।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - If they do not finish the project by the deadline, they will face consequences.

• More Example:
Simple: In case of his not submitting the report on time, he will be reprimanded.
Complex: If he does not submit the report on time, he will be reprimanded.

Source:
1. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৪১.
Work sincerely or you will fail. (Simple)
  1. Without working sincerely, you would fail.
  2. Despite without working sincerely, you will fail.
  3. Without working sincerely, you will fail.
  4. If you don't working sincerely, you will fail.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without working sincerely, you will fail.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without working sincerely, you will fail.
ব্যাখ্যা
Compound: Work sincerely or you will fail.
Simple: Without working sincerely, you will fail.

• or যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Simple করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Without বসে +
- প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয় +
- ক্রিয়ার পরের অংশ বসে +
- or এর পরিবর্তে (,) বসে +
- দ্বিতীয় বাক্য বসে।

Structure: Without + verb + ing + Subject + extension.

Compound: Study hard or you will not prosper.
Simple: Without studying hard, you will not prosper.
৪২.
Which of the following sentences is in past simple?
  1. She was running to catch the bus.
  2. We talked for hours on the phone.
  3. I’d paid by credit card.
  4. I’d been reading about the accident in the paper.
সঠিক উত্তর:
We talked for hours on the phone.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
We talked for hours on the phone.
ব্যাখ্যা
There are a number of ways of talking about the past:

- We talked for hours on the phone. (past simple)
- She was running to catch the bus. (past continuous)
- I’ve cleaned the kitchen. (present perfect simple)
- I’ve been painting. (present perfect continuous)
- I’d paid by credit card. (past perfect simple)
- I’d been reading about the accident in the paper. (past perfect continuous)
Source: Cambridge Dictionary
৪৩.
I saw a snake and it was terrible to look at. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) I saw a snake to look at terrible.
  2. খ) I saw to look at a terrible snake.
  3. গ) I saw a snake terrible to look at.
  4. ঘ) I saw a terrible snake to look at.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) I saw a snake terrible to look at.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) I saw a snake terrible to look at.
ব্যাখ্যা
Terrible to look at একটা Adjective Phrase. Adjective Phrase – Noun এর পরে বসে Noun কে Modify করে। এ হিসেবে সঠিক উত্তর (গ)।
৪৪.
The simple form of the sentence. ''Study well or you will fail."
  1. Despite of not your studying well you will fail.
  2. In case of your studying you will fail.
  3. In spite of you studying well you will fail.
  4. In case of your not studying well you will fail.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In case of your not studying well you will fail.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In case of your not studying well you will fail.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Compound: Study well or you will fail.
- Simple: In case of your not studying well you will fail.

- 'Or' যুক্ত শর্তবোধক বা বিপরীতার্থক দুটো compound বাক্যের simple করতে হলে সাধারণত 'in case of/without' ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• 'Or' যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Simple করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Without/in case of বসে।
- বিপরীত ধারণা বুঝাতে possessive + not বসে।
- প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয়।
- verb এর পরের অংশ বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- দ্বিতীয় বাক্য/বাক্যাংশ বসে।

• Structure: or + clause → In case of + possessive + not + gerund.

• More example:
- Compound: Work hard, or you will not succeed.
- Simple: In case of your not working hard, you will not succeed.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৫.
Study hard or you will not prosper. (Make it Simple)
  1. Without studying hard, you will not prosper.
  2. If you don't study hard, you will not prosper.
  3. By studying hard, you will not prosper.
  4. In spite of being study hard, you will not prosper.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without studying hard, you will not prosper.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without studying hard, you will not prosper.
ব্যাখ্যা
Compound: Study hard or you will not prosper.
Simple: Without studying hard, you will not prosper.

• or যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Simple করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Without বসে +
- প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয় +
- ক্রিয়ার পরের অংশ বসে +
- or এর পরিবর্তে (,) বসে +
- দ্বিতীয় বাক্য বসে।

Structure: Without + verb + ing + Subject + extension.
৪৬.
We eat healthy food so that we can stay fit. [Simple]
  1. We eat healthy food, then we can stay fit.
  2. We eat healthy food then stay fit.
  3. We eat healthy food to be stay fit.
  4. We eat healthy food to stay fit.
সঠিক উত্তর:
We eat healthy food to stay fit.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
We eat healthy food to stay fit.
ব্যাখ্যা
• So that যুক্ত complex কে simple করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম থেকে so এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে,
- so that থেকে many/might/can/could/ পর্যন্ত উঠে যায়,
- to বসে,
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Complex: He worked hard so that he could prosper.
Simple: He worked hard to prosper.

Complex: We eat healthy food so that we can stay fit.
Simple: We eat healthy food to stay fit.

Source: Advanced Learners by Choudhury & Hossain.
৪৭.
Though she has many friends, she often feels lonely. (simple)
  1. In spite her having many friends, she often feels lonely.
  2. Despite of her having many friends, she often feels lonely.
  3. In spite of her having many friends, she often feels lonely.
  4. Even if having many friends, she often feels lonely.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of her having many friends, she often feels lonely.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of her having many friends, she often feels lonely.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex to simple:
যদি Though/Although clause এ has/have/had থাকে সেক্ষেত্রে নিচের নিয়মটি ব্যবহার করে simple এ পরিণত করতে হবে:

- Though/Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/In spite of বসে।
-  subject এর possessive form বসে।
- has/have/had এর স্থানে having অথবা verb+ ing ব্যবহার হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসে। 
- ২য় clause.

Complex: Though the man has much riches, he wants more.
Simple: In spite of his having much riches, he wants more.

Complex: Though she has many friends, she often feels lonely.
Simple: In spite of her having many friends, she often feels lonely.
৪৮.
She wants that I should go. (Make it simple)
  1. She wants my going.
  2. She wants me to go.
  3. She wants that I shall go.
  4. She wants I might go.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She wants me to go.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She wants me to go.
ব্যাখ্যা

Complex sentence subject + want/ wish/ desire/ like + that + subject + infinitive এর verb এই নিয়মে থাকলে simple sentence subject + want/ wish/ desire/ like + object + infinitive + extension এই নিয়মে হবে।

৪৯.
The correct simple form of “Work hard or you cannot finish the project.” is -
  1. ক) Without working hard, you cannot finish the project.
  2. খ) If you do not work hard, you cannot finish the project.
  3. গ) You do not work hard and you cannot finish the project.
  4. ঘ) Because you do not work hard, you cannot finish the project.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Without working hard, you cannot finish the project.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Without working hard, you cannot finish the project.
ব্যাখ্যা
Or যুক্ত compound sentence কে সিম্পল করতে গেলে প্রথমে without বসে + প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb-এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয় + ক্রিয়ার পরের অংশ বসে+ or এর পরিবর্তে comma বসে + দ্বিতীয় বাক্য বসে।
৫০.
I helped my friend when he was in danger. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) I helped my friend in time of danger.
  2. খ) I helped my friend if he is in danger.
  3. গ) I helped my friend to be in danger.
  4. ঘ) I helped my friend while he is in danger.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) I helped my friend in time of danger.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) I helped my friend in time of danger.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence এ 'WH' Word যুক্ত Clause থাকলে Simple Sentence এ অর্থ সঙ্গতিপূর্ণ Phrase বসাতে হয়।
এখানে when he is in danger এর পরিবর্তে in time of danger বসেছে।
৫১.
Transform into Simple: (15-17)
১৫) He went out and I woke up.
  1. ক) After his going out, I woke up.
  2. খ) On his going out and I woke up.
  3. গ) Since his going out, I woke up.
  4. ঘ) At his going out, I woke up.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) After his going out, I woke up.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) After his going out, I woke up.
ব্যাখ্যা
সময়ের পর্যায়ক্রম বুঝানোর জন্য সাধারণত after বসে।
একই সময়ে বুঝাতে at বসে।
ঠিক পরপরই বুঝাতে on বসে।
since অর্থ থেকে।
৫২.
If you told me earlier, I could do something for you. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) In case of being told earlier, I could do something for you.
  2. খ) By telling earlier, I could do something for you.
  3. গ) By your telling me earlier, I could do something for you.
  4. ঘ) I could do something for you in spite of your telling me earlier.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) In case of being told earlier, I could do something for you.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) In case of being told earlier, I could do something for you.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence এ If + Affirmative Clause থাকলে Simple করার সময় by/ in case of + Verb+ing বসে। 
in case of = ক্ষেত্রে, (কর)লে/ (হ)লে
by = (ক)রে / (করার) দ্বারা

অন্যদিকে,
in spite of = সত্ত্বেও
প্রদত্ত বাক্যের অর্থ- যদি তুমি আমাকে আগে বলতে তাহলে আমি তোমার জন্য কিছু একটা  করতে পারতাম। 
ক – আমাকে আগে বলা হলে, আমি তোমার জন্য কিছু একটা করতে পারতাম। (এটা Passive আকারে আসলেও অর্থগত দিক দিয়ে এটাই best – Option.)
৫৩.
Because of her injury, she couldn't participate in the competition. (Make it complex)
  1. She couldn't participate in the competition, though, she was injured.
  2. She was injured, she couldn't participate in the competition
  3. In order to her injury, she couldn't participate in the competition.
  4. As she was injured, she couldn't participate in the competition.
সঠিক উত্তর:
As she was injured, she couldn't participate in the competition.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
As she was injured, she couldn't participate in the competition.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Because of যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Complex-এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Simple sentence এ because of থাকলে Complex sentence এর পরিবর্তে Since/ as ব্যবহৃত হয়।
-তারপর  Subject বসে + Verb বসে,
- এরপর Adjective /Noun + Comma বসে,
- সবশেষে অপর বাক্যটি বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক উত্তর 
Simple: Because of her injury, she couldn't participate in the competition.
Complex: As she was injured, she couldn't participate in the competition.

More example: 
Simple: Because of my illness, I could not attend the meeting.
Complex: Since I was ill, I could not attend the meeting.
৫৪.
Identify the correct simple sentence for:
"He studied hard so that he could pass the exam."
  1. He studied hard to pass the exam.
  2. He studied hard as he willing to pass the exam.
  3. Studied hard, he passed the exam.
  4. He studied hard because he wanted to pass.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He studied hard to pass the exam.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He studied hard to pass the exam.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex: He studied hard so that he could pass the exam.
• Simple: He studied hard to pass the exam.

• So that যুক্ত complex sentence কে simple করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত sentence -এর প্রথম থেকে so এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে।
- so that থেকে many/might/can/could/ পর্যন্ত উঠে যায়।
- to বসে,
- প্রদত্ত sentence -এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৫৫.
Since she was hungry, she made herself a sandwich to satisfy her appetite. (Make it simple)
  1. Though she was hungry, she made herself a sandwich to satisfy her appetite.
  2. She was too hungry to make herself a sandwich to satisfy her appetite.
  3. Because of being hungry, she made herself a sandwich to satisfy her appetite.
  4. She was hungry and so she made herself a sandwich to satisfy her appetite.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Because of being hungry, she made herself a sandwich to satisfy her appetite.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Because of being hungry, she made herself a sandwich to satisfy her appetite.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence: Since she was hungry, she made herself a sandwich to satisfy her appetite. 
Simple Sentence: Because of being hungry, she made herself a sandwich to satisfy her appetite.

• Complex to simple:

• Since ↔ Because of being
• Since/as/when যুক্ত Complex sentence এর দুটি clause এর subject একই হলে এবং প্রথম clause টিতে am/is/are/was/were/has/have/had থাকলে, বাক্যটিকে simple sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে -
→ প্রথম clause এর as/since/when এর পরিবর্তে because of + সে clause এর subject এর possessive form +
→ am/is/are/was/were এর পরিবর্তে being বসে,
→ অথবা has/have had থাকলে having বসে,
→ সে sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে,
→ Comma বসে,
→ এরপর দ্বিতীয় clause টি বসে।
৫৬.
Which one is a simple sentence?
  1. ক) It was twenty years ago, and I was living in Paris.
  2. খ) Twenty years ago, I was living in Paris.
  3. গ) When it was twenty years ago, I was living in Paris.
  4. ঘ) Twenty years passed since I lived in Paris.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Twenty years ago, I was living in Paris.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Twenty years ago, I was living in Paris.
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple Sentence হল এমন একটি বাক্য যেখানে শুধু একটি মাত্র clause থাকে এবং একটিমাত্র subject ও predicate থাকে।
অপশন B-তে শুধু একটি clause আছে, I হল এর একটিমাত্র Subject এবং was living in a paris হল Predicate.
৫৭.
The weather was very cold and nobody was outside the home. (make it simple)
  1. ক) As the weather was very cold, nobody was outside the home.
  2. খ) The weather was very cold, nobody was outside the home.
  3. গ) The weather being very cold, nobody was outside the home.
  4. ঘ) The weather was very cold but nobody was outside the home.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) The weather being very cold, nobody was outside the home.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) The weather being very cold, nobody was outside the home.
ব্যাখ্যা
Compound থেকে Simple করতে হলে:
1.    Compound এর Conjunction বাদ দিতে হবে;
2.    Simple এর Preposition যোগ করতে হবে; অথবা Verb+ing বা to+Verb বসিয়ে একটি Clause কে Phrase এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
3.    ২টি Clause এর মধ্যে ১টি Clause যেভাবে আছে সেভাবে রেখে দিতে হবে।

সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর গ) The weather being very cold, nobody was outside the home.
গ ছাড়া সবগুলো বাক্যে Clause সংখ্যা দুই। তাই সেগুলো ভুল।
৫৮.
Which one of the following is a simple sentence?
  1. ক) Work hard and you will succeed.
  2. খ) Without reading hard, you cannot pass.
  3. গ) Tell me what the truth is.
  4. ঘ) Though he is cruel, I love him.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Without reading hard, you cannot pass.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Without reading hard, you cannot pass.
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple sentence:
- যে sentence এ  শুধু একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি Subject এবং একটি Finite Verb বা সমাপিকা ক্রিয়া থাকে তাকে Simple Sentence বলে। 
- এছাড়া simple sentence এ সাধারণত In spite of, Despite, Because of ইত্যাদি থাকে।
- "Without reading hard" একটি phrase; clause নয়। 
- তাই 'Without reading hard, you cannot pass.' একটি Simple sentence.

===================
Complex sentence: 

- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

Compound sentence:
- Compound sentence-এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or , neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি co-ordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।

Source:
A Passage to the English Language (S.M. Zakir Hussain).
৫৯.
He has no money but he helps others. [Simple]
  1. In spite his having no money, he helps others.
  2. In spite of his having no money, he helps others.
  3. Despite of his having no money, he helps others.
  4. Both B & C
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his having no money, he helps others.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his having no money, he helps others.
ব্যাখ্যা

• But যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Simple Sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম- 

- প্রথমে Inspite of বসে + প্রথম Sentence এর Subject এর Posssesive form বসেছে + প্রথম Sentence এর am/is/are/was/were এর পরিবর্তে being বসে বা has, have, had, এর পরিবর্তে having বসে বা প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়+ but এর পরিবর্তে comma (,) বসে+ দ্বিতীয় Sentence টি বসে।

• Compound: He is ill but he can run fast.
- Simple: In spite of his being ill, he can run fast.

Compound: He has no money but he helps others.
Simple: In spite of his having no money, he helps others.

অন্য অপশনগুলো ভুল:

ক) In spite his having no money, he helps others. → "In spite" এর পরে "of" বাধ্যতামূলক; "in spite" একা ব্যবহার হয় না।

গ) Despite of his having no money, he helps others. → "Despite" এর পরে "of" ব্যবহার করা grammatically ভুল।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৬০.
Though she has a busy schedule, she always finds time for her family. (Simple)
  1. Since her having a busy schedule, she always finds time for her family.
  2. In spite of her having a busy schedule, she always finds time for her family.
  3. Despite of her having a busy schedule, she always finds time for her family.
  4. In spite her having a busy schedule, she always finds time for her family.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of her having a busy schedule, she always finds time for her family.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of her having a busy schedule, she always finds time for her family.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex to simple:
যদি Though/Although clause এ has/have/had থাকে সেক্ষেত্রে নিচের নিয়মটি ব্যবহার করে simple এ পরিণত করতে হবে:

- Though/Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/In spite of বসে।
-  subject এর possessive form বসে।
- has/have/had এর স্থানে having অথবা verb+ ing ব্যবহার হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসে। 
- ২য় clause.

Complex: Though the man has much riches, he wants more.
Simple: In spite of his having much riches, he wants more.

Complex: Though she has a busy schedule, she always finds time for her family.
Simple: In spite of her having a busy schedule, she always finds time for her family.
৬১.
“The scientist doing the research in the laboratory is my teacher”. This is a –
  1. a) Simple sentence
  2. b) Complex sentence
  3. c) Compound sentence
  4. d) None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর:
a) Simple sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
a) Simple sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
A simple sentence is a sentence that contains a single independent clause.
আলোচ্য বাক্যে একটাই clause আছে;
এখানে ‘doing the research in the laboratory’ একটি adjective phrase (clause নয়)
Source: www.dictionary.com
৬২.
Although she has many friends, she feels lonely. [Simple]
  1. In spite of her many friends, she feels lonely.
  2. In spite of her having many friends, she feels lonely.
  3. In spite her having many friends, she feels lonely.
  4. Despite of her having many friends, she feels lonely.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of her having many friends, she feels lonely.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of her having many friends, she feels lonely.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex to simple:
যদি Though/Although clause এ has/have/had থাকে সেক্ষেত্রে নিচের নিয়মটি ব্যবহার করে simple এ পরিণত করতে হবে:

- Though/Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/In spite of বসে।
- subject এর possessive form বসে।
- has/have/had এর স্থানে having অথবা verb+ ing ব্যবহার হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসে। 
- ২য় clause.

Complex: Though the man has much riches, he wants more.
Simple: In spite of his having much riches, he wants more.

Complex: Although she has many friends, she feels lonely.
Simple: In spite of her having many friends, she feels lonely.

৬৩.
He worked hard so that he could thrive. (simple)
  1. He worked hard than thrive.
  2. He worked hard to thrive.
  3. He worked hard to be thrive.
  4. He worked hard, thrive.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He worked hard to thrive.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He worked hard to thrive.
ব্যাখ্যা
• So that যুক্ত complex কে simple করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম থেকে so এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে,
- so that থেকে many/might/can/could/ পর্যন্ত উঠে যায়,
- to বসে,
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Complex: He worked hard so that he could thrive.
Simple: He worked hard to thrive.

Source: Advanced Learners by Choudhury & Hossain.
৬৪.
When it was raining, Anwar woke up. (Simple)
  1. In the raining, Anwar woke up.
  2. At the raining, Anwar woke up.
  3. At the time of raining, Anwar woke up.
  4. It is raining then Anwar woke up.
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the time of raining, Anwar woke up.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the time of raining, Anwar woke up.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex to simple: 
• When দ্বারা সময় না বুঝিয়ে কোন কাজ চলা বোঝালে তখন,
- At the time of + when যুক্ত অংশের -ing যুক্ত ক্রিয়াটি বসে। 
- বাকি অংশ বসে। 

Complex: When it was raining, Anwar woke up.
Simple: At the time of raining, Anwar woke up.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৬৫.
Make it simple: I helped a mother who was helpless.
  1. I helped a mother in need of help.
  2. I help helpless mother.
  3. I helped a mother, helpless.
  4. I helped a helpless mother.
সঠিক উত্তর:
I helped a helpless mother.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I helped a helpless mother.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex to simple:
• অনেক সময় relative pronoun + adjective টি object এর পরে বসে। সেক্ষেত্রে Complex sentence কে Simple করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে subject বসে।
- verb বসে।
- article বসে।
- প্রদত্ত adjective টি বসে।
- object বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, Subject 'I' + verb 'helped' + article 'a' + প্রদত্ত adjective 'helpless' + object 'mother' বসেছে।

Complex: I helped a mother who was helpless. 
Simple: I helped a helpless mother.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৬৬.
Which of the following is a correct simple sentence?
  1. All that glitters is not gold
  2. I saw an old man walking past me
  3. All's well that ends well
  4. Do or die
সঠিক উত্তর:
I saw an old man walking past me
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I saw an old man walking past me
ব্যাখ্যা

• উল্লিখিত অপশনগুলোর মধ্যে - I saw an old man walking past me বাক্যটি হচ্ছে একটি Simple sentence.

• Simple sentence:
- A simple sentence consists of a single independent clause that expresses a complete thought.
- একটি simple sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে।
- যেমন: The sun shines brightly in the sky.

• বর্ণনা অনুযায়ী, I saw an old man walking past me বাক্যে একটি subject (I) এবং একটি finite verb (saw) রয়েছে, তাই এটি simple sentence হয়েছে।
- এখানে, walking - participle এবং past হচ্ছে preposition.

• Other options:
ক) All that glitters is not gold হচ্ছে complex sentence.
গ) All's well that ends well হচ্ছে complex sentence.
ঘ) Do or die হচ্ছে compound sentence.
-----------------------
• Complex sentence:
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে।
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

• Compound sentence:
- এ ধরনের বাক্যে একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or , neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।

৬৭.
The simple form of:
Though he has a busy schedule, he finds time to exercise.
  1. Because of his having a busy schedule, he finds time to exercise.
  2. In spite of his having a busy schedule, he finds time to exercise.
  3. In spite of his being a busy schedule, he finds time to exercise.
  4. Despite of his having a busy schedule, he finds time to exercise.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his having a busy schedule, he finds time to exercise.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of his having a busy schedule, he finds time to exercise.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Complex Sentence: Though he has a busy schedule, he finds time to exercise.
- Simple Sentence: In spite of his having a busy schedule, he finds time to exercise.

• Though/ Although Clause- এ has/have/ had থাকলে সে ক্ষেত্রে Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/ In Spite of বসে।
- Subject অনুসারে এর Possessive form বসে।
- has/have/had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬৮.
Choose the correct simple sentence:
  1. If you study hard, you will pass.
  2. She met a woman waiting at the bus stop.
  3. He was angry, so he left.
  4. While I was cooking, the phone rang.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She met a woman waiting at the bus stop.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She met a woman waiting at the bus stop.
ব্যাখ্যা
উত্তর: খ) She met a woman waiting at the bus stop.

- এটি একটি simple sentence কারণ এখানে শুধু একটি independent clause আছে।
- "waiting at the bus stop" একটি participle phrase, যা noun "woman" কে modify করছে, কিন্তু এটি একটি independent clause নয়।
- তাই এটা simple sentence.

• Simple sentence:
- A simple sentence consists of a single independent clause that expresses a complete thought.
- একটি simple sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে।
- যেমন: The sun shines brightly in the sky.

Other options,
ক) If you study hard, you will pass.
- এটি একটি complex sentence কারণ এখানে দুটি clause আছে:
- "If you study hard" (dependent clause).
- "you will pass" (independent clause).

গ) He was angry, so he left.
- এটি একটি compound sentence কারণ এখানে দুটি independent clause যোগ হয়েছে conjunction "so" দিয়ে।
- দুটি পূর্ণ বাক্য ("He was angry" এবং "he left") যুক্ত।

ঘ) While I was cooking, the phone rang.
- এটি একটি complex sentence কারণ এখানে "While I was cooking" একটি dependent (subordinate) clause, আর "the phone rang" independent clause.
৬৯.
The time before night when it is not yet dark-
  1. ক) Evening
  2. খ) Dawn
  3. গ) Dusk
  4. ঘ) Eclipse
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Dusk
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Dusk
ব্যাখ্যা
• Dusk:
- the time before night when it is not yet dark.
- সন্ধ্যার প্রাক্কাল; গোধূলি; আংশিক অন্ধকার রঙের কালচে ভাব।
 
• Evening (সন্ধ্যাকাল)
- the part of the day between the afternoon and the time you go to bed

• Dawn
(ঊষা; ভোর)
- the time of day when light first appears

• Eclipse
(গ্রহণ)
- an occasion when the moon passes between the earth and the sun so that you cannot see all or part of the sun for a time;
- an occasion when the earth passes between the moon and the sun so that you cannot see all or part of the moon for a time
 
Source: Oxford Dictionary
৭০.
He worked hard so that he could flourish in life. (simple)
  1. He worked hard to be flourish in life.
  2. He worked hard then flourish in life.
  3. He worked hard to flourish in life.
  4. He worked hard than flourish in life.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He worked hard to flourish in life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He worked hard to flourish in life.
ব্যাখ্যা

• So that যুক্ত complex কে simple করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম থেকে so এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে,
- so থেকে many/might/can/could পর্যন্ত উঠে যায়,
- to বসে,
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Complex: He worked hard so that he could flourish in life.
Simple: He worked hard to flourish in life.

Source: Advanced Learners by Choudhury & Hossain.

৭১.
When Adiba was ten, she left her village. (make it simple) 
  1. At the age of ten, Adiba left her village.
  2. At ten, Adiba left her village.
  3. Adiba was ten so she left her village.
  4. Adiba was ten then she left her village. 
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the age of ten, Adiba left her village.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
At the age of ten, Adiba left her village.
ব্যাখ্যা
• When যুক্ত সময় নির্দেশক Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- When clause এ ছোট সময়/ বয়স/ ঋতুর উল্লেখ থাকলে
- When উঠে যায় +
- When এর পরে যে Subject ও Verb থাকে তা উঠে যায় +
- ছোট সময় বুঝালে at/in বসে, ঋতু থাকলে তার পূর্বে in বসে, বয়সের উল্লেখ থাকলে তার পূর্বে at the age of বসে +
- পরবর্তী clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।

Complex Sentence: When Adiba was ten, she left her village.
Simple Sentence: At the age of ten, Adiba left her village.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৭২.
He was selected for the army during World War II despite his lack of eligibility to join the army. This is an example of -
  1. ক) Simple Sentence
  2. খ) Complex Sentence
  3. গ) Compound sentence
  4. ঘ) Imperative Sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Simple Sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Simple Sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
যে sentence-এ একটি মাত্র Clause থাকে এবং একটি মাত্র subject এবং finite verb থাকে তাকে simple sentence বলে।
আলোচ্য বাক্যে একটিই clause আছে, আর 'despite his lack of eligibility to join the army' clause নয় এটি একটি phrase.
উক্ত বাক্যে একটি মাত্র subject (he) এবং একটি মাত্র finite verb (was selected) রয়েছে। 

অতএব, বাক্যটি একটি simple sentence.
৭৩.
In case of her failure, you will need to handle the presentation. (Make it complex)
  1. If she failed, you would need to handle the presentation.
  2. Unless she failed, you would need to handle the presentation.
  3. If she fails, you will need to handle the presentation.
  4. If she failed, you will need to handle the presentation.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If she fails, you will need to handle the presentation.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If she fails, you will need to handle the presentation.
ব্যাখ্যা
• In case of যুক্ত simple sentence কে complex sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
- in case of এর পরিবর্তে if বসে
- Subject বসে + Verb বসে
- Adjective /Noun বসে
- Comma বসে
- অপর বাক্যটি বসে।
- আর মূল Clause টি Future/ Present হলে If যুক্ত Clause টি Present Tense হয়।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী:
Simple sentence: In case of her failure, you will need to handle the presentation.
Complex sentence: If she fails, you will need to handle the presentation.
৭৪.
He is rich but he is unhappy. Correct simple sentence of this sentence is -
  1. ক) Though he is rich but he is unhappy.
  2. খ) Despite of he is rich, he is unhappy.
  3. গ) Inspite of his riches he is unhappy.
  4. ঘ) Although he is rich but he is unhappy.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Inspite of his riches he is unhappy.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Inspite of his riches he is unhappy.
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর হলো - Inspite of his riches he is unhappy.
•Simple Sentence:
- যে sentence- এ একটি মাত্র subject ও একটি মাত্র Finite verb থাকে তাকে simple sentence বলে। 

• But যুক্ত Compound sentence কে simple sentence এ রূপান্তর: 
- শুরুতে inspite of/despite বসে।
- person অনুযায়ী possessive form যেমন: my/his/her বসে। 
- প্রথম clause এর adjective এর noun form + দ্বিতীয় clause ব্যবহার করা হয়।
• Example: 
Compound: He is rich but he is unhappy. 
Simple: Inspite of his riches he is unhappy.

Compound: He was ill, but he came for rehearsal.
Simple: In spite of his illness, he came for rehearsal. 
৭৫.
Which of the following will be the correct simple form of: The boy who is mysterious can make a good result.
  1. ক) If the boy is mysterious boy can make a good result.
  2. খ) A mysterious boy could be make a good result.
  3. গ) Though the boy is mysterious boy can always make a good result.
  4. ঘ) A mysterious boy can make a good result.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) A mysterious boy can make a good result.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) A mysterious boy can make a good result.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Complex to simple এর ক্ষেত্রে,

Subject + relative pronoun + adjective যুক্ত Complex sentence কে simple করার সময়,
- প্রথমে that এর পরিবর্তে a/an বসে।
- relative pronoun এর পরে adjective টি বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Subject টি বসে।
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর adjective এর পরের অংশ বসে।

Complex: The boy who is mysterious can make a good result.
Simple: A mysterious boy can make a good result.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৭৬.
"He opened the door and entered the room." (Make it simple)
  1. Opening the door, he entered the room.
  2. He opened the door, entering the room.
  3. Opening the door, entering the room.
  4. He opened the door and entering the room.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Opening the door, he entered the room.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Opening the door, he entered the room.
ব্যাখ্যা

→ Correct Answer: Opening the door, he entered the room.

যখন compound sentence-এ দুটি কাজ পরপর ঘটে এবং "and" দিয়ে যুক্ত থাকে, তখন simple sentence বানানোর সময় প্রথম verb-এর সাথে "ing" যোগ করা হয়।
অর্থাৎ Compound বাক্যে প্রথম কাজের verb-এ "ing" যোগ করতে হবে।
- বাকির অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
- Tense একই থাকবে।

উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে Compound Sentence হলো: "He opened the door and entered the room."
এখানে "and" দিয়ে একই ব্যক্তির সম্পর্কে দুটি verb যুক্ত হয়েছে:
He opened the door. এবং He entered the room.
এই Compound Sentence-কে Simple Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়:
প্রথম verb টি ("opened") কে "-ing" form-এ পরিবর্তন করা হয়: "Opening"
দ্বিতীয় clause-এর tense অপরিবর্তিত রাখা হয়: "he entered the room"

সুতরাং, সঠিক Simple Sentence হবে: "Opening the door, he entered the room."

Example Sentences:
- Compound: I went there and met her.
- Simple: Going there, I met her.
- Compound: She will go to the office and will do the work.
- Simple: Going to the office, she will do the work.
- Compound: He took his umbrella and left the house.
- Simple: Taking his umbrella, he left the house.

৭৭.
Change it into simple: It is sure that Tommy has made it.
  1. Sure is that Tommy has made it.
  2. Tommy has made it.
  3. Surely, Tommy has made it.
  4. Tommy had made it sure.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Surely, Tommy has made it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Surely, Tommy has made it.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex to simple: 

• Complex sentence এ it is certain, it is surely, it is sudden থাকলে Simple sentence এ
- it is surely এর পরিবর্তে surely হবে + এর পরের relative pronoun টি বাদ যাবে + বাকি sentence টি বসবে।

Complex: It is sure that Tommy has made it.
Simple: Surely, Tommy has made it.

• অন্য দিকে, 
- it is certain এর পরিবর্তে certainly হবে
- it is sudden এর পরিবর্তে suddenly হবে.

যেমন:
Complex: It is certain that he will come here.
Simple: Certainly, he will come here.

Complex: It was sudden that he lost his mobile.
Simple: Suddenly, he lost his mobile.
৭৮.
I know your plan. (Make it compound)
  1. ক) I know that you have a plan.
  2. খ) You have a plan and I know it.
  3. গ) You have a plan which I know.
  4. ঘ) I know what is your plan.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) You have a plan and I know it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) You have a plan and I know it.
ব্যাখ্যা
You have a plan and I know it. 
বাংলা অনুবাদ= তোমার একটি পরিকল্পনা আছে এবং সেইটা আমি জানি। 

Structure= Second subject + be verb + object + and + first subject + main verb + object. 

যেসব sentence- এ একাধিক principal clause বা main clause বা প্রধান উপবাক্য থাকে সেসব sentence কে Compound Sentence বা যৌগিক বাক্য বলে। Compound Sentence বা যৌগিক বাক্যের দুটি main clause co-ordinating Linker বা conjunction দ্বারা সংযুক্ত থাকে। 

Reference: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain
৭৯.
Move or quit. (simple)
  1. Move and quit.
  2. You move, you will quit.
  3. If you do not move, you will quit.
  4. Without moving you will quit.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without moving you will quit.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without moving you will quit.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Compound to Simple:

• একটি simple sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে।

- Or যুক্ত compound sentence কে simple করার সাধারণ নিয়ম:
- without + verb + ing + sub + extension.

Compound: Move or quit.
Simple: Without moving you will quit.
৮০.
The weather being very cold, nobody was outside the home. The sentence is a/an -
  1. Simple sentence
  2. Complex sentence
  3. Compound sentence
  4. Optative sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
Simple sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Simple sentence
ব্যাখ্যা

বাক্যটিতে was একমাত্র finite verb, যেহেতু বাক্যে একটি মাত্র finite verb থাকলে তা Simple sentence হয়, তাই এই বাক্যটি একটি Simple sentence.

৮১.
‘The meeting being over, we left the room’. This is a/an –
  1. Complex sentence
  2. Compound sentence
  3. Assertive sentence
  4. Simple sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
Simple sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Simple sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
A simple sentence is a sentence that contains a single independent clause.
আলোচ্য বাক্যে একটাই clause আছে; 
এখানে ‘The meeting being over’ একটি phrase; এটা clause নয় (এখানে কোনো finite verb নেই)
৮২.
Hurry up or you will miss the bus. (make it simple)
  1. Without hurrying up, you will miss the bus.
  2. Without hurrying up, you will not miss the bus.
  3. Hurrying up, you will miss the bus.
  4. You will miss the bus and hurry up.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without hurrying up, you will miss the bus.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Without hurrying up, you will miss the bus.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Or যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Simple sentence- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Without বসে।
- প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হবে।
- Verb এর পরের অংশ বসে।
- or এর পরিবর্তে Comma (,) বসে।
- ২য় senetnce টি বসে।

• Compound Sentence: Hurry up or you will miss the bus.
• Simple Sentence: Without hurrying up, you will miss the bus.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৩.
Even though she was tired, she stayed up late to finish her project.- This is an example of -
  1. Simple sentence
  2. Complex sentence
  3. Compound sentence
  4. Compound-Complex Sentences
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
Even though she was tired, she stayed up late to finish her project.- This is an example of - Complex sentence.

• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
যেমন:
- Even though the team was losing, they never gave up hope.

• অন্যদিকে, 
• Simple sentence:
- A simple sentence consists of a single independent clause that expresses a complete thought.
- একটি simple sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে,
- যেমন: The sun shines brightly in the sky.

• Compound sentence:
- এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or , neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।
-যেমন: 
- The movie was really interesting, but it was quite long.

• Compound-Complex Sentences:
- A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
- যেমন - Although it was raining heavily, they continued their hike, and they eventually reached the summit despite the challenging weather conditions.
৮৪.
Make it simple: The girl who is brave saved the child.
  1. The girl is brave and saved the child.
  2. A brave girl saved the child.
  3. A brave girl that saved the child.
  4. The girl is brave to save the child.
সঠিক উত্তর:
A brave girl saved the child.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
A brave girl saved the child.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Complex: The girl who is brave saved the child.
- Simple: A brave girl saved the child.

• Subject + relative pronoun (who/which / that) + adjective যুক্ত complex sentence কে simple sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে the-এর পরিবর্তে a / an বসে +
- relative pronoun এর পরের adjective টি বসে +
- প্রদত্ত subject টি বসে +
- প্রদত্ত sentence-এর adjective-এর পরের অংশটি বসে।

- নিয়ম অনুযায়ী article 'A' বসেছে, প্রদত্ত adjective 'brave' বসেছে + subject 'girl' বসেছে + adjective-এর পরের অংশ 'saved the child' বসেছে।

• More examples:
- Complex: The girl who is meritorious can make a good result.
- Simple: A meritorious girl can make a good result.

৮৫.
His books sold like-
  1. ক) burgers
  2. খ) hot cakes
  3. গ) fresh biscuits
  4. ঘ) butter and buns
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) hot cakes
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) hot cakes
ব্যাখ্যা
'Hot cake' অর্থ কোনো কিছু চাহিদার বেশি।
৮৬.
The boy is so little that he cannot do this small task. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) The boy is so little and he cannot do this small task.
  2. খ) The boy is too little so that he cannot do this small task.
  3. গ) The boy is too little to do this small task.
  4. ঘ) The boy is so little that he cannot do this small task.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) The boy is too little to do this small task.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) The boy is too little to do this small task.
ব্যাখ্যা
• So... that যুক্ত complex sentence টিকে simple sentence এ পরিণত করতে হলে এর structure হচ্ছে - 
-প্রথমে Subject বসে
- এরপর auxiliary verb বসে 
-   So এর স্থানে too +adjective
- দ্বিতীয় verb থেকে বাকি অংশ। 
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - The boy is too little to do this small task.
৮৭.
She studied diligently and excelled in her exams. (Make it simple)
  1. By studying diligently, she excelled in her exams.
  2. Studying diligently, she excelled in her exams.
  3. Because of studying diligently, she excelled in her exams.
  4. All above these
সঠিক উত্তর:
All above these
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
All above these
ব্যাখ্যা
• And যুক্ত compound sentence কে কয়েক ভাবে simple sentence এ পরিবর্তন করা যায় -

• Compound এ and দ্বারা দুটি কাজ যুক্ত থাকলে simple এর শুরুতে প্রথম  verb টি + ing হয়।
• অথবা Because of + verb + ing হয়।
• আবার, By + verb + ing বসিয়েও simple sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়।

যেমন - 
• Compound sentence - She studied diligently and excelled in her exams.
• Simple sentence: 
- By studying diligently, she excelled in her exams.
- Studying diligently, she excelled in her exams.
- Because of studying diligently, she excelled in her exams.
৮৮.
If he does not abide by the rules, the authority will punish him.
  1. ক) In case of his not abiding by the rules, the authority will punish him.
  2. খ) Without abiding by the rules, the authority will punish him.
  3. গ) Without abiding by the rules, he will be punished by the authority.
  4. ঘ) By not abiding by the rules, he will be punished by the authority.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) In case of his not abiding by the rules, the authority will punish him.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) In case of his not abiding by the rules, the authority will punish him.
ব্যাখ্যা
If এর পরিবর্তে negative বাক্যে in case of not/ without বসাতে হয়।
কিন্তু উভয় Clause এর Subject ভিন্ন হলে in case of + Possessive form of Subject + not +verb +ing বসাতে হয়।
খ ও ঘ ভুল Possessive form of Subject না থাকার কারণে।
in case of not= না করলে (এমনটি ঘটলে )
without = করা ছাড়া (কাজের অস্তিত্ব না থাকায়)
by not = না করার দ্বারা
গ তে Passive voice এর মাধ্যমে উভয় অংশে Subject এক বানালেও অর্থের দিক থেকে অসঙ্গতিপূর্ণ।
৮৯.
He not only stole the money but also accused its owner of theft. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) In spite of stealing the money, he accused its owner of theft.
  2. খ) Besides stoling the money, he accused its owner of theft.
  3. গ) Because of stealing the money, he accused its owner of theft.
  4. ঘ) Besides stealing the money, he accused its owner of theft.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Besides stealing the money, he accused its owner of theft.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Besides stealing the money, he accused its owner of theft.
ব্যাখ্যা
Not only ..... but also = কেবল এটাই নয় সেটাও
এর পরিবর্তে Simple Sentence এ besides (ছাড়াও) বসে। 
খ-তে besides থাকলেও এর পর Past form এর Verb এর সাথে ing যোগ করা হয়েছে, যা ভুল। 
৯০.
If you take exercise, you will be healthy. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) By taking exercise, you will be healthy.
  2. খ) By took exercise, you will be healthy.
  3. গ) By taking exercise, you would be healthy.
  4. ঘ) By taking to exercise, you are be healthy.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) By taking exercise, you will be healthy.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) By taking exercise, you will be healthy.
ব্যাখ্যা
- উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের Simple sentence হচ্ছে By taking exercise, you will be healthy.

• Complex sentence কে simple sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
Structure: By + verb + ing.......
Example:
Complex sentence: If you take exercise, you will be healthy.
Simple sentence: By taking exercise, you will be healthy.
৯১.
I had done the work and went home. The simple form of the sentence is-
  1. Having done the work, I went home
  2. Being done the work, I went home
  3. I had done the work going home
  4. As I had done the work, I went home
সঠিক উত্তর:
Having done the work, I went home
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Having done the work, I went home
ব্যাখ্যা
এ ধরনের sentence কে simple করার সময়, যে কাজটি আগে করা হয়েছে সেই verb টিকে non-finite (ing যুক্ত ) করতে হয়।এখানে ‘had done’ non-finite হয়ে having done হয়েছে।
৯২.
Which of the following can be the simple form of the sentence - 'He worked hard and prospered in life.'?
  1. ক) By working hard, he prospered in life.
  2. খ) Working hard, he prospered in life.
  3. গ) Because of working hard, he prospered in life.
  4. ঘ) All of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) All of these
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) All of these
ব্যাখ্যা
• And যুক্ত compound sentence কে কয়েক ভাবে simple sentence এ পরিবর্তন করা যায় -

• Compound এ and দ্বারা দুটি কাজ যুক্ত থাকলে simple এর শুরুতে প্রথম  verb টি + ing হয়।
• অথবা Because of + verb + ing হয়।
• আবার, By + verb + ing বসিয়েও simple sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়।

যেমন - 
• Compound sentence - 'He worked hard and prospered in life.
• Simple sentence: 
- Working hard, he prospered in life.
- Because of working hard, he prospered in life.
- By working hard, he prospered in life.
৯৩.
I met a boy who was shy and introverted. (Make it simple)
  1. I met a shy and introverted boy.
  2. I met a boy of being shy and introverted.
  3. I met a boy in need of shy and introverted.
  4. None of the above is correct
সঠিক উত্তর:
I met a shy and introverted boy.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I met a shy and introverted boy.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex: I met a boy who was shy and introverted.
Simple: I met a shy and introverted boy.

• Complex to simple:
• অনেক সময় relative pronoun + adjective টি object এর পরে বসে। সেক্ষেত্রে Complex sentence কে Simple করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে subject বসে।
- verb বসে।
- article বসে।
- প্রদত্ত adjective টি বসে।
- object বসে।

More Examples:
Complex: They found a dog that was injured and scared.
Simple: They found an injured and scared dog.

Complex: I saw a woman who was lost and confused.
Simple: I saw a lost and confused woman.
৯৪.
She passed the exam although she has little experience in the subject. (Make it simple) 
  1. Despite of having little experience in the subject, she passed the exam.
  2. In spite of having little experience in the subject, she passed the exam.
  3. In spite of being little experience in the subject, she passed the exam.
  4. Because of having little experience the subject, she passed the exam.
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of having little experience in the subject, she passed the exam.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
In spite of having little experience in the subject, she passed the exam.
ব্যাখ্যা

Though/ Although Clause এ has/ have/ had থাকলে সে ক্ষেত্রে Complex Sentence কে Simple Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ Although এর পরিবর্তে Despite/ In Spite of বসে।
- Subject অনুসারে এর Possessive form বসে।
- has/ have/ had এর পরিবর্তে having বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসবে।

Complex Sentence: She passed the exam although she has little experience in the subject.
Simple Sentence: In spite of having little experience in the subject, she passed the exam.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৫.
The boy is so clumsy that he cannot walk without tripping. (Make it simple)
  1. The boy is so clumsy too he walk without tripping.
  2. The boy is so clumsy so he cannot walk without tripping.
  3. The boy is too clumsy to walk without tripping.
  4. The boy is so clumsy and he cannot walk without tripping.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The boy is too clumsy to walk without tripping.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The boy is too clumsy to walk without tripping.
ব্যাখ্যা
• So... that যুক্ত complex sentence টিকে simple sentence এ পরিণত করতে হলে এর structure হচ্ছে - 
-প্রথমে Subject বসে
- এরপর auxiliary verb বসে 
-   So এর স্থানে too +adjective
- negative word টি বাদ যাবে এবং
- দ্বিতীয় verb থেকে বাকি অংশ বসবে।

- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - The boy is too clumsy to walk without tripping.
৯৬.
Choose the simple sentence:
  1. He worked hard so that he could pass.
  2. He worked hard and he passed.
  3. Working hard, he passed.
  4. As he worked hard, he passed.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Working hard, he passed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Working hard, he passed.
ব্যাখ্যা
Correct Answer: গ) Working hard, he passed.

- Simple Sentence চেনার উপায়:
- একটি মাত্র স্বাধীন Clause (Independent Clause) থাকে।
- Compound বা Complex Sentence-এর মতো অতিরিক্ত Clause থাকবে না।

সঠিক উত্তর (গ): "Working hard, he passed."

এখানে Present Participle ("Working") ব্যবহার করে একটি মাত্র Clause তৈরি করা হয়েছে।
- এটি Simple Sentence, কারণ:
- কোনো Conjunction (and, so that, as) নেই।
- শুধুমাত্র একটি প্রধান Verb ("passed") এবং একটি Participle Phrase ("Working hard")।

Other options:


ক) "He worked hard so that he could pass."
- Complex Sentence (কারণ: "so that" দ্বারা Purpose Clause যুক্ত হয়েছে)।

খ) "He worked hard and he passed."
- Compound Sentence (দুটি স্বাধীন Clause "and" দ্বারা যুক্ত)।

ঘ) "As he worked hard, he passed."
- Complex Sentence (কারণ: "As" দ্বারা Cause Clause যুক্ত হয়েছে)।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৯৭.
Since she was small, she could not work hard. (make it simple)
  1. Although she is small, she could not work hard.
  2. Despite her being small, she could work hard.
  3. Because of her being small, she could not worked hard.
  4. Because of her being small, she could not work hard.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Because of her being small, she could not work hard.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Because of her being small, she could not work hard.
ব্যাখ্যা
Since/as যুক্ত Complex sentence এর clause দুটির subject এক হলে since/ as যুক্ত clause এ শুধুমাত্র be verb থাকলে নিচের নিয়ম এর সাহায্যে Simple করতে হবে-
- since/as এর পরিবর্তে Because of বসে।
- প্রথম clause এর subject অনুযায়ী এর possessive form বসবে।  
- am / is / are / was / were এর পরিবর্তে being বসে বা has / have / had  এর পরিবর্তে having বসে।
- প্রথম clause এর বাকি অংশ।
- comma (,) বসে।
- বাকি sentence টি বসবে।

Complex
: Since she was small, she could not work hard.
Simple: Because of her being small, she could not work hard.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৯৮.
As soon as he heard the tidings, he called his clan. (Make it simple)
  1. As soon as hearing the tidings, he called his clan.
  2. After hearing the tidings, he called his clan.
  3. By hearing the tidings, he called his clan.
  4. On hearing the tidings, he called his clan.
সঠিক উত্তর:
On hearing the tidings, he called his clan.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
On hearing the tidings, he called his clan.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex Sentence: As soon as he heard the tidings, he called his clan. 
- Simple Sentence: On hearing the tidings, he called his clan.

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত As soon as he heard the tidings, he called his clan.  - এই বাক্যটি complex sentence এ আছে।
- Complex Sentence এ ‍as soon as থাকলে Simple Sentence এ as soon as এর পরিবর্তে on (সাথে সাথেই) বসে।
- On এর সাথে verb + ing বসে। 
- এরপর as soon as যুক্ত clause এর বাকি অংশ বসে।
- Principal clause যেভাবে রয়েছে সেভাবেই বসে। 

উল্লেখ্য, 
- tidings শব্দের অর্থ - সংবাদ; সন্দেশ। 
- clan শব্দের অর্থ - গোত্র; বংশ; প্রধানত স্কটল্যান্ডের পার্বত্যাঞ্চলের একবংশীয় জাতি।

৯৯.
Jack and Jill like walking. The sentence is-
  1. ক) Simple
  2. খ) Complex
  3. গ) Compound
  4. ঘ) Interrogative
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Simple
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Simple
ব্যাখ্যা

And থাকার কারণে যদিও মনে হবে এটি একটি compound sentence.
কিন্তু এটি মূলত একটি ‍simple sentence. Compound হওয়ার জন্য শর্ত হলো ‍and দুইটি independent clasue কে যুক্ত করবে। অথচ বাক্যে and দুইটি শব্দকে যুক্ত করেছে।
সুতরাং মনে রাখতে হবে coordinating conjunction গুলো যদি দুইটি clause কে যুক্ত না করে। বরং word, phrase কে যুক্ত করে তাহলে তা ‍simple sentence হবে।
উৎসঃ A passage to the English Language- S.M. Jakir Hussain

১০০.
"Without working hard, you will not prosper in life." is a -
  1. Simple Sentence
  2. Complex Sentence
  3. Compound Sentence
  4. None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর:
Simple Sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Simple Sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত Sentence টি একটি Simple Sentence.
- Simple sentence বা সরল বাক্যেতে একটি মাত্র subject ও একটি মাত্র finite verb থাকে।
Example: The boys play cricket.

Complex Sentence বা জটিল বাক্যেতে একটি principal cause এবং এক বা একাধিক subordinate clause থাকে।
- subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত: if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
Example: Though he is poor, he is honest.

• Compound sentence বা যৌগিক বাক্যে দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause যা and, but, or, yet, and so, therefore, otherwise, else, both …. and, either …. or, neither …. nor, not only …. but also ইত্যাদি conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে। 
Example: He is poor but he is honest. 

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.