১.
VC+RV=?
স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স
মোট প্রশ্ন৩৬
সিলেবাস
Physiology-02 -
Circulatory system - Cardiac cycle, E.C.G., Blood pressure, Cardiac out put, Physiology of shock, Regional circulation.
Respiratory system - Lung function tests, Mechanism of rhythmic breathing, O2 and CO2 carriage, Regulation of respiration, Cyanosis and hypoxia.
স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স
স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ৩৬ প্রশ্ন
২.
Vasogenic shock excludes
৩.
Normal quiet breathing is accomplished almost entirely by movement of the
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 491
৪.
At a normal heart rate, the duration(second) of ventricular systole is
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
At a normal heart rate the duration of systole and diastole are:
Atrial systole: 0.1 second
Atrial diastole: 0.7 second
Ventricular systole: 0.3 second
Ventricular diastole: 0.5 second
৫.
The normal dead space air in a young man is about ... ml
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 498
৬.
Effect of exercise on cardiac output excludes
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Effect of exercise on cardiac output
Exercise increase cardiac output and it is proportionate exercise intensity. The responses to exercise are:
• Positive chronotropism (i.e. increase heart rate)
• Positive inotropism (i.e. increase myocardial contractility)
• Increase venous return and thus stroke volume
• Decrease in total peripheral resistance
৭.
Maximum percentage of 02 is present in
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 513
৮.
Which is not a part of Respiratory Unit (also called respiratory lobule)
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 515
৯.
Pulmonary circulation
১০.
Utilization of O2 by tissues is reduced in which form of hypoxia?
১১.
A person with … frequently has cyanosis?
ব্যাখ্যা
Definite cyanosis appears whenever the arterial blood contains more than 5 grams of deoxygenated hemoglobin in each 100 ml of blood. A person with anemia almost never becomes cyanotic. Conversely, in a person with Polycythemia vera frequently has cyanosis, even under otherwise normal conditions.
১২.
Factors that shift 02-Hb dissociation curve to left
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 526
১৩.
Maximum CO2 is transported as
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 528
১৪.
Pulse pressure does not depend on
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Pulse pressure
Is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. Normal pulse pressure is 30 - 60 mm Hg (average 50 mm Hg).
Pulse pressure depends on three factors:
• Age
• Stroke volume
• Arterial elastic constant
১৫.
Obstructive pulmonary disease of upper respiratory tract
১৬.
The ultimate goal of respiration is to maintain proper concentrations of the following in the tissues except?
ব্যাখ্যা
The ultimate goal of respiration is to maintain proper concentrations of O2, CO2 & H+
১৭.
Can be measured by spirometry
ব্যাখ্যা
Volume, which cannot be measured by spirometry, is the residual volume. Capacities, which include residual volume also cannot be measured. Capacities that include residual volume are functional residual capacity and total lung capacity.
১৮.
Which are the major sites of resistance of circulation?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Arterioles are the major site of the resistance to blood flow. So, arterioles are the stop clocks of the circulation.
Arterioles are the major site of the resistance to blood flow. So, arterioles are the stop clocks of the circulation.
১৯.
O2 therapy is not useful in which form of hypoxia?
২০.
Which one is reduced in anaemic hypoxia?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২১.
Definite cyanosis appears whenever the arterial blood contains more than …. grams of deoxygenated hemoglobin in each 100 ml of blood?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Definite cyanosis appears whenever the arterial blood contains more than 5 grams of deoxygenated hemoglobin in each 100 ml of blood. A person with anemia almost never becomes cyanotic. Conversely, in a person with Polycythaemia vera frequently has cyanosis, even under otherwise normal conditions.
Definite cyanosis appears whenever the arterial blood contains more than 5 grams of deoxygenated hemoglobin in each 100 ml of blood. A person with anemia almost never becomes cyanotic. Conversely, in a person with Polycythaemia vera frequently has cyanosis, even under otherwise normal conditions.
২২.
O2-Hb dissociation curve becomes almost flat when PO2 becomes....mmHg?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২৩.
Which one is restrictive respiratory disease
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২৪.
Which organ receives most percentage of cardiac output from all of the following?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২৫.
Maximum % of total blood that can be removed with almost no effect on cardiac output?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
About 10% of the total blood volume can be removed with almost no effect on arterial pressure or cardiac output, but greater blood loss usually diminishes the cardiac output first and falls to zero when about 40% to 45% of the total blood volume has been removed.
About 10% of the total blood volume can be removed with almost no effect on arterial pressure or cardiac output, but greater blood loss usually diminishes the cardiac output first and falls to zero when about 40% to 45% of the total blood volume has been removed.
২৬.
Stages of shock excludes
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Stages of shock
• A nonprogressive stage (sometimes called the compensated stage)
• A progressive stage
• An irreversible stage
২৭.
Cardiac output is increased to highest limit in
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২৮.
Renin is derived from
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২৯.
Which limb is spared from lead placement in ECG?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
৩০.
Tall peaked P wave indicates hypertrophy of
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
'P' wave may become tall peaked or broad and bifid (notched)
Tall, peaked: right atrial hypertrophy
Bifid broad: left atrial hypertrophy
৩১.
Which is usually used to measure cardiac cycle length?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
The RR interval is the time between successive QRS complexes and is usually used to measure the cardiac cycle length (i.e. duration of ventricular cardiac cycle). RR interval is an indicator of ventricular rate.
The RR interval is the time between successive QRS complexes and is usually used to measure the cardiac cycle length (i.e. duration of ventricular cardiac cycle). RR interval is an indicator of ventricular rate.
৩২.
Heart rate may increase in
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Heart rate may decreases in the following conditions:
• In normal expiration
• Increased activity of baroreceptors
• Parasympathetic stimuli
• Fear
• In sleep
• Hypothyroidism
৩৩.
Pathological causes of sinus bradycardia exclude
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Pathological causes of sinus bradycardia
• Hypothermia
• Hypothyroidism
• Myocardial infraction
• Raised intracranial pressure
• Cholestatic jaundice
• Drugs (beta-blockers, digoxin, antiarrhythmic drugs)
৩৪.
Which of the following agents or changes has a negative inotropic effect on the heart?
ব্যাখ্যা
A negative inotropic effect is one that decreases myocardial contractility. Contractility is the ability to develop tension at a fixed muscle length. Factors that decrease contractility are those that decrease the intracellular [Ca2+]. Increasing heart rate increases intracellular [Ca2+] because more Ca2+ ions enter the cell during the plateau of each action potential. Sympathetic stimulation and norepinephrine increase intracellular [Ca2+] by increasing entry during the plateau and increasing the storage of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) [for later release]. Cardiac glycosides increase intracellular [Ca2+] by inhibiting the Na+–K+ pump, thereby inhibiting Na+–Ca2+ exchange (a mechanism that pumps Ca2+ out of the cell). Acetylcholine (ACh) has a negative inotropic effect on the atria.
৩৫.
The low-resistance pathways between myocardial cells that allow for the spread of action potentials are the
ব্যাখ্যা
The gap junctions occur at the intercalated disks between cells and are low-resistance sites of current spread.
৩৬.
Which of the following is the site of highest airway resistance?
ব্যাখ্যা
The medium-sized bronchi actually constitute the site of highest resistance along the bronchial tree. Although the small radii of the alveoli might predict that they would have the highest resistance, they do not because of their parallel arrangement. In fact, early changes in resistance in the small airways may be “silent” and go undetected because of their small overall contribution to resistance.