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স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স

পরীক্ষাস্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্সতারিখতারিখ অনির্ধারিতসময়30 minutes
মোট প্রশ্ন৩৬
সিলেবাস
Physiology-02 - Circulatory system - Cardiac cycle, E.C.G., Blood pressure, Cardiac out put, Physiology of shock, Regional circulation. Respiratory system - Lung function tests, Mechanism of rhythmic breathing, O2 and CO2 carriage, Regulation of respiration, Cyanosis and hypoxia.
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স

স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ৩৬ প্রশ্ন

.
VC+RV=?
  1. ক) IRV
  2. খ) ERV
  3. গ) TLC
  4. ঘ) FRC
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) TLC
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) TLC
.
Vasogenic shock excludes
  1. ক) Septic shock
  2. খ) Surgical shock
  3. গ) Neurogenic shock
  4. ঘ) Anaphylactic shock
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Surgical shock
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Surgical shock
.
Normal quiet breathing is accomplished almost entirely by movement of the
  1. ক) Diaphragm
  2. খ) Internal intercostal muscle
  3. গ) External intercostal muscle
  4. ঘ) Rectus abdominis
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Diaphragm
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Diaphragm
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 491
.
At a normal heart rate, the duration(second) of ventricular systole is
  1. ক) 0.1
  2. খ) 0.3
  3. গ) 0.5
  4. ঘ) 0.7
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 0.3
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 0.3
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
At a normal heart rate the duration of systole and diastole are:
Atrial systole: 0.1 second
Atrial diastole: 0.7 second
Ventricular systole: 0.3 second
Ventricular diastole: 0.5 second

.
The normal dead space air in a young man is about ... ml
  1. ক) 100
  2. খ) 150
  3. গ) 200
  4. ঘ) 250
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 150
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 150
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 498
.
Effect of exercise on cardiac output excludes
  1. ক) Positive chronotropism
  2. খ) Positive inotropism
  3. গ) Decrease venous return and thus stroke volume
  4. ঘ) Decrease in total peripheral resistance
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Decrease venous return and thus stroke volume
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Decrease venous return and thus stroke volume
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Effect of exercise on cardiac output
Exercise increase cardiac output and it is proportionate exercise intensity. The responses to exercise are:
• Positive chronotropism (i.e. increase heart rate)
• Positive inotropism (i.e. increase myocardial contractility)
• Increase venous return and thus stroke volume
• Decrease in total peripheral resistance

.
Maximum percentage of 02 is present in
  1. ক) Atmospheric air
  2. খ) Humidified air
  3. গ) Alveolar air
  4. ঘ) Expired air
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Atmospheric air
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Atmospheric air
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 513
.
Which is not a part of Respiratory Unit (also called respiratory lobule)
  1. ক) Principal bronchiole
  2. খ) Respiratory bronchiole
  3. গ) Atria
  4. ঘ) Alveoli
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Principal bronchiole
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Principal bronchiole
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 515
.
Pulmonary circulation
  1. ক) 7%
  2. খ) 9%
  3. গ) 13%
  4. ঘ) 16%
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 9%
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 9%
১০.
Utilization of O2 by tissues is reduced in which form of hypoxia?
  1. ক) Hypoxic
  2. খ) Anaemic
  3. গ) Stagnant
  4. ঘ) Histotoxic
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Histotoxic
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Histotoxic
১১.
A person with … frequently has cyanosis?
  1. ক) Anaemia
  2. খ) Leukaemia
  3. গ) Polycythaemia
  4. ঘ) Purpura
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Polycythaemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Polycythaemia
ব্যাখ্যা
Definite cyanosis appears whenever the arterial blood contains more than 5 grams of deoxygenated hemoglobin in each 100 ml of blood. A person with anemia almost never becomes cyanotic. Conversely, in a person with Polycythemia vera frequently has cyanosis, even under otherwise normal conditions.
১২.
Factors that shift 02-Hb dissociation curve to left
  1. ক) Increased pH
  2. খ) Increased CO2
  3. গ) Increased temperature
  4. ঘ) Increased BPG
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Increased pH
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Increased pH
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 526
১৩.
Maximum CO2 is transported as
  1. ক) Dissolved state
  2. খ) HCO3-
  3. গ) Hb-CO2
  4. ঘ) H2CO3
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) HCO3-
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) HCO3-
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 528
১৪.
Pulse pressure does not depend on
  1. ক) Age
  2. খ) Sex
  3. গ) Stroke volume
  4. ঘ) Arterial elastic constant
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Sex
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Sex
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Pulse pressure
Is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. Normal pulse pressure is 30 - 60 mm Hg (average 50 mm Hg).
Pulse pressure depends on three factors:
• Age
• Stroke volume
• Arterial elastic constant

১৫.
Obstructive pulmonary disease of upper respiratory tract
  1. ক) Asthma
  2. খ) Emphysema
  3. গ) Cystic fibrosis
  4. ঘ) Epiglottitis
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Epiglottitis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Epiglottitis
১৬.
The ultimate goal of respiration is to maintain proper concentrations of the following in the tissues except?
  1. ক) O2
  2. খ) CO2
  3. গ) NH3-
  4. ঘ) H+
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) NH3-
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) NH3-
ব্যাখ্যা
The ultimate goal of respiration is to maintain proper concentrations of O2, CO2 & H+
১৭.
Can be measured by spirometry
  1. ক) Vital capacity
  2. খ) Residual volume
  3. গ) Functional residual volume
  4. ঘ) Total lung capacity
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Vital capacity
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Vital capacity
ব্যাখ্যা
Volume, which cannot be measured by spirometry, is the residual volume. Capacities, which include residual volume also cannot be measured. Capacities that include residual volume are functional residual capacity and total lung capacity.
১৮.
Which are the major sites of resistance of circulation?
  1. ক) Arteries
  2. খ) Arterioles
  3. গ) Capillaries
  4. ঘ) Veins
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Arterioles
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Arterioles
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Arterioles are the major site of the resistance to blood flow. So, arterioles are the stop clocks of the circulation.
১৯.
O2 therapy is not useful in which form of hypoxia?
  1. ক) Hypoxic
  2. খ) Anaemic
  3. গ) Stagnant
  4. ঘ) Histotoxic
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Histotoxic
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Histotoxic
২০.
Which one is reduced in anaemic hypoxia?
  1. ক) PO2
  2. খ) O2 carrying capacity
  3. গ) Velocity of blood
  4. ঘ) Utilization of O2 by tissues
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) O2 carrying capacity
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) O2 carrying capacity
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২১.
Definite cyanosis appears whenever the arterial blood contains more than …. grams of deoxygenated hemoglobin in each 100 ml of blood?
  1. ক) 3
  2. খ) 4
  3. গ) 5
  4. ঘ) 7
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 5
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 5
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Definite cyanosis appears whenever the arterial blood contains more than 5 grams of deoxygenated hemoglobin in each 100 ml of blood. A person with anemia almost never becomes cyanotic. Conversely, in a person with Polycythaemia vera frequently has cyanosis, even under otherwise normal conditions.
২২.
O2-Hb dissociation curve becomes almost flat when PO2 becomes....mmHg?
  1. ক) 50
  2. খ) 70
  3. গ) 100
  4. ঘ) 140
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 100
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 100
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২৩.
Which one is restrictive respiratory disease
  1. ক) Asthma
  2. খ) Poliomyelitis
  3. গ) Chronic bronchitis
  4. ঘ) Emphysema
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Poliomyelitis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Poliomyelitis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২৪.
Which organ receives most percentage of cardiac output from all of the following?
  1. ক) Kidney
  2. খ) Adrenal gland
  3. গ) Thyroid gland
  4. ঘ) Brain
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Kidney
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Kidney
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২৫.
Maximum % of total blood that can be removed with almost no effect on cardiac output?
  1. ক) 5
  2. খ) 10
  3. গ) 15
  4. ঘ) 20
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 10
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 10
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
About 10% of the total blood volume can be removed with almost no effect on arterial pressure or cardiac output, but greater blood loss usually diminishes the cardiac output first and falls to zero when about 40% to 45% of the total blood volume has been removed.
২৬.
Stages of shock excludes
  1. ক) Non progressive
  2. খ) Progressive
  3. গ) Indefinite
  4. ঘ) Irreversible
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Indefinite
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Indefinite
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Stages of shock
• A nonprogressive stage (sometimes called the compensated stage)
• A progressive stage
• An irreversible stage

২৭.
Cardiac output is increased to highest limit in
  1. ক) Beriberi
  2. খ) Anaemia
  3. গ) MI
  4. ঘ) Cardiac shock
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Beriberi
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Beriberi
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২৮.
Renin is derived from
  1. ক) Kidney
  2. খ) Liver
  3. গ) Lung
  4. ঘ) Adrenal gland
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Kidney
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Kidney
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২৯.
Which limb is spared from lead placement in ECG?
  1. ক) RA
  2. খ) RL
  3. গ) LA
  4. ঘ) LL
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) RL
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) RL
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
৩০.
Tall peaked P wave indicates hypertrophy of
  1. ক) Left atrium
  2. খ) Right atrium
  3. গ) Left ventricle
  4. ঘ) Right ventricle
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Right atrium
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Right atrium
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
'P' wave may become tall peaked or broad and bifid (notched)
Tall, peaked: right atrial hypertrophy
Bifid broad: left atrial hypertrophy

৩১.
Which is usually used to measure cardiac cycle length?
  1. ক) PR interval
  2. খ) QRS complex
  3. গ) ST segment
  4. ঘ) RR interval
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) RR interval
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) RR interval
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
The RR interval is the time between successive QRS complexes and is usually used to measure the cardiac cycle length (i.e. duration of ventricular cardiac cycle). RR interval is an indicator of ventricular rate.
৩২.
Heart rate may increase in
  1. ক) Parasympathetic stimuli
  2. খ) Fear
  3. গ) In sleep
  4. ঘ) Hyperthyroidism
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Hyperthyroidism
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Hyperthyroidism
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Heart rate may decreases in the following conditions:
• In normal expiration
• Increased activity of baroreceptors
• Parasympathetic stimuli
• Fear
• In sleep
• Hypothyroidism

৩৩.
Pathological causes of sinus bradycardia exclude
  1. ক) Pregnancy
  2. খ) Hypothyroidism
  3. গ) Myocardial infraction
  4. ঘ) Raised intracranial pressure
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Pregnancy
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Pregnancy
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Pathological causes of sinus bradycardia
• Hypothermia
• Hypothyroidism
• Myocardial infraction
• Raised intracranial pressure
• Cholestatic jaundice
• Drugs (beta-blockers, digoxin, antiarrhythmic drugs)

৩৪.
Which of the following agents or changes has a negative inotropic effect on the heart?
  1. ক) Increased heart rate
  2. খ) Sympathetic stimulation
  3. গ) Norepinephrine
  4. ঘ) Acetylcholine (ACh)
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Acetylcholine (ACh)
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Acetylcholine (ACh)
ব্যাখ্যা
A negative inotropic effect is one that decreases myocardial contractility. Contractility is the ability to develop tension at a fixed muscle length. Factors that decrease contractility are those that decrease the intracellular [Ca2+]. Increasing heart rate increases intracellular [Ca2+] because more Ca2+ ions enter the cell during the plateau of each action potential. Sympathetic stimulation and norepinephrine increase intracellular [Ca2+] by increasing entry during the plateau and increasing the storage of Ca2+ by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) [for later release]. Cardiac glycosides increase intracellular [Ca2+] by inhibiting the Na+–K+ pump, thereby inhibiting Na+–Ca2+ exchange (a mechanism that pumps Ca2+ out of the cell). Acetylcholine (ACh) has a negative inotropic effect on the atria.
৩৫.
The low-resistance pathways between myocardial cells that allow for the spread of action potentials are the
  1. ক) Gap junctions
  2. খ) T tubules
  3. গ) Sarcoplasmic reticulum
  4. ঘ) Intercalated disks
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Gap junctions
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Gap junctions
ব্যাখ্যা
The gap junctions occur at the intercalated disks between cells and are low-resistance sites of current spread.
৩৬.
Which of the following is the site of highest airway resistance?
  1. ক) Trachea
  2. খ) Largest bronchi
  3. গ) Medium-sized bronchi
  4. ঘ) Smallest bronchi
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Medium-sized bronchi
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Medium-sized bronchi
ব্যাখ্যা
The medium-sized bronchi actually constitute the site of highest resistance along the bronchial tree. Although the small radii of the alveoli might predict that they would have the highest resistance, they do not because of their parallel arrangement. In fact, early changes in resistance in the small airways may be “silent” and go undetected because of their small overall contribution to resistance.