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Profit & Loss, Chain Rule [ব্যাংকের সকল পরীক্ষা যেকোনো প্যাকেজের জন্য ফ্রি]
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ব্যাংক নিয়োগ প্রস্তুতি ⎯ লং কোর্স

ব্যাংক নিয়োগ প্রস্তুতি ⎯ লং কোর্স · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ২৩ প্রশ্ন

১.
A shopkeeper fixes the marked price of an item 35% above its cost price. The percentage of discount allowed to gain 8% is = ?
  1. ক
    ক) 20%
  2. খ
    খ) 27%
  3. গ
    গ) 31%
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 43%
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) 20%
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) 20%
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Let C.P.=Tk. 100 
Then, 
 M.P. = Tk. 135,
S.P. =Tk.108
∴Discount %  =(27/135 ×100)% =20%

২.
If a man estimates his loss as 20% of the selling price, then his loss percent is = ?
  1. ক
    ক) 20/3%
  2. খ
    খ) 25/3%
  3. গ
    গ) 40/3%
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 50/3 %
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) 50/3 %
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) 50/3 %
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

According to the question,
Loss = 20% Selling price
i.e.
Loss/ Selling price = 1/5
∴ Cost price = Selling price + Loss
= 5 + 1
= 6
∴Loss%=1/6 ×100=50/3%

৩.
A man bought oranges at the rate of 8 for Tk. 34 and sold them at the rate of 12 for Tk. 57. How many oranges should be sold to earn a net profit of Tk. 45?
  1. ক
    ক) 90
  2. খ
    খ) 99
  3. গ
    গ) 190
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 150
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) 90
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) 90
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

CP of 1 orange
= Tk.34/8
= Tk.4.25
SP of 1 orange
=Tk. 57/12
=Tk.4.75
Profit on each apple = (4.75 - 4.25) = Tk. 0.50
∴ Number of apples required
= 45/ 0.50
=90

৪.
A house worth Tk. 150000 is sold by X at a 5% profit to Y, Y sells the house back to X at a 2% loss. Then find profit and loss in the entire transaction = ?
  1. ক
    ক) X gains Tk. 3250
  2. খ
    খ) X loses Tk. 3250
  3. গ
    গ) X gains Tk. 3150
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) X loses Tk. 3150
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) X gains Tk. 3150
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) X gains Tk. 3150
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Money spent by X = Tk. 150000
Money received by X = 105% of Tk. 150000 = Tk. 157500
C.P. to X = 98% of Tk. 157500 = Tk. 154350
∴ X gains Tk. (157500 - 154350) = Tk. 3150

৫.
List price of a book is Tk. 100. A dealer sells three such books for Tk. 274.50 after allowing discount at a certain rate, find the rate of discount = ?
  1. ক
    ক) 8.33%
  2. খ
    খ) 8.16%
  3. গ
    গ) 8.50%
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 8.34%
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 8.50%
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 8.50%
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Given,
= MRP of book = Tk. 100
= Selling price of 3 books = Tk. 274.50
= Selling price of 1 book = Tk. 91.50
Discount on each book
= 100 - 91.50 = Tk. 8.50
Therefore discount %
=8.50/100×100%
=8.50%

৬.
Prateek sold a music system to Karthik at 20% gain and karthik sold it to Swastik at 40% gain. If Swastik paid Tk. 10500 for the music system, What amount did Prateek pay for the same?
  1. ক
    ক) Tk. 6250
  2. খ
    খ) Tk. 7200
  3. গ
    গ) Tk. 8240
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cannot be determined
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Tk. 6250
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Tk. 6250
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Let the price paid by Prateek be Tk. x
Then,
140% of 120% of x=10500
⇒(140/100)×(120/100)×x=10500
⇒ x=(10500×25/42)=6250

৭.
A shopkeeper earns a profit of 12% on selling a book at 10% discount on the printed price. The ratio of the cost price and the printed price of the book is = ?
  1. ক
    ক) 99 : 56
  2. খ
    খ) 25 : 56
  3. গ
    গ) 45 : 61
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 45 : 56
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) 45 : 56
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) 45 : 56
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

According to the question,
Cost Price : Marked Price
(100 - Discount) : (100 + Profit)
100 - 10 : 100 + 12
90 : 112
45 : 56

৮.
Rokeya bought 30 kg of wheat at the rate of Tk. 9.50 per kg and 40 kg of wheat at the rate of Tk. 8.50 per kg and mixed them. She sold the mixture at the rate of Tk. 8.90 per kg. Her total profit or loss in the transaction was -
  1. ক
    ক) Tk. 2 loss
  2. খ
    খ) Tk. 2 profit
  3. গ
    গ) Tk. 7 loss
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Tk. 7 profit
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Tk. 2 loss
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Tk. 2 loss
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

C.P. of 70 kg wheat
= Tk. (30 × 9.50 + 40 × 8.50)
= Tk. (285 + 340)
= Tk. 625
S.P. of 70 kg wheat
= Tk. (70 × 8.90)
= Tk. 623
∴ Loss = Tk. (625 - 623) = Tk. 2

৯.
A book vendor sold a book at loss of 10%. Had he sold it for Tk. 108 more, he would have earned a profit of 10%. Find the cost of the book = ?
  1. ক
    ক) Tk. 442
  2. খ
    খ) Tk. 540
  3. গ
    গ) Tk. 648
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Tk. 740
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Tk. 540
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Tk. 540
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Given loss = 10% profit = 10%
Difference of overall profit and loss = 10 - (-10) = 20%
20% of cp = sp
20/ 100×cp = 108
20 × cp = 108 × 100
cp = 10800/20
∴ cp = 540

১০.
A fruit seller sells mangoes at the rate of Tk. 9 per kg and thereby loses 20%. At what price per kg, he should have sold, them to make a profit of 5%?
  1. ক
    ক) Tk. 11.81
  2. খ
    খ) Tk. 12.81
  3. গ
    গ) Tk. 12.25
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Tk. 12.31
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Tk. 11.81
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Tk. 11.81
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Let the new S.P. be Tk. x
Then,80:9=105:x
⇒x=(9×105/ 80)=11.81

১১.
A man wanted to sell an article with 20% profit: but he actually sold at 20% loss for Tk. 480, at what price he wanted to sell it to earn the profit = ?
  1. ক
    ক) Tk 720
  2. খ
    খ) Tk. 840
  3. গ
    গ) Tk. 600
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Tk. 750
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Tk 720
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Tk 720
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

According to the question,
Loss 20%
Selling price
=100%−20=80%    
80%=480
1=480/80
∴(Profit 20%) = 480/ 80 ×120    
=Tk. 720

১২.
A trader buys some goods for Tk. 150. If the overhead expenses be 12% of cost price, then at what price should it be sold to earn 10%?
  1. ক
    ক) 184.80
  2. খ
    খ) 185.80
  3. গ
    গ) 187.80
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 188.80
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) 184.80
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) 184.80
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Total C.P. = Cost + Overhead Expenses
= Tk. (150 + 12% of 150)
= Tk. (150 + 18)
= Tk. 168
∴S.P.=Tk.(110/100×168)=Tk. 184.80

১৩.
A total profit of Tk. 3,600 is to be distributed amongst A, B and C such that A : B = 5 : 4 and B : C = 8 : 9. The share of C in the profit is:
  1. ক
    ক) 1,200
  2. খ
    খ) 1,500
  3. গ
    গ) 1,650
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 1,700
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) 1,200
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) 1,200
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

A Total Profit = Tk 3600
Profit ratio,
A : B = 5 : 4
B : C = 8 : 9
As B is common in both ratio, we make B equal in both ratio by multiplying One B in another.
A : B = 5 : 4 × 8
B : C = 8 × 4 : 9
So, ratio of
A : B : C = 40 : 32 : 36 = 10 : 8 : 9
Now,
C shares in profit = (3600×9)/27
= Tk 1200

১৪.
A person having bought goods for Tk 400 sells half of it at a gain of 5%, at what gain % must he sell the remainder so as to gain 20% on the whole?
  1. ক
    ক) 32%
  2. খ
    খ) 33%
  3. গ
    গ) 34%
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 35%
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) 35%
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) 35%
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

To gain 20% on whole he must sell all good for,
400 + 20% of 400 = 480
As he get 5% gain on half of the goods i.e.
200 + 5% of 200 = 210
So required balance = 480 - 210 = 270
He must gain Tk. 70 on rest Tk. 200
% gain on remainder goods =(70×100)/200 = 35%

১৫.
A bicycle marked at Tk. 2,000, is sold with two successive discount of 20% and 10%.An additional discount of 5% is offered for cash payment. The selling price of the bicycle at cash payment is:
  1. ক
    ক) 1,268
  2. খ
    খ) 1,368
  3. গ
    গ) 1,468
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 1,568
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) 1,368
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) 1,368
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Marked Price = 2000
SP after first Discount of 20% = 2000 - 20% of 2000 = 1600
SP after second Discount of 10% = 1600 - 10% of 1600 = 1440
Now, the final selling price at cash = 1440 - 5% of 1440 = Tk. 1368

১৬.
A trader mixes 26 kg of rice at Tk. 20 per kg with 30 kg of rice of other variety at Tk. 36 per kg and sells the mixture at Tk. 30 per kg. His profit percent is:
  1. ক
    ক) 2%
  2. খ
    খ) 5%
  3. গ
    গ) 7%
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 10%
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) 5%
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) 5%
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

C.P. of 56 kg rice = (26 x 20 + 30 x 36)
=(520 + 1080)
=1600.
S.P. of 56 kg rice = (56 x 30)
= 1680.
Gain = 80x100% = 5%.

১৭.
A shopkeeper expects a gain of 22.5% on his cost price. If in a week, his sale was of Tk 392, what was his profit?
  1. ক
    ক) 62
  2. খ
    খ) 70
  3. গ
    গ) 72
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 76
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 72
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 72
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

C.P. = (100/122.5)x 392
=  (1000/1225)x 392
= 320
Profit = (392 - 320) = 72.

১৮.
A rope makes 70 rounds of the circumference of a cylinder whose radius of the base is 14 cm. How many times can it go round a cylinder with radius 20 cm?
  1. ক
    ক) 39
  2. খ
    খ) 49
  3. গ
    গ) 59
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 69
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) 49
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) 49
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Let the required number of rounds be x
More radius, Less rounds (Indirect proportion)
∴ 20:14::70:x
⇔(20×x)=(14×70)
⇔ x= (14×70)/ 20
⇔ x=49

১৯.
A wall of 100 meters can be built by 7 men or 10 women in 10 days. How many days will 14 men and 20 women take to build a wall of 600 metres?
  1. ক
    ক) 15
  2. খ
    খ) 16
  3. গ
    গ) 17
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 20
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) 15
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) 15
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Let the required number of days be x
7 men = 10 women
(14 men and 20 women) = (20 + 20) women = 40 women
More length, More days (Direct proportion)
More women, Less days (Indirect proportion)
Length 100:600 & Women 40:10} :: 10:x
∴ 100×40×x = 600×10×10
⇔ x = (600×10×10)(100×40)
⇔ x = 15

২০.
3 pumps, working 8 hours a day, can empty a tank in 2 days. How many hours a day must 4 pumps work to empty the tank in 1 day?
  1. ক
    ক) 10
  2. খ
    খ) 11
  3. গ
    গ) 12
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 13
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 12
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 12
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Let the required number of working hours per day be x
More pumps, Less working hours per day (Indirect proportion)
Less days, More working hours per day (Indirect proportion)
Pumps 4:3 & Days 1:2 } :: 8:x
∴ 4×1×x = 3×2×8
⇔ x = (3×2×8)/(4)
⇔ x = 12

২১.
A man completes 5/8 of a job in 10 days. At this rate, how many more days will it takes him to finish the job?
  1. ক
    ক) 5
  2. খ
    খ) 6
  3. গ
    গ) 7
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 8
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) 6
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) 6
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Work done = 5/8
Balance work =(1 - 5/8) = 3/8
Let the required number of days be x.
Then,(5/8 : 3/8)= :: 10 : x ⇔ 5/8 × x = 3/8 × 10
x = 3/8 × 10 × 8/5
⇒ x = 6.

২২.
In a hostel, Food was available for 2000 students for 54 days, but after 15 days more students joined hostel and food lasts only for 20 more days. Determine how many students came in hostel?
  1. ক
    ক) 1650
  2. খ
    খ) 1700
  3. গ
    গ) 1900
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 2100
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 1900
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 1900
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

As it is given that food is there for 54 days for 2000 students,
But after 15 days, remaining food was sufficient for 2000 students for 39 days only ( as 54-15 = 39 )
Let x number of students came in hostel after 15 days,
=> Total number of students after 15 days = 2000 + x
=> Remaining food was enough for (2000 + x) students for 20 days
So here is indirect proportion, as more people and less food
=> 2000 : ( 2000 + x ) :: 20 : 39
=> 2000× 39 = (2000 + x )× 20
=> 3900 = 2000 + x
=> x = 3900 - 2000
=> x = 1900

২৩.
A wheel that has 6 cogs is meshed with a larger wheel of 14 cogs. When the smaller wheel has made 21 revolutions, then the number of revolutions made by the larger wheel is:
  1. ক
    ক) 8
  2. খ
    খ) 9
  3. গ
    গ) 10
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 11
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) 9
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) 9
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Let the required number of revolutions made by larger wheel be x.
Then, More cogs, Less revolutions (Indirect Proportion)
14 : 6 :: 21 : x
or, 14 x x = 6 x 21
or, x = (6 x 21)/14
so, x = 9.