পরীক্ষা আর্কাইভ

স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স

পরীক্ষাস্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্সতারিখতারিখ অনির্ধারিতসময়30 minutes
মোট প্রশ্ন৩১
সিলেবাস
Physiology-03 - Digestion, Metabolism and Nutrition. Kidney and body fluid - Mechanism of urine formation and concentration, Renal circulation, Renal function tests, Regulation of body fluids.
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স

স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য) - লং কোর্স · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ৩১ প্রশ্ন

.
Urine volume can be as low as ... L/day in a dehydrated person?
  1. 0.5
  2. 1.0
  3. 1.5
  4. 2.0
সঠিক উত্তর:
0.5
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
0.5
ব্যাখ্যা
306

Urine volume can be as low as 0.5 L/day in a dehydrated person or as high as 20 L/day in a person who has been drinking tremendous amounts of water.

.
What is the basic differentiating point between plasma & ISF in case of composition?
  1. Cations
  2. Anions
  3. Protein
  4. Phospholipid
সঠিক উত্তর:
Protein
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Protein
ব্যাখ্যা
Interstitial fluid is three-fourths of the ECF. Thus, it is one-fourth of TBW. The composition of interstitial fluid is the same as that of plasma except that it has little protein. Thus, interstitial fluid is an ultrafiltrate of plasma.
.
Which is not a part of JG apparatus?
  1. Macula densa
  2. Bowmens capsule
  3. Extraglomerular mesangial cells
  4. Juxtaglomerular cells
সঠিক উত্তর:
Bowmens capsule
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Bowmens capsule
ব্যাখ্যা

Juxtaglomerular apparatus is formed by three different structures
• Macula densa
• Extraglomerular mesangial cells
• Juxtaglomerular cells

.
The average blood volume of adults is about ... of body weight?
  1. 5%
  2. 7%
  3. 9%
  4. 10%
সঠিক উত্তর:
7%
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
7%
ব্যাখ্যা
The average blood volume of adults is about 7% of body weight, or about 5 litres. About 60% of the blood is plasma and 40% is red blood cells, but these percentages can vary considerably in different people, depending on sex, weight, and other factors.
.
Blood is detected in urine by
  1. Orthotolidine test
  2. Rotheras test
  3. Hay surface tension test
  4. Fouchers test
সঠিক উত্তর:
Orthotolidine test
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Orthotolidine test
ব্যাখ্যা
Orthotolidine test is used to detect blood in urine.
.
Which step of urine formation occurs in glomerulus
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Tubular reabsorption
  3. Tubular secretion
  4. All
সঠিক উত্তর:
Glomerular filtration
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Glomerular filtration
ব্যাখ্যা

Steps of urine formation
• Glomerular filtration
• Tubular reabsorption
• Tubular secretion.
Among these three processes filtration is the function of the glomerulus. Reabsorption and secretion are the functions of tubular portion of the nephron.

.
Secretion of which of the following substances is inhibited by low pH?
  1. Secretin
  2. Gastrin
  3. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
  4. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
সঠিক উত্তর:
Gastrin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Gastrin
ব্যাখ্যা
Gastrin’s principal physiologic action is to increase H+ secretion. H+ secretion decreases the pH of the stomach contents. The decreased pH, in turn, inhibits further secretion of gastrin—a classic example of negative feedback.
.
Kidney synthesize glucose by the process of
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Glycogenesis
  3. Gluconeogenesis
  4. Glucogenesis
সঠিক উত্তর:
Gluconeogenesis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Gluconeogenesis
ব্যাখ্যা
The kidneys synthesize glucose from amino acids and other precursors during prolonged fasting, a process referred to as gluconeogenesis. The kidneys’ capacity to add glucose to the blood during prolonged periods of fasting rivals that of the liver.
.
About what % of human body is fluid?
  1. 40%
  2. 60%
  3. 50 %
  4. 65 %
সঠিক উত্তর:
60%
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
60%
ব্যাখ্যা
60% of TBW is fluid where 40% is ICF & 20 is ECF
১০.
Net filtration pressure in glomerulas (mmHg)
  1. 10
  2. 18
  3. 32
  4. 60
সঠিক উত্তর:
10
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
10
১১.
To maintain normal H+ balance, total daily excretion of H+ should equal the daily
  1. Fixed acid production plus fixed acid ingestion
  2. HCO3− excretion
  3. HCO3− filtered load
  4. Titratable acid excretion
সঠিক উত্তর:
Fixed acid production plus fixed acid ingestion
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Fixed acid production plus fixed acid ingestion
ব্যাখ্যা
Total daily production of fixed H+ from catabolism of proteins and phospholipids (plus any additional fixed H+ that is ingested) must be matched by the sum of excretion of H+ as titratable acid plus NH4+ to maintain acid–base balance.
১২.
What is the normal value of fluid (ml) we get from metabolism?
  1. 100
  2. 200
  3. 350
  4. 500
সঠিক উত্তর:
200
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
200
১৩.
Clearance rate is maximum for
  1. Glucose
  2. Creatinine
  3. Sodium
  4. Inulin
সঠিক উত্তর:
Creatinine
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Creatinine
১৪.
Which part of renal tubule is never permeable to water?
  1. PCT
  2. Thin descending limb
  3. Thin ascending limb
  4. DCT
সঠিক উত্তর:
Thin ascending limb
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Thin ascending limb
১৫.
What is the value of renal plasma flow (ml/min)?
  1. 1
  2. 125
  3. 500
  4. 625
সঠিক উত্তর:
625
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
625
১৬.
Maximum calories (/g) is derived from
  1. Carbohydrate
  2. Protein
  3. Lipid
  4. Alcohol
সঠিক উত্তর:
Lipid
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Lipid
১৭.
Ptyalin is required in digestion of
  1. Carbohydrate
  2. Protein
  3. Lipid
  4. Minerals
সঠিক উত্তর:
Carbohydrate
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Carbohydrate
১৮.
Secretion from which part of GIT lacks digestive enzyme
  1. Mouth
  2. Stomach
  3. Small intestine
  4. Large intestine
সঠিক উত্তর:
Large intestine
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Large intestine
১৯.
Water content is least in
  1. Saliva
  2. Gastric juice
  3. Liver bile
  4. Gallbladder bile
সঠিক উত্তর:
Gallbladder bile
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Gallbladder bile
২০.
Which one is acidic?
  1. Gastric secretion
  2. Succcus entericus
  3. Liver bile
  4. Gallbladder bile
সঠিক উত্তর:
Gastric secretion
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Gastric secretion
২১.
Accessory digestive organs excludes
  1. Teeth
  2. Tongue
  3. Mouth
  4. Salivary glands
সঠিক উত্তর:
Mouth
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Mouth
ব্যাখ্যা

Accessory digestive organs are those which help primary digestive organs in the process of digestion. Accessory digestive organs are:
• Teeth
• Tongue
• Salivary glands
• Exocrine part of pancreas
• Liver
• Gallbladder

২২.
Xerostomia means
  1. Dry mouth
  2. Wet mouth
  3. Excessive salivation
  4. Absence of HCl
সঠিক উত্তর:
Dry mouth
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Dry mouth
ব্যাখ্যা
Xerostomia means dry mouth. It is also called pasties or cottonmouth. It is due to hyposalivation or absence of salivary secretion (aptyalism).
২৩.
Pepsinogen is activated by
  1. HCl
  2. Enterokinase
  3. Intrinsic factor of castle
  4. Trypsin
সঠিক উত্তর:
HCl
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
HCl
ব্যাখ্যা
Pepsin is secreted as inactive pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin by hydrochloric acid. Optimum pH for activation of pepsinogen is below 6.
২৪.
Absence of intrinsic factor of castle may lead to
  1. Iron deficiency anaemia
  2. Pernicious anaemia
  3. Haemolytic anaemia
  4. Sideroblastic anaemia
সঠিক উত্তর:
Pernicious anaemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Pernicious anaemia
ব্যাখ্যা
Intrinsic factor of Castle, secreted by parietal cells of gastric glands plays an important role in erythropoiesis. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 (which is called extrinsic factor) from GI tract into the blood. Vitamin B12 is an important maturation factor during erythropoiesis. Absence of intrinsic factor in gastric juice causes deficiency of vitamin B12, leading to pernicious anaemia.
২৫.
Factor stimulating the Secretion of Hydrochloric Acid
  1. Gastrin
  2. Secretin
  3. Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
  4. Peptide YY
সঠিক উত্তর:
Gastrin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Gastrin
ব্যাখ্যা

Factors Stimulating the Secretion of Hydrochloric Acid
• Gastrin
• Histamine
• Vagal stimulation

Factors Inhibiting the Secretion of Hydrochloric Acid
• Secretin
• Gastric inhibitory polypeptide
• Peptide YY

২৬.
Source of Pepsinogen
  1. Chief cell
  2. Parietal cell
  3. G cell
  4. EC cell
সঠিক উত্তর:
Chief cell
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Chief cell
ব্যাখ্যা
Pepsinogen is synthesized from amino acids in the ribosomes attached to endoplasmic reticulum in chief cells. Pepsinogen molecules are packed into zymogen granules by Golgi apparatus. When zymogen granule is secreted into stomach from chief cells, the granule is dissolved and Pepsinogen is released into gastric juice. Pepsinogen is activated into pepsin by hydrochloric acid.
২৭.
Which of the following substances is released from neurons in the GI tract and produces smooth muscle relaxation?
  1. Secretin
  2. Gastrin
  3. Cholecystokinin (CCK)
  4. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
সঠিক উত্তর:
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
ব্যাখ্যা
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a gastrointestinal (GI) neurocrine that causes relaxation of GI smooth muscle. For example, VIP mediates the relaxation response of the lower esophageal sphincter when a bolus of food approaches it, allowing passage of the bolus into the stomach.
২৮.
Which of the following is the site of secretion of intrinsic factor?
  1. Gastric antrum
  2. Gastric fundus
  3. Duodenum
  4. Ileum
সঠিক উত্তর:
Gastric fundus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Gastric fundus
ব্যাখ্যা
Intrinsic factor is secreted by the parietal cells of the gastric fundus (as is HCl). It is absorbed, with vitamin B12, in the ileum.
২৯.
Uric acid is the metabolic waste product of
  1. Protein
  2. Neuclic acid
  3. Creatine
  4. Haemoglobin
সঠিক উত্তর:
Neuclic acid
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Neuclic acid
ব্যাখ্যা

Important waste products excreted by kidneys
Urea from protein
Uric acid from nucleic acids
Creatinine from muscle creatine
Bilirubin from Hemoglobin breakdown

৩০.
Specific gravity of urine is low in
  1. DM
  2. DI
  3. CRF
  4. AKI
সঠিক উত্তর:
DI
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
DI
ব্যাখ্যা
Specific gravity of urine is the measure of dissolved solutes (particles) in urine. It is low in diabetes insipidus and high in diabetes mellitus, acute renal failure and excess medications.
৩১.
Digestion of proteins starts in
  1. Mouth
  2. Stomach
  3. Small intestine
  4. Large intestine
সঠিক উত্তর:
Stomach
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Stomach
ব্যাখ্যা
Digestion of proteins does not occur in mouth, since saliva does not contain any proteolytic enzymes. So, the digestion of proteins starts only in stomach