লগ ইননিবন্ধন
পরীক্ষা আর্কাইভ

৪৯তম বিসিএস ⎯ খাদ্য ও পুষ্টি [৬৬১]

পরীক্ষা৪৯তম বিসিএস ⎯ খাদ্য ও পুষ্টি [৬৬১]তারিখতারিখ অনির্ধারিতসময়15 minutes
মোট প্রশ্ন৩০
সিলেবাস
Exam 1 Definition of Nutrition, Health and Malnutrition: i) Relation of nutrition and health. ii) Major nutritional problems of Bangladesh-PEM, micronutrient malnutrition. iii) Classification and functions of nutrients. [Source: Class-1 and relevant books]
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

৪৯তম বিসিএস ⎯ খাদ্য ও পুষ্টি [৬৬১]

৪৯তম বিসিএস ⎯ খাদ্য ও পুষ্টি [৬৬১] · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ৩০ প্রশ্ন

১.
Which of the following is NOT a form of malnutrition?
  1. ক
    Wasting
  2. খ
    Stunting
  3. গ
    Overnutrition
  4. ঘ
    Balanced nutrition
ব্যাখ্যা

Malnutrition refers to deficiencies or excesses in nutrient intake, imbalance of essential nutrients or impaired nutrient utilization. So wasting, stunting, overnutrition are forms of malnutrition.

২.
The mineral found in hemoglobin is called as-
  1. ক
    Sodium
  2. খ
    protein
  3. গ
    Calcium
  4. ঘ
    None of the above
ব্যাখ্যা

Hemoglobin is the protein that makes blood red.

৩.
Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is primarily caused by:
  1. ক
    Excessive intake of vitamins
  2. খ
    Deficiency of protein and energy
  3. গ
    Excess intake of minerals
  4. ঘ
    Deficiency of water
ব্যাখ্যা

Malnutrition refers to deficiencies or excesses in nutrient intake, imbalance of essential nutrients or impaired nutrient utilization.

৪.
Night blindness is a symptom of which vitamin deficiency?
  1. ক
    Vitamin C
  2. খ
    Vitamin B
  3. গ
    Vitamin K
  4. ঘ
    Vitamin A
ব্যাখ্যা

Vitamin A deficiency occurs when the body doesn't get enough vitamin A, leading to various health issues, including vision problems, increased susceptibility to infections, and impaired growth. Deficiency can lead to night blindness (nyctalopia), dry eyes, and potentially blinding xerophthalmia, as well as increased susceptibility to infections and developmental issues in children. Excess vitamin A, also known as vitamin A toxicity, can cause increased intracranial pressure, vomiting, and potentially coma and death

৫.
Which of the following is a consequence of overnutrition?
  1. ক
    Stunting
  2. খ
    Wasting
  3. গ
    Obesity
  4. ঘ
    Kwashiorkor
ব্যাখ্যা

Overnutrition is a form of malmutrition too. It causes obesity.

৬.
Rickets, is caused by a deficiency of-
  1. ক
    Vitamin A
  2. খ
    Vitamin B12
  3. গ
    Vitamin D
  4. ঘ
    Folic acid
ব্যাখ্যা

Vitamin D deficiency can lead to a loss of bone density, which can contribute to osteoporosis and fractures (broken bones). Severe vitamin D deficiency can also lead to other diseases: In children, it can cause rickets. Rickets is a rare disease that causes the bones to become soft and bend.

৭.
Vitamin A is an example of a
  1. ক
    water soluble vitamin
  2. খ
    fat soluble vitamin
  3. গ
    Trace element
  4. ঘ
    macro mineral
ব্যাখ্যা

Vitamins are classified into two types by solubility: 1. fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and 2. water-soluble (B vitamins and C). Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed with fat

৮.
What condition is associated with a deficiency of vitamin C?
  1. ক
    Scurvy
  2. খ
    Xeropthalmia
  3. গ
    Rickets
  4. ঘ
    Beri-beri
ব্যাখ্যা
Severe deficiency of Vit-C, called scurvy, causes bruising, gum and dental problems, dry hair and skin, and anemia.
৯.
The major components of food-
  1. ক
    Dietary fibre
  2. খ
    Pulses
  3. গ
    oil seeds
  4. ঘ
    fabric
ব্যাখ্যা

Dietary fibre is a complex carbohydrate which is crucial for overall health and preventing various diseases.

১০.
Which one of the following foods does not contain retinol?
  1. ক
    Liver
  2. খ
    Milk
  3. গ
    small fish
  4. ঘ
    nuts
ব্যাখ্যা

Retinol rich foods are liver,eggs, dairy products like milk,cheese and yogurt.

১১.
The disaccharide sucrose consists of which two monosaccharides?
  1. ক
    Glucose and galactose
  2. খ
    Glucose and fructose
  3. গ
    Glucose and lactose
  4. ঘ
    Fructose and galactose
ব্যাখ্যা
A disaccharide is a type of carbohydrate formed when two monosaccharides are chemically bonded together through a glycosidic bond. E.g: sucrose (table sugar, made of glucose and fructose), lactose (milk sugar, made of glucose and galactose), and maltose (malt sugar, made of two glucose molecules).
১২.
which is not a method of nutritional assessment using anthropometry?
  1. ক
    skin fold thickness
  2. খ
    waist circumference
  3. গ
    blood pressure
  4. ঘ
    mid upper arm circumference
ব্যাখ্যা

Blood pressure is a measurement of the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood throughout your body.

১৩.
Which of the following diseases can be detected by clinical assessment?
  1. ক
    goiter
  2. খ
    anemia
  3. গ
    scurvy
  4. ঘ
    all of the above
ব্যাখ্যা

A clinical assessment is a comprehensive process where healthcare professionals gather information about a person's physical and mental health, behavior, and functioning using various methods like interviews, observations, tests, and examinations to establish a diagnosis and inform treatment planning. 

১৪.
____ functions in carbohydrate metabolism
  1. ক
    Zinc
  2. খ
    Riboflavin
  3. গ
    Thiamin
  4. ঘ
    Vitamin K
ব্যাখ্যা
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) functions to help convert carbohydrates from food into energy for the brain, nerves, and heart. It supports the proper functioning of the nervous, muscular, and cardiac systems, and plays a role in neurotransmitter synthesis.
১৫.
How many cups of water do humans require per day?
  1. ক
    1 to 3
  2. খ
    5 to 9
  3. গ
    9 to 10
  4. ঘ
    7 to 11
ব্যাখ্যা
Water is very essential for human body. It helps-
1. Temperature Regulation
2. Joint Lubrication
3. Organ Protection
4. Nutrient and Oxygen Transport
5. Waste Removal
6. Digestive Aid
7. Skin and Hair Health
8. Chemical Reactions
১৬.
Which micromineral is essential for the production of the thyroid hormones?
  1. ক
    calcium
  2. খ
    fluorine
  3. গ
    iodine
  4. ঘ
    magnesium
ব্যাখ্যা
Iodine is an essential nutrient the thyroid gland needs to produce thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and development.
১৭.
RDA stands for Recommended ____ Allowances.
  1. ক
    Dose
  2. খ
    Dairy
  3. গ
    Dietary
  4. ঘ
    D-vitamin
ব্যাখ্যা
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the average daily intake level of a nutrient that is sufficient to meet the needs of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in a specific life stage and gender group. Essentially, it's the target for what an individual should aim to consume daily to maintain good health. 
১৮.
____ percent of the adult body is made up of water.
  1. ক
    55
  2. খ
    65
  3. গ
    75
  4. ঘ
    85
ব্যাখ্যা
Most of the human body is water, with an average of roughly 60% to 65%. The amount of water in the body can change slightly with age, sex, and hydration levels. While the average percentage of water in a person's body is around 60%, the percentage can vary from roughly 45–75%.
১৯.
Fat contributes about ____ calories per gram.
  1. ক
    9
  2. খ
    8
  3. গ
    5
  4. ঘ
    4
ব্যাখ্যা
1 gram of fat provides 9 kilocalories (kcal). This energy density is more than double that of carbohydrates and proteins, which each provide approximately 4 kcal per gram. 
২০.
Fiber is important in ____ function.
  1. ক
    Bowel
  2. খ
    Muscle
  3. গ
    Stomach
  4. ঘ
    Bone
ব্যাখ্যা
Dietary fiber is important because it improves digestive health, helps maintain a healthy weight, lowers blood cholesterol and sugar levels, and reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. Fiber adds bulk to stools, aiding in regular bowel movements and preventing constipation.
২১.
Most vitamins are measured in ____.
  1. ক
    grams
  2. খ
    kilogram
  3. গ
    Liter
  4. ঘ
    milligrams
ব্যাখ্যা
Vitamins are measured in units of mass, such as milligrams (mg) and micrograms (mcg), or in International Units (IU).
২২.
Which group is rich in Iron?
  1. ক
    amla,spinach,jaggery
  2. খ
    amla,cabbage,tomato
  3. গ
    cabbage,amla,spinach
  4. ঘ
    jaggery,amla,tomato
ব্যাখ্যা
Iron-rich foods include red meat, poultry, seafood, legumes, dark leafy greens, fortified cereals, and dried fruits. Other good sources include tofu, nuts, seeds, and organ meats like liver,lentils, spinach, and fortified foods.
২৩.
Disorders related to nutritions is known as
  1. ক
    balancing of nutrition
  2. খ
    insolubility of nutrition
  3. গ
    solubility of nutrition
  4. ঘ
    malnutrition
ব্যাখ্যা
Malnutrition refers to deficiencies or excesses in nutrient intake, imbalance of essential nutrients or impaired nutrient utilization.
২৪.
Malnutrition has a significant impact on children's health in Bangladesh by:
  1. ক
    Increasing concentration and focus in school.
  2. খ
    Lowering immunity and increasing susceptibility to infections
  3. গ
    Preventing all forms of disease.
  4. ঘ
    Strengthening muscle and bone development.
ব্যাখ্যা
Malnutrition in Bangladeshi children leads to impaired cognitive and physical development, a weakened immune system making them vulnerable to disease, and a cycle of poverty due to poor academic performance and reduced adult earning potential. These consequences stem from food insecurity, poverty, and climate-related disasters, affecting nearly a quarter of children under five with stunting and wasting.
২৫.
Melting point of fat is _________ and melting point of oil is ________
  1. ক
    Higher, higher
  2. খ
    Lower, lower
  3. গ
    Higher, lower
  4. ঘ
    Lower, higher 
ব্যাখ্যা

Melting point of fat is higher and melting point of oil is lower. Generally, healthy fats have a high amount of monounsaturated fats as well as polyunsaturated fats and a low amount of saturated fats.

২৬.
Which one of the following is an essential fatty acid?
  1. ক
    Linolenic acid
  2. খ
    Palmitic acid
  3. গ
    Linoleic acid
  4. ঘ
    both (a) and (c)
ব্যাখ্যা
The two essential fatty acids for humans are linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid) and alpha-linolenic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid). These fatty acids cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through diet. They are crucial for various bodily functions, including cell membrane structure, hormone synthesis, and immune system regulation. 
২৭.
Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?
  1. ক
    Linoleic acid
  2. খ
    Erucic acid
  3. গ
    Palmitic acid
  4. ঘ
    Oleic acid
ব্যাখ্যা
Here are some examples of saturated fatty acids, listed by their carbon chain length: 
• Acetic acid (Ethanoic acid): 2 carbons
• Butyric acid: 4 carbons
• Caproic acid: 6 carbons
• Caprylic acid: 8 carbons
• Capric acid: 10 carbons
• Lauric acid (Dodecanoic acid): 12 carbons
• Myristic acid (Tetradecanoic acid): 14 carbons
• Palmitic acid (Hexadecanoic acid): 16 carbons, a very common one in foods
• Stearic acid: 18 carbons
• Behenic acid: 22 carbons
• Lignoceric acid: 24 carbons
২৮.
Which of the following amino acids is not necessary to be taken in the diet?
  1. ক
    histidine
  2. খ
    threonine
  3. গ
    lysine
  4. ঘ
    serine
ব্যাখ্যা

Essential amino acids(EAA's) are those that the human body cannot synthesize on its own and must be obtained through diet. Serine is not a Essential Amino Acid. Other three are EAA.

২৯.
What type of bond links amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain?
  1. ক
    Ionic bond
  2. খ
    Hydrogen bond
  3. গ
    Peptide bond
  4. ঘ
    Disulfide bond
ব্যাখ্যা
A peptide bond is a type of covalent chemical bond that forms between two adjacent amino acids, linking them to form peptides and proteins. 
৩০.
Proteins are polymers of which of the following?
  1. ক
    Glucose units
  2. খ
    Fatty acids
  3. গ
    Amino acids
  4. ঘ
    Peptides
ব্যাখ্যা
Proteins are large, complex molecules made up of smaller units called amino acids. These amino acids are linked together in a chain through peptide bonds.