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PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন

Compound Sentence

মোট প্রশ্ন৩৭৭এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Compound Sentence

PrepBank · পাতা ১ / ৪ · ১–১০০ / ৩৭৭

১.
Being honest, he could not tell a lie. (make it compound)
  1. ক
    He is honest and could not tell a lie.
  2. খ
    He was honest and could not tell a lie.
  3. গ
    He is honest and can not tell a lie.
  4. ঘ
    He was being honest and could not tell a lie.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
He was honest and could not tell a lie.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
He was honest and could not tell a lie.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Being যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound sentence কে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Being যুক্ত বাক্যে Subject না থাকলে একই subject "being" অংশের প্রথমে বসে। 
- Being এর বাকী অংশে যে tense আছে being- কেও সেই Tense এ গঠন করতে হবে।
- Sentence দুটির মাঝে And বসে।

Simple Sentence: Being honest, he could not tell a lie.
Compound Sentence: He was honest and could not tell a lie.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
২.
Being tired, he went to bed early. (make it compound)
  1. ক
    He was tired and he went to bed early.
  2. খ
    Tired and he went to bed early.
  3. গ
    He is tired and he went to bed early.
  4. ঘ
    He went to bed early and tired.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He was tired and he went to bed early.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He was tired and he went to bed early.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
• Being যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound sentence কে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Being এর বাকী অংশে যে tense আছে being- কেও সেই Tense এ গঠন করতে হবে।
- Being যুক্ত অংশে Subject না থাকলে একই Subject টি 'being' অংশের প্রথমে বসে।
- Sentence দুটির মাঝে And বসে।

Simple Sentence: Being tired, he went to bed early.
Compound Sentence: He was tired and he went to bed early.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩.
I went there to seek a job. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    I went there and seeked a job.
  2. খ
    I went there and sought a job.
  3. গ
    I went there so that I could seek a job.
  4. ঘ
    I went there for seeking a job.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
I went there and sought a job.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
I went there and sought a job.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Compound sentence: I went there and sought a job. 
------------- 
• Compound sentence-এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।

• এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or , neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি co-ordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।
- আর seek এর past/ past participle form হচ্ছে sought. প্রথম clause টি যেহেতু past tense এ আছে তাই দ্বিতীয় clause টিও past form এ হবে।

• সুতরাং, সঠিক উত্তর - I went there and sought a job. 
৪.
Transform into compound Despite her sincerity, she could not reach his goal.
  1. ক
    ক) She was sincere and though she could not reach her goal.
  2. খ
    খ) Though she was sincere but she could not reach her goal.
  3. গ
    গ) She was sincere but she could not reach her goal.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) She could not reach her goal even though she was sincere.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) She was sincere but she could not reach her goal.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) She was sincere but she could not reach her goal.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
•  Despite/ in spite of/ notwithstanding যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound করতে হলে --
i) Despite/ in spite of/ notwithstanding যুক্ত Phrase টাকে Clause বানিয়ে বাক্যের শুরুতে বসাতে হবে।
- এ Clause টা বসানোর সময় অন্য Clause টার Tense কে অনুসরণ করতে হবে।
- অন্য Clause টা Past Tense হলে এটাও Past Tense হবে। 
ii) মাঝখানে Conjunction- but বসবে। 
iii) অন্য Clause টা বসবে।

• In spite of/ despite এর পরিবর্তে Compound Sentence এ but বসে।
- বিপরীতধর্মী অবস্থা হলে Compound Sentence এ but বসে।
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - She was sincere but she could not reach her goal.
৫.
It was too murky to see anything. [Compound]
  1. ক
    It was very murky and to see anything.
  2. খ
    It was very murky and we can't see anything.
  3. গ
    It was very murky and we could not see anything.
  4. ঘ
    It was very murky and we can not see anything.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
It was very murky and we could not see anything.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
It was very murky and we could not see anything.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

- Simple Sentence: It was too murky to see anything.
- Compound Sentence: It was very murky and we could not see anything.

• Simple to Compound:

• Simple sentence এ too + adjective + to + verb থাকলে Compound এ too এর স্থলে very এবং that এর স্থলে and বসে।

Simple sentence: Mahtab was too weak to walk.
Compound sentence: Mahtab was very weak and could not walk.

৬.
"I missed the hiking trip, for I had a prior commitment." This is an example of -
  1. ক
    Simple sentence
  2. খ
    Complex sentence
  3. গ
    Compound sentence
  4. ঘ
    Optative sentence
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Compound sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Compound sentence
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Compound Sentence (যৌগিক বাক্য)
• At least দুটি Clauses থাকবে এবং সেই Clause কেই হতে হবে Independent Clauses.
• Co-ordinate Conjunction যেমন and, or, but, for, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else ইত্যাদি দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে।

যেমন-
• Work hard and you can prosper in life.
• Do or die.
• She is absent, for she is sick.
• Do the work, else I will punish you.

• I couldn't join the hiking trip, for I had a prior commitment.
- for অর্থ এখানে 'কারণ'।
- for একটি Co-ordinate Conjunction, আর Co-ordinate Conjunction দিয়ে যখন দুটি Clause যুক্ত হয় তখন তাকে বলা হয় Compound Sentence.
৭.
'Do or die' is a - sentence.
  1. ক
    complex
  2. খ
    simple
  3. গ
    compound
  4. ঘ
    none
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
compound
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
compound
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• "Do or die." is a - Compound sentence.
- Do or die. - এই sentence টিতে 'or' দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত আছে, তাই এটি Compound Sentence.
 
• Compound sentence:  
- Compound sentence-এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে, যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ, Compound sentence- এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া, Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or, neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।
৮.
When I was standing in front of the graves of our freedom fighters, I became both gloomy and proud. (Make it Compound)
  1. ক
    ক) I stood in front of the graves of our freedom fighters but I became both gloomy and proud.
  2. খ
    খ) I stood in front of the graves of our freedom fighters and I became both gloomy and proud.
  3. গ
    গ) I stood in front of the graves of our freedom fighters or became both gloomy and proud.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) I stood in front of the graves of our freedom fighters yet became both gloomy and proud.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) I stood in front of the graves of our freedom fighters and I became both gloomy and proud.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) I stood in front of the graves of our freedom fighters and I became both gloomy and proud.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex থেকে Compound করতে হলে -
১. Complex এর Conjunction বাদ দিতে হবে; (এখানে when বাদ যাবে)
২. Compound এর Conjunction যোগ করতে হবে; (and যোগ হবে)
৩. ২টি Clause এর মধ্যে ১টি Clause (সাধারণত যে Clause এর আগে কোন Conjunction থাকে না) যেভাবে আছে সেভাবে রেখে দিতে হবে। (এখানে I became both gloomy and proud.)

আর এখানে যেহেতু উভয় Clause এর সম্পর্ক কারণ ও ফলাফলের তার conjunction হিসবে and বসবে।
৯.
'Being hungry, she cooked dinner.' [Make it Compound]
  1. ক
    She cooked dinner, being hungry.
  2. খ
    She was hungry, but she cooked dinner.
  3. গ
    She was hungry and cooked dinner.
  4. ঘ
    She cooked dinner because she was hungry.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
She was hungry and cooked dinner.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
She was hungry and cooked dinner.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

→ Correct Answer: She was hungry and cooked dinner.

• Simple Sentence থেকে Compound Sentence:
যদি Simple sentence-এ Present Participle Phrase (Verb + ing) ব্যবহার করে কারণ (Reason) বোঝানো হয়, তাহলে Compound sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়
- Present Participle Phrase (Verb + ing)-কে Independent Clause-এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- দুটি Independent Clause যুক্ত করতে and বা so ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

অর্থাৎ যদি Simple Sentence-এ কোনো ব্যক্তির কাজ করার কারণ এবং তার ফলাফল উল্লেখ থাকে, তবে Compound Sentence-এ প্রথমে কারণ উল্লেখ করা হয় এবং তারপর ফলাফল-কে conjunction "and" দিয়ে যুক্ত করা হয়।

→ সুতরাং Transformation Rule অনুসারে সঠিক Compound Sentence হবে: She was hungry and cooked dinner.

Example Sentences:
- Simple: Being late, she missed the bus.
- Compound: She was late, and she missed the bus.
- Simple: Feeling tired, he went to bed early.
- Compound: He was feeling tired, so he went to bed early.

১০.
'I went to college and met him.' is an example of _____ sentence.
  1. ক
    ক) Simple
  2. খ
    খ) Exclamatory
  3. গ
    গ) Complex
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Compound
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Compound
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Compound
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

Compound sentence: যখন কোন sentence-এ একাধিক Principal clause, Co-ordinating conjungtion দ্বারা যুক্ত হয় তাকে Compound sentence বলে।
যেমনঃ
- Do or die.
- I went to college and met him.

১১.
Find out the compound sentence -
  1. ক
    I was admitted to school at the age of five.
  2. খ
    As soon as he got the telegram he left in a taxi.
  3. গ
    You have got a first division and I am glad to know it.
  4. ঘ
    The man was happy when he saw his daughter.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
You have got a first division and I am glad to know it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
You have got a first division and I am glad to know it.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or , neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি co-ordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।

অপশনে উল্লেখিত sentence গুলোর মধ্যে কেবল মাত্র - You have got a first division and I am glad to know it. -বাক্যটিতে দুইটি clause রয়েছে এবং and দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়েছে।
তাই সঠিক compound sentence - You have got a first division and I am glad to know it.
১২.
Although he was injured, he kept running. [Compound]
  1. ক
    He was injured, yet he kept running.
  2. খ
    He was injured, but yet he kept running.
  3. গ
    He was injured, so yet he kept running.
  4. ঘ
    He was injured, he kept running.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He was injured, yet he kept running.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He was injured, yet he kept running.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Complex: Although he was injured, he kept running.
Compound: He was injured, yet he kept running.

• Though/Although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence- এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম: 
- Though/Although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence- এ পরিবর্তন করতে but/yet coordinate marker ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- অর্থাৎ দুইটা sentence- এর অর্থ যদি পরস্পর বিপরীত হয় তাহলে but/yet দ্বারা compound sentence করতে হয়।

উদাহরণ:
Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
Compound: He is poor but honest.

Other options,

খ) He was injured, but yet he kept running. 
- এখানে but yet ব্যবহার ভুল বা অপ্রয়োজনীয়, কারণ "but" এবং "yet" দুটোই contrast বোঝায়, তাই একসাথে ব্যবহার করা অতিরিক্ত ও ব্যাকরণগতভাবে ভুল।
- সাধারণভাবে "but" বা "yet" এর যেকোনো একটি ব্যবহার করা উচিত।

গ) He was injured, so yet he kept running. 
- "so" অর্থ "ফলস্বরূপ", কিন্তু এখানে অর্থ হচ্ছে বিপরীত (contradiction), তাই "so" ব্যবহার ভুল।
- "so yet" একসাথে ব্যবহার করা অর্থগত ও গঠনগতভাবে সঠিক নয়।


ঘ) He was injured, he kept running. 
- এখানে দুইটি independent clause আছে কিন্তু সঠিক coordinating conjunction নেই, তাই এটি ব্যাকরণগত ভুল।
- সঠিকভাবে লিখতে হলে "but" বা "yet" ব্যবহার করা লাগবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৩.
"The dog barked loudly, so the neighbors complained." This is a -
  1. ক
    Complex Sentence
  2. খ
    Exclamatory Sentence
  3. গ
    Compound Sentence
  4. ঘ
    Imperative Sentence
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Compound Sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Compound Sentence
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
"The dog barked loudly, so the neighbors complained." This is a - Compound Sentence.

Compound Sentence :
- যে বাক্যে একাধিক Principal Clause 'Coordinating Conjunction' দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তাকে Compound Sentence বলে।
Compound Sentence গঠনের শর্ত হচ্ছে-
- বাক্যে একের অধিক Principal Clause থাকবে।
- বাক্যে এক বা একাধিক Coordinating Conjunction থাকবে।

- and, or, but, both, fewer than, neither, and, not only.... but also, no less than, neither... nor, either... or, otherwise, still, yet, nevertheless, on the contrary, while, whereas, only, so, therefore, consequently, for- ইত্যাদি Coordinating Conjunction দ্বারা Compound Sentence গঠিত হয়।

- The dog barked loudly, so the neighbors complained. বাক্যটিতে 'so' Coordinating Conjunction রয়েছে  এবং দুইটি Prinipal Sentence কে 'so' Coordinating Conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত করা হয়েছে। তাই বাক্যটি একটি Compound Sentence.

More Examples of Compound Sentence:
- The project was challenging, yet we completed it ahead of schedule and under budget.
- I wanted to go to the party, but I had to finish my homework.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain
১৪.
We work hard to earn money. (Compound)
  1. ক
    We work hard to earn a lot of money.
  2. খ
    We want to earn money and therefore we work hard.
  3. গ
    We work hard and we want to earn money.
  4. ঘ
    We work hard and so that we earn money.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
We want to earn money and therefore we work hard.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
We want to earn money and therefore we work hard.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple: We work hard to earn money.
• Compound: We want to earn money and therefore we work hard.

• Simple sentence এ to অথবা in order to থাকলে Compound sentence এ and so/and so/ and therefore বসাতে হয়।
- এক্ষেত্রে Clause গুলো উল্টে যাবে এবং প্রথম Clause এ ‘want to’ যোগ হবে।
- সে অনুসারে প্রদত্ত বাক্যের সঠিক compound form হবে - we want to earn money so/and so/ and therefore we work hard.

• Compound sentence-এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or , neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি co-ordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।
১৫.
Which sentence below is a compound sentence?
  1. ক
    As I walked along the beach, I found strange footprints.
  2. খ
    I walked along the beach and found strange footprints.
  3. গ
    I found strange footprints when I walked along the beach.
  4. ঘ
    I walked along the beach and I found strange footprints.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
I walked along the beach and I found strange footprints.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
I walked along the beach and I found strange footprints.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
- The first three sentences are correct, but they are not compound sentences.
- The only compound sentence from the list is: I walked along the beach and I found strange footprints.
- Compound sentence হওয়ার জন্য শর্ত হলো দুটি Complete sentence অর্থাৎ Subject+ finite verb এই structure অনুুযায়ী থাকতে হবে; এবং দুটি বাক্য একটি Conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকবে। 

"As I walked along the beach, I found strange footprints." This is a complex sentence. Note the subordinating conjunction, "as."

"I walked along the beach and found strange footprints." This is actually a simple sentence. I took out the subject from the simple sentence, "I found strange footprints." Then I created a compound predicate, "walked and found."

I found strange footprints when I walked along the beach. This is also a complex sentence. The subordinating conjunction is the word, "when."

মূলত: অপশন খ) এর বাক্যটি Compound নয়।
এই বাক্যে "walked and found" Compound Predicate আছে অর্থাৎ, একই subject এর দুটো predicate.
আমরা জানি ,Compound Sentence হতে হলে দুটো Complete sentence বা পূর্ণাঙ্গ বাক্য বিভিন্ন যেমন Conjunction যেমন: and, but, or ইত্যাদি দ্বারা যুক্ত হতে হবে।
অপশন খ তে যে বাক্যটি আছে , তা হল:
I walked along the beach and found strange footprints.
এটি একটি Simple Sentence । কিন্তু এটিকে এভাবে Compound sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়:
I walked along the beach but there was no strange footprints.
এই বাক্যে দুটি independent clause আছে সুতরাং এটি একটি Compound sentence.
---------------
অন্যদিকে,
ঘ) নং অপশনে "I" সাবজেক্ট হিসাবে যুক্ত করে দুটো আলাদা বাক্য নির্দেশ করা হয়েছে এবং and দ্বারা যুক্ত করে Compound বাক্যে রূপান্তর করা হয়েছে।

Source: Intermediate English Grammar by Raymond Murphy
১৬.
The writer took a cabin that was small. (Make it Compound)
  1. ক
    ক) The writer took a cabin but it was small.
  2. খ
    খ) The writer took a cabin and it was small.
  3. গ
    গ) The writer had taken a cabin and it was small.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) The writer have taken a cabin and it was small.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) The writer took a cabin and it was small.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) The writer took a cabin and it was small.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Relative pronoun যুক্ত Complex sentence কে compound করার নিয়মঃ-
Relative Pronoun টির জায়গায় and বসে এবং প্রথম sentence এর object টি Subject হিসাবে বসে। আর সব ঠিক থাকে।
(i) Complex: The writer took a cabin that was small.
Compound: The writer took a cabin and it was small.

১৭.
“She not only entered the competition but also won it!” - This is an example of:
  1. ক
    ক) Simple sentence
  2. খ
    খ) Compound sentence
  3. গ
    গ) Complex sentence
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Affirmative sentence
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Compound sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Compound sentence
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Compound sentence-এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।

এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both ___ and , either ___ or , neither ____ nor, not only ___ but also ইত্যাদি co-ordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।

এখানে, ‘not only ___ but also’ দ্বারা entered the competition এবং won it দুইটি co-ordinate clause যুক্ত হয়েছে বলে এটি Compound sentence.
১৮.
Though the boy ran fast, he could not win the race. (make it compound)
  1. ক
    The boy ran fast and he could not win the race.
  2. খ
    The boy ran fast and he can not win the race.
  3. গ
    The boy ran fast but he could not win the race.
  4. ঘ
    The boy ran fast or he could not win the race.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
The boy ran fast but he could not win the race.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
The boy ran fast but he could not win the race.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Though/ although যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ although উঠে যায়।
- ১ম Clause টি বসে।
- But বসে।
- ২য় Clause টি বসে।

• Complex Sentence: Though the boy ran fast, he could not win the race.
• Compound Sentence: The boy ran fast but he could not win the race.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৯.
I will punish you if you don't speak the truth. (Make it Compound)
  1. ক
    ক) Unless you don't speak the truth, I will punish you.
  2. খ
    খ) Speak the truth, else I will punish you.
  3. গ
    গ) I will punish you, if you speak the truth.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Speak the truth or I will punish you.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Speak the truth or I will punish you.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Speak the truth or I will punish you.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
- If যুক্ত অংশটি যদি negative হয়, তবে compound sentence টি তে 'or' conjunction যুক্ত হবে।
- তাই, সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - Speak the truth or I will punish you.
২০.
What type of sentence is 'Do or die'?
  1. ক
    Complex
  2. খ
    Simple
  3. গ
    Compound
  4. ঘ
    Exclamatory
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Compound
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Compound
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• "Do or die." is a - Compound sentence.
- Do or die. - এই sentence টিতে 'or' দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত আছে, তাই এটি Compound Sentence.

• Compound sentence:  
- যদি কোন বাক্যে একাধিক principle clause and, or, but, yet, so, therefore ইত্যাদি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তাকে Compound sentence বলে। 
- অর্থাৎ, Compound sentence- এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
২১.
We study hard in order to secure a good grade. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    We study hard so that we may secure a good grade.
  2. খ
    We want to secure a good grade so that we study hard.
  3. গ
    We want to secure a good grade and so we study hard.
  4. ঘ
    In order to secure a good grade, we study hard.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
We want to secure a good grade and so we study hard.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
We want to secure a good grade and so we study hard.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple sentence এ to অথবা in order to থাকলে Compound Sentence এ পরিণত করতে তিনটি কাজ করতে হয় -
- যথা-
(1) Clause গুলোর অবস্থান উল্টে যাবে।
(2) ‘want to’ অতিরিক্ত যোগ হবে।
(3) ‘and so/ therefore’ Conjunction যোগ হবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - We want to secure a good grade and so we study hard.

• অন্যদিকে, 
• Simple Sentence এ 'in order to' থাকলে Complex Sentence এ রূপান্তর করার সময় 
- In order to এর স্থলে In order that অথবা So that বসবে +  এরপর noun phrase + may/might বসবে। 
- যেমন: We study hard so that we may secure a good grade.
২২.
Select the right compound structure of this sentence: 'Though he is brilliant, he is lazy'.
  1. ক
    ক) He is brilliant and lazy
  2. খ
    খ) As he is brilliant, he is lazy.
  3. গ
    গ) He is brilliant but lazy.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Since he is brilliant, he is lazy.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) He is brilliant but lazy.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) He is brilliant but lazy.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
He is brilliant but lazy. 

বাংলা অর্থ- সে মেধাবী কিন্তু অলস। 

Though/Although যুক্ত কোন Complex Sentence কে যদি Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তর করা হয়, তখন Conjunction হিসেবে but ব্যবহৃত হয়। 

Reference: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain
২৩.
Having finished her chores, she went to bed. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    If she had finished her chores, she would have gone to bed.
  2. খ
    She had finished her chores so that she went to bed.
  3. গ
    She had finished her chores after went to bed.
  4. ঘ
    She had finished her chores and went to bed.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
She had finished her chores and went to bed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
She had finished her chores and went to bed.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple Sentence: Having finished her chores, she went to bed. 
Compound Sentence: She had finished her chores and went to bed.

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি simple sentence- এ রয়েছে।
• Perfect Participle যুক্ত Simple sentence কে Compound sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: Subject + Perfect Participle এর  Past Perfect form + and + বাকি অংশ বসে। 

More Example:
- Simple Sentence: Having forgotten him, I went out.
- Compound Sentence: I had forgotten him and went out.
২৪.
Transform into Compound: (18-21)
১৮) Unless you try heart and soul, you cannot become a success.
  1. ক
    ক) You try heart and soul or you cannot become a success.
  2. খ
    খ) Try heart and soul or you cannot become a success.
  3. গ
    গ) Don’t try heart and soul and you cannot become a success.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Try heart and soul or you can become a success.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Try heart and soul or you cannot become a success.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Try heart and soul or you cannot become a success.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Unless থাকলে unless যুক্ত clause কে Imperative sentence এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে।
conjunction হিসেবে or বসবে।
২৫.
Change into compound:
Besides being beautiful the girl is brilliant.
  1. ক
    The girl is beautiful but brilliant.
  2. খ
    The girl is not only beautiful but also brilliant.
  3. গ
    The girl is so much beautiful as brilliant.
  4. ঘ
    The girl is beautiful but also intelligent.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The girl is not only beautiful but also brilliant.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The girl is not only beautiful but also brilliant.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple sentence এ “besides being” থাকলে compound sentence এ “not only..….but also” structure ব্যবহার করা হবে।
সুতরাং সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - The girl is not only beautiful but also brilliant.
২৬.
The faster she ran, the more tired she became, yet she couldn't stop. This is an example of -
  1. ক
    Simple sentence
  2. খ
    Compound sentence
  3. গ
    Complex sentence
  4. ঘ
    Compound-Complex Sentence
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Compound sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Compound sentence
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• The faster she ran, the more tired she became, yet she couldn't stop. This is an example of - Compound sentence.

• Compound sentence:
- এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or , neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।
-যেমন:
- The movie was really interesting, but it was quite long.

• অন্যদিকে,
• Simple sentence:
- A simple sentence consists of a single independent clause that expresses a complete thought.
- একটি simple sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে,
- যেমন:
- The sun shines brightly in the sky.
- The talented musicians performed a brilliant concert for the delighted audience.
- The ancient city's ruins stood as a testament to its glorious past.
- Having completed the marathon, the runner felt an immense sense of accomplishment.

• Complex sentence:
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে।
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
যেমন: Because he studied hard, he passed the exam with flying colors.

• Compound-Complex Sentences:
- A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
- যেমন - Although it was raining heavily, they continued their hike, and they eventually reached the summit despite the challenging weather conditions.
২৭.
I can arrange the function if you help me. (Make it Compound)
  1. ক
    ক) I can arrange the function and you will help me.
  2. খ
    খ) I can arrange the function and help me.
  3. গ
    গ) Help me and I can arrange the function.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Help me and arrange the function.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Help me and I can arrange the function.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Help me and I can arrange the function.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Conditional Sentence কে Compound করতে হলে If Clause – Imperative Sentence এর গঠনে বাক্যের প্রথমে বসে (Help me)।
If Clause – Affirmative হলে Conjunction – and বসে। আর If Clause – Negative হলে Conjunction – or বসে। এর পর অন্য Clause বসে।
তাই সঠিক উত্তর (গ)।  
২৮.
He remained calm and quiet despite losing his four sons in the war. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) He remained calm and quiet but he lost his four sons in the war.
  2. খ
    খ) He remained calm and quiet even though he lost his four sons in the war.
  3. গ
    গ) He lost his four sons in the war but he remained calm and quiet.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) He remained calm and quiet in spite he lost his four sons in the war.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) He lost his four sons in the war but he remained calm and quiet.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) He lost his four sons in the war but he remained calm and quiet.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Despite/ in spite of/ notwithstanding যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound করতে হলে --
i) Despite/ in spite of/ notwithstanding যুক্ত Phrase টাকে Clause বানিয়ে বাক্যের শুরুতে বসাতে হবে। এ Clause টা বসানোর সময় অন্য Clause টার Tense কে অনুসরণ করতে হবে। অন্য Clause টা Past Tense হলে এটাও Past Tense হবে। 
ii) মাঝখানে Conjunction- but বসবে। 
iii) অন্য Clause টা বসবে।
২৯.
He was too drained to continue the journey. (Compound)
  1. ক
    He was very drained and then could not continue the journey.
  2. খ
    He was very drained and can not continue the journey.
  3. গ
    He was very drained so could continue the journey.
  4. ঘ
    He was very drained and could not continue the journey.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He was very drained and could not continue the journey.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He was very drained and could not continue the journey.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple: He was too drained to continue the journey.
Compound: He was very drained and could not continue the journey.

• Simple to Compound:
• Simple sentence এ too + adjective + to + verb থাকলে Compound এ too এর স্থলে very এবং to এর স্থলে and বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী can not/could not বসে।
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

Simple sentence: Sabbir was too weak to walk.
Compound sentence: Sabbir was very weak and could not walk.
৩০.
He was so poor that he could not buy his daily bread.
  1. ক
    ক) He was very poor but he could not buy his daily bread.
  2. খ
    খ) He was very poor and could not buy his daily bread.
  3. গ
    গ) He was so poor and he could not buy his daily bread.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) He was too poor and he could not buy his daily bread.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) He was very poor and could not buy his daily bread.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) He was very poor and could not buy his daily bread.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
so… that থাকলে Compound Sentence এ very….and বসবে।
৩১.
The sun is shining, so we are going to the park.
What kind of sentence is this?
  1. ক
    Simple sentence
  2. খ
    Complex sentence
  3. গ
    Compound sentence
  4. ঘ
    Optative sentence
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Compound sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Compound sentence
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: Compound sentence.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি মূলত একটি Compound sentence.
- এখানে"The sun is shining" এবং "we are going to the park দুইটি coordinate clause "so" conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়েছে।

• Compound sentence:
- Compound sentence হলো এমন এক ধরনের বাক্য যেখানে দুটি বা তার বেশি স্বাধীন বাক্য (independent clauses) একটি সংযোজক শব্দ বা চিহ্ন দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে।
- অর্থাৎ, Compound sentence -এ একের অধিক Principal clause থাকে যেগুলো coordinating conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে।
- তাদেরকে coordinate clause বলা হয়।
- সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, either... or, neither....nor, not only.....but also, ইত্যাদি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা clause গুলো যুক্ত থাকে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৩২.
Besides teaching a lot of things, he financially helps the poor students among us . (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) Not only he teaches us a lot of things but also financially helps the poor students among us.
  2. খ
    খ) He not only teaches us a lot of things but also financially helps the poor students among us.
  3. গ
    গ) He not only teaches us a lot of things but also he financially helps the poor students among us.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) He not only teaches us a lot of things but he also financially helps the poor students among us.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) He not only teaches us a lot of things but also financially helps the poor students among us.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) He not only teaches us a lot of things but also financially helps the poor students among us.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Not only এবং but ‍also এ দুটির পরের অংশের মধ্যে ভারসাম্য থাকতে হবে। অর্থাৎ-
i) Not only + (Subject + Verb + Object) + but also + (Subject + Verb + Object)
ii) Subject + not only + (Verb + Object) + but also + (Verb + Object)
iii) Subject + Verb + not only + (Object) + but also + (Object)
৩৩.
We shall start the programme provided _____
  1. ক
    circumstances favour us
  2. খ
    circumstances favoured us
  3. গ
    circumstance favoured us
  4. ঘ
    cirumstances are favouring us
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
circumstances favour us
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
circumstances favour us
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Completing Sentence এর নিয়মানুযায়ী provided এর পূর্ববর্তী অংশ Future Indefinite Tense হলে পরবর্তী অংশ Present Indefinite Tense হবে। 
Example: I will finish the work provided you help me. 
তাই সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে - We shall start the programme provided circumstances favour us.
৩৪.
Simple: Besides being honest, he is very hardworking.
Choose the correct compound sentence:
  1. ক
    He is honest and hardworking.
  2. খ
    He is honest but not hardworking.
  3. গ
    He was honest although hardworking.
  4. ঘ
    He is not only honest but also very hardworking.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He is not only honest but also very hardworking.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He is not only honest but also very hardworking.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Correct Compound Sentence: ঘ) He is not only honest but also very hardworking.

মূল Simple Sentence-টি হলো: "Besides being honest, he is very hardworking."
• নিয়ম অনুযায়ী, যখন simple sentence এ "Besides being" থাকে, তখন compound sentence এ "not only... but also" কাঠামো ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- Compound Sentence তৈরি করতে হলে দুইটি independent clause যুক্ত করতে হয় coordinating conjunction দিয়ে।

- Simple Sentence Structure: "Besides being + adjective, subject + is + adjective"
→ "Besides being honest, he is very hardworking."
- Compound Sentence  Structure: Subject + is + not only + প্রথম adjective + but also + দ্বিতীয় adjective.

রূপান্তর প্রক্রিয়া:
- "Besides being honest" → "not only honest"
- "he is very hardworking" → "but also very hardworking"
Final: "He is not only honest but also very hardworking."

তাই সঠিক উত্তর:  He is not only honest but also very hardworking.

ভুল অপশনগুলোর ব্যাখ্যা:
ক) He is honest and hardworking. → এটি Simple Sentence। কারণ একটি মাত্র subject ও verb আছে। তাই Compound নয়।
খ) He is honest but not hardworking. → এটি Compound হলেও, অর্থ বিপরীত। মূল বাক্যে সে hardworking, এখানে তা অস্বীকার করা হয়েছে।
গ) He was honest although hardworking. → এটি Complex Sentence (although = subordinating conjunction), এবং Tense বদলে গেছে (is → was)। তাই ভুল।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition—HSC Second Paper by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৫.
Though his driver drove fast, he missed the plain. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) his driver drove fast and he missed the plain.
  2. খ
    খ) Inspite of his driver's driving fast, he missed the plain.
  3. গ
    গ) His driver drove fast but he missed the plain.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) But for his driver's driving fast, he missed the plain.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) His driver drove fast but he missed the plain.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) His driver drove fast but he missed the plain.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex sentence এ though, although ইত্যাদি থাকলে compound sentence এ রূপান্তর করার সময় conjunction হিসেবে দুইটি clause এর মধ্যে but ব্যবহৃত হয়।
৩৬.
Despite her strong qualifications, she wasn't selected for the job. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    She had strong qualifications yet she wasn't selected for the job.
  2. খ
    She wasn't selected for the job though she had strong qualifications
  3. গ
    She had strong qualifications still she wasn't selected for the job.
  4. ঘ
    She had strong qualifications despite she wasn't selected for the job.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
She had strong qualifications yet she wasn't selected for the job.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
She had strong qualifications yet she wasn't selected for the job.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
- In spite of/ despite/ notwithstanding এর পরিবর্তে Compound Sentence এ but/ yet বসে।
- প্রথমে subject + verb বসে,
- but/yet  বসে।
- দুইটি clause এর subject একই হলে দ্বিতীয় clause টিতে subject বসাতে হয় না।

• অন্যভাবে বলা যায়, 
i) Despite/ in spite of/ notwithstanding যুক্ত Phrase টাকে Clause বানিয়ে বাক্যের শুরুতে বসাতে হবে।
- এ Clause টা বসানোর সময় অন্য Clause টার Tense কে অনুসরণ করতে হবে।
- অন্য Clause টা Past Tense হলে এটাও Past Tense হবে। 
ii) মাঝখানে Conjunction- but/yet বসবে। 
iii) অন্য Clause টা বসবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, She had strong qualifications yet she wasn't selected for the job. - সঠিক উত্তর।
- এখানে দ্বিতীয় clause টি past tense এ আছে বিধায়, প্রথম অংশটুকুতে subject she + had হয়েছে।
৩৭.
Though he is rich he is parsimonious. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) In spite of being rich yet he is parsimonious.
  2. খ
    খ) Though he is rich but he is parsimonious.
  3. গ
    গ) He is rich but parsimonious.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) He is rich and he is parsimonious.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) He is rich but parsimonious.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) He is rich but parsimonious.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• পরস্পর বিপরীত ভাব প্রকাশক দুইটি clause থাকলে compound sentence এ এগুলো but দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়।
- যেমন - Complex sentence এ though/although থাকলে compound sentence এ but বসে।
- এবং দুইটি Clause এ একই subject থাকলে পরের clause এ আর সেটা ব্যবহারের প্রয়োজনীয়তা থাকে না।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর - He is rich but parsimonious.
৩৮.
Although it was raining, we went for a walk. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    It was raining but we gone for a walk.
  2. খ
    It was raining but we went for a walk.
  3. গ
    Though it was raining, but we went for a walk.
  4. ঘ
    It was raining, and yet we went for a walk.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
It was raining but we went for a walk.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
It was raining but we went for a walk.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

- Complex: Although it was raining, we went for a walk.
- Compound: It was raining, but we went for a walk.

• Though/Although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence- এ পরিবর্তন করতে but/yet- coordinate marker ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- অর্থাৎ, দুইটা sentence- এর অর্থ যদি পরস্পর বিপরীত হয় তাহলে but/yet দ্বারা compound sentence করতে হয়।

• More Example:
- ​​Complex: Though the road was rough, they kept driving.
- Compound: The road was rough, yet they kept driving.

৩৯.
Though the house is small, it is cosy. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    The house is small but cosy.
  2. খ
    As the house is small, it is cosy.
  3. গ
    Since the house is small, it is cosy.
  4. ঘ
    The house is small and it is cosy.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The house is small but cosy.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The house is small but cosy.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple Sentence: Though the house is small, it is cosy.
Compound Sentence: The house is small but cosy.

- Though/Although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence- এ পরিবর্তন করতে but/yet- coordinate marker ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- অর্থাৎ, দুইটা sentence- এর অর্থ যদি পরস্পর বিপরীত হয় তাহলে but/yet দ্বারা compound sentence করতে হয়।

More Example:
• Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
• Compound: He is poor but honest.

• Complex: Though he was a rich man, he led a simple life.
• Compound: He was a rich man yet he led a simple life.
৪০.
As the weather was very cold, nobody was outside the home. (make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) The weather was very cold and so nobody was outside the home.
  2. খ
    খ) The weather was very cold because nobody was outside the home.
  3. গ
    গ) The weather being very cold and nobody was outside the home.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) The weather being very cold, nobody was outside the home. 
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) The weather was very cold and so nobody was outside the home.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) The weather was very cold and so nobody was outside the home.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence এ  ‍as/since/because থাকলে এবং এর দ্বারা কারণ বুঝালে Compound Sentence এ ‍and/ ans so বসে। 

তাই সঠিক উত্তর - The weather was very cold and so nobody was outside the home. 
৪১.
Identify the correct compound form of the sentence below: "Though she is talented, she is dishonest. "
  1. ক
    ক) She is talented and dishonest.
  2. খ
    খ) As she is talented, she is dishonest.
  3. গ
    গ) Since she is talented, she is dishonest.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) She is talented but dishonest.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) She is talented but dishonest.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) She is talented but dishonest.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তর হবে: She is talented but dishonest.
Though যুক্ত Complex sentence এ দুটি  clause এ be verb এবং be verb এর পর  adjective থাকলে  compound sentence এর  structure হবে, sub+be+verb+though যুক্ত অংশের adjective+but + অপর adjective
৪২.
As I climbed up the mountain, I saw many interesting sights. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    I climbed up the mountain and I saw many interesting sights.
  2. খ
    Climbed up the mountain, I saw many interesting sights.
  3. গ
    I saw many interesting sights when I climbed up the mountain.
  4. ঘ
    By climbing up the mountain, I saw many interesting sights.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
I climbed up the mountain and I saw many interesting sights.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
I climbed up the mountain and I saw many interesting sights.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

◉ Correct Answer - I climbed up the mountain and I saw many interesting sights.

Complex to Compound:
• Complex sentence এর একটি clause এর আগে যদি as থাকলে Compound sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- As তুলে দিতে হবে +
- As এর পরবর্তী clause টি লিখতে হবে +
- and বসবে +
- শেষে অপর clause- টি বসবে।

Examples:
Complex: As I climbed up the hill, I saw many interesting sights.
Compound: I climbed up the hill and I saw many interesting sights.

Complex: As he was ill, he could not attend the meeting.
Compound: He was ill and he could not attend the meeting.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৪৩.
Transform the sentence into a compound sentence: "Although the weather was bad, they continued the journey."
  1. ক
    The weather was bad, and they continued the journey.
  2. খ
    The weather was bad, but they continued the journey.
  3. গ
    Since the weather was bad, but they continued the journey.
  4. ঘ
    The weather was bad, but so they continued the journey.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The weather was bad, but they continued the journey.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The weather was bad, but they continued the journey.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: খ) The weather was bad, but they continued the journey.

- Complex sentence সাধারণত একটি subordinate clause এবং একটি main clause নিয়ে গঠিত হয়।
উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নের এখানে,
Subordinate clause: Although the weather was bad
Main clause: they continued the journey

• Though/Although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence- এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম: 
- Though/Although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence- এ পরিবর্তন করতে but/yet coordinate marker ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- অর্থাৎ দুইটা sentence- এর অর্থ যদি পরস্পর বিপরীত বা contrast হয় তাহলে but/yet দ্বারা compound sentence করতে হয়।

- Given Sentence (Complex): Although the weather was bad, they continued the journey.
- Correct Compound Form: The weather was bad, but they continued the journey.

Other options:
ক) The weather was bad, and they continued the journey. → এখানে and ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে। কিন্তু দুটি clause বিপরীত অর্থ প্রকাশ করছে (খারাপ আবহাওয়া ↔ যাত্রা চালিয়ে যাওয়া)। তাই and ঠিক নয়।
গ) Since the weather was bad, but they continued the journey. → এখানে Since + but একসাথে ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা grammatically ভুল।
ঘ) The weather was bad, but so they continued the journey. → এখানে but so ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা ভুল structure.

Example:
Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
Compound: He is poor but honest.

Complex: Though he was a rich man, he led a simple life.
Compound: He was a rich man yet he led a simple life.

৪৪.
As soon as I reached the school, the bell rang. (Make it Compound)
  1. ক
    I reached the school and the bell rang.
  2. খ
    I reached the school and when the bell rang.
  3. গ
    I reached the school and at that very moment the bell rang.
  4. ঘ
    I reached the school and at the moment the bell rang.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
I reached the school and at that very moment the bell rang.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
I reached the school and at that very moment the bell rang.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• As soon as যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Compound Sentence পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
- প্রথম clause টি বসে 
- এরপর and + at that very moment বসে (ঠিক ঐ মূহুর্তে অর্থে)
- দ্বিতীয় clause টি বসে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - I reached the school and at that very moment the bell rang.
৪৫.
Though the boy has many brothers, he seems to be lonely. (make it compound)
  1. ক
    The boy has many brothers but seems to be lonely.
  2. খ
    The boy has many brothers and seems to be lonely.
  3. গ
    The boy has many brothers but only he seems not also to be lonely.
  4. ঘ
    The boy has many brothers also seems to be lonely.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The boy has many brothers but seems to be lonely.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The boy has many brothers but seems to be lonely.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
• Though/ although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Though/ although উঠে যাবে।  
- প্রথম clause টি বসবে।
- তারপর but বসবে।
- ২য় clause টি বসবে।     

Complex sentence: Though the boy has many brothers, he seems to be lonely.
Compound sentence: The boy has many brothers but seems to be lonely.

Source- Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪৬.
Being honest, he could not tell a lie. (compound)
  1. ক
    He was honest and he could not tell a lie.
  2. খ
    He was honest or he could not tell a lie.
  3. গ
    He was honest but he could tell a lie
  4. ঘ
    Having been honest, he could not tell a lie.
  5. ঙ
    He was honest so that he could not tell a lie.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He was honest and he could not tell a lie.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He was honest and he could not tell a lie.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
• Being যুক্ত Simple Sentence-কে Compound Sentence করার নিয়ম:

- Being যুক্ত Simple Sentence-কে Compound Sentence করতে হলে Being-এর বাকি অংশ যে Tense-য়ে থাকে Being-যুক্ত অংশকেও সেই tense-এ করতে হবে।
- Sentence দুটির মাঝে and বসে।

• N.B: Being যুক্ত বাক্যে subject না থাকলে একই subject 'Being' অংশের প্রথমে বসে। 

Simple: Being honest, he could not tell a lie.
Compound: He was honest and he could not tell a lie.

• Being-এর বাকি অংশ অর্থাৎ, He could not tell a lie-বাক্যটি Past Indefinite Tense-এ আছে, তাই নিয়ম অনুযায়ী Being honest-কেও Past Indefinite Tense করা হয়েছে।
- অর্থাৎ He was honest হয়েছে এবং দুই বাক্যের মাঝে and বসানো হয়েছে।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪৭.
Though she was nervous, she spoke confidently. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    She was nervous and so she spoke confidently.
  2. খ
    When she was nervous, she spoke confidently.
  3. গ
    As she was nervous, she spoke confidently.
  4. ঘ
    She was nervous but spoke confidently.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
She was nervous but spoke confidently.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
She was nervous but spoke confidently.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex: Though she was nervous, she spoke confidently.
• Compound: She was nervous but spoke confidently.

• Though/Although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence- এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম: 
- Though/Although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence- এ পরিবর্তন করতে but/yet coordinate marker ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- অর্থাৎ দুইটা sentence- এর অর্থ যদি পরস্পর বিপরীত হয় তাহলে but/yet দ্বারা compound sentence করতে হয়।

More Examples:
- Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
- Compound: He is poor but honest.
৪৮.
She was crying loudly as she lost her last living son. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) She was crying loudly as because she lost her last living son.
  2. খ
    খ) She was crying loudly because she lost her last living son.
  3. গ
    গ) She was crying loudly and she lost her last living son.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) She lost her last living son and was crying loudly.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) She lost her last living son and was crying loudly.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) She lost her last living son and was crying loudly.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex Sentence এ ‍as/since/because থাকলে এবং এর দ্বারা কারণ বুঝালে Compound Sentence এ ‍and/ and so বসে। 
• Compound Sentence এ কালের ধারাবাহিকতা অনুযায়ী Clause গুলো বসে।
- as/since/ because ইত্যাদি থাকলে মাঝখানে and বসে।
- Subject একই হলে ২য় Clause এ Subject প্রয়োজন নেই।
- সুতরাং সঠিক উত্তর হবে - She lost her last living son and was crying loudly.
৪৯.
''I saw him going to market.'' (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    I saw him who was going to market.
  2. খ
    I go to market and where he was seeing.
  3. গ
    I saw him to go to market.
  4. ঘ
    I saw him and he was going to market.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
I saw him and he was going to market.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
I saw him and he was going to market.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• The correct compound sentence is: I saw him and he was going to market.
---------------- 
• Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and, either --- or, neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি co-ordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।

অপশনে উল্লেখিত sentence গুলোর মধ্যে কেবল - I saw him and he was going to market -বাক্যটিতে দুইটি clause রয়েছে এবং and দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়েছে।
তাই সঠিক compound sentence - I saw him and he was going to market. 

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৫০.
Which of the following is a compound sentence?
  1. ক
    Look before you leap
  2. খ
    A drowning man catches at a straw
  3. গ
    All's well that ends well
  4. ঘ
    Do or die
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Do or die
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Do or die
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Compound sentence:  
- Compound sentence-এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or , neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে। 

Do or die- এই sentence টিতে 'or' দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত আছে, তাই এটি Compound Sentence. 
৫১.
If you work hard, you will succeed. (compound)
  1. ক
    Work hard and you will succeed.
  2. খ
    Working hard or you will succeed.
  3. গ
    Worked hard and you will succeed.
  4. ঘ
    Worked hard or you will succeed.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Work hard and you will succeed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Work hard and you will succeed.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - ক) Work hard and you will succeed.

• Complex sentence-এর একটি clause যদি if you-দ্বারা গঠিত হয় বা if-clause হয় তাহলে নিম্নরূপে তাকে compound-এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হয়:
Complex sentence টি যদি affirmative বা হ্যাঁ-বোধক হয় তাহলে if you তুলে দিয়ে verb-এর পরে and বসাতে হয়।

• Examples:
- Complex: If you study, you will pass.
- Compound: Study and you will pass.

- Complex: If you eat a balanced diet, you will remain healthy.
- Compound: Eat a balanced diet and you will remain healthy.

- Complex: If you work hard, you will prosper in life.
- Compound: Work hard and you will prosper in life.

Other options:
খ) Working hard or you will succeed.
- Bangla meaning: কঠোর পরিশ্রম করা অথবা তুমি সফল হবে।
“Working hard” → এটি একটি phrase, পূর্ণ বাক্য নয়।
“or” ব্যবহৃত হলেও দুটি clause নেই।
এটি compound sentence নয় এবং অর্থও অস্পষ্ট।

 গ) Worked hard and you will succeed.
- Bangla meaning: পরিশ্রম করেছিলে এবং তুমি সফল হবে।
- “Worked hard” → একটি past tense phrase.
- এটি যথাযথ clause নয় এবং অর্থও মেলে না।

ঘ) Worked hard or you will succeed.
- Bangla meaning: পরিশ্রম করেছিলে অথবা তুমি সফল হবে।
- "Worked hard" → subject ছাড়া, incomplete clause।
- “or” দ্বারা যুক্ত হলেও মানে অসংগত।
- এটি neither grammatically correct nor meaningful.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৫২.
Coming home she had lunch. (Compound)
  1. ক
    ক) She came home and had lunch
  2. খ
    খ) She come home and had lunch
  3. গ
    গ) She came home and having lunch
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) She has come to home and had lunch
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) She came home and had lunch
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) She came home and had lunch
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
যদি simple sentence এ বোঝানো হয় যে কেউ দুটো কাজ করছে, একটি আগে ও আরেকটি পরে তবে Compound sentence এ প্রথম কাজটিকে দ্বিতীয় কাজের আগে উল্লেখ করে তাদেরকে “and” conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত করতে হবে। Sentence এ দ্বিতীয় কাজের tense ব্যবহার করা হবে। সুতরাং সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - She came home and had lunch।
৫৩.
Choose the correct sentence.
  1. ক
    The judge investigated to the case.
  2. খ
    Open page 100.
  3. গ
    See the word in the dictionary.
  4. ঘ
    It is needed for security.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
It is needed for security.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
It is needed for security.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• "It is needed for security" হলো Correct sentence. 
Preposition বা prepositional phrase পরে noun বা noun phrase বসে। 

• অন্যদিকে: 
- 'investigated' transitive verb বলে এর পরে কোন preposition বসে না। 
Correct sentence: The judge investigated the case.

- কোনো বইয়ের পৃষ্ঠা বের করা বুঝাতে Open at ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Correct sentence: Open at page 100.

- Dictionary তে শব্দ খোঁজার জন্য "look up" phrasal verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Correct sentence: Look up the word in the dictionary.
৫৪.
We could not go out for a walk as the weather was bad. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) We could not go out for a walk because of bad weather.
  2. খ
    খ) The weather was bad and we could not go out for a walk.
  3. গ
    গ) As the weather was bad and we could not go out for a a walk.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Not only the weather was bad but also we could not go out for a walk.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) The weather was bad and we could not go out for a walk.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) The weather was bad and we could not go out for a walk.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে - The weather was bad and we could not go out for a walk.

- প্রদত্ত sentence টি complex sentence এ আছে।
- Complex sentence-এর একটি clause এর আগে as থাকলে তাকে compound এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হলে as তুলে দিয়ে তার পরবর্তী clause টি প্রথমে লিখে তারপর and লিখতে হবে এবং অপর clause টি তারপর বসিয়ে দিতে হবে। 
- অতএব সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে: The weather was bad and we could not go out for a walk. 

 Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৫৫.
Transform the following complex sentence into a compound sentence:
Unless you take care of your health, you will fall ill.
  1. ক
    Take care of your health, and you will fall ill.
  2. খ
    Take care of your health, or you will fall ill.
  3. গ
    Take care of your health, but you will fall ill.
  4. ঘ
    Unless take care of your health, or you will fall ill.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Take care of your health, or you will fall ill.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Take care of your health, or you will fall ill.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
→ Answer: খ) Take care of your health, or you will fall ill.

→ Complex: Unless you take care of your health, you will fall ill.
→ Compound: Take care of your health, or you will fall ill.

Complex Sentence → Compound Sentence রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Complex sentence-এ subordinate clause থাকে, যা subordinating conjunction (যেমন: unless, if, because, although, since, when ইত্যাদি) দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়।
- Compound sentence তৈরি করতে two independent clauses যুক্ত করতে হয় coordinating conjunction (যেমন: and, but, or, so, yet, for, nor) ব্যবহার করে।
- "Unless" এর অর্থ "if not" বা "otherwise" বোঝায়। তাই Compound sentence করার সময় "or" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

অর্থাৎ যদি Complex Sentence-টি "Unless" দিয়ে শুরু হয় এবং এর পরে Second Person (you) থাকে, তাহলে Compound Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়:
- Unless এবং you বাদ যাবে।
- দুই clause-এর মাঝে "or" যুক্ত হবে।
- Main clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।

উল্লেখ্য, দুটি independent clause যুক্ত করতে coordinating conjunction ব্যবহার করতে হবে। Complex sentence-এ "Unless" থাকলে, Compound করতে "or" বসাতে হবে। 

Example:
Complex: Unless you work hard, you will fail.
Compound: Work hard, or you will fail.
৫৬.
Tauhid hoped to succeed in life. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    Tauhid hoped and to succeed in life.
  2. খ
    Tauhid had a hoped so was to succeed in life.
  3. গ
    Tauhid had a hope and it was to succeed in life.
  4. ঘ
    Tauhid had a hope and he would succeed.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Tauhid had a hope and it was to succeed in life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Tauhid had a hope and it was to succeed in life.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• to + verb যদি Object/ Object সদৃশ হয়, তাহলে Compound করার সময় ‍and it is /and it was + to + verb বসে।
- Object সদৃশ বলতে বুঝায়, Noun/ Adjective এর  অন্তর্নিহিত Verb এর Object হওয়া।
- to + verb যদি পূর্বের Verb এর  Object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাহলে to + Verb দিয়ে সার্বিকভাবে যা বুঝাচ্ছে এ রকম একটা Object ব্যবহার করে এর পর and it is/was + to + Verb বসবে। 

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যে, To + Verb টি Hope- Noun এর অনন্তর্নিহিত Verb এর Object সদৃশ হয়েছে।
- মূল Clause এর Verb (hope) Past Tense হওয়ায়, এ Clause টাও Past Tense এ হবে।
- তবে to + verb সাধারণত Future Indicate করে, তাই এখানে Past Future (would) হবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক উত্তর - Tauhid had a hope and it was to succeed in life.
৫৭.
Transform the following complex sentence into a compound sentence:
'Since she studied hard, she passed the exam'.
  1. ক
    She studied hard, so she passed the exam.
  2. খ
    She studied hard, and she passed the exam.
  3. গ
    She studied hard, therefore she passed the exam.
  4. ঘ
    All of the above
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
All of the above
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
All of the above
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
→ Answer: All of the above.

→ Complex sentence-এর মধ্যে subordinate clause থাকে, যা subordinating conjunction (যেমন: since, because, although ইত্যাদি) দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়। Compound sentence তৈরি করতে হলে দুটি independent clause (main clause) কে coordinating conjunction (যেমন: and, but, so, therefore, or ইত্যাদি) ব্যবহার করে যুক্ত করতে হয়।
→ অর্থাৎ যদি Complex Sentence-টি "since," "as," বা "when" দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তাহলে Compound Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়:
- "Since," "as," বা "when" বাদ যাবে।
- দুই clause-এর মাঝে "and," "so," "hence," বা "therefore" যুক্ত হবে।
- Main clause অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।

→ উল্লেখিত complex sentence: "Since she studied hard, she passed the exam."
এখানে, "Since she studied hard" হলো subordinate clause এবং "she passed the exam" হলো main clause।
এই sentence-টি "Since" (যেহেতু) ব্যবহার করে, যা শর্ত বা কারণ বোঝায়।

→ Compound Sentence রূপান্তর: একটি compound sentence তৈরি করতে, coordinating conjunction (যেমন: and, so, therefore) ব্যবহার করা হয়।
(ক) She studied hard, so she passed the exam.  "so" এখানে কারণ বা ফলাফল বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে, যা "Since" এর শর্তের সাথে মিলছে।
(খ) She studied hard, and she passed the exam.  "and" যুক্ত করেছে দুটি independent clause, তবে এটি কারণ বা ফলাফল সম্পর্কিত স্পষ্ট নয়, তবুও grammatical ভাবে সঠিক।
(গ) She studied hard, therefore she passed the exam. "therefore" একটি logical connection স্থাপন করেছে, যা কারণ এবং ফলাফল বোঝাচ্ছে।

→ উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নের তিনটি বাক্যই সঠিক, তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো (ঘ) All of the above.

Example:
Complex: Since he was late, he missed the bus.
Compound: He was late, and he missed the bus.
Compound: He was late, so he missed the bus.
Compound: He was late, hence he missed the bus.
Compound: He was late, therefore he missed the bus.
৫৮.
As she walked through the forest, she could hear the sounds of birds chirping. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    Walked through the forest, she heard the sounds of birds chirping.
  2. খ
    She walked through the forest because she could hear the sounds of birds chirping.
  3. গ
    She walked through the forest and she could hear the sounds of birds chirping.
  4. ঘ
    When she walked through the forest, she could hear the sounds of birds chirping.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
She walked through the forest and she could hear the sounds of birds chirping.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
She walked through the forest and she could hear the sounds of birds chirping.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex to Compound: 
- Complex sentence এর একটি clause এর আগে যদি as থাকলে Compound sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম: 
- As তুলে দিতে হবে + 
- As এর পরবর্তী clause টি লিখতে হবে + 
- and বসবে + 
- শেষে অপর clause- টি বসবে। 

সুতরাং,
Complex Sentence: As she walked through the forest, she could hear the sounds of birds chirping.
Compound Sentence: She walked through the forest and she could hear the sounds of birds chirping.
 
Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৫৯.
The compound form of: Though I was tired, I stayed up to finish my work.
  1. ক
    Since I was tired, yet I stayed up to finish my work.
  2. খ
    I was tired, but yet I stayed up to finish my work.
  3. গ
    I was tired, so I stayed up to finish my work.
  4. ঘ
    I was tired, yet I stayed up to finish my work.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
I was tired, yet I stayed up to finish my work.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
I was tired, yet I stayed up to finish my work.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

- Complex: Though I was tired, I stayed up to finish my work.
- Compound: I was tired, yet I stayed up to finish my work.
​
• Though/Although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence- এ পরিবর্তন করতে but/yet- coordinate marker ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- অর্থাৎ, দুইটা sentence- এর অর্থ যদি পরস্পর বিপরীত হয় তাহলে but/yet দ্বারা compound sentence করতে হয়।

• More Example:
- Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
- Compound: He is poor but honest.

- ​​Complex: Though the road was rough, they kept driving.
- Compound: The road was rough, yet they kept driving.

৬০.
She came here to find an explanation. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) As she came here, she found an explanation.
  2. খ
    খ) She came here and finded an explanation
  3. গ
    গ) She came here and found an explanation.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) She came here so that she could find an explanation.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) She came here and found an explanation.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) She came here and found an explanation.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Co-ordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুটি independent clause যুক্ত থাকলে তাকে compound sentence বলে। 

প্রদত্ত অপশনগুলোর মধ্যে, সর্বাধিক উপযুক্ত উত্তর হলো: She came here and found an explanation. 
৬১.
You must work hard in order to succeed. (Compound)
  1. ক
    Work hard or you will succeed.
  2. খ
    You must work hard and succeed.
  3. গ
    Work hard and you will succeed.
  4. ঘ
    Work hard to succeed.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Work hard and you will succeed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Work hard and you will succeed.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - গ) Work hard and you will succeed.

Simple Sentence থেকে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম (যেখানে উদ্দেশ্য প্রকাশে to + verb বা in order to ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে):
Simple Sentence-এ যদি to + verb (যেমন: to succeed, to pass, to win ইত্যাদি) কোনো উদ্দেশ্য (purpose) প্রকাশ করে, অথবা যদি in order to ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাহলে এই বাক্যটিকে Compound Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময় নিচের নিয়ম অনুসরণ করতে হয়:
- in order to + verb থাকলে, “in order to”-র জায়গায় “and (you will)” বসাতে হবে।
- to + verb থাকলে, "to" বাদ দিতে হবে এবং বাক্যটির পূর্বের অংশটিকে Imperative Sentence (আদেশমূলক বাক্য) হিসেবে রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- এরপর "and (you will)" বসিয়ে বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় অংশটি যুক্ত করতে হবে।

• Examples:
Simple: You must work hard in order to succeed. 
Compound: Work hard and you will succeed.

Simple: Do it in order to get money.
Compound: Do it and (you will) get money.

Simple: Study hard in order to pass the exam. 
Compound: Study hard and (you will) pass the exam.

Other options:
ক) Work hard or you will succeed. – ভুল, কারণ “or” ব্যবহার করে বিপরীত অর্থ বোঝায়।
খ) You must work hard and succeed. – ভুল, কারণ এটি compound sentence নয়; এখানে “you will” যুক্ত করা হয়নি।
ঘ) Work hard to succeed. – ভুল, এটি simple sentence হিসেবে থেকেই আছে, compound sentence নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৬২.
Having attended the meeting, she provided a summary. (Compound)
  1. ক
    She had attended the meeting and provided a summary.
  2. খ
    She had attended the meeting to provided a summary.
  3. গ
    She had attended the meeting and provide a summary.
  4. ঘ
    She has attended the meeting and then provided a summary.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
She had attended the meeting and provided a summary.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
She had attended the meeting and provided a summary.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
• Perfect Participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Subject বসে,
- Perfect Participle এর past Perfect form বসে,
- and বসে,
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

Simple: Having forgotten him, I went out.
Compound: I had forgotten him and went out.

Simple Sentence: Having prepared the meal, she set the table.
Compound Sentence: She had prepared the meal and set the table.

Simple: Having attended the meeting, she provided a summary.
Compound: She had attended the meeting and provided a summary.

- প্রথমে Subject বসেছে।
- এ বাক্যে Perfect Participle হচ্ছে - Having attended.
- যার past Perfect form হচ্ছে - had attended.
- এরপর গঠন অনুযায়ী বাক্যের বাকী অংশ বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৬৩.
He delivered a fiery speech that inspired the soldiers to fight dauntlessly. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) He delivered a fiery speech and inspired the soldiers to fight dauntlessly.
  2. খ
    খ) He delivered a fiery speech, yet it inspired the soldiers to fight dauntlessly.
  3. গ
    গ) He delivered a fiery speech and it inspired the soldiers to fight dauntlessly.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) He delivered a fiery speech, for it inspired the soldiers to fight dauntlessly.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) He delivered a fiery speech and it inspired the soldiers to fight dauntlessly.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) He delivered a fiery speech and it inspired the soldiers to fight dauntlessly.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
that দিয়ে speech কে বুঝাচ্ছে। তাই এর পরিবর্তে Compound Sentence এ it বসাতে হবে এবং conjunction – and বসবে।
৬৪.
Though he was tired, he kept working. (Compound)
  1. ক
    He was tired, yet he kept working.
  2. খ
    He was tired, and he kept working.
  3. গ
    He was tired, therefore he kept working.
  4. ঘ
    He was tired, but he kept workings.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He was tired, yet he kept working.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He was tired, yet he kept working.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex: Though he was tired, he kept working.
Compound: He was tired, yet he kept working.

• Though/Although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence- এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম: 
- Though/Although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence- এ পরিবর্তন করতে but/yet coordinate marker ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- অর্থাৎ দুইটা sentence- এর অর্থ যদি পরস্পর বিপরীত হয় তাহলে but/yet দ্বারা compound sentence করতে হয়।

উদাহরণ:
Complex: Though he is poor, he is honest.
Compound: He is poor but honest.

Complex: Though he was a rich man, he led a simple life.
Compound: He was a rich man yet he led a simple life.
৬৫.
Adam’s fall was a fortunate fall. (Compound)
  1. ক
    ক) Adam fell and it was a fortunate fall.
  2. খ
    খ) Adam fell but it was a fortunate fall.
  3. গ
    গ) Adam falled but it was fortunate fall.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Adam’s fall was fall which was fortunate.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Adam fell but it was a fortunate fall.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Adam fell but it was a fortunate fall.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Adam’s fall – Phrase কে Clause এ রূপান্তুরিত করলে প্রসঙ্গ অনুযায়ী Adam fell হবে। আর এর সাথে it was fortunate fall হচ্ছে বিপরীতধর্মী ধারণা, কারণ fall বা পতন সাধারণত দুর্ভাগ্য হিসেবে বিবেচিত হয়। আর বিপরীতধর্মিী ধারণা হলে Compound Sentence এ Conjunction – but ব্যবহৃত হয়।
৬৬.
Though they started early, they missed the train. (make it compound)
  1. ক
    They started early, but they missed the train.
  2. খ
    They started early, and they missed the train.
  3. গ
    They started early, or they missed the train.
  4. ঘ
    They started early, so they missed the train.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
They started early, but they missed the train.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
They started early, but they missed the train.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: They started early, but they missed the train.
- প্রদত্ত Complex sentence টিতে এই দুটি স্বাধীন clause-কে "but" দিয়ে যুক্ত হয়েছে। যেহেতু মূল বাক্যের "Though" শব্দটি বৈপরীত্য বোঝাতে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে। তাই Compound Sentence-এ একই বৈপরীত্য বোঝানোর জন্য coordinating conjunction "but" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
 
• Though/ although যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ although উঠে যায়।
- ১ম Clause টি বসে।
- মাঝে But বসে।
- ২য় Clause টি বসে।

Other options:
খ) They started early, and they missed the train.
- ভুল কারণ, Though/ although যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে দুটি  clause-কে "but" দিয়ে যুক্ত হয়।

গ) They started early, or they missed the train.
-  ভুল কারণ, Though/ although যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে দুটি  clause-কে "but" দিয়ে যুক্ত হয়।

ঘ) They started early, so they missed the train.
- ভুল কারণ, Though/ although যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে দুটি  clause-কে "but" দিয়ে যুক্ত হয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬৭.
Which one will be the correct simple form of the following sentence: If you do not read attentively, you will not pass in the exam.
  1. ক
    ক) Without read attentively, you will not pass the exam.
  2. খ
    খ) Reading attentively then you will not pass the exam.
  3. গ
    গ) Reading attentively, you will not pass the exam.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Without reading attentively, you will not pass the exam.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Without reading attentively, you will not pass the exam.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Without reading attentively, you will not pass the exam.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Complex to simple এর সময়,

• If দ্বারা গঠিত শর্তমূলক না বোধক complex sentence কে simple করার নিয়ম : 
- প্রথমে without বসে
- If clause এর মূল verb এর present form এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়
-  ক্রিয়ার পরের অংশ বসে
- comma (,) বসে
- অপর clause টি বসে।
Example:
Complex: If you do not read attentively, you will not pass the examination.
Simple: Without reading attentively, you will not pass the examination.

Source:  Advanced Learner’s by Chowdhury & Hossain
৬৮.
Without paying the fee, you cannot access the online course materials. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    If you don't pay the fee, you cannot access the online course materials.
  2. খ
    Pay the fee otherwise, you cannot access the online course materials.
  3. গ
    Pay the fee otherwise so that you cannot access the online course materials.
  4. ঘ
    None of these.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Pay the fee otherwise, you cannot access the online course materials.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Pay the fee otherwise, you cannot access the online course materials.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple Sentence: Without paying the fee, you cannot access the online course materials.
Compound Sentence: Pay the fee otherwise, you cannot access the online course materials. 

• Without ↔ otherwise/or (simple ↔ compound):
• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি simple sentence- এ রয়েছে।
• Simple sentence যদি without + verb + ing দ্বারা শুরু হয়, এ ধরনের sentence কে Compound করার নিয়ম : 
- Without বাদ যাবে, 
- দুটি clause-এর মাঝে or/otherwise বসবে এবং 
- শেষের clause- টি  বসে।
৬৯.
'I really need to go to work, but I am too sick to drive.' This is a -
  1. ক
    ক) Simple sentence
  2. খ
    খ) Complex sentence
  3. গ
    গ) Compound sentence
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Exclamatory sentence
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Compound sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Compound sentence
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নেও বাক্যটি - Compound sentence.
 
প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি compound sentence এর উদাহরণ।
Compound sentence এ সাধারণত দুইটি principal clause and, or, but, else, yet, otherwise, therefore ইত্যাদি conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে।

Example: 
- I really need to go to work, but I am too sick to drive.
- I am counting my calories, yet I really want dessert.
- He ran out of money, so he had to stop playing poker.
৭০.
They bought a new machine to increase productivity. (make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) They bought a new machine in order that they could increase productivity.
  2. খ
    খ) They bought a new machine so that the machine can increase productivity.
  3. গ
    গ) They bought a new machine and they can increase productivity.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) They wanted to increase productivity and so they bought a new machine.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) They wanted to increase productivity and so they bought a new machine.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) They wanted to increase productivity and so they bought a new machine.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple sentence এ to অথবা in order to থাকলে Compound sentence এ and so/and so/ and therefore বসাতে হয়।
- এক্ষেত্রে Clause গুলো উল্টে যাবে এবং প্রথম Clause এ ‘want to’ যোগ হবে।
- সে অনুসারে প্রদত্ত বাক্যের সঠিক compound form হবে - They wanted to increase productivity and so they bought a new machine.
৭১.
Since the old sailor killed the bird, he brought bad luck. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    The old sailor killed the bird and brought bad luck.
  2. খ
    The old sailor killed the bird so that brought bad luck.
  3. গ
    The old sailor killed the bird and so that brought bad luck.
  4. ঘ
    The old sailor killed the bird therefore so brought bad luck.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The old sailor killed the bird and brought bad luck.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
The old sailor killed the bird and brought bad luck.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex to compound:
• Compound Sentence এ কাজের ধারাবাহিকতা অনুযায়ী Clause গুলো বসে।
- সর্বদা প্রথমে কারন এবং পরে ফলাফল আসে।
- Complex sentence এ as/ since/ because ইত্যাদি থাকলে
- প্রথমে as/ since/ because উঠে যায় এবং subject বসে,
- দুই clause এর মাঝখানে and/ and so বসে।
- Comma (,) উঠে যায়
- Subject একই হলে ২য় Clause এ Subject এর প্রয়োজন নেই।

Complex: Since the old sailor killed the bird, he brought bad luck.
Compound: The old sailor killed the bird and brought bad luck.
৭২.
Though he is allergic to gluten, he ate the dessert. (compound)
  1. ক
    He is allergic to gluten, and then ate the dessert.
  2. খ
    He is allergic to gluten, so ate the dessert.
  3. গ
    He is allergic to gluten, and ate the dessert.
  4. ঘ
    He is allergic to gluten, but ate the dessert.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He is allergic to gluten, but ate the dessert.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
He is allergic to gluten, but ate the dessert.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Though/although যুক্ত complex sentence কে compound sentence এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:

• Though/although উঠে যায়,
- ১ম clause টি বসে,
- but বসে,
- ২য় clause বসে।

Complex: Though he tried to pray, he could not get rid of the curse.
Compound: He tried to pray but could not get rid of the curse.

Complex: Though he is allergic to gluten, he ate the dessert.
Compound: He is allergic to gluten, but ate the dessert.

Source: Advanced Learners by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৭৩.
She was too ill to attend the meeting. (Compound) 
  1. ক
    She was very ill so could not attend the meeting.
  2. খ
    She was very ill and cannot attend the meeting.
  3. গ
    She was very ill and could not attend the meeting.
  4. ঘ
    She was very ill then could not attend the meeting. 
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
She was very ill and could not attend the meeting.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
She was very ill and could not attend the meeting.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Simple to Compound:
• Simple sentence এ too + adjective + to + verb থাকলে Compound এ too এর স্থলে very এবং to এর স্থলে and বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী can not/could not বসে।
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

Simple sentence: She was too ill to attend the meeting.
Compound sentence: She was very ill and could not attend the meeting.

৭৪.
She was moaning as she lost her beloved cat. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) She was moaning and she lost her beloved cat.
  2. খ
    খ) She lost her beloved cat and was moaning.
  3. গ
    গ) She was moaning and because she lost her beloved cat.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) She was moaning but she lost her beloved cat.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) She lost her beloved cat and was moaning.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) She lost her beloved cat and was moaning.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Compound Sentence এ কাজের ধারাবাহিকতা অনুযায়ী Clause গুলো বসে। 
as/ since/ because ইত্যাদি থাকলে মাঝখানে and বসে। 
Subject একই হলে ২য় Clause এ Subject প্রয়োজন নেই।
এখানে কাজের ধারাবাহিকতা হচ্ছে প্রথমে বিড়াল হারানো এবং পরে বিলাপ করা, তাই clause গুলোকে উল্টোভাবে বসাতে হবে। 

অর্থাৎ, She lost her beloved cat শুরুতে বসবে তার পর and বসবে এবং subject একই হওয়ায় পরের clause এ আর subject এর প্রয়োজন হবে না।
৭৫.
I know your plan. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) I know that you have a plan.
  2. খ
    খ) You have a plan and I know it.
  3. গ
    গ) You have a plan which I know.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) I know what is your plan.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) You have a plan and I know it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) You have a plan and I know it.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
You have a plan and I know it. 
বাংলা অনুবাদ= তোমার একটি পরিকল্পনা আছে এবং সেইটা আমি জানি। 

Structure= Second subject + be verb + object + and + first subject + main verb + object. 

যেসব sentence- এ একাধিক principal clause বা main clause বা প্রধান উপবাক্য থাকে সেসব sentence কে Compound Sentence বা যৌগিক বাক্য বলে। Compound Sentence বা যৌগিক বাক্যের দুটি main clause co-ordinating Linker বা conjunction দ্বারা সংযুক্ত থাকে। 

Reference: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain
৭৬.
The visitors go to Kuakata to enjoy natural beauties. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) The visitors go to Kuakata and enjoy natural beauties.
  2. খ
    খ) The visitors want to enjoy natural beauties and so they go to Kuakata.
  3. গ
    গ) The visitors going to Kuakata enjoy natural beauties.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) The visitors go to Kuakata in order that they can enjoy natural beauties.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) The visitors want to enjoy natural beauties and so they go to Kuakata.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) The visitors want to enjoy natural beauties and so they go to Kuakata.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple Sentence এ to/ in order to (= ....তে, উদ্দেশ্যে) থাকলে Compound Sentence এ and so/ and therefore (= এবং তাই) যোগ হয়।
আর এটা বিশেষভাবে মনে রাখতে হবে যে, and যোগে তৈরি Compound Sentence এ কাজের ধারাবাহিকতা অনুযায়ী Clause গুলো ব্যবহৃত হয়।
যেহেতু উদ্দেশ্য আগে এবং কাজ পরে, তাই to/ in order to যুক্ত Verb টি প্রথম Clause হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হবে এবং এ উদ্দেশ্যেই যে কাজটা হচ্ছে সেটা স্পষ্টভাবে বোঝানোর জন্য ‘want to’ যোগ করতে হবে।
৭৭.
‘Take another chance, else your life will be at peril.' This is a-
  1. ক
    compound sentence
  2. খ
    complex sentence
  3. গ
    simple sentence
  4. ঘ
    interrogative sentence
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
compound sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
compound sentence
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

এটি একটি compound sentence কারণ এখানে দুটি Independent Clause যুক্ত হয়েছে else শব্দটি দ্বারা।
Source: Applied English Grammar and Composition by P C Das

৭৮.
"Do the work, else I will punish you." This is an example of -
  1. ক
    Simple sentence
  2. খ
    Complex sentence
  3. গ
    Compound sentence
  4. ঘ
    Optative sentence
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Compound sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Compound sentence
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Compound Sentence (যৌগিক বাক্য)
• At least দুটি Clauses থাকবে এবং সেই Clause কেই হতে হবে Independent Clauses.
• Co-ordinate Conjunction যেমন and, or, but, for, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else ইত্যাদি দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে।

যেমন-
• Work hard and you can prosper in life.
• Do or die.
• She is absent, for she is sick.
• Do the work, else I will punish you.

• She is absent, for she is sick.
- for অর্থ এখানে 'কারণ'।
- for একটি Co-ordinate Conjunction, আর Co-ordinate Conjunction দিয়ে যখন দুটি Clause যুক্ত হয় তখন তাকে বলা হয় Compound Sentence.
৭৯.
I read the book to understand the concept better. (Compound Sentence)
  1. ক
    I wanted to understand concept better and so I read the book.
  2. খ
    I wanted to understand the concept better and therefore I read the book.
  3. গ
    I wanted to understand the concept better and so therefore I read the book.
  4. ঘ
    I wanted to understand the concept better and therefore to I read the book.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
I wanted to understand the concept better and therefore I read the book.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
I wanted to understand the concept better and therefore I read the book.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple sentence এ to অথবা in order to থাকলে Compound Sentence এ পরিণত করতে তিনটি কাজ করতে হয় -
- যথা-
(1) Clause গুলোর অবস্থান উল্টে যাবে।
(2) ‘want to’ অতিরিক্ত যোগ হবে।
(3) ‘and so/ therefore’ Conjunction যোগ হবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে -
Simple: They worked overtime to save money for a vacation.
Compound: They wanted to save money for a vacation and therefore they worked overtime.

Simple: I read the book to understand the concept better.
Compound: I wanted to understand the concept better and therefore I read the book.

Other options,
ক) I wanted to understand concept better and so I read the book.
- এখানে concept এর আগে the নেই তাই এটি ভুল।

গ) I wanted to understand the concept better and so therefore I read the book.
- এখানে and so therefore আছে বিধায় এটি ভুল, হয় 'and so' হবে অথবা 'and therefore' হবে।

ঘ) I wanted to understand the concept better and therefore to I read the book.
- এখানে 'and therefore to' আছে তাই এটি ভুল, to উঠে যাবে 'and therefore' হলে এটি ঠিক হতো।
৮০.
"Study the map carefully, else you may get lost in the unfamiliar city." This is a-
  1. ক
    Compound Sentence
  2. খ
    Complex Sentence
  3. গ
    Simple Sentence
  4. ঘ
    Interrogative Sentence
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Compound Sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Compound Sentence
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
"Study the map carefully, else you may get lost in the unfamiliar city." This is a- Compound Sentence.

Compound Sentence:
- যে বাক্যে একাধিক Principal Clause 'Coordinating Conjunction' দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তাকে Compound Sentence বলে।
Compound Sentence গঠনের শর্ত হচ্ছে-
- বাক্যে একের অধিক Principal Clause থাকবে।
- বাক্যে এক বা একাধিক Coordinating Conjunction থাকবে।

- and, or, but, both, fewer than, neither, and, not only.... but also, no less than, neither... nor, either... or, otherwise, still, yet, else, nevertheless, on the contrary, while, whereas, only, so, therefore, consequently, for- ইত্যাদি Coordinating Conjunction দ্বারা Compound Sentence গঠিত হয়।

- Study the map carefully, else you may get lost in the unfamiliar city. বাক্যটিতে 'else' Coordinating Conjunction রয়েছে এবং দুইটি Prinipal Sentence কে 'else' Coordinating Conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত করা হয়েছে। তাই, বাক্যটি একটি Compound Sentence.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৮১.
I saw him going to the stadium to watch a football match. (Compound)
  1. ক
    I saw him and so he is going to the stadium to watch a football match.
  2. খ
    I saw him to go to the stadium to watch a football match.
  3. গ
    I saw him who was going to the stadium to watch a football match.
  4. ঘ
    I saw him and he was going to the stadium to watch a football match.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
I saw him and he was going to the stadium to watch a football match.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
I saw him and he was going to the stadium to watch a football match.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple Sentence: I saw him going to the stadium to watch a football match.
Compound Sentence: I saw him and he was going to the stadium to watch a football match. 
→ বাক্যটিতে co-ordinating conjunction 'and' দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত হয়েছে।

Compound Sentence:
→ যে বাক্যে একাধিক Principal Clause 'Coordinating Conjunction' দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তাকে Compound Sentence বলে।
Compound Sentence গঠনের শর্ত হচ্ছে-
→ বাক্যে একের অধিক Principal Clause থাকবে।
→ বাক্যে এক বা একাধিক Coordinating Conjunction থাকবে।

⇒ and, or, but, both, fewer than, neither, and, not only.... but also, no less than, neither... nor, either... or, otherwise, still, yet, else, nevertheless, on the contrary, while, whereas, only, so, therefore, consequently, for- ইত্যাদি Coordinating Conjunction দ্বারা Compound Sentence গঠিত হয়।
৮২.
Study hard or fail the exam. (Make it Simple.)
  1. ক
    By studying hard, you will fail the exam.
  2. খ
    Studying hard, you will fail the exam.
  3. গ
    Without studying hard, you will fail the exam.
  4. ঘ
    Without studying hard, you failed the exam.
  5. ঙ
    None
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Without studying hard, you will fail the exam.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Without studying hard, you will fail the exam.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Compound Sentence: Study hard or fail the exam.
Simple Sentence: Without studying hard, you will fail the exam.
 
• Or যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Simple করার নিয়ম:

- প্রথমে Without বসে + প্রথম বাক্যের মূল verb এর সাথে ing যোগ হয় + verb এর পরের অংশ বসে (যদি থাকে) + or এর পরিবর্তে (,) বসে + দ্বিতীয় বাক্য/বাক্যাংশ বসে। 
- এখানে দ্বিতীয় বাক্যে শুধু "regret it later" আছে বিধায় এটি future tense এ হবে। 

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৩.
Since the project was challenging, they worked hard on it. (Compound)
  1. ক
    The project was challenging and then they worked hard on it.
  2. খ
    The project was challenging but they worked hard on it.
  3. গ
    The project was challenging so that they worked hard on it.
  4. ঘ
    The project was challenging and they worked hard on it.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
The project was challenging and they worked hard on it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
The project was challenging and they worked hard on it.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex to compound:

- Since/as/ when উঠে যায়,
- দুটি clause এর মাঝে and বসে,
- আর সব ঠিক থাকে।

Complex: Since the writer was young, he could not refuse the proposal of the lady guest.
Compound: The writer was young and could not refuse the proposal of the lady guest.

Complex: Since the project was challenging, they worked hard on it.
Compound: The project was challenging and they worked hard on it.

Source: Advanced Learners by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮৪.
Whereas an honest man is a blessing to society, a corrupted man is a curse. (make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) In spite an honest man is a blessing to society, a corrupted man is a curse.
  2. খ
    খ) An honest man is a blessing to society but a corrupted man is a curse.
  3. গ
    গ) An honest man is a blessing to society and a corrupted man is a curse.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) An honest man is a blessing to society or a corrupted man is a curse.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) An honest man is a blessing to society but a corrupted man is a curse.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) An honest man is a blessing to society but a corrupted man is a curse.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Whereas = যেখানে (তুলনামূলক পার্থক্য বুঝাতে)।
বিপরীতমুখী ধারণা হলে Compound Sentence এ Conjunction হিসেবে but বসে।
তাই উপরোক্ত বাক্যটির compound form হবে: An honest man is a blessing to society but a corrupted man is a curse.
৮৫.
Having read the book, I returned it to the library. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    I had read the book then returned it to the library.
  2. খ
    I had read the book for returned it to the library.
  3. গ
    I had read the book so that returned it to the library.
  4. ঘ
    I had read the book and returned it to the library.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
I had read the book and returned it to the library.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
I had read the book and returned it to the library.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
- Simple: Having read the book, I returned it to the library.
- Compound: I had read the book and returned it to the library.

• Perfect Participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Subject বসে,
- Perfect Participle এর Past Perfect form বসে,
- and বসে,
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

• More examples:
- Simple: Having locked the door, he left the house.
- Compound: He had locked the door and left the house.

- Simple: Having forgotten him, I went out.
- Compound: I had forgotten him and went out.
৮৬.
When they were playing, it began to rain. (make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) They were playing but it was raining.
  2. খ
    খ) They were playing and it began to rain.
  3. গ
    গ) They were playing at the time of raining.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) They were playing but it begins to rain.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) They were playing and it began to rain.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) They were playing and it began to rain.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি Complex from এ আছে।
Complex থেকে compound করতে হলে -
১. Complex এর conjunction বাদ দিতে হবে।
২. Compound এর conjunction যোগ করতে হবে।
৩. ২টি clause এর মধ্যে ১টি clause (সাধারণত যে clause এর আগে কোন conjunction থাকে না) যেভাবে আছে সেভাবে রেখে দিতে হবে।
   
সে অনুসারে সঠিক compound form হবে They were playing and it began to rain.
এখানে clause দুটি বৈপরীত্য প্রকাশ করছে না বলে but হবে না।
৮৭.
Make it compound: As soon as I reached the station, the train left. 
  1. ক
    I reached the station, the train had left.
  2. খ
    I reached the station and when the train left.
  3. গ
    I reached the station at that very moment the train left.
  4. ঘ
    I reached the station and at that very moment the train left.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
I reached the station and at that very moment the train left.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
I reached the station and at that very moment the train left.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Sentence এর Transformation এর ক্ষেত্রে যে কাজ গুলো করতে হয়,

• Add (যোগ করা),
• Deduct (বাদ দেয়া)
• Retain (যেভাবে আছে সেভাবে রাখা)

• অর্থাৎ - বাক্যের ধরন অনুযায়ী Preposition/Conjunction একটা যোগ ও একটা বিয়োগ করতে হবে,
- এবং ২টি Clause এর মধ্যে ১টি Clause যেভাবে আছে সেভাবে রেখে দিতে হবে।

• Complex to compound এর সময়,
• Complex Sentence এ As soon as থাকলে Compound Sentence এ and at that very moment (এবং ঠিক ঐ মূহুর্তে) বসে।

Simple: As soon as I reached the station, the train left. 
Compound: I reached the station and at that very moment the train left.
৮৮.
Everyone knows that the earth is round. (Change it to compound)
  1. ক
    ক) The earth is round and everyone knows it.
  2. খ
    খ) Everyone knows that earth is circular in shape.
  3. গ
    গ) The Earth is round is a known fact.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) The Earth is round is known to everyone.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) The earth is round and everyone knows it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) The earth is round and everyone knows it.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
- The correct answer is: The earth is round and everyone knows it.
- Among the options, only this sentence has two independent clauses.
৮৯.
Which of the following can be the simple form of the sentence - 'He worked hard and prospered in life.'?
  1. ক
    ক) By working hard, he prospered in life.
  2. খ
    খ) Working hard, he prospered in life.
  3. গ
    গ) Because of working hard, he prospered in life.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) All of these
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) All of these
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) All of these
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• And যুক্ত compound sentence কে কয়েক ভাবে simple sentence এ পরিবর্তন করা যায় -

• Compound এ and দ্বারা দুটি কাজ যুক্ত থাকলে simple এর শুরুতে প্রথম  verb টি + ing হয়।
• অথবা Because of + verb + ing হয়।
• আবার, By + verb + ing বসিয়েও simple sentence এ পরিণত করা যায়।

যেমন - 
• Compound sentence - 'He worked hard and prospered in life.
• Simple sentence: 
- Working hard, he prospered in life.
- Because of working hard, he prospered in life.
- By working hard, he prospered in life.
৯০.
He could not become happy though he gained a huge property. (Make it Compound)
  1. ক
    ক) He could not become happy but he gained a huge property.
  2. খ
    খ) He could not become happy and he gained a huge property.
  3. গ
    গ) He could not become happy despite he gained a huge property.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) He gained a huge property but could not become happy.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) He gained a huge property but could not become happy.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) He gained a huge property but could not become happy.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence এ though যদি মাঝে থাকে, তাহলে Compound Sentence এ Though বাদ যাবে এবং though যুক্ত Clause টি প্রথমে বসে, তারপর but বসে। অতঃপর অন্য Clause বসে। এ হিসেবে ঘ সঠিক। 
৯১.
What type of sentence is 'Do or die'.
  1. ক
    Complex
  2. খ
    Simple
  3. গ
    Compound
  4. ঘ
    Exclamatory
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Compound
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Compound
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• "Do or die." is a - Compound sentence.
- Do or die. - এই sentence টিতে 'or' দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত আছে, তাই এটি Compound Sentence.

• Compound sentence:  
- যদি কোন বাক্যে একাধিক principle clause and, or, but, yet, so, therefore ইত্যাদি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তাকে Compound sentence বলে। 
- অর্থাৎ, Compound sentence- এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৯২.
She works hard so that she can complete the project. (Compound)
  1. ক
    So she works hard and she complete the project.
  2. খ
    Works hard and she can complete the project.
  3. গ
    She works hard in order to complete the project.
  4. ঘ
    She wants to complete the project and so she works hard.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
She wants to complete the project and so she works hard.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
She wants to complete the project and so she works hard.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Sentence এর Transformation এর ক্ষেত্রে যে কাজ গুলো করতে হয়,

• Add (যোগ করা),
• Deduct (বাদ দেয়া)
• Retain (যেভাবে আছে সেভাবে রাখা)

• অর্থাৎ - বাক্যের ধরন অনুযায়ী Preposition/Conjunction একটা যোগ ও একটা বিয়োগ করতে হবে,
- এবং ২টি Clause এর মধ্যে ১টি Clause যেভাবে আছে সেভাবে রেখে দিতে হবে।

• Complex to compound এর সময়,
• so that দ্বারা গঠিত বাক্যকে Complex to compound করার নিয়ম : 
• এ ধরনের বাক্যে Compound Sentence এ ৩টি কাজ করতে হয়। যথা -

1. Clause গুলোর অবস্থান উল্টে যাবে।
2. Want to অতিরিক্ত যোগ করতে হবে।
3. so that এর পরিবর্তে ‘And so/ therefore’ conjunction যোগ হবে।

Complex: She works hard so that she can complete the project.
Compound: She wants to complete the project and so she works hard.

Source: Live MCQ English Wizard Lecture.
৯৩.
In spite of his desire, he failed. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) He was desired but failed
  2. খ
    খ) He desired and failed
  3. গ
    গ) He was desired and failed
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) He was desirous but he failed.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) He was desirous but he failed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) He was desirous but he failed.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
He was desirous (আশাবাদী) but he failed. 
বাংলা অনুবাদ- সে আশাবাদী ছিল, কিন্তু ব্যর্থ হয়েছে। 

Simple sentence এ যদি কোন phrase এ যদি in spite of থাকে তাহলে তাকে compound sentence করতে হলে in spite of তুলে দিয়ে এর স্থলে phrase টিকে clause এ রূপান্তর করে সেই clause এর পর but বসাতে হয় এবং পরবর্তী clause টি তার পরে বসাতে হয়। 

যে Sentence-এ দুই বা তার অধিক Principal Clause থাকে, তাকে Compound Sentence বলে। A Compound Sentence is one which has two or more Principal Clauses.

Compound Sentence-এর clause গুলি সাধারণত: and, or, but, for, so, therefore, then, yet, ‍nor  প্রভৃতি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে।

Reference: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain
৯৪.
Drinking water, the writer wanted to save money. (make it compound)
  1. ক
    The writer drank water, but he wanted to save money.
  2. খ
    The writer drank water and wanted to save money.
  3. গ
    The writer drank water, yet he wanted to save money.
  4. ঘ
    Because the writer drank water so he wanted to save money.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The writer drank water and wanted to save money.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
The writer drank water and wanted to save money.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: The writer drank water and wanted to save money.

• Present Participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence থেকে Compound Sentence:
- যদি Simple sentence-এ Present Participle Phrase (Verb + ing) ব্যবহার করে কারণ (Reason) বোঝানো হয়, তাহলে Compound sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়-
- Present Participle Phrase (Verb + ing)-কে Independent Clause-এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- দুটি Independent Clause যুক্ত করতে and  ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- অর্থাৎ যদি Simple Sentence-এ কোনো ব্যক্তির কাজ করার কারণ এবং তার ফলাফল উল্লেখ থাকে, তবে Compound Sentence-এ প্রথমে কারণ উল্লেখ করা হয় এবং তারপর ফলাফল-কে conjunction "and" দিয়ে যুক্ত করা হয়।

Other options:
ক) The writer drank water, but he wanted to save money.
- ভুল কারণ, Present Participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence থেকে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তর করার সময় দুটি Independent Clause যুক্ত করতে and ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

গ) The writer drank water, yet he wanted to save money.
- ভুল কারণ, Present Participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence থেকে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তর করার সময় দুটি Independent Clause যুক্ত করতে and ব্যবহার করতে হবে

ঘ) Because the writer drank water so he wanted to save money.
-  ভুল কারণ, Present Participle যুক্ত Simple Sentence থেকে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তর করার সময় Present Participle Phrase (Verb + ing)-কে Independent Clause-এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৫.
If you work hard, you will prosper in life. What is the correct compound sentence?
  1. ক
    Work hard and you will prosper in life.
  2. খ
    Work hard or you will prosper in life.
  3. গ
    Work hard but you will prosper in life.
  4. ঘ
    Work hard so you will prosper in life.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Work hard and you will prosper in life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Work hard and you will prosper in life.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - ক) Work hard and you will prosper in life.

• Complex sentence থেকে compound sentence করার ক্ষেত্রে:
Complex sentence-এর একটি clause যদি if you-দ্বারা গঠিত হয় বা if-clause হয় তাহলে নিম্নরূপে তাকে compound-এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হয়:
- Complex sentence টি যদি affirmative বা হ্যাঁ-বোধক হয় তাহলে if you clause টা তুলে দিয়ে, বাক্যে verb-এর পরে and ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- Complex sentence-টি যদি না-বোধক বা negative হয় তাহলে if you do not তুলে দিয়ে verb এর শেষে or বসাতে হয়। Examples:
Complex: If you work hard, you will prosper in life.
Compound : Work hard and you will prosper in life.

Complex: If you study, you will pass.
Compound: Study and you will pass.

Complex : If you eat a balanced diet, you will remain healthy.
Compound : Eat a balanced diet and you will remain healthy.

Complex : If you do not move, you will die.
Compound: Move or you will die.

Source: A Passage To The English Language. S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৯৬.
Work hard _______. Complete the sentence by choosing the clause that makes it compound.
  1. ক
    for success
  2. খ
    to get success
  3. গ
    so that you can get success.
  4. ঘ
    and you will succeed.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
and you will succeed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
and you will succeed.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Compound sentence এর দুইটি clause কে or, but, and ইত্যাদি conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত করতে হয়।
সুতরাং সঠিক compound বাক্যটি হবে - Work hard and you will succeed.
৯৭.
They saved money to buy a new house. (Make it Compound)
  1. ক
    They saved money and so bought a new house.
  2. খ
    They bought a house because they saved money.
  3. গ
    They wanted to buy a new house and therefore saved money.
  4. ঘ
    They wanted to save money but failed to buy a house.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
They wanted to buy a new house and therefore saved money.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
They wanted to buy a new house and therefore saved money.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple: They saved money to buy a new house.
• Compound: They wanted to buy a new house and therefore saved money.

• Rules of transformation of sentence :
- Simple sentence এ to অথবা in order to থাকলে Compound sentence এ and so/and so/ and therefore বসাতে হয়।
- এক্ষেত্রে Clause গুলো উল্টে যাবে এবং প্রথম Clause এ ‘want to’ যোগ হবে।
- সে অনুসারে প্রদত্ত বাক্যের সঠিক compound form হবে - we want to earn money so/and so/ and therefore we work hard.

More example:
• Simple: We work hard to earn money.
• Compound: We want to earn money and therefore we work hard.

• Compound sentence-এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or , neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি co-ordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।
৯৮.
Although he tried to pray, he could not get rid of the curse. (make it compound)
  1. ক
    He tried to pray but could not get rid of the curse.
  2. খ
    He tried to pray or could not get rid of the curse.
  3. গ
    He tried to pray and could not get rid the curse.
  4. ঘ
    He tried to pray and can't get rid of the curse.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He tried to pray but could not get rid of the curse.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
He tried to pray but could not get rid of the curse.
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

• Though/ although যুক্ত Complex Sentence কে Compound Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Though/ although উঠে যায়।
- ১ম Clause টি বসে।
- But বসে।
- ২য় Clause টি বসে।

• Complex Sentence: Although he tried to play, he could not get rid of the curse.
• Compound Sentence: He tried to pray but could not get rid of the curse.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৯.
Twenty years ago, his father died. (Make it compound)
  1. ক
    ক) Twenty years ago and his father died.
  2. খ
    খ) It was twenty years ago when his father died.
  3. গ
    গ) It was twenty years ago and his father died.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Twenty years ago yet his father died.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) It was twenty years ago and his father died.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) It was twenty years ago and his father died.
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Simple sentence কে compound sentence এ রূপান্তর করার সময় দুটি clause এ পরিণত করতে হয় এবং প্রয়োজন অনুযায়ী conjunction (and, but, or, also, thus, so, therefore, else, as well as ইত্যাদি) ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
প্রথম ও শেষ বাক্যে conjunction ব্যবহৃত হলেও clause আছে একটি করে তাই বাক্য দুটি গঠনগতভাবে ভুল।

১০০.
You must work hard in order to succeed.  (compound)
  1. ক
    Work hard and being successful. 
  2. খ
    Work hard or you will succeed. 
  3. গ
    Work hard and you will succeed. 
  4. ঘ
    If you work hard, you will become successful. 
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Work hard and you will succeed. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Work hard and you will succeed. 
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

- The correct answer is - গ) Work hard and you will succeed.

Simple Sentence-এ যদি to + verb (যেমন: to succeed, to pass, to win ইত্যাদি) কোনো উদ্দেশ্য (purpose) প্রকাশ করে, অথবা যদি in order to ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাহলে এই বাক্যটিকে Compound Sentence-এ রূপান্তর করার সময় নিচের নিয়ম অনুসরণ করতে হয়:
- to + verb থাকলে, "to" বাদ দিতে হবে এবং বাক্যটির পূর্বের অংশটিকে Imperative Sentence (আদেশমূলক বাক্য) হিসেবে রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- এরপর "and (you will)" বসিয়ে বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় অংশটি যুক্ত করতে হবে।
- in order to + verb থাকলে, “in order to”-র জায়গায় “and (you will)” বসাতে হবে।

• Examples:
Simple: Do it in order to get money.
Compound: Do it and (you will) get money.

Simple: You must work hard in order to succeed. 
Compound: Work hard and you will succeed.

Simple: Study hard in order to pass the exam. 
Compound: Study hard and (you will) pass the exam.

Other options:
ক) Work hard and being successful.
- and দিয়ে যুক্ত হওয়া দুই অংশই একই ধরণের হতে হয়।
- এখানে Work hard একটি Imperative clause, কিন্তু being successful একটি gerund/participle phrase।
- দুইটি independent clause নয়, তাই এটি compound sentence হতে পারে না।

খ) Work hard or you will succeed.
- or সাধারণত বিকল্প বা শর্ত বোঝায়।
- এই বাক্যের অর্থ দাঁড়ায়: কঠোর পরিশ্রম করো, নতুবা তুমি সফল হবে — যা যুক্তিগতভাবে ভুল।
- ব্যাকরণগতভাবে sentence ঠিক হলেও মূল অর্থের সাথে মিল নেই।

ঘ) If you work hard, you will become successful.
- এখানে if ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা একটি subordinating conjunction।
- তাই এটি এখনো একটি Complex sentence, compound নয়।
- প্রশ্নে compound sentence চাওয়া হয়েছে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.