Narration

PrepBank · পাতা ৫ / ৫ · ৪০১–৪৪৫ / ৪৫০

৪০১.

She promised her boss that _____________ the project by next week.

ক
she will finish
খ
she would finish
গ
she would have finished
ঘ
she would be finish

ব্যাখ্যা

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - she would finish.
Complete Sentence: She promised her boss that she would finish the project by next week.

• Main clause এর verb টি past tense হলে এবং পরের অংশে next day, next week, next month, next year ইত্যাদি উল্লেখ থাকলে subject এর পরে might/would/could বসে এবং এরপর verb এর base form বসে।

Example Sentence:
1. Sarah told Marzia that she would visit her parents the next week.
2. Jason told Benson that he would complete the project the next month.
3. Pori told Mahiya that she would join the gym the next day.
4. Emma told Lima that she would buy a new car the next year.

৪০২.

The indirect form of: She said, "Is it going to rain today?"

ক
She asked that it was going to rain that day.
খ
She asked whether it was going to rain today.
গ
She asked whether it was going to be rain that day.
ঘ
She asked whether it was going to rain that day.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: She said, "Is it going to rain today?"
- Indirect: She asked whether it was going to rain that day.

• Interrogative Sentence এর Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb “said” - এর পরিবর্তে প্রশ্ন করা অর্থে asked বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি Wh word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh - question word টি conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসবে।
- তারপর Direct speech - এ present continuous tense থাকলে Indirect speech - এ তা past continuous tense হবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- Direct speech - এ today থাকলে তা that day তে রূপান্তর হয়।

• Structure:
- Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) + linker word + Reported speech - এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৪০৩.

Rupa said, "The train reached at nine." (Change the narration)

ক
Rupa said that the train reaches at nine.
খ
Rupa said that the train has reached at nine.
গ
Rupa said that the train had reached at nine.
ঘ
Rupa said that train has reached at nine.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Direct Speech এর Simple Past Tense, Indirect Speech এ Past Perfect Tense এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

তাই, সঠিক উত্তর - Rupa said that the train had reached at nine.

৪০৪.

He says to me, "I can do it." (make it indirect)

ক
He said to me that he can do it.
খ
He says to me that he can do it.
গ
He told me that he could do it.
ঘ
He says to me that he could done it.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Speech থাকে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Direct Speech এ Reporting Verb এর Tense যদি Present tense বা Future Tense হয় তখন Indirect Speech এ Tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না।
- Inverted Comma এর পরিবর্তে that বসে।
- Reported Speech এর Person এর পরিবর্তন হয়।

Direct Speech: He says to me, "I can do it."
Indirect Speech: He says to me that he can do it.

Source: A Passage To The English Language S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৪০৫.

Identify the correct indirect speech.
He said, "How magnificent the fireworks display is!"

ক
He exclaimed that the fireworks display had been very magnificent.
খ
He exclaimed that the fireworks display is very magnificent.
গ
He exclaimed that the fireworks display was being very magnificent.
ঘ
He exclaimed that the fireworks display was very magnificent.

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct Speech: He said, "How magnificent the fireworks display is!"
Indirect Speech: He exclaimed that the fireworks display was very magnificent.

• Exclamatoey Sentence- এ ক্ষেত্রে Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
→ Direct speech এ reporting verb (said) past tense এ থাকায়, Indirect speech এ reporting verb 'exclaimed' হবে।
→ direct speech এ 'was' থাকায় reported speech- এ 'had been' হবে।
→ exclamatory sentence এ how থাকলে assertive sentence এ very বসে।

৪০৬.

Change the narration: He said, "Would that I had studied harder!"

ক
He said if he studied harder.
খ
He said would that he had studied harder.
গ
He wished that he had studied harder.
ঘ
He hoped he studies harder.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: He said, "Would that I had studied harder!"

- Indirect: He wished that he had studied harder.

• Exclamatory sentence দ্বারা যদি আকাঙ্ক্ষা করা বুঝায় এবং এর শুরুতে If, O that, Oh that, Would that থাকে তাহলে indirect করার সময় Wish বসাতে হয়।
- Direct speech এ যেহেতু reporting verb - past form (said) এ আছে তাই indirect করার সময় Wished বসাতে হবে এবং
- reported speech টি past perfect form এ বসাতে হবে।
- that এর পর past perfect হবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - He wished that he had been rich.

৪০৭.

Change the narration:
The officer said to the guard, "Did you lock the gate?"

ক
The officer asked the guard if he locked the gate.
খ
The officer asked the guard if he had locked the gate.
গ
The officer told the guard if he had locked the gate.
ঘ
The officer asked the guard whether he had lock the gate.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: The officer said to the guard, "Did you lock the gate?"
- Indirect: The officer asked the guard if he had locked the gate.

• Narration -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, Interrogative sentence - এর narration পরিবর্তন করার ক্ষেত্রে-
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং
- Reporting verb “said” - এর পরিবর্তে প্রশ্ন করা অর্থে asked বসে।
- Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসবে।
- Reported speech - এর 'subject' 2nd person (You) সবসময় Reporting verb - এর object - এর number, person, ও gender অনুসারে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর Direct narration - এ Reported speech -এর verb যদি past indefinite tense থাকে তাহলে Indirect narration - এ তা past perfect tense হবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।

• Structure: Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) + linker word (if/whether) + Reported speech - এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৪০৮.

The indirect speech of the sentence: Shila said to him, “Are you satisfied with your new car?"

ক
Shila asked him whether he is satisfied with his new car.
খ
Shila asked him if he was satisfied with his new car.
গ
Shila asked him if he had been satisfied with his new car
ঘ
Shila enquired of him whether he has been satisfied with his new car.

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর হলো: খ) Shila asked him if he was satisfied with his new car.

• Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম:

- প্রশ্নের ক্ষেত্রে ask / enquire ব্যবহার হয়।
- Yes/No প্রশ্ন হলে if / whether ব্যবহার হয়।
- Direct speech-এর present tense সাধারণত past tense-এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Pronoun ও possessive pronoun ঠিকভাবে পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

- Subject + ask + object + if/whether + reported speech এর subject + Tense অনুসারে verb + extension.

Direct: Shila said to him, “Are you satisfied with your new car?"
Indirect: Shila asked him if he was satisfied with his new car.

অন্যান্য অপশন বিশ্লেষণ:
ক) Shila asked him whether he is satisfied with his new car.
→ is satisfied → tense ঠিক করা হয়নি, reported speech past tense হওয়া উচিত।

গ) Shila asked him if he had been satisfied with his new car
- “had been” হলো past perfect।
- এটা তখনই ব্যবহৃত হয় যদি মূল বাক্য past tense-এ হয় বা পূর্বের কিছু ঘটনার কথা বলা হয়।
- এখানে মূল বাক্য present tense, তাই past perfect দরকার নেই।

ঘ) Shila enquired of him whether he has been satisfied with his new car.
- “has been” present perfect, কিন্তু reporting verb past tense।
- tense mismatch হয়েছে।

৪০৯.

She says, "I need my book". (Make it indirect)

ক
She says that she needed her book.
খ
She says that she needs her book.
গ
She said that she needs her book.
ঘ
She said that she needed her book.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: She says, "I need my book".
- Indirect: She says that she needs her book.

- এখানে reporting verb টি যদি present tense এর হওয়ায় reported speech এর tense এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না।

• Narration Change এর নিয়ম:
- Direct speech এর reporting verb যদি present tense, present perfect tense, বা future tense থাকে, তবে reported speech এর verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- কেবল person পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- মূল বাক্যটি Present Simple Tense-এ আছে "I need my book".
- উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে Reporting verb "says" present tense রয়েছে, তাই Reported Speech-এর tense পরিবর্তন হবে না।
- Inverted comma এর পরিবর্তে "That" বসবে।
- Subject She (3rd person singular number) এবং present indefinite tense-এ রয়েছে তাই Indirect Speech এর ক্ষেত্রে Verb "need" এর সাথে "S" যুক্ত হবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৪১০.

Choose the correct indirect speech:
He said, "May you be happy."

ক
He wished that I might be happy.
খ
He hoped that I will be happy.
গ
He prayed that I may be happy.
ঘ
He wished that I may be happy.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ক) He wished that I might be happy.

- He said, "May you be happy."
- যদি Active Voice-এ বাক্যটি শুরু হয় “May you…” / “May I…” / “May he/she…”, তাহলে এটি ইচ্ছা, প্রার্থনা বা আশীর্বাদ প্রকাশ করে।
- reporting verb টি past tense হওয়ায় inderict speech এ modal verb may পরিবর্তিত হয়ে might হবে।
- Structure: Subject + wished that + Subject of original sentence + might + base verb.
- He wished that I might be happy.

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৪১১.

Rahim said, "Long live Bangladesh!" (Make it indirect)

ক
Rahim wished that Bangladesh might live long.
খ
Rahim prayed that may Bangladesh live long.
গ
Rahim said that Bangladesh may be live long.
ঘ
Rahim prayed Bangladesh to be lived long.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Optative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- said এর পরিবর্তে wished / prayed বসবে
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসবে
- reported speech এর subject বসে + may/ might বসে
- reported verb এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।

• Long live Bangladesh মূলত May Bangladesh live long. ছিল।
- তাই এটা ধরে নিয়ে Narration Change করতে হবে।
- নিয়ম অনুযায়ী, may - might হবে এবং Subject এর পরে বসবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Direct: Rahim said, "Long live Bangladesh!"
Indirect: Rahim wished that Bangladesh might live long.

৪১২.

The weatherman predicted, "It will rain tomorrow." (Make it indirect)

ক
The weatherman predicted that it would rain the next day.
খ
The weatherman predicted that it would be rained the next day.
গ
The weatherman predicted that it will be rain the next day.
ঘ
The weatherman predicted that it will be rained the next day.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
• Reported Speech এর person সর্বদা Reported verb এর উপস্থিত subject এর number, gender এবং person অনুসারে পরিবর্তিত হয়ে থাকে।
• Direct speech এ Reporting verb টি past tense এ হওয়ায়, Reported speech - ও past tense এ হবে।
- reported speech এর will এর পরিবর্তিত হয়ে would হবে, can হবে could.
- Said এর পর Indirect Speech এর নিয়ম অনুযায়ী that বসবে।

যেমন:
- Direct: She said to me, 'I shall help you.'
- Indirect: She said that she would help me.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Direct speech: The weatherman predicted, "It will rain tomorrow."
Indirect speech: The weatherman predicted that it would rain the next day.

৪১৩.

Direct: She said to us, “Let us organize a party.”
Indirect: She proposed to us that ______.

ক
we organized a party
খ
she should organize a party
গ
we should organize a party
ঘ
they should organize a party

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: গ) we should organize a party.

• মূল বাক্য (Direct Speech): "She said to us, 'Let us organize a party.'"
- Direct Speech-এ সে বলেছে, “Let us organize a party.”

এখানে Let দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হয়ে প্রস্তাব বুঝিয়েছে, তাই Indirect Speech-এ রূপান্তরের সময় নিম্নলিখিত গঠনটি অনুসরণ করতে হবে:
Subject + proposed/suggested + Object + that + Subject(RS) + should + Verb(RS) + বাকি অংশ।
Direct Speech-এ "us" (আমরা) Indirect Speech-এ "we" হয়ে যায়, এবং নিয়ম অনুযায়ী "should" ব্যবহার করা হয়।

সুতরাং, সঠিক Indirect Speech হলো: She proposed to us that we should organize a party.
অর্থাৎ, উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে সঠিক উত্তর হলো গ) we should organize a party.

অন্য অপশনগুলো:
ক) we organized a party. — এখানে should ব্যবহার হয়নি।
খ) she should organize a party. — subject পরিবর্তিত হয়ে we হওয়া উচিত ছিল, she নয়।
ঘ) they should organize a party. — us → we হবে, they নয়।

৪১৪.

The Manager said to the strikers, 'Resume your work.' বাক্যের indirect speech হচ্ছে-

ক
The manager requested the strikers to resume their work
খ
The manager ordered the strikers to resume their work
গ
The manager told the strikers to resume their work
ঘ
The manager requested to the strikers to resume their work

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে, Imperative sentence এ,
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অনুরোধ বসালে Request, তা না হলে tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়;
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে;
- reported speech এর মুল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে.

• Structure: Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মুল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি দ্বারা আদেশ বোঝাচ্ছে -
- নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক উত্তর - The manager ordered the strikers to resume their work.

৪১৫.

He said to me, "You had better go." (Change the narration)

ক
He said to me that you had better to go.
খ
He advised me to go.
গ
He said to me that I should go.
ঘ
He said to me that I have had to go.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Had better যুক্ত Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Reporting speech এর Subject বসে।
- advise / advised বসবে।
- Reporting speech এর object বসে।
- তারপর infinitive + বাকি অংশ বসে।
Direct speech: He said to me, "You had better go."
Indirect speech: He advised me to go.

• অথবা, Indirect speech এ "Had better" 1st person এবং third person এর সাথে অপরিবর্তিত থাকে। কিন্তু 2nd person- এর সহিত Had better অপরিবর্তিত থাকতে পারে কিংবা নিচের নিয়ম অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হতে পারে:
Direct speech: He said to me, "You had better go."
Indirect speech: He said to me that I had better go.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪১৬.

He said to me, "Did you attend the conference last week?" Which is the correct indirect speech of the given direct speech?

ক
He asked me did I attend the conference the previous week.
খ
He asked me whether I had attended the conference the previous week.
গ
He asked me whether had I attended the conference last week.
ঘ
He asked me if I attended the conference the week before.

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct: He said to me, "Did you attend the conference last week?"
Indirect: He asked me whether I had attended the conference the previous week.

• Interrogative sentence -এর narration পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- প্রশ্ন করা অর্থে reporting verb "said to" -এর পরিবর্তে asked হয়।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- Question word order (Did you attend) → assertive/normal order-এ পরিবর্তন হবে: I had attended.
- reporting verb -এর subject অনুসারে reported speech -এর subject পরিবর্তিত হবে।
Reporting verb past tense হলে, reported speech-এর tense ও পরিবর্তিত হয়, Past Indefinite ("did...attend") → Past Perfect ("had attended").
- "last week" → "the previous week" বা "the week before".
- Direct narration -এর Interrogative sentence টি Indirect -এ Assertive sentence -এ পরিণত হবে।
- Indirect speech-এ রূপান্তরিত বাক্য আর Interrogative থাকে না; একারণে এর শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন (?) বসবে না।
এজন্য Indirect speech-এ auxiliary verb টি subject-এর পরে বসে।

৪১৭.

Choose the right indirect speech:
I said to him, "Why are you working so hard?"

ক
I asked him why he was working so hard.
খ
I asked him why was he working so hard.
গ
I asked him why had he been working so hard.
ঘ
I asked him why he had been working so hard.

ব্যাখ্যা

• 'Wh question' যুক্ত বাক্যের indirect narration এর নিয়ম:
- reporting verb 'said to' এর পরিবর্তে asked বসবে।
- reporting verb এর object অনুসারে reported speech এ verb বসবে।
- তারপর object বসবে।

Direct: I said to him, "Why are you working so hard?"
Indirect: I asked him why he was working so hard.

৪১৮.

Direct to indirect: He said, "I am tired".

ক
He said he tired.
খ
He said that he was tired.
গ
He said that he is tired.
ঘ
He said that I was tired.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct: He said, "I am tired".
• Indirect: He said that he was tired.

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- Reporting verb (said) past tense এ থাকায় reported speech এ am এর পরিবর্তে was হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

• More Example:
- Direct: He said “I am well.”
- Indirect: He said that he was well.

৪১৯.

He said that he had left the office long before. (change the narration)

ক
He said, "I left the office long ago."
খ
He said that, "I left the office long ago."
গ
He said, "I leave the office long ago."
ঘ
He said, "I had left the office long before."

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Indirect এ before থাকলে direct এ তা পরিবর্তিত হয়ে ago হয়।
- আর long ago থাকলে verb এর past indefinite tense হয়।

• Structure:
- Indirect: Subject + said + that + past perfect (sub + had + past participle) + long before.
- Direct: Subject + said, + past indefinite (sub + past form) + long ago.

Indirect: She said that she had finished her homework long before.
Direct: She said, "I finished my homework long ago."

Indirect: He said that he had left the office long before.
Direct: He said, "I left the office long ago."

৪২০.

The baby said, "What a fierce storm it is!" (Make it indirect)

ক
The baby said that it was a very fierce storm.
খ
The baby exclaimed with fear that it is a very fierce storm.
গ
The baby exclaimed with fear that it was a very fierce storm.
ঘ
The baby exclaimed with disgust that it was a very fierce storm.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,

• Exclamatory sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Reported speech টি How বা What দ্বারা শুরু হলে অর্থাৎ, বাক্যের শুরুতে আতিশয্য বুঝালে Indirect Narration করার সময় How বা What এর পরিবর্তে Very, Much, Great ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- আর said to এর পরিবর্তে exclaimed that বসে অথবা exclaimed with এবং এর সাথে বাক্যের অর্থ অনুযায়ী wonder, sorrow, excitement, fear, delight ইত্যাদি বসে।
- Direct Speech এর reported verb অনুযায়ী Indirect Speech এ reported verb টি পরিবর্তন হয়।
- কমার বদলে that বসবে।

- Direct Speech দ্বারা ভয়, ডর, আতঙ্ক ইত্যাদি বুঝালে Reporting Verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে exclaimed with fear হয়।
- Direct Speech এর reported verb টি present indefinite হলে Indirect Speech এ reported verb টি past indefinite হবে।

Direct: The baby said, "What a fierce storm it is!"
Indirect: The baby exclaimed with fear that it was a very fierce storm.

৪২১.

The coach said to the players, "Maintain your fitness regularly." (Make it indirect speech.)

ক
The coach advised the players to maintain their fitness regularly.
খ
The coach requested the players to maintain their fitness regularly.
গ
The coach said to the players to maintain their fitness regularly.
ঘ
The coach forbade the players to maintain their fitness regularly.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: ক) The coach advised the players to maintain their fitness regularly.

Direct speech: The coach said to the players, "Maintain your fitness regularly."
Indirect speech: The coach advised the players to maintain their fitness regularly.

• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, তা না হলে tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়;
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে;
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- Structure: Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell/ instructed + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Other Options:
খ) The coach requested the players to maintain their fitness regularly.
- ভুল context; এখানে উপদেশ বোঝাচ্ছে → advised হবে।

গ) The coach said to the players to maintain their fitness regularly.
- Imperative sentence-এ advice বোঝাতে advised ব্যবহার হবে।

ঘ) The coach forbade the players to maintain their fitness regularly.
- ভুল অর্থ; forbid মানে “নিষিদ্ধ করা”, কিন্তু এখানে উপদেশ দেওয়া হচ্ছে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪২২.

Change the narration of the following sentence:
She said, "Where shall we be after 1,000 years?"

ক
She wondered where we would be after 1,000 years.
খ
She told where they would be after 1,000 years.
গ
She wondered where they would be after 1,000 years.
ঘ
She asked where they would after 1,000 years.

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - গ) She wondered where they would be after 1,000 years.

- Shall/will + I/we দিয়ে reported speech-এর বাক্য শুরু হলে এবং তা মূলত কোন প্রশ্ন না বুঝিয়ে কোন ভবিষ্যত অনুমান বুঝালে indirect speech এ ask ইত্যাদির স্থলে wonder (অনুমান করা, অবাক হওয়া) ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যের জন্য প্রযোজ্য অন্যান্য নিয়ম প্রযোজ্য হয়।

- Direct: She said, "Where shall we be after 1,000 years?"
- Indirect: She wondered where they would be after 1,000 years.

- Examples:
- Dir: The boy said, "What shall I be in 1998?"
- Ind: The boy wondered what he would be in 1998.

- Dir. The man said, "Shall I live if there breaks out a great war in the country?"
- Ind. The man wondered if he would live if there broke out a great war in the Country.

Source: A Passage To The English Language. S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৪২৩.

She said, "Alas! I have lost my purse." (make it indirect)

ক
She said that she had lost her purse.
খ
She exclaimed with joy that she has lost her purse.
গ
She exclaimed with sorrow that she had lost her purse.
ঘ
She exclaimed sadly that she lost her purse.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Exclamatory Sentence এর Direct Speech এ আনন্দ/ দুঃখ বুঝালে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Subject + Reporting Verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে (আনন্দ বুঝালে) exclaim/ exclaimed with joy বসে এবং (দুঃখ বুঝালে) exclaim/ exclaimed with sorrow or grief বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting verb অনুযায়ী Reported speech এর verb বসবে।
- Adjective বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ (যদি থাকে)।

• Direct Speech: She said, "Alas! I have lost my purse."
• Indirect Speech: She exclaimed with sorrow that she had lost her purse.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪২৪.

Select the indirect form of speech: My father said, "All that glitters is not gold."

ক
My father advised that all that glitters is not gold.
খ
My father remarked that all that glitters is not gold.
গ
My father said that all that glitters was not gold.
ঘ
My father said that all that glitters is not gold.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Universal truth বা habitual fact প্রকাশ করায় বাক্যটির indirect narration গঠনের সময় verb-এর রূপ পরিবর্তন হবে না।

Direct narration: My father said, "All that glitters is not gold."
Indirect narration: My father said that all that glitters is not gold.

৪২৫.

The correct indirect speech of: "The old man said, 'Necessity knows no law.' " is –

ক
The old man said that necessity knows no law.
খ
The old man said that necessity would know no law.
গ
The old man said that necessity had known no law.
ঘ
The old man said that necessity knew no law.

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - The old man said that necessity knows no law.

- Reported speech যদি কোন চিরন্তন সত্য (universal truth) বা অভ্যাসগত সত্য (habitual fact) প্রকাশ করে তাহলে reporting verb-এর tense যাই না কেন, reported speech-এর verb-এর tense-এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না।

Examples:

- Dir: The old man said, "Necessity knows no law."
- Ind: The old man said that necessity knows no law. (necessity knows no law = প্রয়োজন কোন আইন মানে না।)

- Dir: Mina said, "Every day I read newspapers."
- Ind: Mina said that every day she reads newspapers.
- এখানে read-verbটি একটি অভ্যাসগত সত্য বুঝাচ্ছে যা Mina প্রতিদিন করে থাকে। speech-এ verb টির tense-এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয়নি; present সুতরাং indirect indefinite-ই রয়েছে।

- Dir: The teacher said, "The earth moves round the sun."
- Ind: The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun (universal truth বুঝাচ্ছে।)

- Dir: He said, "Every mother loves her children."
- Ind: He said that every mother loves her children.

- Dir: The professor said, "A hungry man wants food."
- Ind: The professor said that a hungry man wants food.

৪২৬.

Choose the correct indirect sentence for the following direct sentence:
"Alex said, 'I must prepare for the exam.' "

ক
Alex said that he had prepare for the exam.
খ
Alex said that he had to prepare for the exam.
গ
Alex said that he would prepare for the exam.
ঘ
Alex said that he could prepare for the exam.

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct sentence:
"Alex said, 'I must prepare for the exam. "

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ ক্ষেত্রে:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- Direct speech এ reporting verb টি past tense এ থাকলে এবং reported speech এ must থাকলে তা indirect speech এ পরিবর্তিত হয়ে 'had to' হয়।

সে অনুসারে,
The correct indirect sentence is: "Alex said that he had to prepare for the exam."

৪২৭.

The correct indirect form of:
She said, "You had better study hard."

ক
She proposed to study hard.
খ
She advised him to study hard.
গ
She advised that he should study hard.
ঘ
She requested that he study hard.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct speech: She said, "You had better study hard."
- Indirect speech: She advised him to study hard.

• had better এবং subject second person যুক্ত direct speech কে indirect speech এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম-
- প্রথমে Subject বসবে,
- advised বসবে,
- object বসবে,
- infinitive বসবে,
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে- She advised him to study hard.

৪২৮.

Change the following sentence into indirect form: The teacher said, 'Be quiet, boys'.

ক
The teacher said that the boys should be quiet.
খ
The teacher called the boys and ordered them to be quiet.
গ
The teacher urged the boys to be quiet.
ঘ
The teacher commanded the boys that they be quiet

ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative Sentence এ reporting verb- টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order/command/urge, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Structure: Subject + request/order/advise/tell + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Direct: The teacher said, 'Be quiet, boys'.
Indirect: The teacher urged the boys to be quiet.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English.

৪২৯.

She said to me, "Let us start the meeting now." [change the narration]

ক
She suggested to me that we should have started the meeting then.
খ
She suggested me that we should start the meeting now.
গ
She suggested to me that to start the meeting now.
ঘ
She suggested to me that we should start the meeting then.

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct: She said to me, “Let us start the meeting now.”
Indirect: She suggested to me that we should start the meeting then.

• Let এর ব্যবহার:
- let যখন proposal কিংবা suggestion অর্থে ব্যবহৃত হয় তখন reporting verb এ propose’ কিংবা ‘suggest’ বসে।
- বাক্যে finite verb এর আগে Modal auxiliary ‘should’ ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- দুইটি বাক্যকে যুক্ত করতে ‘that’ বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• "now" → indirect speech-এ সময়ের পরিবর্তন হয়।
- "now" → "then" হবে।

• Example:
Direct: He said to me, “Let us go home.”
Indirect: He proposed to me that we should go home.

৪৩০.

The teacher said, "Water is tasteless, colourless and odourless." Make it an indirect speech.

ক
The teacher said that water was tasteless, colourless and odourless.
খ
The teacher said that water had been tasteless, colourless and odourless.
গ
The teacher said that water is tasteless, colourless and odourless.
ঘ
The teacher said that water has been tasteless, colourless and odourless.

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct Speech: The teacher said, "Water is tasteless, colourless and odourless."
Indirect Speech: The teacher said that water is tasteless, colourless and odourless.
→ "Water is tasteless, colourless and odourless." - বাক্যটি দ্বারা চিরন্তন সত্য বুঝানো হয়েছে।

Narration অনুযায়ী,
(1) Reporting verb এর object উল্লেখ থাকলে said পরিবর্তিত হয়ে told হয়, আর object উল্লেখ না থাকলে said অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
(2) Reported verb যদি universal truth হয়, তাহলে indirect speech করার সময় এর Tense পরিবর্তিত হয় না।

৪৩১.

The wise man said," A rolling stone gathers no moss". (Change into indirect speech)

ক
The wise man told that a rolling stone gathers no moss.
খ
The wise man said that a rolling stone gathered no moss.
গ
The wise man said that a rolling stone gathers no moss.
ঘ
The wise man told that a rolling stone gathered no moss.

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct Narration: The wise man said," A rolling stone gathers no moss".
Indirect Narration: The wise man said that a rolling stone gathers no moss.
- একটি চিরন্তন সত্য (Universal Truth) বা প্রবাদ বাক্য। Direct speech-এ যদি কোনো চিরন্তন সত্য, বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য, বা অভ্যাসগত কাজ বোঝায়, তবে indirect speech-এ রূপান্তর করার সময় ভেতরের Tense-এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Reported speech দ্বারা যদি কোনো চিরন্তন সত্য বা অভ্যাসগত কর্ম বা ঐতিহাসিক সত্য বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য প্রকাশ পায়, তবে Indirect Narration এ Tense এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না৷
- Reporting verb এর subject এবং verb অপরিবর্তিত ভাবে বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৩২.

Sabrina said, "I was sleeping." (Make it indirect)

ক
Sabrina said she has been sleeping.
খ
Sabrina said that she was being sleeping.
গ
Sabrina said that she had been sleeping.
ঘ
Sabrina said she that was been sleeping.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct: Sabrina said, "I was sleeping."
• Indirect: Sabrina said that she had been sleeping.

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- Reporting verb (said) past tense এ থাকায় reported speech এ was এর পরিবর্তে had been হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

৪৩৩.

They said, "We watched a movie yesterday." (Change the narration.)

ক
They said they watched a movie yesterday.
খ
They said that they were watching a movie yesterday.
গ
They said that we had watched a movie the day before.
ঘ
They said that they had watched a movie the day before.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: They said that they had watched a movie the day before.

• Direct speech: They said, "We watched a movie yesterday."
- Here,
- Reporting Verb: said (past tense)
- Reported Speech: "We watched a movie yesterday."

• Indirect Speech এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
1. Tense পরিবর্তন:
- watched (past simple) → had watched (past perfect).

2. Pronoun পরিবর্তন:
- We → they
(“They” নিজেরাই কথা বলছে, তাই "we" → "they").

3. Time expression পরিবর্তন:
- yesterday → the day before.

• Other options:
ক) They said they watched a movie yesterday.
- ভুল কারণ এখানে tense এবং time পরিবর্তন করা হয়নি।

গ) They said that they were watching a movie yesterday.
- ভুল কারণ "watched" → "had watched" হবে, আর "yesterday" পরিবর্তন হয়নি।

ঘ) They said that we had watched a movie the day before.
- ভুল কারণ "we" → they হওয়া উচিত। "we" ব্যবহার করলে, মনে হবে কথকও সিনেমা দেখেছে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৪৩৪.

He said, "I went to Khulna". The indirect speech is -

ক
He said that he went to Khulna
খ
He said that he had gone to Khulna
গ
He said that he has gone to Khulna
ঘ
He said that he would go to Khulna.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- reporting verb এবং reporting speech উভয়েই past indefinite থাকলে, indirect করার সময় reported speech কে past perfect tense এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - He said that he had gone to Khulna.

৪৩৫.

He said, "Alas! Inflation is rising rapidly with the ongoing dollar crisis."

ক
He exclaimed with sorrow that inflation was rising rapidly with the ongoing dollar crisis.
খ
He exclaimed with sorrow that inflation is rising rapidly with the ongoing dollar crisis.
গ
He exclaimed with sorrow inflation was rising rapidly with ongoing crisis.
ঘ
He exclaimed that inflation had been rising rapidly with ongoing dollar crisis.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct Narration: He said, "Alas! Inflation is rising with the ongoing dollar crisis."

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- Direct narration টি Exclamatory sentence এর হলে,
- Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- exclaimed with joy/exclaimed with sorrow বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- Direct speech এর Tense- Indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন হয়।
- Adjective বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

- Indirect Narration: He exclaimed with sorrow that inflation was rising rapidly with the ongoing dollar crisis.

৪৩৬.

Change into indirect speech:
She said to me, “Do you know the answer?”

ক
She asked me if I had known the answer.
খ
She asked me whether I knew the answer.
গ
She asked me that did I know the answer.
ঘ
She asked to me if I know the answer.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) She asked me whether I knew the answer.

- She said to me, “Do you know the answer?”
- মূল বাক্যটি একটি direct speech প্রশ্ন, যেখানে said to ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে এবং সেটি একটি yes/no question.
- "Said to" পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "asked" হয় যখন প্রশ্ন করা হয়।
- প্রশ্নটি "Do you know the answer?", এটি indirect speech-এ গেলে if বা whether দিয়ে শুরু হয়।
- pronoun “you” পরিবর্তিত হয়ে “I” হয় এবং “do know” → “knew” হয়, কারণ reporting verb (said) past tense.
- তাই সঠিক রূপ: She asked me if/whether I knew the answer.

• Other options:
খ) She told me if I know the answer.
- ভুল, কারণ “told” প্রশ্নের ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয় না, এবং tense পরিবর্তন হয়নি।

গ) She asked me do I know the answer.
- ভুল, কারণ indirect speech-এ question format (do I know) রাখা যায় না।

ঘ) She said me that I knew the answer.
- ভুল, কারণ “said me” নয়, “said to me” বা “told me” হয়; এবং "that" ব্যবহার করলে এটি assertive sentence হতে হবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৪৩৭.

The monk said, "Death is inevitable." (make it indirect)

ক
The monk said that death was inevitable.
খ
The monk told that death is inevitable.
গ
The monk said that death is inevitable.
ঘ
The monk told that death was inevitable.

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct: The monk said, "Death is inevitable."
Indirect: The monk said that death is inevitable.

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Reported speech দ্বারা যদি কোনো চিরন্তন সত্য বা অভ্যাসগত কর্ম বা ঐতিহাসিক সত্য বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য প্রকাশ পায়, তবে Indirect Narration এ Tense এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না৷
- Reporting verb এর subject এবং Verb অপরিবর্তিত ভাবে বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।

•"Death is inevitable" (মৃত্যু অনিবার্য) একটি চিরন্তন সত্য বাক্য।
- Narration এর নিয়ম অনুযায়ী, Reporting Verb (said) Past Tense-এ থাকলেও যদি Reported Speech-টি চিরন্তন সত্য হয়, তবে Indirect Narration-এ Tense-এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- Reporting Verb: এখানে 'said'-এর পর কোনো Object নেই, তাই 'said' অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৩৮.

Choose the correct indirect form of:
I said to him, "Will you lend me your books?"

ক
I enquired of him whether he lend me his books.
খ
I asked him whether he will lend me his books.
গ
I enquired of him whether he would lend me his books.
ঘ
I asked him whether he would lend me my books.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: I said to him, "Will you lend me your books?"
- Indirect: I enquired of him whether he would lend me his books.

• Interrogative Sentence এর Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb “said” - এর পরিবর্তে প্রশ্ন করা অর্থে asked/enquired of বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসে। subject second person হলে Reporting verb - এর object অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর Direct speech - এ Reporting verb টি past tense -এ থাকলে এবং Reported speech -এর মূল verb -এর পূর্বে shall/will থাকলে Indirect speech - এ should/would -এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Interrogative sentence টি Indirect speech - এ সবসময় assertive sentence - এ পরিণত হবে।

• Structure: Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) + linker word + Reported speech - এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৪৩৯.

My friend said to me, "May you pass the exam."

ক
My friend prayed me I may pass the exam.
খ
My friend hoped that I may pass the exam.
গ
My friend wished that I might pass the exam.
ঘ
My friend wished me I might pass the exam.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct answer: My friend wished that I might pass the exam.

- My friend said to me, "May you pass the exam."
- যদি Active Voice-এ বাক্যটি শুরু হয় “May you…” / “May I…” / “May he/she…”, তাহলে এটি ইচ্ছা, প্রার্থনা বা আশীর্বাদ প্রকাশ করে।
- reporting verb টি past tense হওয়ায় inderict speech এ modal verb may পরিবর্তিত হয়ে might হবে।
- Structure: Subject + wished that + Subject of original sentence + might + base verb.

Other options:
ক) "prayed me I may": grammar ভুল; “prayed me” ব্যবহার হয় না, “prayed that…” হয়।

খ) "hoped that I may": hope সাধারণত ভবিষ্যতের ইচ্ছার জন্য, কিন্তু এখানে wish/prayer বোঝানো হয়েছে।

ঘ) "wished me I might": grammar ভুল; “wished me” ব্যবহার হয় না।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৪৪০.

He said to me, “You had better leave now.” [make it indirect]

ক
He advised me to leave than.
খ
He advised me to leave then.
গ
He said to me that leave then.
ঘ
He asked me that to leave than.

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct: He said to me, “You had better leave now.”
Indirect: He advised me to leave then.

• had better এবং subject second person যুক্ত direct speech কে indirect speech এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম-
- প্রথমে Subject বসবে,
- advised বসবে,
- object বসবে,
- infinitive বসবে,
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

অর্থাৎ,
"had better" থাকলে indirect speech-এ "advised" ব্যবহার হয়,
- Structure: Subject + advised + object + to + verb (base form),
- "now" পরিবর্তন হয়ে "then" হবে।

অন্যগুলো ভুল:

ক) He advised me to leave than.
- "than" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে - এটি ভুল। "Than" হলো comparison-এর জন্য। এখানে সময় বোঝাতে "then" হবে।"Then" = তখন (সময়), "Than" = চেয়ে (তুলনা)

গ) He said to me that leave then.
- এটি সম্পূর্ণ ভুল structure। "Had better" থাকলে "said" ব্যবহার হয় না, "advised" হয়।

ঘ) "He asked me that to leave than" - "Asked" ভুল (প্রশ্ন বোঝায়), এবং "than" ব্যবহার ভুল। এখানে "then" হবে,
- "said to" পরিবর্তন হয়ে "advised" হবে।

Example:
- Direct speech: She said, "You had better study hard."
- Indirect speech: She advised him to study hard.

৪৪১.

She said, "What a wonderful performance!" [Indirect Speech]

ক
She exclaimed that it was very wonderful performance.
খ
She exclaimed that it was a very wonderful performance.
গ
She exclaimed that it was a wonderful performance.
ঘ
She said that it was very wonderful performance.

ব্যাখ্যা

Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Exclamatory sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Reported speech টি How বা What দ্বারা শুরু হলে অর্থাৎ, বাক্যের শুরুতে আতিশয্য বুঝালে Indirect Narration করার সময়,

- How বা What এর পরিবর্তে Very, Much, Great ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- said এর পরিবর্তে exclaimed ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- এরপর কমার (,) বদলে that বসবে।
- Exclamatory Sentence টি Assertive Sentence এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে।
- বাক্যে subject না থাকায় It কে subject হিসাবে ধরে নিতে হবে।
- Reporting verb past tense থাকলে reported speech এর verb হবে past tense এ।

Direct Speech: She said, "What a wonderful performance!"
Indirect Speech: She exclaimed that it was a very wonderful performance.

৪৪২.

III. In each of the following questions, a sentence has been given in Direct Speech. Out of the four alternatives suggested select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Indirect Speech (Qs. 33-35),
The Manager said, "Well, what can I do for you?"

ক
The Manager asked what he could do for him.
খ
The Manager wondered what he could do for him.
গ
The Manager wanted to know what he could do for him.
ঘ
The Manager said that he couldn't do anything for him.

ব্যাখ্যা

Direct Speech এর বাক্যটি ছিল - The Manager said, 'Well, what can I do for you?'
যেখানে Manager একটি প্রশ্ন করেছিলেন যা তার সাহায্য বা সেবা প্রদানের ইচ্ছা প্রকাশ করছে।
Indirect Speech এ এই বাক্যটি রূপান্তর করার সময় বাক্যের মূল ভাব ধরে রাখা আবশ্যক।

Option গুলো বিশ্লেষণ করলে -

ক) "The Manager asked what he could do for him."
- এটি সরাসরি প্রশ্নটিকে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরিত করে, Structure অনুসারে এটি সঠিক। তবে মূল বাক্যে 'Well' ব্যবহারের কারণে যে একটা softer approach লক্ষ্যণীয় সেটা এই বাক্যের মধ্যে অনুপস্থিত।

খ) "The Manager wondered what he could do for him."
- "Wondered" সাধারণত কৌতুহল বা চিন্তার একটি অনুভূতি প্রকাশ করে, যা সরাসরি সাহায্যের প্রস্তাব থেকে একটু বিচ্যুত।

গ) "The Manager wanted to know what he could do for him."
- এখানে ম্যানেজারের সেবা প্রদানের ইচ্ছা সঠিকভাবে প্রকাশিত হয়েছে, "wanted to know" ব্যবহার করে যা একটি সরাসরি প্রশ্নের বদলে জানার ইচ্ছাকে প্রকাশ করছে। এখানে মূল বাক্যের মতো softer approach বিদ্যমান রয়েছে।

ঘ) "The Manager said that he couldn't do anything for him."
- এটি মূল বাক্যের অর্থ পুরোপুরি পাল্টে দেয়, যা মোটেও সঠিক নয়।

সার্বিক বিবেচনায় ক) ও গ) অপশনের মধ্যে গ) অপশনই সবচেয়ে উপযুক্ত উত্তর। কারণ এটি মূল প্রশ্নের ইচ্ছা ও আগ্রহের ভাবকে সঠিকভাবে ধরে রাখে।

৪৪৩.

The indirect form of: The teacher said, "Love conquers all."

ক
The teacher said that love conquered all.
খ
The teacher said that love conquers all.
গ
The teacher said that love had conquered all.
ঘ
The teacher said It is the love that conquers all.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Reported speech দ্বারা যদি কোনো চিরন্তন সত্য বা অভ্যাসগত কর্ম বা ঐতিহাসিক সত্য বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য প্রকাশ পায়, তবে Indirect Narration এ Tense এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- Reporting verb -এর subject এবং verb অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- বাকি অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।

• অর্থাৎ, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Direct Narration: The teacher said, "Love conquers all."
- Indirect Narration: The teacher said that love conquers all.

৪৪৪.

My father said, "A year has 12 months." (make it indirect)

ক
My father said that a year has 12 months.
খ
My father advised that a year had 12 months.
গ
My father remarked that a year will have 12 months.
ঘ
My father said that a year have 12 months.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct narration: My father said, "A year has 12 months."
• Indirect narration: My father said that a year has 12 months.

- Universal truth বা habitual fact প্রকাশ করায় বাক্যটির indirect narration গঠনের সময় verb-এর রূপ পরিবর্তন হবে না।

More Example:
Direct narration: My father said, "All that glitters is not gold."
Indirect narration: My father said that all that glitters is not gold.

৪৪৫.

Rajib said to me, "Let us go to the party together."

ক
Rajib proposed to me that we should go to the party together.
খ
Rajib proposed to me to go to the party together.
গ
Rajib urged to me that to go to the party together.
ঘ
Rajib asked to me that we should go to the party together.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct: Rajib said to me, "Let us go to the party together."
• Indirect: Rajib proposed to me that we should go to the party together.

• Let দ্বারা শুরু imperative sentence -এর narration পরিবর্তনের ক্ষেত্রে:
- Let us দিয়ে শুরু হয়ে যখন কোনো proposal/suggestion (প্রস্তাব) বোঝায় তখন reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose/suggest হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- পুনরায় subject হিসেবে they/we বসে।
- বাক্যে finite verb -এর আগে Modal auxiliary 'should' ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তারপর reported speech -এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Note: প্রস্তাবের ক্ষেত্রে Reporting verb -এর subject বা object টি first person হলে we এবং অন্যান্য ক্ষেত্রে they বসে।
- তবে suggest -এর ক্ষেত্রে suggest +gerund ব্যব্যহার করা যায়।

• More Example:
- Direct: Ifty said to me, "Let us go home."
- Indirect: Ifty proposed to me that we should go home.

Source:
1. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.