বিষয়সমূহ

PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন

Narration

মোট প্রশ্ন৪৫০এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Narration

PrepBank · পাতা / · ১০০ / ৪৫০

.
"We will die but will never surrender” Sheikh Mujib emphatically declared. (Make it Indirect)
  1. Sheikh Mujib emphatically demanded that we would die but we would never surrender.
  2. Sheikh Mujib emphatically declared that we would die but we would never surrender.
  3. Sheikh Mujib emphatically declared that they would die but they would never surrender.
  4. Sheikh Mujib emphatically commanded that they would die but they would never surrender.
ব্যাখ্যা
Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- Reporting verb (said) past tense এ থাকায় reported speech এ am এর পরিবর্তে was হবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

• Reporting verb, past tense এ থাকলে, indirect speech এর reported অংশ অনুরূপ tense এ হবে।
- যেহেতু প্রদত্ত বাক্যটির reporting verb টি past tense এ আছে, তাই , indirect speech এর reported অংশে would বসবে।

• ‘We’ দ্বারা যদি বক্তা ও শ্রোতা উভয়কেই কংবা মানব জাতিকে বুঝায় তাহলে Indirect speech-এ তার কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- এই বাক্যে we দ্বারা বক্তা ও শ্রোতা দুজনকেই বোঝানো হয়েছে।
- তাই,  ‘we কে they-তে রূপান্তর করা যাবে না।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - Sheikh Mujib emphatically declared that we would die but we would never surrender.
.
The indirect form: He said, “Long live freedom!”
  1. He said that freedom may live long.
  2. He wished that freedom might live long.
  3. He wished that freedom to be lived long.
  4. He exclaimed that freedom may live long.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: He said, “Long live freedom!”
- Indirect: He wished that freedom might live long.

• Optative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Reporting verb 'said' এর পরিবর্তে wished (ইচ্ছা)/ prayed (প্রার্থনা) বসবে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject বসে + might বসে।
- Reported verb এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।

• More examples:
- Direct Narration: The leader said, “Long live solidarity!”
- Indirect Narration: The leader wished that solidarity might live long.

.
"May God grant you peace," the monk said. (Change into indirect speech)
  1. The monk said that God might grant him peace.
  2. The monk prayed that God might grant him peace.
  3. The monk told that God might grant him peace.
  4. The monk prayed to God may grant him peace.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: The monk prayed that God might grant him peace.

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী Optative sentence কে indirect speech এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে wish/pray বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject বসে।
- May/might বসে।
- Reported speech এর মূল Verb থেকে শেষ অংশ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Other options:
ক) The monk said that God might grant him peace.
- ভুল কারণ, Optative sentence কে indirect speech এ পরিণত করার ক্ষেত্রে Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে wish/pray বসে।

গ) The monk told that God might grant him peace.
- ভুল কারণ, Optative sentence কে indirect speech এ পরিণত করার ক্ষেত্রে Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে wish/pray বসে।

ঘ) The monk prayed to God may grant him peace.
- ভুল কারণ, Optative sentence কে indirect speech এ পরিণত করার ক্ষেত্রে Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

.
Change into indirect speech:
He said, "I am reading a book."
  1. He said that he was reading a book.
  2. He said that he is reading a book.
  3. He said that I was reading a book.
  4. He said he had read a book.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Speech: He said, "I am reading a book."
• Indirect Speech: He said that he was reading a book.

- Direct Speech কে Indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে,
- প্রথমে, said এর পরে that বসে। Inverted কমা উঠে যায়।
- Pronoun, 'I' পরিবর্তিত হয়ে 'he' বসে।
- Tense present countinous, 'am reading' পরিবর্তিত হয়ে past contininuous, 'was reading' বসে।

• তাই সঠিক উত্তর - ক) He said that he was reading a book.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
.
"Close the door," he ordered. বাক্যের সঠিক indirect speech:
  1. He told close the door.
  2. He ordered to close the door.
  3. He ordered that to close the door.
  4. He ordered the door to be closed.
ব্যাখ্যা
→ The correct answer is: ঘ) He ordered the door to be closed.

• Imperative sentences এর ক্ষেত্রে reporting verb হিসেবে ordered, told, বা instructed ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- Say/said বা tell/told এর পরিবর্তে ordered ব্যবহার করতে হবে, কারণ এটি একটি আদেশ।
- Inverted commas বাদ দিয়ে that বসানো হয়।
- Subject পরিবর্তন হতে পারে, এবং object যদি থাকে, তবে তা someone বা নির্দিষ্ট কিছু ব্যক্তি হতে পারে।

- উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে "Close the door" একটি imperative sentence, এবং "ordered" reporting verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।
- Imperative sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে reporting verb হিসেবে "ordered" ব্যবহার করার সময় "that" বসানোর দরকার হয় না,
- বাক্যটি passive form-এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো: "He ordered the door to be closed."
.
The Times says, 'We have found it'. (Change the narration)
  1. The Times says that it has found it.
  2. The Times said that it has found it.
  3. The Times says that they had found it.
  4. The Times says that it have found it.
ব্যাখ্যা
Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- যদি Reporting Verb টি Present বা Future tense এ থাকে, তাহলে Direct Speech কে Indirect করার সময় Verb এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- Reporting speech এ we থাকলে, তা যদি ব্যক্তি বা মানব জাতিকে না বুঝিয়ে Editorial বা পত্রিকা বিষয়ক/ সম্পাদকীয় বোঝায়, তবে we এর পরিবর্তে indirect speech এ it হবে। 

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Direct: The Times says, 'We have found it'.
Indirect: The Times says that it has found it.

আবার,
• We দ্বারা মানব জাতিকে নির্দেশ করলে we=we ই থাকবে।
যেমন -
- Direct - He said 'We are the best of all the creations'.
- Indirect - He said that we are the best of all the creations.
.
He said, "I know this boy." (Change the narration)
  1. He said he knew this boy.
  2. He said that he knew that boy.
  3. He said that he knew the boy.
  4. He said that he knows this boy.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech: He said, "I know this boy."
• Indirect speech: He said that he knew that boy. 
--------------- 
 Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়: 
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে। 
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে। 
- Direct speech এর Tense- Indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন হয়। 
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।  
- Dicect speech- এ 'this' থাকলে indirect speech- এ 'that' বসবে।

More Example:
Direct: Hasan said, "I must finish this homework."
Indirect: Hasan said that he had to finish that homework.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
.
He said, "I know him well because I used to live with him". Choose the correct indirect speech.
  1. He had told that he had known him well because he used to live with him.
  2. He told that he knew him well because he used to lived with him.
  3. He said that he knew him well because he used to live with him.
  4. He said that he had known him well because he had used to live with him.
ব্যাখ্যা

Reporting verb টি past tense হলে reported speech এর verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Corresponding past tense (অনুরূপ past tense) হয়।
- Direct speech এ reported speech টি Present indefinite tense থাকলে তা indirect speech এ Past indefinite tense হয়।
- Subject + Reporting Verb টি বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর "I" indirect speech এ "he" তে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Reported speech এ might, ought to, should, would, used to থাকলে indirect speech এ তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।

Direct speech: He said, "I know him well because I used to live with him".
Indirect speech: He said that he knew him well because he used to live with him.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

.
They said, "Is she attending the meeting?" (Change the speech)
  1. They asked if she is attending the meeting.
  2. They asked if she is not attending the meeting.
  3. They asked if she had to attend the meeting.
  4. They asked if she was attending the meeting.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech: They said, "Is she attending the meeting?" 
• Indirect speech: They asked if she was attending the meeting.

• Interrogative sentence - এর speech পরিবর্তন করার ক্ষেত্রে -
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb “said” - এর পরিবর্তে প্রশ্ন করা অর্থে asked বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি Wh word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh - question word টিই conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসবে।
- তারপর Direct speech - এ present continuous tense থাকলে Indirect speech - এ তা past continuous tense হবে + বাকি অংশ বসবে।

• Structure: Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) + linker word + Reported speech - এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

• Note:
Interrogative sentence টি Indirect speech - এ সবসময় assertive sentence - এ পরিণত হবে।

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
১০.
"You completed the task ahead of time!" applauded the supervisor. (Change the speech)
  1. The supervisor said that they completed the task ahead of time.
  2. The supervisor applauded that they had completed the task ahead of time.
  3. The supervisor praised that they have completed the task ahead of time.
  4. The supervisor told that they had completed the task ahead of time.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech: "You completed the task ahead of time!" applauded the supervisor.
• Indirect speech: The supervisor applauded that they had completed the task ahead of time.

• Exclamatory sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, direct speech থেকে indirect speech করার নিয়ম:
- Direct speech দ্বারা আনন্দ বুঝালে Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "exclaimed/ exclaimed with joy" আর দুঃখ বুঝালে "exclaimed/exclaimed with sorrow/ grief" হয়।
- তবে কখনো কখনো অর্থ অনুযায়ী Direct speech -এর Reporting verb টিই বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে linker হিসেবে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech -এর Subject বসে।
- Direct narration -এর reported speech -এ যদি past indefinite tense থাকে, তাহলে Indirect narration -এ past perfect tense হবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে (যদি থাকে)।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Indirect speech হলো - The supervisor applauded that they had completed the task ahead of time.

• More Example: 
- Direct speech: "You all did a great job!" praised the coach.
- Indirect speech: The coach praised that they had all done a great job.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
১১.
They said, "Long live our president." (Change Narration).
  1. They said that our president could live long.
  2. They wished that our president might live long.
  3. They told that our president should live long.
  4. They wished that president to live long.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct Sentence: They wished that our president might live long.

- Optative Sentence- এ কামনা, আশীর্বাদ, ইচ্ছা, প্রার্থনা ইত্যাদি প্রকাশ পায়।
- Structure: Subject + wish/pray (tense অনুযায়ী) + that + Reported speech এর subject+ মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ।
- যেমন:

Direct: They said, "Long live our president."
Indirect: They wished that our president might live long.

- কামনা করায় wish বসেছে।
- Wished that বসেছে long live উঠে গিয়েছে।
- presedent এর পর might বসেছে।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.
১২.
The king's guard said, "Long live the realm!" (Make it indirect)
  1. The king's guard prayed that the realm might live long.
  2. The king's guard prayed that may the realm live long.
  3. The king's guard said that the realm may be live long.
  4. The king's guard prayed the realm to be lived long.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Optative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- said এর পরিবর্তে wished / prayed বসবে
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসবে
- reported speech এর subject বসে + may/ might বসে
- reported verb এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।

• Long live the realm মূলত May the realm live long. ছিল।
- তাই এটা ধরে নিয়ে Narration Change করতে হবে।
- নিয়ম অনুযায়ী, may - might হবে এবং Subject এর পরে বসবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Direct: The king's guard said, "Long live the realm!"
Indirect: The king's guard prayed that the realm might live long.

১৩.
He said to them, "Friends, help me." [change the narration]
  1. He asked them as friends, he requested them to help him.
  2. Addressing them as friends, he requested them to help him.
  3. He asked them for help.
  4. Addressing them friends, he request them to help him.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Imperative sentence এ direct speech এ কাউকে সম্বোধন করা হলে নীচের নিয়মের সাহায্যে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করতে:
- Addressing বসবে,
- Reporting verb এর object (যদি থাকে), 
- as বসে,
- যাকে/যাদেরকে সম্বোধন করা হয়েছে সে শব্দটি বসবে,
- Reporting verb এর subject বসবে,
- Reporting verb বসবে,
- to বসবে,
- Reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।

Structure: Addressing + Reporting verb এর object (যদি থাকে) + as + যাকে/যাদেরকে সম্বোধন করা হয়েছে সে শব্দটি + Reporting verb এর subject +  Reporting verb + to + Reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।

Direct: He said to them, "Friends, help me."
Indirect: Addressing them as friends, he requested them to help him.
১৪.
Change into indirect speech:
He said, "I have been working since morning."
  1. He said that he had been working since morning.
  2. He said that he has been working since morning.
  3. He said that he was working since morning.
  4. He said that he worked since morning.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Answer: ক) He said that he had been working since morning.

- মূল বাক্যটি হলো: He said, "I have been working since morning."
- এটি একটি Present Perfect Continuous Tense - "have been working".
- Narration পরিবর্তনে Reporting Verb "said" যদি Past থাকে, তাহলে Reported Speech-এ Tense এক ধাপ Past এ চলে যায় (past perfect continuous).
- তাই have been working → had been working হয়ে যায়।
- অতএব সঠিক Indirect Speech হবে: He said that he had been working since morning.

Other options:
খ) He has been working... - Present Perfect Continuous রেখেছে, যা ভুল।

গ) He was working... - Past Continuous হয়েছে, tense পরিবর্তন ভুল।

ঘ) He worked... - Simple Past হয়েছে, ভুল tense এবং অর্থ হারায়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১৫.
Rinu said, "I must go there." (Indirect)
  1. Rinu said that I must go there.
  2. Rinu said that he must go there.
  3. Rinu said that he had to go there.
  4. Rinu said that he must had to go there.
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - গ) Rinu said that he had to go there.

• Direct narration থেকে Indirect narration এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম হলো-
- প্রথমে Reporting verb-এর Subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- তারপর যদি বাক্যটি assertive sentence হয়, তাহলে Inverted comma (" ") উঠিয়ে দিয়ে conjunction হিসেবে that বসানো হয়।
- এরপর Reported speech-এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Reporting verb-এর Subject বা Object-এর number (একবচন বা বহুবচন), person (first, second, third) এবং gender (male/female) অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।

- Reported speech-এ must থাকলে এবং reporting verb past tense-এর হলেও indirect speech-এ must এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- আবার চিরকালীন বাধ্যতা না বোঝালে must-এর বদলে had to ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে।

• Example:
Dir: Kalim said, "I must go there."
Ind: Kalim said that he had to go there.

Dir: Rima said, "Kamal must have his car repaired."
Ind: Rima said that Kamal had to have his car repaired.

Dir: The teacher said, "Students must obey their teachers."
Ind: The teacher said that students must obey their teachers.

অন্যান্য অপশনের ভুল:

ক) বাক্যে "I" পরিবর্তিত হয়নি, যা ভুল।
খ) "must" অপরিবর্তিত রেখেছে, যা অতীত সময়ের reported speech-এ সাধারণত ঠিক না।
ঘ) "must had to" হলো grammatically ভুল, কারণ একসাথে দুটি modal verb ব্যবহার করা যায় না।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

১৬.
The teacher said to the student, "Leave the room."(Change into indirect speech)
  1. The teacher told the student to leave the room.
  2. The teacher ordered the student to leave the room.
  3. The teacher said the student to leave the room.
  4. The teacher requested the student to leave the room.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct: The teacher said to the student, "Leave the room."
Indirect: The teacher ordered the student to leave the room.

• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে Order/ command/ advise/ tell বসে,
- Direct speech এ অনুরোধ বুঝালে request বসবে, আদেশ বুঝালে command/order বসবে, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise বসবে,
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে;
- তবে, Negative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে not to বসে,
- Reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে,
- Structure: Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell/ instructed + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৭.
Change the sentence from direct speech to indirect. He said, "The horse died in the night."
  1. He said that the horse died in the night.
  2. He said that the horse had died in the night.
  3. He said that the horse was died in the night.
  4. He said that the horse has died in the night.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct speech: He said, "The horse died in the night."
- Indirect speech: He said that the horse had died in the night.

• Assertive sentence -এর Narration - change করার ক্ষেত্রে,
- প্রথমে Reporting verb -এর subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb - say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- তারপর assertive sentence -এর ক্ষেত্রে Inverted comma উঠে conjuction হিসেবে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech -এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Reported speech - এর person - Reporting verb - এর subject, object - এর number, person, ও gender অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- তবে, Reported speech -এ third person থাকলে তা পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- তারপর Direct narration - এর Reported speech যদি past indefinite tense -এ থাকে তাহলে Indirect narration -এ past perfect tense -এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Indirect speech হলো- খ) He said that the horse had died in the night.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

১৮.
Lisa said, "I must talk to the director about the project." (change the narration)
  1. Lisa said that she has to talk to the director about the project.
  2. Lisa said that she had talk to the director about the project.
  3. Lisa said that she talk to the director about the project.
  4. Lisa said that she had to talk to the director about the project.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct: Lisa said, "I must talk to the director about the project."
Indirect: Lisa said that she had to talk to the director about the project.


• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Direct speech এ must থাকলে Indirect speech এ had to হয়।
- to এর পর verb এর base form বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে। 

অন্যান্য অপশন ব্যাখ্যা:
ক) Lisa said that she has to talk to the director about the project. → এখানে "has" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা সঠিক নয় কারণ বাক্যটি অতীতে ঘটেছে।

খ) Lisa said that she had talk to the director about the project. → "had talk" ভুল গঠন, সঠিক গঠন হবে "had to talk"।

গ) Lisa said that she talk to the director about the project. → "talk" ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে, যা সঠিক নয়। এটা past tense হওয়া উচিত।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
১৯.
Identify the indirect speech of the sentence: She said, "Good morning, Mr. Kamal."
  1. She bade Mr. Kamal good morning.
  2. She said Mr. Kamal good morning.
  3. She told Mr. Kamal good morning.
  4. She wished Mr. Kamal good morning.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: She wished Mr. Kamal good morning.
 -"Good morning" যুক্ত Direct Speech কে  indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার জন্য, reporting verb হিসেবে "wished" ব্যবহার করা হয়। 
 
• Direct speech এ good morning/good evening থাকলে Indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর subject + wished+ object + good morning/good evening.
- সাক্ষাৎকালীন সম্ভাষণ Good morning/Good evening ইত্যাদির ক্ষেত্রে wish ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Other options:
ক) She bade Mr. Kamal good morning.
- বিদায় সম্ভাষন জাতীয় শব্দ Good night এর জন্য bade ব্যবহার করা হয়।

খ) She said Mr. Kamal good morning.
- Direct speech এ good morning/good evening থাকলে Indirect করার সময় reporting verb হিসেবে "wished" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

গ) She told Mr. Kamal good morning.
-  Direct speech এ good morning/good evening থাকলে Indirect করার সময় reporting verb হিসেবে "wished" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।তাই এখানে told এর ব্যবহার সঠিক নয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain

২০.
The mad king said, "Burn 'em all."
What is the correct indirect form?
  1. The mad king said that they should be burned all.
  2. The mad king advised them to burn all.
  3. The mad king ordered to burn them all.
  4. The mad king told burn them all.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: গ) The mad king ordered to burn them all.

- মূল বাক্যটি: "Burn 'em all." - এটি একটি আদেশ বা নির্দেশ।
- আদেশ বোঝাতে indirect speech-এ আমরা সাধারণত "ordered," "advised," "told," ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করি, তবে অর্থের যথাযথতা গুরুত্বপূর্ণ।
- "ordered them to burn them all" অর্থ সঠিক, কারণ রাজা নির্দেশ দিচ্ছেন কাউকে সব কিছু পোড়াতে।
- বাক্যটি পরিষ্কার এবং সঠিক গঠন অনুসারে রূপান্তরিত।
- অন্য অপশনগুলো ব্যাকরণগত বা অর্থগত ভুল রয়েছে।

Other options :
ক) The mad king said that they should be burned all.
- ব্যাকরণগত ভুল ("burned all" এর পরিবর্তে "all should be burned" হতে হবে) এবং passive voice এখানে অপ্রাসঙ্গিক।

গ) The mad king ordered to burn them all.
- "ordered" এর সাথে অবজেক্ট (them) থাকা দরকার: "ordered them to burn all" হতো সঠিক।

ঘ) The mad king told burn them all.
- "told" এর পরে অবজেক্ট এবং infinitive দরকার: "told them to burn them all".

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

২১.
"She said, Alas! I forgot my homework at home". The correct indirect speech of the sentence is-
  1. She exclaimed with sorrow that she forgot her homework at home. 
  2. She exclaimed with sorrow that she had forgotten her homework at home. 
  3. She exclaimed with sorrow that she has forgotten her homework at home. 
  4. She exclaimed with sorrow that she did forget her homework at home. 
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech: "She said, Alas! I forgot my homework at home". 
Indirect speech: She exclaimed with sorrow that she had forgotten her homework at home. 
- এটি Exclamatory sentence হওয়ায় এখানে Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে exclaimed with sorrow হয়েছে।
- Reported speech Past indefinite হওয়ায় indirect speech এর ক্ষেত্রে পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Past perfect হয়েছে।

• Exclamatory sentence কে Indirect speech এ রুপান্তর করার ক্ষেত্রে:
- Direct speech দ্বারা আনন্দ বুঝালে Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে exclaimed with joy হয়।
- আর দুঃখ বুঝালে exclaimed with sorrow or grief ইত্যাদি হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর Subject ,Repoting verb er Subject অনুযায়ী বসে।
- Reporting verb past tense এ থাকলে indirect speech করার সময় tense পরিবর্তিত হবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

২২.
Tawhid said to Shawon, "Why have you done it?" (make it indirect.)
  1. Tawhid asked Shawon why he had done it.
  2. Tawhid asked Shawon why he has done it.
  3. Tawhid asked Shawon why he did it.
  4. Tawhid asked Shawon by whom was it done.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Interrogative sentence (Direct speech) কে Assertive sentence (Indirect speech) এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম
- উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি wh question যুক্ত।
- wh question যুক্ত বাক্যের indirect speech এ 'said to' এর পরিবর্তে 'asked' বসে।
- Reported speech এর Wh word অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। অর্থাৎ, সেই Wh-question word টিই conjunction হিসেবে বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech এর subject বসবে।
- Direct speech টি present perfect tense এ থাকলে Indirect speech এ, তা past perfect tense এ পরিণত হবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Direct Speech: Tawhid said to Shawon, "Why have you done it?"
Indirect Speech: Tawhid asked Shawon why he had done it.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

২৩.
Change the speech: The teacher said to the students, “Don’t be late.”
  1. The teacher told that the students should not be late.
  2. The teacher ordered students to not be late.
  3. The teacher advised the students not to be late.
  4. The teacher requested the students that they not to be late. 
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: The teacher said to the students, “Don’t be late.”
- Indirect: The teacher advised the students not to be late.

• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

- Reported speech -এর অর্থ ও ভাবানুসারে Reporting verb টি order/command, advise, request, ask, beg বা tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তবে উপদেশ বুঝালে Reporting verb হিসেবে advise  ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে।
- তবে, Nefative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে not to বসে।
- Reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Structure:
- Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• More Examples:
- Direct speech: The officer said to the guard, "Shut the gate."
- Indirect speech: The officer ordered the guard to shut the gate.

২৪.
The girl said, "No, I denied stealing the money."
  1. The girl said that she denied to steal the money.
  2. The girl told that she has denied stealing the money.
  3. The girl said that she stole the money.
  4. The girl emphatically denied stealing the money.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Indirect speech-এর নিয়মানুযায়ী Direct speech থেকে Indirect করার সময়-
- প্রথমে Reporting verb-এর Subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- তারপর যদি বাক্যটি assertive sentence হয়, তাহলে Inverted comma (" ") উঠিয়ে দিয়ে conjunction হিসেবে that বসানো হয়।
- এরপর Reported speech-এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Reporting verb-এর Subject বা Object-এর number (একবচন বা বহুবচন), person (first, second, third) এবং gender (male/female) অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।

- 'জোড়ালোভাবে প্রত্যাখ্যান' বোঝাতে Indirect Narration এ 'deny' verb' এর পূর্বে 'emphatically' adverb-টি ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Direct narration: The girl said, "No, I denied stealing the money."
Indirect narration: The girl emphatically denied stealing the money.
২৫.
Mostofa said, "Let the girl say whatever she likes." (Change the narration.)
  1. Mostofa said that the girl said whatever she liked.
  2. Mostofa told that the girl might say whatever she likes.
  3. Mostofa said that the girl might say whatever she liked.
  4. Mostofa said the girl might say whatever she likes.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Mostofa said, "Let the girl say whatever she likes." 

- Imperative sentence এ let থাকলে, বাক্যটিকে narration পরিবর্তন করতে হলে,
- subject + reporting verb + object + that + reporting speech - এর subject + might + reported speech এর মূল verb - থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- Mostofa said that the girl might say whatever she liked.

২৬.
Change the Narration: My friend said to me, "May you pass the pen to her."
  1. My friend prayed me I might pass the pen to her.
  2. My friend hoped that I might pass the pen to her.
  3. My friend wished me I might pass the pen to her.
  4. My friend wished that I might pass the pen to her.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Narration: My friend said to me, "May you pass the pen to her."

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- Direct narration টি Optative sentence এর হলে,
- Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে: 
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- wish/pray বসে। 
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে। 
- reported speech এর subject বসে, may/might বসে।
- মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।  

Indirect Narration: My friend wished that I might pass the pen to her.

২৭.
He said, 'Make it'. (Make it indirect)
  1. He has asked it to be made.
  2. He said that let it be made.
  3. He ordered someone to make it.
  4. He said that he would let it be made.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: He said, 'Make it'.
• Indirect: He ordered someone to make it.

• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

• “Make it” একটি Imperative Sentence এবং তা আদেশ করা (order) অর্থ প্রকাশ করে।
- তাই indirect narration এ said to এর পরিবর্তে ordered ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- Affirmative এর ক্ষেত্রে to এবং negative এর ক্ষেত্রে not to বসে।
- to বসলে এরপর সরাসরি to + verb এর base form অথবা to এর পূর্বে একটি সুবিধাজনক subject (someone) ও নেয়া যায়।
২৮.
He asked me, "Are you coming to the party?" (Make it indirect)
  1. He asked to me if I am coming to the party.
  2. He asked me if I am coming to the party.
  3. He asked to me whether I was coming to the party.
  4. He asked me whether I was coming to the party.
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর হবে -
Direct: He asked me, "Are you coming to the party?"
Indirect: He asked me if I was coming to the party.

• Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম: 
- Subject + ask + object + if/whether + reported speech এর subject + Tense অনুসারে verb + extension.

•  উক্ত বাক্যে reported verb টি present indefinite tense এ রয়েছে।
- তাই, indirect speech এ reported verb টি past indefinite tense হবে।

Example: 
Direct: She asked me, ‘Are you happy in your new job?
Indirect: She asked me if I was happy in my new job.
২৯.
They said, "Long live our president." - (Change the narration)
  1. They hoped that their president might live long.
  2. They told that their president might live long.
  3. They wished that their president might live long.
  4. They said that their president should live long.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - গ) They wished that their president might live long.

• Indirect Speech এর ক্ষেত্রে:
- Reported speech-এ God উল্লেখ না থাকলে এবং কোন কামনা বুঝালে তখন say বা say to এর বদলে indirect speech-এ wish ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- wish that + NP + might + V এভাবে কিংবা wish + NP এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে থাকে।

• Example:
- Direct: They said, "Long live our president."
- Indirect: They wished that their president might live long.
(Wish + that + NP + might + V-এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।)

Or, They wished their president a long life.
- তারা তাদের প্রেসিডেন্টের দীর্ঘায়ু কামনা করল।

Source: A Passage To The English Language. S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৩০.
Asha said, "Goodbye, my friends." (Choose the correct indirect speech)
  1. Asha bade his friends goodbye.
  2. Asha baded his friends goodbye.
  3. Asha said to his friends goodbye.
  4. Asha bade her friends goodbye.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Good bye যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect করার নিয়ম:
Structure: Reporting verb-এর Subject + bid/bade + object + goodbye.
Example:
Direct: Asha said, ''Good-bye my friends.''
Indirect: Asha bade her friends goodbye.

এখানে, 
indirect speech-এ রূপান্তর করতে, "bid" ক্রিয়ার past tense "bade" ব্যবহার করা হয়ছে। যেহেতু "Asha" একজন নারী, তাই "her friends" হবে সঠিক।
অতএব, সঠিক উত্তর হলো (ঘ) Asha bade her friends goodbye.

Source: Advanced Learner's Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩১.
Romana said, "I must go there." (Make it Indirect)
  1. Romana said she must have to go there.
  2. Romana said that she to must go there.
  3. Romana said she had to go there.
  4. Romana said that she had to go there.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Direct speech এ must থাকলে Indirect speech এ had to হয়।
- to এর পর verb এর base form বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Direct: Romana said, "I must go there."
Indirect: Romana said that she had to go there.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৩২.
Father said to me, "May you pass the examination." (Make it indirect)
  1. Father hoped that I may pass the examination.
  2. Father prayed that I might be pased the examination.
  3. Father said that might I pass the examination.
  4. Father prayed that I might pass the examination.
ব্যাখ্যা
Optative sentence এর Direct speech থাকে Indirect speech-এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Reporting clause এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে wish/ pray বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject বসে।
- may/ might বসে।
- Reported speech এর মুল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Direct: Father said to me, "May you pass the examination."
Indirect: Father prayed that I might pass the examination.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৩৩.
He said, “If I were a bird!” (Make it indirect)
  1. He wished he had been a bird.
  2. He wished he were a bird.
  3. He said that he wished he had been a bird.
  4. He wished if he were a bird.
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি Exclamatory Sentence হওয়ায় এবংএর দ্বারা আকাঙ্ক্ষা প্রকাশ করায় Reporting Verb -Said এর পরিবর্তে  wished হবে।
- Sentence কে Assertive Sentence বানাতে হয় অর্থাৎ if কে বাদ দিয়ে এর পরের অংশ বসে।
- বক্তা ও শ্রোতা অনুযায়ী Reported Speech এর Subject ও Object পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Direct narration এর reporting verb টি past tense এ থাকলে indirect narration করার ক্ষেত্রে reported speech ও past tense হবে। 
- Reporting Verb (say) Past Tense হওয়ায় Reported Speech (Inverted Comma এর ভেতরের অংশ) নিয়ম অনুযায়ী Past Tense কে Past Perfect এ রূপান্তর করার সাধারণ নিয়ম থাকলেও Unreal Past এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- তাই এখানে were ই থাকবে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - 
- He wished he were a bird.
৩৪.
Change into indirect speech: The teacher said, "Open your books."
  1. The teacher said to open your books.
  2. The teacher asked open your books.
  3. The teacher told them to open their books.
  4. The teacher told to opened their books.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Answer: গ) The teacher told them to open their books.

- মূল বাক্য আদেশ বা অনুরোধ নির্দেশ করে।
- Reported speech এ “tell/told + object + to + verb” formব্যবহার হয়।
- “Your books” পরিবর্তিত হয়ে “their books” হয় কারণ subject পরিবর্তিত হয়েছে।
- “Said” এর পরিবর্তে “told” ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে কারণ সরাসরি নির্দেশনা।
- indirect speech: “The teacher told them to open their books.”

• Other options:
ক) The teacher said to open your books.
- "said" এর পরে অবজেক্ট (যাকে বলা হয়েছে) নেই, এবং "your" অপরিবর্তিত রয়ে গেছে।

খ) The teacher asked open your books.
- সঠিক গঠন মেনে হয় নি।

ঘ) The teacher told to opened their books.
- "to opened" ভুল – সঠিকভাবে infinitive হয় "to open".

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৫.
He said, "I must leave now." (Change the speech)
  1. He said that he had to leave then.
  2. He said that he had to leave than.
  3. He said that he has to leave now.
  4. He said that he must leave than.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct speech: He said, "I must leave now."
Indirect speech: He said that he had to leave then. 

•  Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:

- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Direct speech এ must থাকলে Indirect speech এ had to হয়।
- Direct speech এ now থাকলে Indirect speech এ then হয়।
- to এর পর verb এর base form বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- Dicect speech- এ 'this' থাকলে indirect speech- এ 'that' বসবে।

Direct: Ruhi said, "I must complete this project
Indirect: Ruhi said that she had to complete that project.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
৩৬.
Choose the correct indirect speech:
She said, “Alas! My father is no more.”
  1. She exclaimed with joy that her father was no more.
  2. She told that her father was no more.
  3. She exclaimed with sorrow that her father was no more.
  4. She said exclaimed with sorrow that her father was no more.
ব্যাখ্যা
সঠিক উত্তর: She exclaimed with sorrow that her father was no more.

মূল বাক্য: Direct Speech: She said, “Alas! My father is no more.”
উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Exclamatory Sentence.  এখানে "Alas!" শব্দটি দুঃখ বা দুঃখজনিত অভিব্যক্তি প্রকাশ করছে।
- যখন বাক্যে "Alas!" থাকে, তখন Indirect Speech-এ "exclaimed with sorrow" ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- Said → Exclaimed with sorrow পরিবর্তন হবে।
- Present tense → Past tense (is → was) পরিবর্তন হবে।
উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে "My father" পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "her father" হবে (কারণ she ব্যবহার হয়েছে)।
"is" পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "was" হবে।
অর্থাৎ Narration এর নিয়ম অনুসারে, সঠিক উত্তর: গ) She exclaimed with sorrow that her father was no more. 

অন্য অপশনগুলোর মাঝে:
ক) She exclaimed with joy that her father was no more. এখানে দুঃখ প্রকাশ করা হয়েছে, কিন্তু "joy" (আনন্দ) ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে, যা ভুল।
খ) She told that her father was no more. "Told" সাধারণত কাউকে কিছু জানানোর জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়, কিন্তু এখানে একটি আবেগপ্রবণ অভিব্যক্তি প্রকাশ করা হয়েছে।
ঘ) She said exclaimed with sorrow that her father was no more. এখানে "said" এবং "exclaimed" একসঙ্গে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে, যা গঠনগতভাবে ভুল।
৩৭.
Which one is the correct sentence?
  1. He asked me if I had passed
  2. He asked me if I passed
  3. He asked me did I pass
  4. He asked me if I have passed
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct sentence is 'He asked me if I had passed'.

- 'He asked me if I had passed' এটি একটি Indirect Speech.
- এর Direct speech: He said to me, 'Have you passed?'
- এখানে said-এর পরিবর্তে asked হয়েছে।
- Wh-question না থাকায় কমা উঠিয়ে if এবং Present perfect পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Past perfect হয়েছে Assertive আকারে।

Direct narration: He said to me, 'Have you passed?'
Indirect narration: He asked me if I had passed. 
৩৮.
Choose the correct indirect speech of: "How did you solve the problem?"
  1. He asked how I solved the problem.
  2. He asked how did I solve the problem.
  3. He asked how I had solved the problem.
  4. He asked how had I solved the problem.
ব্যাখ্যা
→ Answer: He asked how I had solved the problem.

WH-Question-কে Indirect Speech-এ রূপান্তর করার সময়:
- Reporting Verb হিসেবে asked ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- Tense পরিবর্তন করতে হবে (Past Indefinite → Past Perfect)।
- Inversion (Auxiliary Verb + Subject) সরিয়ে Subject + Verb এর সঠিক ক্রম বজায় রাখতে হবে।
- WH-word (যেমন: how, what, where ইত্যাদি) ঠিক রাখতে হবে।
- এই নিয়ম অনুসরণ করে সঠিক উত্তরটি হলো: He asked how I had solved the problem.

→ Direct Speech-এ প্রশ্নের Structure ছিল: Wh-word + Auxiliary Verb + Subject + Main Verb + Object? 
- যেমন: How + did + you + solve + the problem?
→ Indirect Speech-এ প্রশ্নের Structure হয়: Reporting Verb + Wh-word + Subject + Verb (Tense অনুযায়ী) + Object.
- উদাহরণ: He asked + how + I + had solved + the problem.

Examples:
Direct speech: "Where do you live?"
Indirect Speech: She asked where I lived.
৩৯.
She said to him, "You had better apologize to her." [indirect]
  1. She advised him apologize to her.
  2. She advised him to apologizing to her.
  3. She advised him to apologize her.
  4. She advised him to apologize to her.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct: She said to him, "You had better apologize to her."
Indirect: She advised him to apologize to her.

• had better এবং subject second person যুক্ত direct speech কে  indirect speech এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম-
- প্রথমে Subject বসবে,
- advised বসবে,
- object বসবে,
- infinitive বসবে,
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে-  She advised him to study hard.

৪০.
The teacher said to the students, “Thank you.” (Make it Indirect)
  1. The teacher thanked the students.
  2. The teacher told the students thank you.
  3. The teacher said thank you to the students.
  4. The teacher said to the students thank you.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: a) The teacher thanked the students.

• মূল বাক্য: Direct Speech: The teacher said to the students, “Thank you.”
এখানে "Thank you" বলতে শিক্ষক ছাত্রদের প্রতি কৃতজ্ঞতা প্রকাশ করছেন।
"Thank" যুক্ত বাক্যের Indirect Speech করার সময় "thanked" ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Said to → Thanked পরিবর্তিত হয়।
Indirect Speech রূপান্তরের গঠন: Subject + thanked + Object.

অর্থাৎ Narration এর নিয়ম অনুসারে, সঠিক উত্তর: The teacher thanked the students.

অন্য অপশনগুলোর মাঝে:
খ) The teacher told the students thank you. - "Told" সাধারণত কিছু জানানোর জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়, কিন্তু এখানে এটি উপযুক্ত নয়।
গ) The teacher said thank you to the students. - "Said thank you" সরাসরি ব্যবহৃত হয় না, এটি প্রথাগত ইংরেজি নয়।
ঘ) The teacher said to the students thank you. - "Said to" ব্যবহৃত হলেও বাক্যের গঠন ভুল এবং প্রথাগত নয়।

৪১.
He said, "They played football yesterday". (Make it indirect speech) 
  1. He said that they played football the previous day.
  2. He said that they had played football yesterday.
  3. He said that they had played football the previous day.
  4. He said that they have played football the previous day.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech: He said, "They played football yesterday". 
Indirect speech: He said that they had played football the previous day.
- Direct speech-এর বাক্যটি Past Indefinite Tense-এ আছে তাই Indirect speech এ tense-ও পরিবর্তন হয়ে Past Perfect Tense এ রূপান্তরিত হবে। Direct speech-এর "yesterday" শব্দটি পরিবর্তন হয়ে "the previous day" বা "the day before" হবে।

-  Assertive sentence -এর Narration - change করার ক্ষেত্রে,
- প্রথমে Reporting verb -এর subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb - say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- তারপর assertive sentence -এর ক্ষেত্রে Inverted comma উঠে Conjunction হিসেবে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech -এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Reported speech - এর person - Reporting verb - এর subject, object - এর number, person, ও gender অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- তবে, Reported speech -এ third person থাকলে তা পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- তারপর Direct speech- এর Reported speech যদি past indefinite tense -এ থাকে তাহলে Indirect speech -এ past perfect tense এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Other options:
ক) He said that they played football the previous day.
- ভুল কারণ, Direct speech-এর বাক্যটি Past Indefinite Tense-এ আছে তাই Indirect speech এ tense-ও পরিবর্তন হয়ে Past Perfect Tense এ রূপান্তরিত হবে। 

খ) He said that they had played football yesterday.
- ভুল কারণ, Direct speech-এর "yesterday" শব্দটি পরিবর্তন হয়ে "the previous day" বা "the day before" হবে।

ঘ) He said that they have played football the previous day.
- ভুল কারণ, Direct speech-এর বাক্যটি Past Indefinite Tense-এ আছে তাই Indirect speech এ tense-ও পরিবর্তন হয়ে Past Perfect Tense এ রূপান্তরিত হবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪২.
Direct: She said to us, “Let us organize a party.”
Indirect: She proposed to us that ______.
  1. we organized a party
  2. she should organize a party
  3. we should organize a party
  4. they should organize a party
ব্যাখ্যা
Correct Answer: we should organize a party.

• মূল বাক্য (Direct Speech): "She said to us, 'Let us organize a party.'"

Direct Speech-এ সে বলেছে, “Let us organize a party.”
এখানে Let দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হয়েছে, তাই Indirect Speech-এ রূপান্তরের সময় নিম্নলিখিত গঠনটি অনুসরণ করতে হবে:
Subject + proposed/suggested + Object + that + Subject(RS) + should + Verb(RS) + বাকি অংশ।
Direct Speech-এ "us" (আমরা) Indirect Speech-এ "we" হয়ে যায়, এবং নিয়ম অনুযায়ী "should" ব্যবহার করা হয়।
সুতরাং, সঠিক Indirect Speech হলো: She proposed to us that we should organize a party.
অর্থাৎ উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে সঠিক উত্তর হলো গ) we should organize a party.

বাকি অপশনগুলো ভুল:
ক) we organized a party → এখানে "should" ব্যবহার করা হয়নি, যা নিয়মের পরিপন্থী।
খ) she should organize a party → এখানে "she" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, কিন্তু Direct Speech-এ "us" (আমরা) ছিল, তাই "we" হবে।
ঘ) they should organize a party → এখানে "they" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা Direct Speech-এর "us" এর সাথে মেলে না।
৪৩.
Choose the correct indirect speech: Rahim said, "Good evening, will you come with me?"
  1. Rahim wished him good evening and requested to come with him.
  2. Rahim wished him good evening and asked if he would come with him.
  3. Rahim wished him good evening and asked if he will come with him.
  4. Rahim wished him good evening and told him he will come with him.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Indirect speech-এর নিয়মানুযায়ী Direct speech থেকে Indirect করার সময়-
- বাক্যে good morning/evening থাকলে say-এর পরিবর্তে wish এবং good-bye/ good night থাকলে say-এর পরিবর্তে bade বসে। 
- এরপর Reported speech-এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Reporting verb-এর Subject বা Object-এর number (একবচন বা বহুবচন), person (first, second, third) এবং gender (male/female) অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।

- Reported speech-এ good morning/good evening এবং interrogative বাক্য থাকলে structure হবে-
- sub+ wished + someone + good evening + and + asked + whether/if+ sub+will এর past form would+ প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যের sub-এর বাকি অংশ।

Direct narration: Rahim said, 'Good evening, will you come with me?'
Indirect narration: Rahim wished him good evening and asked if he would come with him.
৪৪.
He said, "We had been friends for many years before we started working together." (Make it indirect)
  1. He told to me that they had been being friends for many years before they started working together.
  2. He told me that they had been being friends for many years before they started working together.
  3. He said to me that they had had been friends for many years before they started working together.
  4. He said that they had been friends for many years before they started working together.
  5. He told to me that they had been friends for many years before they started working together.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech:
He said, "We had been friends for many years before we started working together."
Indirect Speech:
He said that they had been friends for many years before they started working together.

• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ ক্ষেত্রে:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

- যদি reported speech যদি had + verb এর past participle হয় তাহলে Indirect করার সময় Verb এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- অর্থাৎ, had + V3 এর পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- বাকি অংশ বসে।

• More examples:
Direct: Alex said to me, "I had finished the report before the deadline."
Indirect: Alex told me that he had finished the report before the deadline.
৪৫.
Choose the Indirect speech of the sentence: Karim said to me, "Where did you go Yesterday?"
  1. Karim asked me where did I go yesterday.
  2. Karim asked me where did you go the previous day.
  3. Karim asked me where I had gone yesterday.
  4. Karim asked me where I had gone the previous day.
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is: Karim asked me where I had gone the previous day.

• Interrogative Sentence যুক্ত Direct Speech কে Indirect Speech করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর স্থলে ask / enquire ব্যবহার হয়।
- Inverted Comma উঠে গিয়ে if/ whether বসে।
- তবে reported Speech টি যদি Wh question দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে if/whether না বসে ঐ Pronoun টিই বসে।
- Direct speech-এর Past indefinite tense indirect speech-এ past perfect tense-এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Pronoun ও Phrase গুলো ঠিকভাবে পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Yesterday থাকলে তা the previous day হয়।
- Structure: Subject + ask/asked + object + if/whether/wh + reported speech এর subject + Tense অনুসারে verb + extension.

• Example:
- Direct: She said to me, "Do you take tea?"
- Indirect: She asked me if I took tea.

Other Options:
ক) Karim asked me where did I go yesterday.
- Indirect speech এ সঠিকভাবে Tense এর পরিবর্তন করা হয়নি। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

খ) Karim asked me where did you go the previous day.
- Indirect speech এ সঠিকভাবে Tense এর পরিবর্তন করা হয়নি। তাই এটি সঠিক হয়।

গ) Karim asked me where I had gone yesterday.
- Indirect speech এ সঠিকভাবে phrase এর পরিবর্তন করা হয়নি।এখানে yesterday এর পরিবর্তে The previous day হলে সঠিক হত।

Source: A Passage To The English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৪৬.
He said to me, 'Do you like music?' (Change narration)
  1. He asked me if I liked music.
  2. He asked me if I like music.
  3. He asked me do I like music.
  4. He told me that I liked music.
ব্যাখ্যা
Q: He said to me, 'Do you like music?'
সঠিক উত্তর-
ক) He asked me if I liked music.

Interrogative sentence এর narration change করার সময়, said to পরিবর্তিত হয়ে asked হয়।
 হ্যাঁ/না প্রশ্নের ক্ষেত্রে if/whether যোগ করতে হয়।
Present Simple (like) পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Past Simple (liked)।

অন্যদিকে, 
খ) He asked me if I like music. (Tense পরিবর্তন হয়নি, Reporting Verb Past Tense হওয়ায় liked হবে)।
গ) He asked me do I like music. (if/whether ব্যবহার করতে হবে, প্রশ্নবোধক গঠন Indirect Speech-এ ভুল)।
ঘ) He told me that I liked music. (told এবং that ব্যবহার ভুল, এটি প্রশ্ন না, বিবৃতি হয়ে গেছে)।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৪৭.
Choose the correct indirect speech:
He says, "I am learning French."
  1. He says that he learns French.
  2. He says that he is learning French.
  3. He said that he learned French.
  4. He said that he is learning French.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech: "He says, "I am learning French."
• Indirect speech: He says that he is learning French.

Direct speech এর reporting verb যদি present tense, present perfect tense, বা future tense থাকে,
তবে reported speech এর verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
কেবল person পরিবর্তিত হয়,
অর্থাৎ, 1st person (I, we) থাকলে Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়। 

উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে Reporting verb "says" এখানে present tense এ আছে।
যেহেতু reported speech-এ verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হবে না, তাই "am learning" এর পরিবর্তে "is learning" থাকবে,
কারণ subject he (3rd person) এবং present continuous tense-এ রয়েছে।
"that" যোগ করা হয় inverted comma (") বাদ দিয়ে।
তাহলে, "He says, 'I am learning French.' -এর Indirect Speech হবে: "He says that he is learning French."

Examples:
Direct: He says, "I am ill."
Indirect: He says that he is ill.
৪৮.
He bade his friends good bye. (make it direct)
  1. He said, "Good-bye my friends."
  2. He asked, "Good-bye my friends."
  3. He said, "Good-bye his friend."
  4. "Good-bye my friend."
ব্যাখ্যা
• Good-bye / Farewell যুক্ত sentence- এ Indirect speech কে Direct speech করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর Subject বসে।
- bade এর পরিবর্তে said বসে।
- কমা (,) ব্যবহার হবে।
- ইনভার্টেড কমা (") শুরু।
- Good-bye বসে।
- object বসবে।
- ইনভার্টেড কমা (") শেষ।

Indirect: He bade his friends good bye.
Direct: He said, "Good-bye my friends.”

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪৯.
The doctor said to the patient, "Take plenty of water everyday."(change the narration)
  1. The doctor advised the patient to take plenty of water everyday.
  2. The doctor ordered the patient to take plenty of water everyday.
  3. The doctor said the patient to take plenty of water everyday.
  4. The doctor told the patient to take plenty of water everyday.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: The doctor advised the patient to take plenty of water everyday.
- এটি একটি Imperative sentence হওয়ায় এবং বাক্যটি উপদেশ সূচক হওয়ার কারণে এখানে "said to" এর পরিবর্তে advised বসিয়ে Indirect speech করা হয়েছে।

• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise বসে,
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে,
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত পরবর্তী অংশ অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- Structure: Subject + request/order/ advise/ told/ instructed + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Other Options:
খ) The doctor ordered the patient to take plenty of water everyday.
- একজন ডাক্তার রুগীকে উপদেশ দেন। তাই এখানে said to এর পরিবর্তে ordered এর ব্যবহার সঠিক নয়।

গ) The doctor said the patient to take plenty of water everyday.
 - বাক্যটি উপদেশ সূচক হওয়ার কারণে এখানে "said to" এর পরিবর্তে advised বসিয়ে Indirect speech করতে হবে। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

ঘ) The doctor told the patient to take plenty of water everyday.
→ এটি একটি Imperative sentence. এখানে একজন ডাক্তার রুগীকে উপদেশ দেওয়া বোঝাচ্ছে। তাই said to এর পরিবর্তে told এর ব্যবহার ভুল।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫০.
She said, “I must attend the meeting.” [make it indirect]
  1. She asked that she had to attend the meeting.
  2. She said that she off to attend the meeting.
  3. She said that she better to attend the meeting.
  4. She said that she had to attend the meeting.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct: She said, “I must attend the meeting.”
Indirect: She said that she had to attend the meeting.

•  Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:

- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Direct speech এ must থাকলে Indirect speech এ had to হয়।
- to এর পর verb এর base form বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Direct: Ruhi said, "I must finish this project
Indirect: Ruhi said that she had to finish that project.

অন্যগুলো ভুল:

ক) She asked that she had to attend the meeting.
- ভুল। "Asked" ব্যবহার হয় যখন প্রশ্ন থাকে। এখানে statement আছে, তাই "said" হবে।

খ) She said that she off to attend the meeting.
 - সম্পূর্ণ ভুল এবং অর্থহীন structure.

গ) She said that she better to attend the meeting.
- ভুল। "Must" কখনো "better" হয় না।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৫১.
The indirect speech: He asked me, "Must you leave now?"
  1. He asked me if I must leave then.
  2. He asked me if I must have left then.
  3. He asked me if I had to leave now.
  4. He asked me if I had to leave then.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct speech: He asked me, "Must you leave now?"
- Indirect speech: He asked me if I had to leave then.

• Must যুক্ত interrogative sentence -এর Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb হিসেবে ask/asked বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে if/whether বসে।
- অবশ্য করণীয় অর্থে must থাকলে Indirect speech এ had to হয়।
- to এর পর verb এর base form বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসে।
- Indirect speech- এ Now → then হয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৫২.
Change the narration: Soha exclaimed that she was a great fool.
  1. Soha said, "What a fool I am!"
  2. Soha said, "What a fool am I!"
  3. Soha say, " What a fool I am!"
  4. Soha said, "I am a great fool!"
ব্যাখ্যা
• Indirect to direct:

• প্রথমে Subject বসে, 
- exclaimed এর পরিবর্তে said বসে, 
- এরপর inverted comma,  
- Indirect এর reported speech এ great থাকলে direct এ What দ্বারা exclamatory sentence টি শুরু হয়।
- What + a/an + noun + subject বসে person অনুযায়ী + verb এর present form বসে + exclamatory sigh (!)বসে + inverted comma বসে।

Indirect: Soha exclaimed that she was a great fool.
Direct: Soha said, " What a fool I am!"
৫৩.
Choose the direct speech of the sentence: She told me to stand up.
  1. She said, "Do stand up".
  2. She told, "Stand up".
  3. She said me, "Stand up".
  4. She said to me, "Stand up".
ব্যাখ্যা
• Imperative sentence-এর Direct speech করতে হলে told/ requested/ ordered/ commanded এর জায়গায় said to বসে।
- Indirect speech এর 'to' উঠে যায়৷ 
- told me থাকলে said to হয়।
- এবং indirect speech এর 'to' উঠে যায়৷

• তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী
Indirect: She told me to stand up.
 Direct: She said to me, ''Stand up''
৫৪.
He said to me, "Bring me a glass of water." (make it indirect)
  1. He proposed me to bring him a glass of water.
  2. He asked me to bring him glass of water.
  3. He requested me to bring him a glass of water.
  4. He suggested me to bring him a glass of water.
ব্যাখ্যা
Imperative sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Subject + request/ order/advice /beg /forbid বসে।
- object বসে।
- to + reported speech এর মুল verb থাকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।
- reported verb- টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order/ command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হবে।

Direct: He said to me, "Bring me a glass of water."
Indirect: He requested me to bring him a glass of water.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৫৫.
The teacher said to the students, "Have you understood the lesson?" [change the narration]
  1. The teacher asked the student if they had understood the lesson.
  2. The teacher asked the students if they had understood the lesson.
  3. The teacher asked the students if they have understood the lesson.
  4. The teacher asked the students if they understood the lesson.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
Sentence টি Interrogative sentence এ থাকলে,
- Reporting verb টি ask, inquire of, want to know, demand, wonder ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive এ পরিণত হয়।

• Interrogative sentence এ যদি W/H question word না থেকে যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তখন সেই বাক্যটিকে পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of বসে।
- Object বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- if/ whether বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- reported speech এর verb বসে।
- বাকি অংশ।

Structure: Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।

Direct: Promi said to her friend, "Will you go home?"
Indirect: Promi asked her friend if she would go home.

Direct: The teacher said to the students, "Have you understood the lesson?"
Indirect: The teacher asked the students if they had understood the lesson.

বাকি অপশনগুলোর বিশ্লেষণ:

ক) The teacher asked the student if they had understood the lesson.
- “student” singular, কিন্তু মূল বাক্যে একাধিক student আছে।

গ) The teacher asked the students if they have understood the lesson. 
- এখানে tense ঠিক নেই, 'have' না হয়ে 'had' হতো।

ঘ) The teacher asked the students if they understood the lesson.
- এখানে 'they had understood the lesson' হলে সঠিক হতো। 

৫৬.
Rina said to Mina, "Will you help me with this project?"
  1. Rina asked Mina will she would help her with that project.
  2. Rina asked Mina if she would helped her with that project.
  3. Rina asked Mina if she would help her with that project.
  4. Rina asked Mina if she helped her with that project.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
Sentence টি Interrogative sentence এ থাকলে,
- Reporting verb টি ask, inquire of, want to know, demand, wonder ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive এ পরিণত হয়।

• Interrogative sentence এ যদি W/H question word না থেকে যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তখন সেই বাক্যটিকে পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of বসে।
- Object বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- if/ whether বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- reported speech এর verb বসে।
- বাকি অংশ।

Structure: Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।

Direct: Promi said to her friend, "Will you go home?"
Indirect: Promi asked her friend if she would go home.

Direct: Rina said to Mina, "Will you help me with this project?"
Indirect: Rina asked Mina if she would help her with that project.

৫৭.
Change the narration: Ayesha said to her sister, "Will you go home?"
  1. Ayesha asked her sister if she would go home.
  2. Ayesha told to her sister if she would go home.
  3. Ayesha said her sister if she would go home.
  4. Ayesha asked to her sister if she will go home.
  5. Ayesha asks her sister if she would go home.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
Sentence টি Interrogative sentence এ থাকলে,
- Reporting verb টি ask, inquire of, want to know, demand, wonder ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive এ পরিণত হয়।

• Interrogative sentence এ যদি W/H question word না থেকে যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তখন সেই বাক্যটিকে পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of বসে।
- Object বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- if/ whether বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- reported speech এর verb বসে।
- বাকি অংশ।

Structure: Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।

Direct: Ayesha said to her sister, "Will you go home?"
Indirect: Ayesha asked her sister if she would go home.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৫৮.
Kamal said, "I shall start the project next week." (make it indirect)
  1. Kamal said that he shall start the project next week.
  2. Kamal requested that he would start the project next week.
  3. Kamal said that he would start the project the following week.
  4. Kamal said that he will be starting the project next week.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct Speech এ Reported Verb টি Past Tense হলে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Reporting Speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting Verb say/ said, tell/ told বসবে। (যদি থাকে)
- Inverted Comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported Speech এর Subject/ Person অনুসারে পরিবর্তন হবে।
- Future Tense এর Will/Shall এর পরিবর্তে Would ব্যবহার করা হয়।
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

• Direct Speech: Kamal said, "I shall start the project next week."
• Indirect Speech: Kamal said that he would start the project the following week.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৯.
Change into indirect speech:
Rita said, "Do you like ice cream?"
  1. Rita asked if I like ice cream.
  2. Rita asked if I liked ice cream.
  3. Rita told I liked ice cream.
  4. Rita said that I liked ice cream.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Speech: Rita said, "Do you like ice cream?"
• Indirect Speech: Rita asked if I liked ice cream.

- এটি একটি প্রশ্নবাচক শব্দ, তাই,
- Reporting verb এর 'Said' পরিবর্তিত হয়ে হয় asked.
- প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন এবং প্রশ্নটি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে একটি বক্তব্যতে পরিবর্তিত হয় ফলে শেষে full stop বসে।
- Tense (Present Simple) পরিবর্তিত হয়ে Past simple হবে।
-  Pronoun 'You' পরিবর্তিত হয়ে 'I' হবে। 

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৬০.
Which one is the correct indirect narration of "Rubel said to me, 'I came yesterday.'"?
  1. Rubel told to me that he came yesterday.
  2. Rubel said me that he had come the previous day.
  3. Rubel said to me that he came the previous day.
  4. Rubel told me that he had come the previous day.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: ঘ) Rubel told me that he had come the previous day.

Direct speech: Rubel said to me, "I came yesterday."
Indirect speech: Rubel told me that he had come the previous day.

• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে, Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম।
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হব

• Direct speech এ said to me থাকলে indirect speech এ তা পরিবর্তিত হয়ে told হবে এবং reporting verb এর tense অনুযায়ী indirect speech এ পরিবর্তন আসবে।
- কমার বদলে that বসবে।
- reporting verb এবং reporting speech উভয়েই past indefinite থাকলে, indirect করার সময় reported speech কে past perfect tense এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে।
- Direct Narration - এ yesterday থাকলে Indirect Narration - এ the previous day হয়।

অন্য অপশনগুলো:
ক) Rubel told to me that he came yesterday. — told to me ব্যবহার হয় না, শুধু told me হবে। এছাড়া came yesterday পরিবর্তন হয়নি।
খ) Rubel said me that he had come the previous day. — said me ভুল ব্যবহার। সঠিক হবে told me।
গ) Rubel said to me that he came the previous day. — came Past Indefinite রয়ে গেছে, কিন্তু এখানে Past Perfect (had come) হওয়া উচিত।

৬১.
What is the correct indirect speech of the sentence: Murubbi, the saint, said to his followers, "Ugh! What's that, brother?"
  1. Murubbi, the saint, angrily said to his followers that he doesn't know what that was.
  2. Murubbi, the saint, exclaimed in disgust and asked his followers what that was.
  3. Murubbi, the saint, asked his followers what was happening there.
  4. Murubbi, the saint, told his followers that he was surprised to see something.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Speech: Murubbi, the saint, said to his followers, "Ugh! What's that, brother?"
• Indirect Speech: Murubbi, the saint, exclaimed in disgust and asked his followers what that was.

• Exclamatory sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, direct speech থেকে indirect speech:
- Direct speech দ্বারা বিরক্তি বুঝালে Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "exclaimed with annoyance/exclaimed with joy/exclaimed with disgust"; আনন্দ বুঝালে "exclaimed with joy" এবং দুঃখ বুঝালে "exclaimed/exclaimed with sorrow/ grief" হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসবে।
- reported speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting verb অনুযায়ী reported speech এর verb বসবে।
- very/great বসবে।
- adjective বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ (যদি থাকে)।
- উল্লেখ্য যে, Indirect speech- এ addressing as brother কথাটি ঊহ্য রয়েছে।

এছাড়াও,
• ugh (exclamation)
English Meaning: used to express a strong feeling of disgust (= disapproval and dislike) at something very unpleasant.
Bangla Meaning: ঘৃণাসূচক অব্যয়; অ্যাহ্!

Example Sentence:
1. Ugh, I think I stepped in something really gross.
2. Ugh, I'm not eating that!

Source: 
1. Cambridge Dictionary.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.
৬২.
Mina says, "My father teaches me mathematics. (Make it indirect)
  1. Mina says that her father taught her mathematics. 
  2. Mina tells that her father teaches her mathematics. 
  3. Mina says that her father teaches her mathematics. 
  4. Mina tells that her father taught her mathematics. 
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech: Mina says, "My father teaches me mathematics.
Indirect speech: Mina says that her father teaches her mathematics.  
- উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নে Reporting verb "says" এখানে present tense এ আছে। তাই reported speech-এ verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হবে না। Reporting verb-এর পরে যেহেতু এখানে object নেই, তাই told  ব্যবহার না করে "says" ব্যবহারই সঠিক।

• Direct speech এর reporting verb যদি Present tense বা Future tense থাকে, সেক্ষেত্রে (Direct speech) কে (Indirect speech)- এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Reported speech এর verb এর tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- কেবল person পরিবর্তিত হয়,
- অর্থাৎ, 1st person (I, we) থাকলে Reporting Verb এর Subject অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়। 
- 2nd person (you) থাকলে Reporting Verb এর Object অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- Reported speech এর 3rd person এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না। 

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬৩.
She said, "Hurray! Our team has scored the winning goal." (make it indirect)
  1. She said that their team had scored the winning goal.
  2. She exclaimed with joy that their team had scored the winning goal.
  3. She exclaimed that their team has scored the winning goal.
  4. She shouted that their team had scored the winning goal.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Exclamatory Sentence এর Direct Speech এ আনন্দ বুঝালে:
- Subject + Reporting Verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে exclaim/ exclaimed with joy বসে। (দুঃখ বুঝালে exclaim/ exclaimed with sorrow or grief বসে।)
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting verb অনুযায়ী Reported speech এর verb বসবে।
- Adjective বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ (যদি থাকে)।

• Direct Speech: She said, "Hurray! Our team has scored the winning goal."
• Indirect Speech: She exclaimed with joy that their team had scored the winning goal.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬৪.
My father said to me, “Do not run in the sun.” (Change the speech)
  1. My father advised me not to run in the sun.
  2. My father ordered me to not to run in the sun.
  3. My father said to me not to run in the sun.
  4. My father said me not to run in the sun.
ব্যাখ্যা
Correct answer: My father advised me not to run in the sun.

------------------- 
• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- বাক্যটি নিষেধ/উপদেশমূলক হওয়ায় said এর পরিবর্তে advised/forbade/ordered ব্যবহৃত হবে।
- প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যের indirect speech এ advised এবং ordered ব্যবহৃত হলে not to ব্যবহৃত হবে.
- কিন্তু forbade নিজেই না বোধক হওয়ায় এর পর not বসবে না শুধু to + verb বসবে।

- যেমন: The Teacher said to the students, “Do not make noise.”
এর indirect speech হতে পারে।
1- The teacher ordered/advised the students not to make noise.
2- The teacher forbade the students to make noise.

আরো উদাহরণ:
• Direct speech: 'Don't waste your time' the boss said to the employees.
Indirect speech:
- The boss ordered/advised the employees not to waste their time.
- The boss forbade the employees to waste their time.

• Direct speech: John said to me, “Don’t conceal anything”.
Indirect speech:
- John forbade me to conceal anything.
- John advised/ ordered me not to conceal anything.

• Direct speech: My father said to me, “Do not waste your time.”
Indirect speech:
- My father forbade me to waste my time.
- My father ordered/advised me not to waste time.
৬৫.
What is the indirect form of: The headmistress says, "The school will remain closed tomorrow."?
  1. The headmistress says that the school would remain closed the next day.
  2. The headmistress told that the school would remain closed the next day.
  3. The headmistress says that the school will be remain closed the next day.
  4. The headmistress says that the school will remain closed the next day.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: The headmistress says, "The school will remain closed tomorrow."
- Indirect: The headmistress says that the school will remain closed the next day.​

​• Assertive sentence -এর Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech করা নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb-এর Subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb (say/said, tell/told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- Reporting verb টি present/future tense -এ থাকলে Reported speech -এর tense -এর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- তারপর Inverted comma (" ") উঠিয়ে দিয়ে conjunction হিসেবে that বসানো হয়।
- Reported speech-এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- নৈকট্যবাচক শব্দ Indirect speech -এ দূরত্ববাচক শব্দে পরিবর্তিত হয় ("tomorrow" becomes "the next day")।

অন্যদিকে,
ক) এখানে reporting verb "says" present tense -এ আছে, তাই Reported speech -এ "would" (past tense) হবে না।

খ) Direct speech -এ reporting verb "says" present tense -এ আছে, তাই reporting verb to "told" (past tense) হবে না।

গ) Uses "will be remain", which is grammatically incorrect (should be "will remain").

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৬৬.
He said to me, "I dare not take such a risk." (Make it indirect)
  1. He said to me that he dare not to take such a risk.
  2. He told that he dares not take such a risk.
  3. He told to me that he dares not to take such a risk.
  4. He told me that he dared not take such a risk.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Dare, make, let ইত্যাদি শব্দের পরে Verb-এর base form বসে।
- Reporting Verb, ‘said’ Past Indefinite Form এ আছে বলে Reported speech-এর dare শব্দটি Past Simple হবে
- Reporting Verb-এর Subject টি Third Person হলে, Reported Speech-এর Subject-টি Third Person হবে।
- dare এর সাথে infinitive to এর ব্যবহার উহ্য থাকে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- direct speech: He said to me, "I dare not take such a risk."
- indirect speech হচ্ছে - He told me that he dared not take such a risk.
৬৭.
Choose the right indirect speech:
The teacher said to Rakib, "Congratulations! Wish you success in life."
  1. The teacher congratulated Rakib and said wish you success in life.
  2. The teacher wished congratulations and success in life to Rakib.
  3. The teacher wished congratulations to Rakib and wished him success in life.
  4. The teacher congratulated Rakib and wished him success in life.
ব্যাখ্যা

• সাধারণত Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- Direct Narration এ Thanks/Thank you/Congratulations/Welcome থাকলে indirect করতে said এর পরিবর্তে "Thanked/Congratulated/Welcome" বসে।

• নিয়ম অনুযায়ী "Congratulations!" এর ক্ষেত্রে Reporting verb এর structure নিম্ন রূপ: 
- Subject + said থাকলে congratulated + subject এর object form এই নিয়মে indirect করতে হয়।
- প্রশ্নে দুটি বাক্য থাকায় মাঝে 'and' যুক্ত হয়েছে। 

Direct: The teacher said to Rakib, "Congratulations! Wish you success in life."
Indirect: The teacher congratulated Rakib and wished him success in life.

৬৮.
The teacher said, “The Earth revolves around the Sun.” (Make it Indirect Speech.)
  1. The teacher said that the Earth revolved around the Sun.
  2. The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
  3. The teacher said that the Earth is revolving around the Sun.
  4. The teacher said that the Earth had revolved around the Sun.
ব্যাখ্যা
Direct Speech: The teacher said, “The Earth revolves around the Sun.” 
Indirect Speech: The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the Sun.

- এটি একটি সার্বজনীন সত্য (universal truth).
- তাই Indirect speech-এ রূপান্তর করলে এর tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- কমা এবং ইনভার্টেড কমা তুলে নিয়ে that বসে।

- সকল অপশন গুলোয় Tense পরিবর্তিত হওয়ার কারণে বাকিগউলো ভুল।

• Other options:
ক) revolved : ভুল, কারণ এটি universal truth, তাই present tense হবে।

খ) is revolving : ভুল, কারণ এটি continuous tense করে ফেলেছে।

ঘ) had revolved : ভুল, এটি tense unnecessarily পরিবর্তন করেছে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৬৯.
Choose the correct indirect form of the following sentence:
The doctor said, "You had better get some rest." 
  1. The doctor advised me that I should get rest.
  2. The doctor advised me to get some rest.
  3. The doctor suggest me to get some rest.
  4. The doctor said me that to get some rest.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct: The doctor said, "You had better get some rest."
Indirect: The doctor advised me to get some rest.

• had better এবং subject second person যুক্ত direct speech কে  indirect speech এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম - 
- প্রথমে Subject বসে।
-  advise/advised বসে।
- object বসে।
- infinitive বসে।
- বাকি অংশ।

Direct: He said, 'You had better see a doctor'.
Indirect: He advised him to see a doctor.

অন্যান্য অপশনগুলো ভুল:

ক) The doctor advised me that I should get rest.
→ that I should get rest → grammatically ঠিক, কিন্তু “some” বাদ গেছে এবং modern English এ “advised to” বেশি ব্যবহার হয়।

গ) The doctor suggest me to get some rest.
→ suggest me to → ভুল, কারণ “suggest” এর পরে to-infinitive ব্যবহার হয় না, suggest that I should… হয়।

ঘ) The doctor said me that to get some rest.
 → grammatically ভুল।

৭০.
Choose the correct indirect form:
He said, "I must leave now."
  1. He said he had to leave then.
  2. He said that he had to leave then.
  3. He said that he has to leave then.
  4. He said that he had to be leave then.
ব্যাখ্যা

•  Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:

- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Direct speech এ must থাকলে Indirect speech এ had to হয়।
- to এর পর verb এর base form বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- Dicect speech- এ 'now' থাকলে indirect speech- এ 'then' বসবে।

Direct speech: He said, "I must leave now."
Indirect speech: He said that he had to leave then. 

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৭১.
He said, "I had gone to the park before." (make it indirect)
  1. He said that he had had gone to the park before.
  2. He said that he had gone to the park before.
  3. He said that I had been gone to the park before.
  4. He said that he had been gone to the park before.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
• Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ ক্ষেত্রে:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর subject number/person অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

• যদি reported speech যদি had + verb এর past participle হয় তাহলে  Indirect করার সময় Verb এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- অর্থাৎ, had + V3 এর পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- said এর পরিবর্তে said + that হয়।
- বাকি অংশ বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
Direct: He said, "I had gone to the park before."
Indirect: He said that he had gone to the park before.

Example:
Direct: Rina said, "I had read the topic thoroughly before the exam"
Indirect: Rina said that she had read the topic thoroughly before the exam.
৭২.
Change into indirect speech: "Are you crying?" Rahim asked her.
  1. Rahim asked her if she was being crying.
  2. Rahim told her if she was crying.
  3. Rahim asked her if she was crying.
  4. Rahim asked her if she has been crying.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration:
Interrogative sentence যুক্ত direct speech কে indirect speech করার ক্ষেত্রে:

Structure: Subject + ask + object + if/whether + reported speech এর subject + tense অনুসারে verb + extension.

- এই বাক্যে reported verb টি present continuous tense হয়।
- তাই, indirect speech এ reported verb টি past continuous tense হবে।

Direct: "Are you crying?" Rahim asked her.
Indirect: Rahim asked her if she was crying.
৭৩.
She said, “Good night.” (Make it indirect)
  1. She told me good night.
  2. She wished me good night.
  3. She said to me good night.
  4. She greeted to me good night.
ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর: খ) She wished me good night.

• যখন কারও বক্তব্যে "Good morning," "Good evening," "Good night," ইত্যাদি শুভেচ্ছাবাচক শব্দ থাকে, তখন তা indirect speech-এ রূপান্তর করার সময় verb "wished" ব্যবহার করা হয়।
উল্লিকিত প্রশ্নে "said" verb এর পরিবর্তিত হয়ে "wished" হবে, কারণ "Good night" একটি শুভেচ্ছাবাচক বাক্য।
Direct: She said, “Good night.”
Indirect: She wished me good night.

অন্য অপশনগুলোর মাঝে:
(ক) She told me good night. → ভুল, কারণ "told" সাধারণত নির্দেশ বা তথ্য দেওয়ার ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হয়, শুভেচ্ছার ক্ষেত্রে নয়।
(গ) She said to me good night. → ভুল, কারণ "said to" এখানে প্রাসঙ্গিক নয়, এবং এটি ইংরেজিতে সঠিক গঠন নয়।
(ঘ) She greeted to me good night. → ভুল, কারণ "greeted" সাধারণত "Good morning" বা "Good evening"-এর ক্ষেত্রে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে, কিন্তু "Good night" সাধারণত "wished" দিয়ে প্রকাশ করা হয়। আবার to প্রাসঙ্গিক নয়।

৭৪.
The king said, "Let the boy enter the palace." (Make it indirect)
  1. The king asked his men to the boy enter the palace.
  2. The king said that the boy may be allowed to enter the palace.
  3. The king said that the boy can be allowed to enter the palace.
  4. The king said that the boy might be allowed to enter the palace.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct: The king said, "Let the boy enter the palace."
- Indirect: The king said that the boy might be allowed to enter the palace.

Let যুক্ত imperative sentence কে direct থেকে indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Let এর পরে me, him, them/object থাকলে, অর্থাৎ প্রস্তাব না বুঝালে reporting verb সাধারণত পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- তবে অর্থানুসারে (requset, desire, order) ব্যবহার করা যায়। 
- তারপর Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- Reporting verb -এর subject পুনরায় বসে।
- তারপর might/might be allowed to + Reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।

• Structure: Sub + reporting verb (অর্থানুসারে পরিবর্তন করা যায় অথবা না করলেও চলে) + that + sub + might/might be allowed to + মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত। (let কে ফেলে দিতে হয়)

• More examples:
- Direct: Imran said to me, “Let me read History.”
- Indirect: Imran told me that he might read History.

৭৫.
The teacher said to the students, "Always speak the truth."(Make it indirect speech) 
  1. The teacher advised the students to speak the truth always.
  2. The teacher requested the students to speak the truth always.
  3. The teacher said to the students to speak the truth always.
  4. The teacher forbade the students to speak the truth always.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech: The teacher said to the students, "Always speak the truth."
Indirect speech: The teacher advised the students to speak the truth always.


• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, তা না হলে tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়;
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে;
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- Structure: Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell/ instructed + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Other Options:
খ) The teacher requested the students to speak the truth always.
- ভুল কারণ, Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার ক্ষেত্রে Reporting verb উপদেশ বুঝালে "said to" এর পরিবর্তে "advise" বসে।

গ) The teacher said to the students to speak the truth always.
- ভুল কারণ, Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার ক্ষেত্রে Reporting verb উপদেশ বুঝালে "said to" এর পরিবর্তে "advise" বসে।

ঘ) The teacher forbade the students to speak the truth always.
- ভুল কারণ, Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার ক্ষেত্রে Reporting verb উপদেশ বুঝালে "said to" এর পরিবর্তে "advise" বসে

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭৬.
Rahim said, "I must finish the work today." (make it indirect)
  1. Rahim said that he must finish the work today.
  2. Rahim said that he had to finish the work that day.
  3. Rahim said that he has to finish the work today.
  4. Rahim said that he finished the work that day.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct specch থেকে Indirect specch এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb এর Subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb (say/ said, tell/ told) বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- যদি assertive sentence হয়, তাহলে Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসানো হয়।
- Reported speech এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- Reporting verb এর Subject বা Object এর number (একবচন বা বহুবচন), person (first, second, third) এবং gender (male/ female) অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- যখন Reported Verb past হয়, তখন must → had to হবে।
- তারপর বাক্যটির বাকি অংশ বসানো হয়।

• Direct speech: Rahim said, "I must finish the work today."
• Indirect speech: Rahim said that he had to finish the work that day.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭৭.
I said to him, "Where are you going? (Change into indirect speech)
  1. I told him where he was going.
  2. I asked him where he was going.
  3. I told him where was he going.
  4. I asked him where was he going.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech: I said to him, "Where are you going?"
Indirect speech: I asked him where he was going.

• Interrogative sentence (Direct speech) কে (Indirect speech)- এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Reporting verb-এর Subject বসে এবং Reporting verb "said" -এর পরিবর্তে asked বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তবে, Reported speech টি যদি "Wh" word দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে। 
- তারপর Reported speech-এর Object বসবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী Tense পরিবর্তিত হবে এবং Verb, Subject এর পরে বসে।
- Direct speech টি Present Continuous এ থাকলে Indirect speech এ, তা Past Continuous এ পরিণত হবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭৮.
Change the narration: The teacher says, "The flowers are blooming."
  1. The teacher said that the flowers are blooming.
  2. The teacher says that the flowers are blooming.
  3. The teacher says that the flowers were blooming.
  4. The teacher said that the flowers were blooming.
ব্যাখ্যা
• The correct answer is: The teacher says that the flowers are blooming.

• Direct narration: The teacher says, "The flowers are blooming.
-
প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি Direct narration -এ present tense -এ আছে।

• Narration -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Reporting verb -এর tense - present বা future -এ থাকলে reported speech -এর verb -এর tense -এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- অর্থাৎ, present tense -এ থাকলে present tense -ই হবে; future tense থাকলে future tense -ই হবে।

- তাই, প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject এবং Reporting verb বসবে।
- তারপর Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে that বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসে verb + বাকি অংশ বসবে।

- প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটির Reporting verb 'says' - present tense -এ আছে, তাই Indirect narration -এ তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।

• তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Direct narration: The teacher says, "The flowers are blooming.
- Indirect narration: The teacher says that the flowers are blooming.

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৭৯.
Change the narration: Rafiq said, "I must leave now."
  1. Rafiq said that he had to leave than.
  2. Rafiq said that he must leave now.
  3. Rafiq said that he has to leave now.
  4. Rafiq said that he had to leave then.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech: Rafiq said, "I must leave now."
Indirect speech: Rafiq said that he had to leave then. 

•  Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের বেলায়:

- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Reporting verb say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Direct speech এ must থাকলে Indirect speech এ had to হয়।
- to এর পর verb এর base form বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- Dicect speech- এ 'now' থাকলে indirect speech- এ 'then' বসবে।

Direct: Ruhi said, "I must complete this project
Indirect: Ruhi said that she had to finish that project.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৮০.
"Will it rain today?", the tourist said. (Make it indirect)
  1. The tourist enquired whether it would rain that day.
  2. The tourist enquired whether it would rain today.
  3. Whether it would rain that day the tourist enquired.
  4. Whether it would rain this day the tourist enquired.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Interrogative Sentence কে Direct থেকে Indirect speech- এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি ask, enquire of, wonder তে পরিবর্তিত হয় ‌।
- Reported speech এর অন্তর্গত Interrogative sentence টি যদি কোন Wh - question word দ্বারা শুরু হয়,তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে অর্থাৎ সেই Wh - - question word টিই Conjunction হিসাবে বসবে।
- তবে, reported speech টি যদি Auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে inverted comma তুলে, linker হিসেবে if/ whether বসবে।

• Direct Narration এ reporting clause (he said, said he) ইত্যাদি, reported speech এর প্রথমে, মাঝখানে অথবা পিছনে থাকতে পারে।
- কিন্তু indirect speech এ  reporting clause সব সময় বাক্যের প্রথমে বসাতে হয়।
- Direct speech এ present Indefinite tense থাকলে Indirect narration এ তা past indefinite tense হয়।
- Reporting verb টি past tense এ হওয়ায়, Reported speech - ও past tense এ হবে।
- reported speech এর will এর পরিবর্তিত হয়ে would হবে, can হবে could.

- সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী -
Direct: "Will it rain today", the tourist said.
Indirect: The tourist enquired whether it would rain that day.
৮১.
Abiha said to me, "Don't do this." (Indirect)
  1. Abiha says me not to do that.
  2. Abiha told me not to did that.
  3. Abiha said me not to do that.
  4. Abiha told me not to do that.
  5. Abiha told me not to done that.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Reported speech এ যদি আদেশ, উপদেশ বা অনুরোধ সূচক বাক্য থাকে, তাহলে indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের সময় sub + requested/ asked/ ordered/said to থাকলে told+ obj + to + verb + ext. এই structure অনুসরণ করা হয়।
• Imperative sentence টি যদি negative হয় তাহলে reporting verb এর পর not বসে এবং তারপর to বসে।

Example:
Direct: The teacher said to the student, "Don't tell a lie."
Indirect: The teacher advised the student not to tell a lie.

Direct: Abiha said to me, "Don't do this."
Indirect: Abiha told me not to do that.

Source: Advanced Learners, XI & XII Classes.
৮২.
He said, "I have visited the new museum."
  1. He said that he visited the new museum.
  2. He said that he had visited the new museum.
  3. He said that he has visited the new museum.
  4. He said that he visits the new museum.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: খ) He said that he had visited the new museum.

- He said, "I have visited the new museum."
- মূল বাক্য present perfect tense এ আছে।
- Reported speech এ tense past perfect এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- “Have visited” থেকে “had visited” হয়েছে।
- বাক্যের অর্থ অপরিবর্তিত।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হলো “He said that he had visited the new museum.”

Other Options:
ক) He said that he visited the new museum.
- "have visited" → "visited" নয়, বরং "had visited" হবে।

গ) He said that he has visited the new museum.
- Reporting verb অতীত হলে, Reported Speech-এর tense পরিবর্তিত হবে।

ঘ) He said that he visits the new museum.
- Present Indefinite হয়ে গেছে, যা অর্থ ও tense উভয়ই ভুল।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮৩.
The host said to the guests, “Thank you.” (Make it Indirect)
  1. The host said to the guests thank you.
  2. The host said thank you the guests.
  3. The host thanked the guests.
  4. The host told the guests thank you.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Speech: The host said to the guests, “Thank you.” 
- Indirect speech: The host thanked the students the guests.

• মূল বাক্য: The host said to the guests, “Thank you.” 
এখানে,
- "Thank" যুক্ত বাক্যের Indirect Speech করার সময় "thanked" ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Said to → Thanked পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Indirect Speech রূপান্তরের গঠন: Subject + thanked + Object.

অর্থাৎ Narration এর নিয়ম অনুসারে, সঠিক উত্তর: The host thanked the students the guests.

More Examples:
• Direct Speech: The employee said to his manager, “Thank you."
- Indirect speech: The employee thanked his manager.
৮৪.
"Why have you beaten my dog"? He said to me. (Make it Indirect)
  1. He demanded me why had I beaten his dog.
  2. He asked me why I have had beaten his dog.
  3. He enquired me why had I had beaten his dog.
  4. He demanded of me why I had beaten his dog.
ব্যাখ্যা

• (38 BCS Preli Question)

• WH-Question যুক্ত Direct speech কে Indirect Speech এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:

- Reporting Verb হিসেবে tense অনুযায়ী ask/ asked, enquire of/ enquired of, want/ wanted to know, demanded ইত্যাদি ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- WH-word টি (যেমন: Why, how, what, where) অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
- Direct speech -এর Past Indefinite tense, Past Perfect tense -এ পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- Person পরিবর্তন করতে হবে (You → I).
- Interrogative sentence টি Indirect speech - এ সবসময় assertive  sentence -এ পরিণত হবে।

• বাক্যটি দ্বারা দৃঢ় ভাবে জিজ্ঞাসা করা বোঝাচ্ছে।

- আর demand of somebody অর্থ কাউকে দৃঢ় ভাবে জিজ্ঞাসা করা।
- আর নিয়ম অনুযায়ী Present Perfect থাকলে Past Perfect হয়।
- বাক্যটিকে Assertive এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হবে এবং এ হিসেবে Auxiliary Verb - Subject এর পরে বসবে।

• Direct Speech: "Why have you beaten my dog"? He said to me.
• Indirect Speech: He demanded of me why I had beaten his dog.

৮৫.
The coach said to the players, 'May you win the championship. (Make it indirect)
  1. The coach wished to the players that may they win the championship.
  2. The coach wished that the players might win the championship.
  3. The coach wished to the players that might be won the championship.
  4. The coach wished that the players may be won the championship.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Optative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে, Optative Sentence এর Direct form কে Indirect form এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- said এর পরিবর্তে wished/prayed বসবে
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসবে
- reported speech এর subject বসে + may/ might বসে
- reported verb এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Direct: The coach said to the players, 'May you win the championship. 
Indirect: The coach wished that the players might win the championship.

More example: 
Direct: The teacher said to the students, "May you pass the examination."
Indirect: The teacher wished that the students might pass the examination.
৮৬.
The mother said to her son, "Eat your food properly." (Make it indirect)
  1. The mother advised her son to eat his food properly
  2. The mother told her son eat his food properly.
  3. The mother requested her son eating his food properly.
  4. The mother said her son to eat his food properly.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative sentence এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- Subject + request/ order/ advice/ beg/ forbid বসে।
- Object বসে।
- to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী person পরিবর্তিত হবে।
- reported verb টি অনুরোধ বুঝালে request, আদেশ বুঝালে order/ command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, অন্যথায় tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হবে।

• Direct speech: The mother said to her son, "Eat your food properly."
• Indirect speech: The mother advised her son to eat his food properly

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৭.
The commander said to the soldiers, "Stand up." [change the narration]
  1. The commander said the soldiers to stand up.
  2. The commander told the soldiers stand up.
  3. The commander command the soldiers to stand up.
  4. The commander commanded the soldiers to stand up.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Imperative Sentence- এর Direct speech কে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি আদেশ বুঝালে order/command, উপদেশ বুঝালে advise, তা না হলে tell দ্বারা পরিবর্তিত হয়;
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে to বসে;
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Structure: Subject + request/ order/ advise/ tell + object (যদি থাকে) + to + reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Direct: The commander said to the soldiers, "Stand up."
Indirect: The commander commanded the soldiers to stand up.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮৮.
What is the correct indirect form of: He said, “You had better finish your work.”
  1. He advised him to finish his work.
  2. He advised that he should finished his work.
  3. He suggested him to finish his work.
  4. He told that he had better finish his work.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Direct speech: He said, “You had better finish your work.”
- এখানে “had better” দ্বারা advice বোঝানো হয়েছে।

• had better এবং subject second person যুক্ত direct speech কে  indirect speech এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম - 
- প্রথমে Subject বসবে,
- advised বসবে,
- object বসবে,
- infinitive বসবে,
- বাকি অংশ বসবে,।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে -  He advised him to finish his work.

• Other Options:
খ) He advised that he should finished his work.
- “should finished” ভুল (should + base verb হবে)।

গ) He suggested him to finish his work.
- suggest এর পরে object + to হয় না; “suggest that…” হয়।

ঘ) He told that he had better finish his work.
- told এর পরে object লাগে (told him), এবং structure ভুল।

৮৯.
The indirect form of speech: Imran said, "It is freezing today."
  1. Imran said that It is freezing that day.
  2. Imran said that it was freezing today.
  3. Imran said that it had been freezing that day.
  4. Imran said that it was freezing that day.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct speech: Imran said, "It is freezing today."
• Indirect speech: Imran said that it was freezing that day.

Assertive sentence -এর Narration - change করার ক্ষেত্রে,
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb - say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- তারপর assertive sentence - এর ক্ষেত্রে Inverted comma উঠে conjuction হিসেবে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়,
- Reported speech - এর person - Reporting verb - এর subject, object - এর number, person, ও gender অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- তবে, Reported speech - এ third person থাকলে তা পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- তারপর Direct narration - এর Reported speech যদি present continous tense -এ থাকে তাহলে Indirect narration - এ past continous tense - এ পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Note: Direct speech -এর কিছু নৈকট্যসূচক শব্দ Indirect speech -এ দুরত্বসূচক শব্দে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- যেমন: 
- this থাকলে that হয়,
- these থাকলে those হয়,
- here থাকলে there হয়,
- today থাকলে that day হয়,
- tonight থাকলে that night হয়।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক Indirect speech হলো - Imran said that it was freezing that day.

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৯০.
The old man said to me, "May ALLAH help you in every step of your life." (make it indirect)
  1. The old man hoped that ALLAH may help me in every step of my life.
  2. The old man prayed that ALLAH help me in every step of my life.
  3. The old man wished that ALLAH might help me in every step of my life.
  4. The old man said that might ALLAH help me in every step of my life.
ব্যাখ্যা
Optative Sentence এর Direct speech থাকে Indirect speech- এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- reporting clause এর subject বসে।
- reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে (wish/wished)/ (pray/prayed) বসে।
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- may / might বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Direct: The old man said to me, “May ALLAH help you in every step of your life.” 
Indirect: The old man wished that ALLAH might help me in every step of my life.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৯১.
She said, "Let us explore the city." (Indirect)
  1. She said that let us explore the city.
  2. She suggested that we should explore the city.
  3. She suggested that we should gone to explore the city.
  4. She said that we can explore the city.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: She said, "Let us explore the city."
• Indirect: She suggested that we should explore the city.

• Let যুক্ত sentence এর Indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Let এরপর us থাকলে indirect করার সময় reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose/ suggest হয়। 
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- they/ we + should বসে।
- Reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Note: Reporting verb এর subject third person হলে that এরপরে we বসে, এবং reporting verb এর subject first person হলে that এরপরে they বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৯২.
The waiter said, "Thank you, Sir". (Make it indirect)
  1. The waiter told that thank you sir.
  2. The waiter thanked his customer.
  3. The waiter addressed the person 'sir' and said thank you.
  4. The waiter respectfully thanked the person spoken to.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Narration: The waiter said, "Thank you, Sir."
• Indirect narration: The waiter respectfully thanked the person spoken to.

• Direct Narration -এ Thanks/Thank you/ welcome/ Congratulations! থাকলে Indirect narration -এ said -এর পরিবর্তে Thanked/ Welcomed/ Congratulated বসে।
- অর্থাৎ, Reporting verb -এর tense অনুযায়ী reported speech -এর verb বসে।
- inverted comma উঠে যায়।
- object বসে।
- এই বাক্যে Sir উল্লেখ আছে বিধায় respectfully বসবে।
- আর কাউকে উদ্দেশ্য করে 'Thank you' বলা হয়েছে তাই object হিসেবে to the person spoken to হবে।

• Structure: Reporting verb -এর subject + respectfully + thanked + object.

• More examples:
- Direct: The shopkeeper said, "Thank you, Ma'am."
- Indirect: The shopkeeper respectfully thanked the lady.

Source:
1. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৯৩.
I said to myself, "What wrongs am I being punished for?"
  1. I asked myself what wrongs I was punished for.
  2. I asked myself what wrongs I had been punished for.
  3. I asked myself what wrongs I am being punished for.
  4. I asked myself what wrongs I was being punished for.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct: I said to myself, "What wrongs am I being punished for?"
• Indirect: I asked myself what wrongs I was being punished for.

• Interrogative Sentence -এর Direct Narration কে Indirect Narration -এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb টি Reported Speech -এর অর্থানুসারে 'ask'/ 'enquire of'/ 'demand of'/ 'want to know' ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়। 
- Reported Speech যদি Auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয়, তবে Reported speech এর পূর্বে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসাতে হয়।
- কিন্তু Reported Speech টি যদি Wh-question word দ্বারা শুরু হয়, তাহলে তা অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসবে।
- Present continuous tense থাকলে তা Past Continuous tense-এ পরিবর্তিত হয়। 
- Sentence টি Interrogative -এর পরিবর্তে Assertive sentence -এ পরিণত হয়। 

• Structure: Subject + ask/enquire of + object (যদি থাকে) + if/whether/Wh-question word + Reported speech -এর subject + verb (Tense অনুযায়ী) +ext. 

• প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নে নিয়মানুযায়ী "I said to myself" → "I asked myself" (Reporting verb পরিবর্তন হয়েছে)
- am being → was being (Past Continuous tense-এ পরিবর্তন হয়েছে, কারণ reporting verb "said" past tense-এ রয়েছে)

• সুতরাং, সঠিক Indirect Narration হবে- I asked myself what wrongs I was being punished for.

Source:
1. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৯৪.
Ygritte said, ''You know nothing, Jon Snow.' (Change the Narration.)
  1. Ygritte said that you knew nothing.
  2. Ygritte said that Jon Snow knew nothing.
  3. Ygritte asked if Jon Snow knew something.
  4. Ygritte said Jon Snow knew nothing.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Direct Speech: Ygritte said, “You know nothing, Jon Snow.”
- Indirect Speech: Ygritte said that Jon Snow knew nothing.

- “You” বোঝাচ্ছে Jon Snow : তাই Indirect Speech-এ "Jon Snow" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।
- Present tense "know" : Past tense "knew" হয়েছে কারণ reporting verb "said" past tense.
- বাক্যটি assertive হওয়ায় “that” দিয়ে সংযোগ হয়েছে।

• Other Options:
ক) Ygritte said that you knew nothing.
- ভুল, কারণ "you" এখানে Jon Snow বোঝায়: indirect-এ তা পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

গ) Ygritte asked if Jon Snow knew something.
- ভুল, এটি interrogative বা প্রশ্ন ছিল না, এটি assertive statement.

ঘ) Ygritte said Jon Snow knew nothing.
- কিছুটা গ্রহণযোগ্য হলেও "that" বাদ দেওয়া ভুল হিসেবে ধরা হয় পরীক্ষায়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.
৯৫.
I said to him, "Let us drop the case." (make it indirect)
  1. I requested to him that we should drop the case.
  2. I proposed to him that we should drop the case.
  3. I proposed to him that we have drop the case.
  4. I said to him that we should drop the case.
ব্যাখ্যা

Let যুক্ত sentence এর indirect করার নিয়ম:
- Let এরপর us থাকলে indirect করার সময় reporting verb টি পরিবর্তিত হয়ে propose/ suggest হয়। 
- Inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- they/ we + should বসে।
- Reported Speech এর মুল verb থাকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।
- Reporting verb এরপর Subject third person হলে that এরপরে they বসে, এবং Reporting verb এর subject first person হলে that এরপরে we বসে।

Direct speech: I said to him, "Let us drop the case."
Indirect speech: I proposed to him that we should drop the case.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৬.
'I will help Hima', he said, 'if I can'. (Make it indirect)
  1. I would help Hima, if I could, he said.
  2. He said that he would help Hima if he could.
  3. He said if he could he would help Hima.
  4. He would help Hima, he said, if he could.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct Narration এ reporting clause (he said, said he) ইত্যাদি, reported speech এর প্রথমে, মাঝখানে অথবা পিছনে থাকতে পারে।
- কিন্তু indirect speech এ  reporting clause সব সময় বাক্যের প্রথমে বসাতে হয়।
- Reporting verb টি past tense এ হওয়ায়, Reported speech - ও past tense এ হবে।
- reported speech এর will এর পরিবর্তিত হয়ে would হবে, can হবে could.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - He said that he would help Hima if he could.
৯৭.
The dervish said to me," May you shine in life." (Change into indirect speech) 
  1. The dervish told that I might shine in life.
  2. The dervish told that I may shine in life.
  3. The dervish prayed that I may shine in life.
  4. The dervish prayed that I might shine in life.
ব্যাখ্যা

Direct speech: The dervish said to me," May you shine in life."
Indirect speech: The dervish prayed that I might shine in life.
- Direct speech-এ যখন কোনো প্রার্থনা (prayer) বা ইচ্ছা (wish) প্রকাশ করা হয়, তখন reporting verb "said to" এর পরিবর্তে "prayed" বা "wished" হয়। এখানে দরবেশ প্রার্থনা করেছেন, তাই "prayed" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।

• Optative Sentence এর Direct speech থাকে Indirect speech- এ রূপান্তর এর নিয়ম:
- reporting verb এর পরিবর্তে (wish/wished)/ (pray/prayed) বসে।
- inverted comma উঠে গিয়ে that বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- may/ might বসে।
- reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৮.
Convert the following direct speech into indirect speech: Kamal said, “She reached at eight O’clock.”
  1. Kamal said that she reached at eight O’clock.
  2. Kamal said that she had reached at eight O’clock.
  3. Kamal said, she had reached at eight O’clock.
  4. Kamal said that she had been reach at eight O’clock.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration - change করার ক্ষেত্রে,

- Direct narration থেকে  Indirect narration - এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম হলো - 
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং তারপর Reporting verb - say/said, tell/told (যদি থাকে) বসে।
- তারপর assertive sentence - এর ক্ষেত্রে Inverted comma উঠে conjuction হিসেবে that বসে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর person পরিবর্তন করতে হয়,
- Reported speech - এর person - Reporting verb - এর subject, object - এর number, person, ও gender অনুযায়ী পরিবর্তন হয়।
- তবে, Reported speech - এ third person থাকলে তা পরিবর্তন হয় না।
-তারপর Direct narration - এ Reported speech যদি simple past - এ থাকে তাহলে  Indirect narration - এ past perfect tense - এ পরিবর্তিত হয় এবং তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে।

সুতরাং, নিয়ম অনুসারে, বাক্যটি হবে - 
Direct narration:  Kamal said, “She reached at eight O’clock.
Indirect narration: Kamal said that she had reached at eight O’clock.

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৯৯.
Change the speech: The old man said to me, "Will you help me?"
  1. The old man told me whether I will help him.
  2.  The old man asked me will I help him.
  3.  The old man demanded my help.
  4. The old man asked me if I would help him.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Direct speech: The old man said to me, "Will you help me?"
- Indirect speech: The old man asked me if I would help him.

• Interrogative sentence -এর speech পরিবর্তন করার ক্ষেত্রে:

- প্রথমে Reporting verb -এর subject বসে এবং Reporting verb “said” -এর পরিবর্তে asked বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech -এর subject বসবে।
- Direct speech -এ 'will' থাকলে Indirect speech -এ তা 'would' হয়ে যায়।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসে।

• Structure: Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) +  if/whether + Reported speech - এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

- তাই সঠিক Indirect speech টি হবে- The old man asked me if I would help him.

১০০.
The authority said to the employee, "Did you make the mistake?"
  1. The authority asked the employee whether he or she had make the mistake.
  2. The authority asked the employee if he or she made the mistake.
  3. The authority told the employee if he or she had made the mistake.
  4. The authority asked the employee if he or she had made the mistake.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Direct narration: The authority said to the employee, "Did you make the mistake?"
• Indirect narration: The authority asked the employee if he or she had made the mistake.

• Narration -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,  Interrogative sentence - এর narration পরিবর্তন করার ক্ষেত্রে -
- প্রথমে Reporting verb - এর subject বসে এবং
- Reporting verb “said” - এর পরিবর্তে প্রশ্ন করা অর্থে asked বসে।
- Reported speech টি যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তাহলে Inverted comma তুলে দিয়ে linker হিসেবে if/whether বসবে।
- তারপর Reported speech - এর subject বসবে।
- Reported speech - এর 'subject' 2nd person (You) সবসময় Reporting verb - এর object - এর number, person, ও gender অনুসারে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- তারপর Direct narration - এ Reported speech -এর verb যদি past indefinite tense থাকে তাহলে Indirect narration - এ তা past perfect tense হবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।

• Structure: Sub + ask/asked + object (যদি থাকে) + linker word (if/whether) + Reported speech - এর subject + verb + বাকি অংশ।

• Note: Interrogative sentence টি Indirect narration - এ সবসময় assertive sentence - এ পরিণত হবে।

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.