বিষয়সমূহ

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Complex Sentence

মোট প্রশ্ন৪৮৪এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Complex Sentence

PrepBank · পাতা / · ১০১২০০ / ৪৮৪

১০১.
In case of his not completing the task on time, he will be penalized. (complex sentence)
  1. If he does not complete the task on time, he will be penalized.
  2. Unless he does not complete the task on time, he will be penalized.
  3. Unless he complete the task on time, he will penalized.
  4. If he does not complete the task on time, he will penalized.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If he does not complete the task on time, he will be penalized.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If he does not complete the task on time, he will be penalized.
ব্যাখ্যা
• By/ In case of যুক্ত simple sentence টি যদি Modal auxiliary যোগে গঠিত হয়, তবে তা complex sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
-  in case of এর পরিবর্তে  if বসে
- Subject বসে + Verb বসে
- Adjective /Noun বসে
- Comma বসে
- অপর বাক্যটি বসে।
- আর মূল Clause টি Future/ Present হলে If যুক্ত Clause টি Present Tense হয়।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর -
Simple: In case of his not completing the task on time, he will be penalized.
Complex: If he does not complete the task on time, he will be penalized.

Example:
Simple: In case of his not submitting the report on time, he will be reprimanded.
Complex: If he does not submit the report on time, he will be reprimanded.

• Unless নিজেই negative অর্থ প্রদান করে বিধায় এর সাথে আর কোনো negative শব্দ বসাতে হয় না।
১০২.
The stolen watch was found. (make it complex)
  1. The watch that is stolen was found.
  2. The watch was that stolen was found.
  3. The watch that was stolen was found.
  4. The watch that was stolen was being found.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The watch that was stolen was found.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The watch that was stolen was found.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Subject এরপরের verb টি past particle form এ থাকলে Simple sentence কে Complex sentence করার নিয়ম:
- Subject বসে।
- Relative pronoun (who,which,that) বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- প্রদত্ত past participle থেকে sentence -এর বাকি অংশ।

Simple
: The stolen watch was found. 
Complex
: The watch that was stolen was found.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
১০৩.
Find out the complex sentence.
  1. That she will reciprocate my passion for her is certain.
  2. He did his work and I, mine.
  3. In case of your failure to move, you will die.
  4. Because of his playing well, he won the game
সঠিক উত্তর:
That she will reciprocate my passion for her is certain.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
That she will reciprocate my passion for her is certain.
ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর হলো: ক) That she will reciprocate my passion for her is certain.

এটি একটি complex sentence, কারণ এতে -
- Main clause: is certain.
- Subordinate (noun) clause: 'That she will reciprocate my passion for her',
- এখানে “that” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া noun clause-টি পুরো বাক্যের subject হিসেবে কাজ করছে।

• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

Other options,

খ) He did his work and I, mine.
- Compound Sentence. 
- দুটো independent clause: "He did his work" এবং "I [did], mine"
- "and" দিয়ে যুক্ত (coordinating conjunction) → দুটো clause সমান গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। এটা compound.

গ) In case of your failure to move, you will die.
- এখানে "In case of your failure to move" = prepositional phrase (একটি clause নয়, শুধু phrase)।
- পুরো বাক্যে শুধু একটি independent clause ("you will die") আছে।
- এটি simple sentence (শুধু একটি independent clause + phrase)।

ঘ) Because of his playing well, he won the game.
- "Because of his playing well" = prepositional phrase (gerund phrase), clause নয়।
- শুধু একটি independent clause ("he won the game").
- এটিও simple sentence

১০৪.
The tea is too hot for me to drink. (Make it Complex)
  1. The tea is very hot for me to drink.
  2. The tea is so hot for me to drink it.
  3. The tea is so hot that I cannot drink it.
  4. The tea is very hot for me so that i cannot drink it.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The tea is so hot that I cannot drink it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The tea is so hot that I cannot drink it.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple sentence এ too + adjective + to + verb থাকলে Complex এ too এর স্থলে So এবং to এর স্থলে that বসে।
- Structure: so + adjective + that + subject + cannot/could not + verb.
- too..........to = এতই যে না।
- So........... that = এতই যে 

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
Simple: The tea is too hot for me to drink.
complex: The tea is so hot that I cannot drink it.
১০৫.
"A stone that rolls gathers no moss." - This sentence is an example of -
  1. Simple Sentence 
  2. Compound Sentence 
  3. Complex Sentence
  4. Exclamatory sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex Sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex Sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী - " A stone that rolls gathers no moss." হচ্ছে complex sentence.
১০৬.
'I met a man with whom I used to work.' This is an example of -
  1. ক) compound sentence
  2. খ) complex sentence
  3. গ) simple sentence
  4. ঘ) optative sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) complex sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) complex sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence এ একটি principle clause ও এক বা একাধিক sub-ordinate clause থাকবে।
- Complex Sentence এ Conjunction হিসাবে like, who, whom, which, that, when, how, where, while, if, though, although, until, till, whether, before, after, so that ইত্যাদি বসে।
১০৭.
Transform the given sentence into complex:
The weather was gloomy, but the atmosphere was cheerful.
  1. Since the weather was gloomy, the atmosphere was cheerful.
  2. Though the weather was gloomy, the atmosphere was cheerful.
  3. If the weather was gloomy, the atmosphere was cheerful.
  4. As the weather was gloomy, the atmosphere was cheerful.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Though the weather was gloomy, the atmosphere was cheerful.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Though the weather was gloomy, the atmosphere was cheerful.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Compound Sentence: The weather was gloomy, but the atmosphere was cheerful. 
• Complex Sentence: Though the weather was gloomy, the atmosphere was cheerful.

• but যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে Complex Sentence করার এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- প্রথমে Though/Although ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তারপর ১ম clause টি বসে।
- but উঠে গিয়ে ২য় clause টি বসে।

• More Examples:
- Compound Sentence: The journey was challenging, but the destination was rewarding.
- Complex Sentence: Though the journey was challenging, the destination was rewarding.

• Complex Sentence: 
→ যে sentence- এ একটি Principal Clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
→ Complex Sentence এর Subordinate Clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
→ but দ্বারা দুইটি clause -এর contraction বোঝায়, তাই though, although (contraction) ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
→ Since/as/if দ্বারা contraction বোঝায় না।
১০৮.
After the performance finished, the audience applauded loudly. (Make it complex)
  1. As the performance finished, the audience applauded loudly.
  2. Since the performance had finished, the audience applauded loudly.
  3. When the performance had finished, the audience had applauded loudly.
  4. After the performance had finished, the audience applauded loudly.
সঠিক উত্তর:
After the performance had finished, the audience applauded loudly.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
After the performance had finished, the audience applauded loudly.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Before/after/ ইত্যাদি যুক্ত simple sentence কে complex এ পরিণত করতে দুইটি নিয়ম অনুসরণ করা যায়।

• Complex sentence এ -
- After যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense এ হয়, তবে পরের cluse টি past indefinite এ হবে। অর্থাৎ, 
- প্রথমে After বসবে।
- এরপর subject + verb এর past perfect form বসে
- তারপর দ্বিতীয় subject + verb এর past form বসে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক complex sentence টি হচ্ছে - After the performance had finished, the audience applauded loudly.

• আবার, 
- After এর পরিবর্তে when বসে, 
- verb এর past indefinite form বসে
- দ্বিতীয় subject + বাকি অংশ।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক complex sentence টি হচ্ছে - When the performance finished, the audience applauded loudly.
১০৯.
Asma wants to learn driving. (Transform it to complex sentence.)
  1. Asma wants so that she will learn driving.
  2. Asma wants that she will be learn driving.
  3. Asma wants, she will learn driving.
  4. Asma wants that she will learn driving.
  5. Asma wants so therefore she will learn driving.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Asma wants that she will learn driving.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Asma wants that she will learn driving.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Asma wants to learn driving.

- Simple sentence এ - To + Verb - Object বা Object সদৃশ হলে, Complex Sentence এ তা - that + Clause বসে।
- মূল Clause এর Verb (wants) present Tense হওয়ায়, এ Clause টাও present Tense এ হবে।
- তবে to + verb সাধারণত Future Indicate করে, তাই এখানে Future (will) হবে। 
- তবে মনে রাখতে হবে, to + verb  যদি উদ্দেশ্য বুঝানোর জন্য আসে, তখন সাধারণত so that বা in order that যুক্ত Clause বসে।

• Simple Sentence: Asma wants to learn driving.
• Complex Sentence: Asma wants that she will learn driving.

Other Options:
ক) Asma wants so that she will learn driving.
- “so that” সাধারণত উদ্দেশ্য প্রকাশ করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এখানে মূল বাক্যটি উদ্দেশ্য নয়, চাওয়া বোঝাচ্ছে।

খ) Asma wants that she will be learn driving.
- “will be learn” ভুল। সঠিক হল “will learn”.

গ) Asma wants, she will learn driving.
- এখানে কেবল দুইটি independent clause কমা দিয়ে জড়ানো হয়েছে, এটা compound sentence.

ঙ) Asma wants so therefore she will learn driving. 
- “so therefore” ব্যবহার এখানে ঠিক নয়, এটি যুক্তি বা ফলাফল বোঝায়, চাওয়া নয়।

১১০.
Without being curious, you cannot learn more. (Make it Complex)
  1. ক) If you become curious, you cannot learn more.
  2. খ) Unless you do not become curious, you cannot learn more.
  3. গ) If you don’t become curious, you cannot learn more.
  4. ঘ) Though you become curious, you cannot learn more.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) If you don’t become curious, you cannot learn more.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) If you don’t become curious, you cannot learn more.
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple এ without থাকলে Complex এ Unless (যদি না) অথবা If not বসে; কখনো Unless not বসে না। এ হিসেবে সঠিক উত্তর (গ)।
১১১.
Transform the simple sentence into a complex one:
She was happy because of her success.
  1. She was happy due to her success.
  2. She was happy, and it was because of her success.
  3. She was happy because she had succeeded.
  4. Her success made her happy.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She was happy because she had succeeded.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She was happy because she had succeeded.
ব্যাখ্যা
• She was happy because she had succeeded. (Complex – subordinating clause added)

সঠিক উত্তর, because একটি Subordinate Clause, যুক্ত হওয়ায় Sentence টি Complex sentence.

Rule 3:
- কিছু কিছু phrase কে clause এ রূপান্তর করে complex sentence তৈরি করার জন্যে কিছু নির্দিষ্ট নিয়ম রয়েছে। সেগুলো হল –
- Because of = clause + because/as/since + clause.

Key Rules: Simple → Complex: Add a subordinating clause (e.g., because, although, since).
• Simple: She was happy because of her success.
• Complex: She was happy because she had succeeded.
(because – subordinating clause added)

Source: A passage to the English language S.M. Zakir Hussain.
১১২.
Transform into Complex: He was poor, yet he retained his integrity.
  1. Though he was poor, he retained his integrity.
  2. Though he retained his integrity, he was poor.
  3. Though he was poor, he could retain his integrity.
  4. Though he was poor, but he retained his integrity.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Though he was poor, he retained his integrity.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Though he was poor, he retained his integrity.
ব্যাখ্যা
but/ yet এর পরিবর্তে Complex Sentence এ though/ although বসে।
১১৩.
We should read newspapers to get updates. (Make it complex)
  1. ক) We should read newspapers for getting updates.
  2. খ) We should read newspapers and get updates.
  3. গ) We want to get updates and so we should read newspapers.
  4. ঘ) We should read newspapers so that we can get updates.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) We should read newspapers so that we can get updates.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) We should read newspapers so that we can get updates.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex sentences এ সাধারণত: একটি principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক subordinate clauses থাকে। 

প্রদত্ত অপশন গুলো মধ্যে, 
We should read newspapers so that we can get updates. এই বাক্যে,
- We should read newspapers এখানে এই অংশটুকু main clause. 
- so that we can get updates এই অংশটুকু subordinate clause. 

এছাড়া অন্য  কোন বাক্যে এরকম কম্বিনেশন  নেই। 

অতএব সঠিক উত্তর  হবে, এই বাক্যটি: We should read newspapers so that we can get updates. 
১১৪.
She studied hard, and she passed the exam. (Make it complex)
  1. She passed the exam, because of she studied hard.
  2. As she studied hard, she did passed the exam.
  3. Since she studied hard, she passed the exam.
  4. Since she studied hard though she passed the exam.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since she studied hard, she passed the exam.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since she studied hard, she passed the exam.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Compound: She studied hard, and she passed the exam.
- Complex: Since she studied hard, she passed the exam.

• And যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Complex করার নিয়ম:
- Sentence -এর প্রথমে since/as বসে (কারণ স্পষ্ট হলে),
- প্রথম Sentence বসে,
- And -এর পরিবর্তে comma(,) বসে,
- দ্বিতীয় sentence বসে। 

• Structure: Since/As + প্রথম Sentence + and -এর পরিবর্তে comma(,) + দ্বিতীয় sentence.

• More examples:
- Compound: I was ill and could not attend the class.
- Complex: Since I was ill, I could not attend the class.

১১৫.
Taking the vaccine, he felt safe. The complex form of the sentence is-
  1. Since he took the vaccine, he felt safe.
  2. After taking the vaccine, he felt safe.
  3. When he took the vaccine, he felt safe.
  4. After taking the vaccine, he had felt safe.
সঠিক উত্তর:
When he took the vaccine, he felt safe.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
When he took the vaccine, he felt safe.
ব্যাখ্যা

ব্যাখ্যা:
Simple Sentence-এর প্রথমে যদি v+ing থাকে তাহলে তাকে complex করতে হলে ঐ অংশকে নিম্নরূপে সাজাতে হয়- when + subject + V,
এক্ষেত্রে subjectটি simple sentence এর পরবর্তী অংশ থেকে নিতে হবে এবং verb এর tense হবে simple sentence-এর নিম্নরূপ।

১১৬.
In spite of reluctance, he cannot but go with them. (Make it complex)
  1. Though he was reluctant, he cannot but go with them.
  2. Although he was reluctance, he cannot but go with them.
  3. Though he is reluctant, he cannot but go with them.
  4. Although his reluctance, he cannot but go with them.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Though he is reluctant, he cannot but go with them.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Though he is reluctant, he cannot but go with them.
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple Sentence এ In spite of/ Despite থাকলে, Complex Sentence এ তা বাদ পড়ে এবং though/although যোগ হয়।
যেহেতু পরের Clause – Present Form এ আছে, তাই though যুক্ত Clause ও Present Tense এ হবে।
কেবল (গ) তে Present Tense আছে, তাই এটাই সঠিক উত্তর।
১১৭.
Despite being ailing, she went to college. (Make it complex)
  1. Though she was ailing, she went to college.
  2. If she was ailing, she went to college.
  3. Though she was ailing still she went to college.
  4. Though she is ailing, she went to college.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Though she was ailing, she went to college.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Though she was ailing, she went to college.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple to complex:
• Simple sentence এ যদি In spite of/ despite থাকে তাহলে complex sentence এ though/although বসে।

- Though/Although,
- subject,
- person ও number অনুসারে verb,
- 2nd clause (অপরিবর্তিত থাকে)।

Simple: Despite being ailing, she went to college.
Complex: Though she was ailing, she went to college.

• ailing অর্থ -  দুর্বল, অসুস্থ।
১১৮.
Since she completed the project on time, she received a bonus. (Make it Simple)
  1. ক) Because of her completing the project on time, she received a bonus.
  2. খ) Having completing the project on time, she received a bonus.
  3. গ) Being completing the project on time, she received a bonus.
  4. ঘ) By completing the project on time, she received a bonus
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) By completing the project on time, she received a bonus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) By completing the project on time, she received a bonus
ব্যাখ্যা
• Since/as/when যুক্ত Complex Sentence এর দুটি Clause এর Subject এক হলে এবং দুটি Clause এ মূল verb থাকলে প্রদত্ত নিয়মটির সাহায্য Simple করতে হবে।
- প্রথমে প্রথম Sentence এর মূল Verb এর Present form এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয়/ অথবা 'Because of + verb + ing'/ 'By + verb + ing' বসে
-  প্রথম Clause এর ক্রিয়ার পরের অংশ বসে + Comma (,) বসে
- দ্বিতীয় Clause এর Subject এর জায়গায় প্রথম Sentence এর Subject বসে + দ্বিতীয় Sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে।

Complex: Since the old man killed the bird, he brought bad luck to the crew.
Simple: Killing the bird, the old man brought bad luck to the crew.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী -
Complex: Since she completed the project on time, she received a bonus.
Simple: By completing the project on time, she received a bonus
১১৯.
As soon as the baby smelled the food, she started giggling with excitement. (Make it simple)
  1. ক) After smelling the food, the baby started giggling with excitement.
  2. খ) As soon as smelling the food, the baby started giggling with excitement.
  3. গ) On smelling the food, the baby started giggling with excitement.
  4. ঘ) While smelling the food, the baby started giggling with excitement.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) On smelling the food, the baby started giggling with excitement.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) On smelling the food, the baby started giggling with excitement.
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত As soon as the baby smelled the food, she started giggling with excitement - এই বাক্যটি complex sentence এ আছে।
- Complex Sentence এ ‍as soon as থাকলে Simple Sentence এ as soon as এর পরিবর্তে on (সাথে সাথেই) বসে।
- এরপর as soon as যুক্ত clause এর বাকি অংশ বসে।
- প্রথম subject টি দ্বিতীয় clause এর subject হিসাবে বসে, এবং দ্বিতীয় clause এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - On smelling the food, the baby started giggling with excitement.
১২০.
Change the sentence into Complex sentence: An industrious boy can shine in life.
  1. ক) The boy he is industrious can shine in life.
  2. খ) A boy whom is industrious can shine in life.
  3. গ) A boy who is industrious can shine in life.
  4. ঘ) A boy which is industrious can shine in life.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) A boy who is industrious can shine in life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) A boy who is industrious can shine in life.
ব্যাখ্যা
An industrious boy can shine in life- এই sentence টি একটি Simple Sentence. 
Adjective + noun যুক্ত Simple sentence কে Complex sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 
- প্রথমে article বসে+ adjective এর পরের noun টি বসে + person অনুযায়ী relative pronoun who/which/that বসে + tense অনুযায়ী verb বসে + adjective টি বসে + noun এর পর থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে। 

তাই সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে: A boy who is industrious can shine in life. 

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
১২১.
"When I was watching TV, she came." What kind of sentence is this?
  1. ক) Simple
  2. খ) Complex
  3. গ) Compound
  4. ঘ) None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Complex
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Complex
ব্যাখ্যা
- This is a complex sentence. 
- সাধারণত complex sentence এ একটা অসম্পূর্ণ বাক্য এবং একটি সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য থাকে থাকে।
এই বাক্যে When I was watching TV অংশটুকু অসম্পূর্ণ বাক্য এবং she came সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য।
- অর্থাৎ একটি sub ordinate clause এবং একটি Main Clause থাকায় এটি একটি complex sentence. 

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hossain
১২২.
Taseen acted on my advice. ( Make it complex) 
  1. Taseen acted according to my advice.
  2. Taseen advised him that he acted. 
  3. Taseen acted as I advised him.
  4. Taseen advised him and he acted.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Taseen acted as I advised him.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Taseen acted as I advised him.
ব্যাখ্যা
Taseen acted on my advice.
- এটি একটি  simple sentence. 

একে complex sentence করার জন্য দুটি clause এ ভাগ করলে দাঁড়ায় - principal clause: Taseen acted এবং subordinate clause: as I advised him.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain
১২৩.
He speaks like a leader. [complex]
  1. He speaks if he were a leader.
  2. He speaks as if he were leader.
  3. He speaks as if he were a leader.
  4. He speaks lest he were a leader.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He speaks as if he were a leader.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He speaks as if he were a leader.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple এ like + phrase doing something থাকলে একে Complex করতে হলে as if/ as though + clause ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
He speaks like a leader.
- এটি একটি Simple sentence। এখানে একটা মূল verb ("speaks") এবং একটা phrase ("like a leader") আছে।

"As if + subject + were" — এই গঠন তখন ব্যবহার হয়, যখন আমরা এমন কিছু বলি যা বাস্তবে সত্য নয়, কিন্তু কল্পনায় সত্য ধরে নিচ্ছি।

Simple: He speaks like a leader.
Complex: He speaks as if he were a leader.
১২৪.
They were so close to each other that they preferred death to separation. This sentence is an example of -
  1. ক) Simple sentence
  2. খ) Compound sentence
  3. গ) Complex sentence
  4. ঘ) Optative Sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Complex sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Complex sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি - Complex sentence.

• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
১২৫.
A kind man helps others. (make it complex)
  1. A man who is kind helps others.
  2. A man being kind helps others.
  3. A man is kind and helps others.
  4. A man who is so kind that he helps others.
সঠিক উত্তর:
A man who is kind helps others.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
A man who is kind helps others.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Adjective + noun যুক্ত simple sentence কে complex করার নিয়ম: 
- প্রথমে article বসে,
- তারপর adjective এর পরের noun টি বসে,
- তারপর relative pronoun who/ which/ that বসে,
- tense অনুযায়ী সাহায্যকারী verb বসে,
- adjective টি বসে,
- প্রদত্ত noun এর পরের শেষ পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Simple sentence: A kind man helps others.
• Complex sentence: A man who is kind helps others.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১২৬.
Unemployment is a state for a man having no work to earn money. (Complex)
  1. ক) Unemployment is a stale when a man has no work to earn money
  2. খ) Unemployment is a state for a man who has no work to earn money
  3. গ) Unemployment is a state of a man who has no work.
  4. ঘ) Unemployment is the condition of a man who has no work
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Unemployment is a state for a man who has no work to earn money
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Unemployment is a state for a man who has no work to earn money
ব্যাখ্যা
Unemployment is a state for a man having no work to earn money- এটি একটি Simple sentence. 
- এই sentence এ having এর পরের clause টি পূর্বের clause এর subject সম্পর্কে অতিরিক্ত তথ্য দেয়। 
- এ ধরণের simple sentence কে complex sentence করার সময় তা পূর্ববতী noun /pronoun অনুযায়ী relative pronoun + verb হয়ে যায়।
- তাই এক্ষেত্রে সঠিক উত্তরটি হচ্ছে: Unemployment is a state for a man who has no work to earn money. 
১২৭.
The dog that sleeps on the cozy couch has grown old. (Make it Simple)
  1. The dog has grown old sleeps on the cozy couch.
  2. The dog sleeping on the cozy couch has grown old.
  3. The dog was being sleeping on the cozy couch has grown old.
  4. The old dog is sleeping on the cozy couch.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The dog sleeping on the cozy couch has grown old.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The dog sleeping on the cozy couch has grown old.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Complex to simple:

• Subject + relative pronoun + principal verb যুক্ত Complex sentence কে Simple করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে প্রদত্ত sentence টির Subject বসেছে।
- relative pronoun (who/ which/ that) উঠে যায়। 
- মূল verb এর present tense এর সাথে ing যুক্ত হয়ছে।
- এরপর বাকী অংশ।

Complex: The dog that sleeps on the cozy couch has grown old.
Simple: The dog sleeping on the cozy couch has grown old.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammer & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
১২৮.
Despite being a rich man, he leads a very simple life. (Make it complex)
  1. ক) Although he is a rich man, he leads a very simple life.
  2. খ) As though he is a rich man, he leads a very simple life.
  3. গ) Though being a rich man, he leads a very simple life.
  4. ঘ) Though he is a rich man that he leads a very simple life.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Although he is a rich man, he leads a very simple life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Although he is a rich man, he leads a very simple life.
ব্যাখ্যা
• In spite of/ Despite / notwithstanding = সত্ত্বেও.
- Simple sentence এ in spite of/ Despite / notwithstanding থাকলে complex করতে হলে, 
- প্রথমে এদের পরিবর্তে though/ although বসে
- এর পর Subject+ Tense অনুযায়ী Verb বসে।
- পরবর্তী অংশ বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, Although he is a rich man, he leads a very simple life - সঠিক বাক্য।
১২৯.
An industrious boy will shine in life. (Make it Complex)
  1. ক) A boy will shine in life as he is industrious.
  2. খ) The boy who is industrious will shine in life.
  3. গ) A boy is industrious as he will shine in life.
  4. ঘ) The boy will shine in life if he becomes industrious.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) The boy who is industrious will shine in life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) The boy who is industrious will shine in life.
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple এ Adjective + Noun থাকলে Complex এ Noun + who/ which/ that + be + Adjective বসে।
সে অনুসারে সঠিক Complex sentence হবে - The boy who is industrious will shine in life.
১৩০.
‘Wait here until I come back’. This is a –
  1. a) Simple sentence
  2. b) Complex sentence
  3. c) Compound sentence
  4. d) Imperative sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
b) Complex sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
b) Complex sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex sentence গঠিত হয় Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Sub-ordinate clause এর সমন্বয়ে। আলোচ্য বাক্যে‘ ‘until I come back’ Subordinate clause এবং ‘Wait here’ Principal clause হিসেবে কাজ করছে।
অতএব, এটি একটি Complex sentence।
১৩১.
Jamil wants to travel the world. (Make it complex)
  1. Jamil wanted that he will travel the world.
  2. As Jamil wants, he would travel the world.
  3. Jamil wants that he would travel the world.
  4. Jamil wants that he will travel the world.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Jamil wants that he will travel the world.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Jamil wants that he will travel the world.
ব্যাখ্যা
• To + Verb - Object বা Object সদৃশ হলে Complex Sentence এ that + Clause বসে।
এখানে To + Verb টি guitar- Noun এর অনন্তর্নিহিত Verb এর Object সদৃশ হয়েছে।

- মূল Clause এর Verb (wants) present Tense হওয়ায়, এ Clause টাও present Tense এ হবে।
- তবে to + verb সাধারণত Future Indicate করে, তাই এখানে Future (will) হবে। 
- তবে মনে রাখতে হবে, to + verb  যদি উদ্দেশ্য বুঝানোর জন্য আসে, তখন সাধারণত so that বা in order that যুক্ত Clause বসে।

Simple: Jamil wants to travel the world.
Complex: Jamil wants that he will travel the world.
১৩২.
Change it into simple:
It is sure that Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.
  1. It is surely of being Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.
  2. In spite of being Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.
  3. Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels for being sure.
  4. Surely, Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Surely, Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Surely, Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence: It is sure that Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.
Simple Sentence: Surely, Pakistan's economic crisis will escalate, and the inflation rate will soar to unprecedented levels.

Complex to simple: 
→ Complex sentence এ 'it is sure' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is sure' এর পরিবর্তে surely হবে।
→ It is sure এর পরের relative pronoun টি বাদ যাবে, এরপরে বাকি sentence টি বসবে।

অন্য দিকে, 
→ Complex sentence এ 'it is certain' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is certain' এর পরিবর্তে certainly হবে।
→ Complex sentence এ 'it is suddden' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is sudden' এর পরিবর্তে suddenly হবে।
→ Complex sentence এ 'it is clear' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is clear' এর পরিবর্তে clearly হবে।
→ Complex sentence এ 'it is definite' থাকলে Simple sentence এ 'it is definite' এর পরিবর্তে definitely হবে।

Example:
Complex Sentence: It is clear that the project is progressing well.
Simple Sentence: Clearly, the project is progressing well.

Complex Sentence: It was sudden that he lost his mobile.
Simple Sentence: Suddenly, he lost his mobile.

Complex Sentence: It is definite that the event will take place.
Simple Sentence: Definitely, the event will take place.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.
১৩৩.
Change into a complex sentence:
He worked hard to pass the exam.
  1. He worked hard and passed the exam.
  2. He worked hard because he wanted to pass the exam.
  3. Working hard, he passed the exam.
  4. He worked hard; therefore, he passed the exam.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He worked hard because he wanted to pass the exam.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He worked hard because he wanted to pass the exam.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct Answer: খ) He worked hard because he wanted to pass the exam.

- মূল বাক্যটি একটি উদ্দেশ্যসূচক বাক্য (He worked hard to pass the exam).
- এটি একটি Complex Sentence এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে কারণ বা উদ্দেশ্য নির্দেশ করতে হবে।
- অপশন খ-তে কারণবাচক যোগসূত্র “because” ব্যবহার করে বাক্যটিকে complex আকারে রূপান্তর করা হয়েছে।
- He worked hard because he wanted to pass the exam.

Other options:
ক) He worked hard and passed the exam. — এটি দুটি সমান গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বাক্যাংশ যুক্ত করে, তাই যৌগিক বাক্য।

গ) Working hard, he passed the exam. — অংশবাক্য না হলেও অংশবিশেষ (participle phrase) ব্যবহার করে একটি সরল বাক্য।

ঘ) He worked hard; therefore, he passed the exam. — দুটি স্বাধীন বাক্য যুক্ত করেছে, তাই যৌগিক বাক্য।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
১৩৪.
"If this room was tidy, I could find things." The meaning of this sentence implies:
  1. ক) The room was tidy enough.
  2. খ) The room was very neat and clean.
  3. গ) The room was not lighted.
  4. ঘ) The room isn't tidy.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) The room isn't tidy.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) The room isn't tidy.
ব্যাখ্যা
- A sentence with if has an if clause (i.e. subordinate clause) and a main clause. 
if যুক্ত বাক্য ব্যবহারের কিছু উদাহরণ:

if+ present tense+ will= If you post the letter today, it'll get there by Thursday. 
if + past tense + would= If I had a million pounds, I would probably buy a Plane. 
if + past perfect + would have= If we had taken your advice, we would have saved a lot of time. 

- প্রদত্ত বাক্যের বাংলা অর্থ হচ্ছে, যদি ঘরটা পরিষ্কার থাকতো তাহলে আমি আমার জিনিসগুলো খুঁজে পেতাম।
- সুতরাং এই বাক্যের সঠিক উত্তর হবে:  The room isn't tidy. 

Source: Oxford Practice Grammar
১৩৫.
Identify the complex sentence from the options below.
  1. She loves to read, and he enjoys watching movies.
  2. I wanted to go outside, but it was too cold.
  3. The doctor came after the patient had died.
  4. The sun was shining brightly, so we decided to go to the beach.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The doctor came after the patient had died.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The doctor came after the patient had died.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - The doctor came after the patient had died.

Complex Sentence বা জটিল বাক্য:
-  Complex Sentence বা জটিল বাক্যেতে সাধারণত দুটি Clause থাকে। এর একটি Independent clause, অপরটি Subordinate clause.
- Subordinate clause বাক্যের Object হিসেবে কাজ করে।
- Subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, lest, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, til, unless, when, why, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

Example sentence:
1. She cooked dinner while I set the table.
2. Though he was poor, he was honest.

উল্লিখিত বাকি অপশনগুলো,
ক) She loves to read, and he enjoys watching movies.
- Compound Sentence.

খ) I wanted to go outside, but it was too cold.
- Compound Sentence.

ঘ) The sun was shining brightly, so we decided to go to the beach.
- Compound Sentence.

Compound Sentence গঠনের শর্ত হচ্ছে -
- বাক্যে একের অধিক Principal Clause থাকবে।
- বাক্যে এক বা একাধিক Coordinating Conjunction থাকবে।
- and, or, but, both, fewer than, neither, and, not only.... but also, no less than, neither... nor, either... or, otherwise, still, yet, else, nevertheless, on the contrary, only, so, therefore, consequently, for- ইত্যাদি Coordinating Conjunction দ্বারা Compound Sentence গঠিত হয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.
১৩৬.
What kind of sentence is-'Fight till you die'?
  1. ক) Simple
  2. খ) Complex
  3. গ) Compound
  4. ঘ) Complex-Compound
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Complex
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Complex
ব্যাখ্যা
Principal clause এ এক বা একাধিক subordinate clause নিয়ে একটি complex বাক্য গঠিত হয়। উক্ত বাক্যে fight হচ্ছে principal clause, till you die হচ্ছে subordinate clause.
১৩৭.
Seeing the teacher, the student stopped making noise. (make it complex)
  1. As the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
  2. Since the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
  3. The students stopped making noises when they saw the teacher.
  4. All of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
All of these
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
All of these
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex করার জন্য Simple sentence এর Phrase টিকে clause এ রূপান্তর করার জন্যে একটি verb আনতে হবে এবং যদি subject না থাকে তাহলে একটা subject ও আনতে হবে।

এই sentence টিতে phrase হচ্ছে ‘Seeing the teacher’।  এই phrase এ seeing কে সহজেই verb বানানো যায়। আর যেহেতু এই sentence এর subject একটাই সেহেতু আমরা একই subject ব্যবহার করবো।

Transformation এ tense পরিবর্তিত হয় না।  তাই আমরা seeing কে saw বানিয়েছি। দুটি clause এ subject যেহেতু একই, তাই একটিতে pronoun ব্যবহার করতে হবে। তারপর উপযুক্ত একটি connector বাছাই করতে হবে। এ ধরনের sentence  এর ক্ষেত্রে একের অধিক connector ও থাকতে পারে এবং সব গুলোই সঠিক।
The complex sentence could be:

As the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
Since the student saw the teacher, they stopped making noise.
The students stopped making noises when they saw the teacher.
১৩৮.
They heard Roza at the time of singing. (Make it complex)
  1. They heard Roza when she is singing.
  2. They heard Roza that she was singing.
  3. They heard Roza when she sang.
  4. They heard Roza when she was singing.
সঠিক উত্তর:
They heard Roza when she was singing.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
They heard Roza when she was singing.
ব্যাখ্যা
• যদি কোনো Simple Sentence এ at the time of থাকে, উক্ত Simple Sentence কে Complex Sentence এ রূপান্তরের সময় -
- At the time of এর পরিবর্তে  when বসে।

- এ বাক্যে প্রথম clause টি অপরিবর্তিত রয়েছে।
- তারপর At the time of এর পরিবর্তে  when বসেছে।
- এরপর প্রথম clause টির tense এর form অনুযায়ী 
- পরবর্তী Clause টি she was singing লিখা হয়েছে।

• Simple: They heard Roza at the time of singing.
Complex: They heard Roza when she was singing.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain
১৩৯.
The robbed car was found. (Make it complex)
  1. The car which is robbed was found.
  2. The car which was robbed is being found.
  3. The car which was robbed has been found.
  4. The car which was robbed was found.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The car which was robbed was found.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The car which was robbed was found.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Subject এর পরের verb টি past participle হলে Simple sentence কে Complex করার নিয়ম:
- Subject বসে।
- relative pronoun (who, which, that) বসে।
- tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- প্রদত্ত past participle থেকে sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

Simple: The robbed car was found.
Complex: The car which was robbed was found.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৪০.
Work out the sum or you will be punished. (Make it Complex)
  1. ক) If you do not work out the sum, you will be punished.
  2. খ) If you did not work out the sum, you will be punished.
  3. গ) If you do not work out the sum, you be punished.
  4. ঘ) If you do work out the sum, you will be punished.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) If you do not work out the sum, you will be punished.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) If you do not work out the sum, you will be punished.
ব্যাখ্যা
- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের Complex রূপ হচ্ছে If you do not work out the sum, you will be punished.

• Structure:
Or যুক্ত Compound Sentence কে If you do not…. (negative), Sub +…. দ্বারা Complex এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়।

Example :
Compound: Work out the the sum or you will be punished.
Complex: If you do not work out the sum, you will be punished.

Compound: Study hard or fail.
Complex: If you do not study hard, you will fail.
১৪১.
If you do not focus, you will fail. [make it compound]
  1. Focus or you will fail.
  2. If you do not focus or you will fail.
  3. Do focus and you will fail.
  4. Focus and you will fail.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Focus or you will fail.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Focus or you will fail.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex: If you do not focus, you will fail.
Compound : Focus or you will fail.

• Complex sentence থেকে compound sentence করার ক্ষেত্রে:
- Complex sentence-এর একটি clause যদি if you-দ্বারা গঠিত হয় বা if-clause হয় তাহলে নিম্নরূপে তাকে compound-এ রূপান্তরিত করতে হয়:
- Complex sentence টি যদি affirmative বা হ্যাঁ-বোধক হয় তাহলে if you clause টা তুলে দিয়ে, বাক্যে verb-এর পরে and ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- Complex sentence-টি যদি না-বোধক বা negative হয় তাহলে if you do not তুলে দিয়ে verb এর শেষে or বসাতে হয়।

• Examples:
Complex: If you study, you will pass.
Compound: Study and you will pass.

Complex : If you eat a balanced diet, you will remain healthy.
Compound : Eat a balanced diet and you will remain healthy.

Source: A Passage To The English Language. S. M. Zakir Hussain.
১৪২.
Which one is not a complex sentence?
  1. ক) No sooner had I reached the station than the train left.
  2. খ) I apprehend the man may attack me.
  3. গ) Honey is sweet if tasted.
  4. ঘ) I had my hair cut.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) I had my hair cut.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) I had my hair cut.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence এ দুইটি Clause থাকে এবং এগুলো একটি Sub-ordinate Conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত থাকে। 
ক- তে ২টি Clause আছে এবং এগুলো than দিয়ে যুক্ত আছে। 
খ- তে ২টি Clause আছে এবং এগুলো একটি উহ্য that দিয়ে যুক্ত আছে। 
গ- তে ২টি Clause আছে এবং এগুলো if দিয়ে যুক্ত আছে। তবে এখানে Subject ও Auxiliary Verb (it is) উহ্য আছে। 
ঘ- তে একটাই Clause আছে। এখানে cut (Past Participle) একটি Non-finite Verb.
১৪৩.
In the event of not doing it, you will die. (Make it Compound) -
  1. ক) You do or you will die.
  2. খ) If you do it, you will live longer. 
  3. গ) Do or die
  4. ঘ) None of these.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Do or die
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Do or die
ব্যাখ্যা
•'Do or die': Compound sentence. - কারণ,  যখন কোনো Sentence এ একাধিক Principal 
clause যেমন, but, or, yet, therefore of Co-ordinating Conjunction দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়, তাকে Compound sentence বলে।
•There are two clauses and one conjunction. One main clause is “Do” and the other main clause is “Die”. Or is the conjunction.
অপর দিকে,
• Simple sentence এ একটি মাত্র clause থাকে। in the simple sentence, there is only one finite verb, ‘die’.
১৪৪.
Manik is too feeble to go outside. (make it complex)
  1. Manik is so feeble that he can not go outside.
  2. Manik can not go outside because he is feeble.
  3. Manik is too feeble that he can not go outside.
  4. Manik is so feeble and he can not go outside.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Manik is so feeble that he can not go outside.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Manik is so feeble that he can not go outside.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Too + --- + to যুক্ত Simple sentence কে Complex sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Subject এরপরে প্রথম too এর জায়গায় so বসে।
- Too + --- + to এর মাঝের Adjective word টি বসে।
- to এর পরিবর্তে that বসে।
- প্রথম subject টির Pronoun form বসে।
- tense অনুযায়ী can not/ could not বসে।
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

Simple: Manik is too feeble to go outside.
Complex: Manik is so feeble that he can not go outside.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৪৫.
By working hard, you can succeed in life. (Make it complex)
  1. If you will work hard, you can succeed in life.
  2. By working hard, success can be achieved.
  3. If you work hard, you can succeed in life.
  4. If you have worked hard, you can succeed in life.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If you work hard, you can succeed in life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If you work hard, you can succeed in life.
ব্যাখ্যা

• By/ In case of/ In the event of + gerund যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Complex Sentence করার নিয়ম:
- By/ In case of/ In the event of এর পরবর্তী gerund (যেমন: studying, reading, working, etc.) বাদ যাবে এবং If দিয়ে Complex Sentence এর শুরু করতে হবে।
- ২য় clause এর subject বসবে।
- Verb + ১ম Clause এর বাকী অংশ বসে।
- ২য় Clause- টি অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে।

• Simple Sentence: By working hard, you can succeed in life.
• Complex Sentence: If you work hard, you can succeed in life.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৪৬.
Belal wants to travel the planet. (Make it complex)
  1. Belal wants that he would travel the planet.
  2. Belal wants that he will travel the planet.
  3. As Belal wants, he would travel the planet.
  4. Belal wanted that he will travel the planet.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Belal wants that he will travel the planet.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Belal wants that he will travel the planet.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple: Belal wants to travel the planet.
• Complex: Belal wants that he will travel the planet.

- মূল Clause এর Verb (wants) present Tense হওয়ায়, এ Clause টাও present Tense এ হবে।
- তবে to + verb সাধারণত Future Indicate করে, তাই এখানে Future (will) হবে। 
- তবে মনে রাখতে হবে, to + verb  যদি উদ্দেশ্য বুঝানোর জন্য আসে, তখন সাধারণত so that বা in order that যুক্ত Clause বসে।
১৪৭.
In case of following the traffic rules, you won’t face any trouble. [Complex]
  1. Unless you don't follow the traffic rule, you won't face any trouble.
  2. Following the traffic rules, you won't face any trouble.
  3. Unless you follow the traffic rule, you won't face any trouble.
  4. If you follow the traffic rules, you won't face any trouble.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If you follow the traffic rules, you won't face any trouble.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If you follow the traffic rules, you won't face any trouble.
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple: In case of following the traffic rules, you won’t face any trouble.
Complex: If you follow the traffic rules, you won’t face any trouble.

• By/ In case of যুক্ত simple sentence টি যদি Modal auxiliary যোগে গঠিত হয়, তবে তা complex sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
-  in case of এর পরিবর্তে  if বসে,
- Subject বসে + Verb বসে,
- Adjective /Noun বসে,
- Comma বসে,
- অপর বাক্যটি বসে।
- আর মূল Clause টি Future/ Present হলে If যুক্ত Clause টি Present Tense হয়।

Simple: In case of working hard, you will prosper in life.
Complex: If you work hard, you will prosper in life.

• Unless নিজেই negative অর্থ প্রদান করে বিধায় এর সাথে আর কোনো negative শব্দ বসাতে হয় না।
১৪৮.
'I know that he will come here soon'- The sentence is a ____
  1. ক) simple sentence
  2. খ) complex sentence
  3. গ) compound sentence
  4. ঘ) None of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) complex sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) complex sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Complex sentence:
- কোন sentence এ একটি principal clause ও এক বা একাধিক subordinate clause থাকলে তাকে বলে Complex sentence.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটিতে 'I know that he will come here soon'
- 'I know' ও 'that he will come here soon' বাক্যের দুটি অংশ।

• 'I know' অর্থ 'আমি জানি'।
- এটি পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করছে, তাই এটি principal clause.

• 'that he will come here soon' অর্থ 'যে সে শীঘ্রই এখানে আসবে'।
- এর দ্বারা সম্পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করছে না তাই এটি subordinate clause.

- তাই বাক্যটি একটি Complex sentence.
১৪৯.
‘Since he was ill, he could not come to college’. This is a –
  1. Complex sentence
  2. Compound sentence
  3. Imperative sentence
  4. Simple sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex sentence
ব্যাখ্যা

Complex sentence গঠিত হয় Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Sub-ordinate clause এর সমন্বয়ে।

আলোচ্য বাক্যে‘‘Since he was ill’ Sub-ordinate clause এবং ‘he could not come to college’ Principal clause.
অতএব, এটি একটি Complex sentence।

১৫০.
He is too afraid to speak the truth. (Make it complex)
  1. He is too afraid that he can not speak the truth.
  2. He is afraid that he can not speak the truth.
  3. He is so afraid and he can not speak the truth.
  4. He is so afraid that he can not speak the truth.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He is so afraid that he can not speak the truth.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He is so afraid that he can not speak the truth.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Too + --- + to যুক্ত Simple sentence- কে Complex sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Subject এরপরে প্রথম too এর জায়গায় so বসে।
that বসে।
- প্রথম subject টি আবারো বসে।
- tense অনুযায়ী can not/ could not বসে।
- to উঠে যায় ।
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

• Simple sentence: He is too afraid to speak the truth.
• Complex sentence: He is so afraid that he can not speak the truth.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৫১.
No mountain is as high ____ Mount Everest.
  1. ক) than
  2. খ) from
  3. গ) but
  4. ঘ) as
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) as
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) as
ব্যাখ্যা
বৈসাদৃশ্য বোঝাতে না বোধক বাক্যে so…..as ব্যবহৃত হয়ে থাকে। তবে so…...as না থাকলে as…...as উত্তর হবে। সুতরাং সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - No mountain is as high as Mount Everest.
১৫২.
‘Wait here until I return’. This sentence is an example of -
  1. ক) Simple sentence
  2. খ) Complex sentence
  3. গ) Compound sentence
  4. ঘ) Optative sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Complex sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Complex sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
• ‘Wait here until I return’. This sentence is an example of - Complex sentence.

• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী -‘Wait here until I return’. হচ্ছে complex sentence.
১৫৩.
Find the complex form of:
The water was salty and I could not drink it.
  1. As the water was salty, I could not drink it.
  2. Since the water was so salty, I could not drink it.
  3. The water is so salty that I can not drink it.
  4. When the water been salty, I could not drink it.
সঠিক উত্তর:
As the water was salty, I could not drink it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
As the water was salty, I could not drink it.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Compound: The water was salty and I could not drink it.
• Complex: As the water was salty, I could not drink it.

• And যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Complex করার নিয়ম:
- Sentence -এর প্রথমে since/as বসে (কারণ স্পষ্ট হলে),
- প্রথম Sentence বসে,
- And -এর পরিবর্তে comma(,) বসে,
- দ্বিতীয় sentence বসে। 

• Structure: Since/As + প্রথম Sentence + and -এর পরিবর্তে comma(,) + দ্বিতীয় sentence.

• More examples:
- Compound: I was ill and could not attend the class.
- Complex: Since I was ill, I could not attend the class.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
১৫৪.
When he arrived, the meeting had already started. This is a—
  1. Simple sentence
  2. Complex sentence
  3. Compound sentence
  4. None of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex sentence
ব্যাখ্যা

When he arrived, the meeting had already started. This is a— খ) Complex sentence.

• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী Complex sentence - When he arrived, the meeting had already started.

“When he arrived” একটি Subordinate clause. “The meeting had already started” Principal clause. একটির উপর আরেকটি নির্ভরশীল clause থাকার কারণে এটি complex sentence.

১৫৫.
Transform the simple sentence “Because of his hard work, he passed the exam.” into the correct complex sentence.
  1. Since he works hard, he passed the exam.
  2. Though he worked hard, he passed the exam.
  3. Since he worked hard, he passed the exam.
  4. He worked hard so that he passed the exam.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since he worked hard, he passed the exam.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since he worked hard, he passed the exam.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: গ) Since he worked hard, he passed the exam.

• Because of যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Complex Sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- “Because of” সাধারণত noun phrase বা gerund নিয়ে শুরু হয়।
- “Because of” সরিয়ে Since বসাতে হয়।
- তারপরে subject + verb বসাতে হয়।
- বাক্যের শেষে comma দিয়ে মূল clause বসাতে হয়।
Structure: Since + subject + verb + (adjective/noun/phrase), + main clause.

Given Sentence (Simple): "Because of his hard work, he passed the exam."
Correct Complex Form: Since he worked hard, he passed the exam.
 
Other Options:
ক) Since he works hard, he passed the exam.
- Tense mismatch: “works” (present) + “passed” (past)। Tense mismatch-এর কারণে এটি সঠিক নয়।
খ) Though he worked hard, he passed the exam.
- “Though” ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে → contrast বোঝায়, কিন্তু here it’s a reason/cause. তাই সঠিক নয়।
ঘ) He worked hard so that he passed the exam.
- “so that” ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে → এটি purpose বোঝায়, কিন্তু original meaning শুধু কারণ বোঝাচ্ছে। তাই সঠিক নয়।

Example Sentences:
Simple: Because of the loud noise, we could not sleep.
Complex: Since the noise was loud, we could not sleep.
Simple: Because of the cold weather, they stayed indoors.
Complex: Since the weather was cold, they stayed indoors.
Simple: Because of his fast typing, he finished the report early.
Complex: Since he typed fast, he finished the report early.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English by Chowdhury and Hossain.

১৫৬.
I saw him at the time of smoking. (Complex)
  1. I saw him when he smokes.
  2. I saw him when he smoked.
  3. I saw him when he is smoking.
  4. I saw him when he was smoking.
সঠিক উত্তর:
I saw him when he was smoking.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I saw him when he was smoking.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple to complex

- যদি Simple sentence-এ at the time of থাকে, উক্ত simple sentence-কে complex-এ রূপান্তরের সময় at the time of-এর পরিবর্তে when বসে।

যেমন-

Simple: I saw him at the time of smoking.
Complex: I saw him when he was smoking.
১৫৭.
Despite being sick, Lopa went to college. (complex)
  1. Though Lopa is sick, she went to college.
  2. If Lopa was sick, she went to college.
  3. Though Lopa was sick still she went to college.
  4. Though Lopa was sick, she went to college.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Though Lopa was sick, she went to college.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Though Lopa was sick, she went to college.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple to complex:

• Simple sentence এ যদি In spite of/ despite থাকে তাহলে complex sentence এ though/although বসে।

- Though/Although,
- subject,
- person ও number অনুসারে verb,
- 2nd clause (অপরিবর্তিত থাকে)।

Simple: Despite being sick, Lopa went to college.
Complex: Though Lopa was sick, she went to college.
১৫৮.
Identify the complex sentence -
  1. He confessed his crime.
  2. The management is thoroughly bad.
  3. He finished his exercise and put away his books.
  4. He bought the library which belonged to his uncle.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He bought the library which belonged to his uncle.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He bought the library which belonged to his uncle.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী Complex sentence - He bought the library which belonged to his uncle.
১৫৯.
In winter, the weather is too cold for the migratory birds to live in the north. (Make it complex)
  1. ক) In winter, the weather is very cold that the migratory birds could not live in the north.
  2. খ) In winter, the weather is so cold that the migratory birds could not live in the north.
  3. গ) In winter, the weather is so cold that the migratory birds cannot live in the north.
  4. ঘ) In winter, the weather is cold enough that the migratory birds cannot live in the north.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) In winter, the weather is so cold that the migratory birds cannot live in the north.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) In winter, the weather is so cold that the migratory birds cannot live in the north.
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple -----------------------------> Complex

too ....... to = এতই যে না ----------> So ...... that ... (not) = এতই যে ... (না)
১৬০.
Without working hard, you will not prosper in life. (Make it complex)
  1. ক) You will not prosper in life unless you do not work hard.
  2. খ) Unless you work no hard, you will not prosper in life.
  3. গ) If you do not work hard, you will not prosper in life.
  4. ঘ) In case you not work hard, you will not prosper in life.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) If you do not work hard, you will not prosper in life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) If you do not work hard, you will not prosper in life.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

• Simple sentence-এ without + gerund থাকলে Complex sentence-টি unless/if দিয়ে গঠন করতে হয়।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে -  You will not prosper in life if you do not work hard.
১৬১.
The girl sold her hair to buy a gift for Santham. (Complex)
  1. The girl sold her hair so that she may buy a gift for Santham.
  2. The girl sold her hair so that she can buy a gift for Santham.
  3. The girl sold her hair so that she could buy a gift for Santham.
  4. Although the girl sold her hair so that she may buy a gift for Santham.
  5. Since the girl sold her hair so that she may buy a gift for Santham.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The girl sold her hair so that she could buy a gift for Santham.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The girl sold her hair so that she could buy a gift for Santham.
ব্যাখ্যা
• উদ্দেশ্যমূলক simple sentence কে complex করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত বাক্যের প্রথম থেকে to এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসবে,
- so that বসে। 
- প্রথম কর্তা পুনরায় বসে। 
- tense অনুযায়ী may/can or might/could বসে। (present tense হলে may/can, past tense হলে might/could বসে। 
- to এর পরের অংশ বসে। 

Simple: The girl sold her hair to buy a gift for Santham.
Complex: The girl sold her hair so that she could buy a gift for Santham.

Simple: He works hard to shine in life.
Complex: He works hard so that he may shine in life.
১৬২.
Although the project was challenging, ___________
  1. even yet they completed it on time.
  2. yet they completed it on time.
  3. despite they completed it on time.
  4. they completed it on time.
সঠিক উত্তর:
they completed it on time.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
they completed it on time.
ব্যাখ্যা
•  Although - যদিও, যদ্যপি।
- Although থাকলে দুইটি clause সাধারণত একই tense-এ থাকে এবং দুইি বিপরীতধর্মী ধারণা প্রকাশ করে।
- Although দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হয় আর although বাক্যের শুরুতে ব্যবহৃত হলে দুটি clause এর মাঝে শুধু  comma ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- অন্য কোনো conjunction বসে না।
- Although যুক্ত বাক্য Complex Sentence হয়।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক উত্তর - they completed it on time.
- Complete sentence: Although the project was challenging, they completed it on time.
- Bangla Meaning: যদিও প্রকল্পটি চ্যালেঞ্জিং ছিল, তবে তারা সময়মতো তা সম্পন্ন করেছে।

More Example Sentence:
1. Although she is tired, she continues to work diligently.
2. Although the restaurant is crowded, the service is efficient.
১৬৩.
Change the following sentence into a complex sentence-
We earn money in order to live a happy life.
  1. ক) We earn money in order that we live a happy life.
  2. খ) We earn money so that we live a happy life.
  3. গ) We earn money so that we might live a happy life.
  4. ঘ) We earn money so that we may live a happy life.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) We earn money so that we may live a happy life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) We earn money so that we may live a happy life.
ব্যাখ্যা
'We earn money in order to live a happy life.'- এটি একটি Simple Sentence. 

• Simple Sentence এ 'in order to' থাকলে Complex Sentence এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম: 
- In order to এর স্থলে In order that অথবা So that বসবে। 
- এরপর noun phrase + may/might বসবে। 
- Present tense এর ক্ষেত্রে may এবং Past tense এর ক্ষেত্রে might বসে। 

Simple: We earn money in order to live a happy life. 
Complex: We earn money so that we may live a happy life. 

Simple: He studied hard in order to pass the exam. 
Complex: He studied hard so that he might pass the exam. 

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.
১৬৪.
Which is a Complex sentence?
  1. ক) Going to market, he bought a shirt.
  2. খ) He believes that you are a magician.
  3. গ) I came, I saw and I conquered.
  4. ঘ) The man had no money nevertheless he wanted to buy the shirt.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) He believes that you are a magician.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) He believes that you are a magician.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence: 
- কোন sentence এ একটি principle clause ও এক বা একাধিক subordinate clause থাকলে তাকে complex sentence বলে। 
He believes that you are a magician- sentence টিতে He believes হচ্ছে principle clause এবং that you are a magician হচ্ছে subordinate clause. 

Going to market, he bought a shirt - Simple Sentence. 
I came, I saw and I conquered - Compound Sentence.  
The man had no money nevertheless he wanted to buy the shirt - Compound Sentence. 

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
১৬৫.
‘That he is a corrupted person is an open secret’. This is a –
  1. Simple sentence
  2. Complex sentence
  3. Compound sentence
  4. Imperative sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex sentence গঠিত হয়  Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Sub-ordinate clause এর সমন্বয়ে।
আলোচ্য বাক্যে‘‘That he is a corrupted person’ Sub-ordinate clause এবং এই পুরো clauseটিই Principal clause এর subject হিসেবে কাজ করছে যেখানে ‘is an open secret’ হলো predicate।
১৬৬.
Because of his poverty, he could not continue his studies. [Complex]
  1. Since he was poor, he not continue his studies.
  2. In order to he was poor, he could not continue his studies.
  3. Since he was poor, he could not continue his studies.
  4. He could not continue his studies tough he was poor.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since he was poor, he could not continue his studies.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since he was poor, he could not continue his studies.
ব্যাখ্যা

Simple: Because of his poverty, he could not continue his studies.
Complex: Since he was poor, he could not continue his studies.

• Because of যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Complex-এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Simple sentence এ because of থাকলে Complex sentence এর পরিবর্তে Since/ as ব্যবহৃত হয়।
-তারপর  Subject বসে + Verb বসে,
- এরপর Adjective /Noun + Comma বসে,
- সবশেষে অপর বাক্যটি বসে।

Example: 
Simple: Because of my illness, I could not attend the meeting.
Complex: Since I was ill, I could not attend the meeting.

অন্য অপশনগুলো বিশ্লেষণ:

ক) Since he was poor, he not continue his studies.
- এটি ভুল। "he not continue" – এখানে verb-এর form ভুল। সঠিক হবে "could not continue".

খ) In order to he was poor, he could not continue his studies.
- এটি ভুল। "In order to" মানে উদ্দেশ্য বোঝায় (purpose), কিন্তু এখানে কারণ (cause) বোঝানো হয়েছে। "In order to he was poor" – এটা অর্থহীন এবং grammatically incorrect.

ঘ) He could not continue his studies tough he was poor.
- এটি ভুল। "tough" এর পরিবর্তে "though" (যদিও) হবে। এমনকি "though" হলেও অর্থ হবে বিপরীত: "যদিও সে দরিদ্র ছিল, তবু সে পড়াশোনা চালিয়ে যেতে পারেনি" – যা মূল বাক্যের সাথে মেলে না (মূলটা কারণ বোঝাচ্ছে, concession নয়)।

১৬৭.
'I saw that the boy was playing'. It is an example of-
  1. ক) Compound sentence
  2. খ) Optative sentence
  3. গ) Complex sentence
  4. ঘ) Simple sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Complex sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Complex sentence
ব্যাখ্যা

- Complex sentence এ সাধারণত একটি প্রধান (principal) clause এবং একাধিক নির্ভরশীল (subordinate) clause থাকে।
- অর্থাৎ কমপক্ষে দুইটি subject এবং দুইটি finite verb থাকে।
- উক্ত বাক্যটিতে I ও the boy দুটি subject এবং saw ও was দুটি finite verb।
- তাই এটি একটি Complex sentence এর উদাহরণ।

১৬৮.
The complex form of the sentence:
A burnt child dreads the fire.
  1. Since a child is burnt, it dreads the fire.
  2. A child who burnt dread the fire.
  3. A child who has been burnt dreads the fire.
  4. Though a child is burnt, it dreads the fire.
সঠিক উত্তর:
A child who has been burnt dreads the fire.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
A child who has been burnt dreads the fire.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Simple: A burnt child dreads the fire.
- Complex: A child who has been burnt dreads the fire.

• Participle যুক্ত simple sentence-কে complex করতে হলে-
- Participle যুক্ত অংশকে subordinate clause-এ রূপান্তর করতে হয় এবং বাকি অংশ main clause হিসেবে অপরিবর্তিত থাকবে ।
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যে 'burnt' হচ্ছে past participle
- এর subordinate clause হলো A child who has been burnt.

- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে- A child who has been burnt dreads the fire.

• More examples:
- Simple: A barking dog seldom bites.
- Complex: A dog that barks seldom bites.

১৬৯.
Being an admirable man, he serves society. (Make it complex)
  1. When he is an admirable man, he serves society.
  2. Though he is an admirable man, he dedicates himself to serving society.
  3. Though he is an admirable man, he serves society.
  4. Since he is an admirable man, he serves society.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since he is an admirable man, he serves society.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since he is an admirable man, he serves society.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple Sentence: Being an admirable man, he serves society.
• Complex Sentence: Since he is an admirable man, he serves society.

• Being যুক্ত Simple sentence কে Complex sentence -এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Sentence এর প্রথমে Since/As/When বসে + being যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause যে tense এ থাকে সে tense অনুযায়ী being যুক্ত clause এর tense পরিবর্তন হয়। 
- কারণ বুঝালে as/since বসে এবং সময় বুঝালে when বসে।
১৭০.
She is too tired to continue working. (Make it complex)
  1. She is too tired that she cannot continue working.
  2. She is so tired that she could not continue working.
  3. She is very tired that she cannot continue working.
  4. She is so tired that she cannot continue working.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She is so tired that she cannot continue working.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She is so tired that she cannot continue working.
ব্যাখ্যা

- Simple: She is too tired to continue working.
- Complex: She is so tired that she cannot continue working.

• Too + --- + to যুক্ত Simple sentence কে Complex sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Subject এরপরে প্রথম too এর জায়গায় so বসে।
- Too + --- + to এর মাঝের Adjective word টি বসে।
- to এর পরিবর্তে that বসে।
- প্রথম subject টির Pronoun form বসে।
- tense অনুযায়ী can not/ could not বসে।
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

 More examples:
- Simple: He is too young to drive a car.
- Complex: He is so young that he cannot drive a car.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৭১.
I know him to be honest. (Simple to complex)
  1. ক) I knew that he is honest.
  2. খ) I know that he is honest.
  3. গ) I know that he was honest.
  4. ঘ) I know that he has been honest.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) I know that he is honest.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) I know that he is honest.
ব্যাখ্যা

I know him to be honest. এই Simple sentence এর complex রূপ হচ্ছে I know that he is honest.
Sub + Verb + Obj + to be +…যুক্ত simple sentence কে complex sentence এ রূপান্তর করতে হলে, i) Subject + verb বসে + ii) that বসে + iii)object এর subject রূপ বসে। এবং iv) tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary Verb বসে।

১৭২.
Being late, he missed the bus. (Make it Complex)
  1. Though he was late, he missed the bus.
  2. When he was late, he missed the bus.
  3. For he was late, he missed the bus.
  4. As he was late, he missed the bus.
সঠিক উত্তর:
As he was late, he missed the bus.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
As he was late, he missed the bus.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Being যুক্ত Simple sentence কে Complex sentence -এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Sentence এর প্রথমে Since/As/When বসে + being যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause যে tense এ থাকে সে tense অনুযায়ী being যুক্ত clause এর tense পরিবর্তন হয়।
- কারণ বুঝালে as/since বসে এবং সময় বুঝালে when বসে।
- প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি কারণ বুঝাচ্ছে, তাই, Complex করার জন্য Since/As দ্বারা শুরু করতে হবে। 

Examples:
Simple Sentence: Being tired, she went to bed early.
Complex Sentence: Since she was tired, she went to bed early.

Simple Sentence: The weather being nice, we decided to go for a walk.
Complex Sentence: As the weather was nice, we decided to go for a walk.

তাই, সঠিক উত্তর - As he was late, he missed the bus.

১৭৩.
Which one is a complex sentence?
  1. We waited till sunrise.
  2. We waited until the sun rose.
  3. We waited and the sun rose
  4. We waited but the sun rose.
সঠিক উত্তর:
We waited until the sun rose.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
We waited until the sun rose.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence-এ একটি Independent Clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Dependent Clause থাকে।
এখানে, ২য় অপশনটিতে We waited হল Independent Clause এবং until the sun rose হল Dependent Clause।
১৭৪.
Which of the following sentences is a Complex Sentence?
  1. I ate lunch, and then I went for a walk.
  2. He loves to travel, and he takes many photos.
  3. The children played in the park until it got dark.
  4. She studied for the test, but she was still nervous.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The children played in the park until it got dark.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The children played in the park until it got dark.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence বা জটিল বাক্য:।
-  Complex Sentence বা জটিল বাক্যেতে সাধারণত দুটি Clause থাকে। এর একটি Independent clause, অপরটি Subordinate clause.
- Subordinate clause বাক্যের Object হিসেবে কাজ করে।
- Subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, lest, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, til, unless, when, why, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

Example:
1. I missed the bus because I woke up late.
2. She cooked dinner while I set the table.

Correct Sentence: The children played in the park until it got dark.
- প্রদত্ত sentence এ দুটি clause আছে, যা until দ্বারা সংযুক্ত করা হয়েছে।

Source: A Passage To The English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.
১৭৫.
Because of the cold outside, we stayed at home. (Transform it Complex)
  1. Since we stayed at home as it is cold outside.
  2. Although it was cold outside, we stayed at home.
  3. Since it was cold outside, we stayed at home.
  4. It was cold outside and we stayed at home.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since it was cold outside, we stayed at home.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since it was cold outside, we stayed at home.
ব্যাখ্যা

Simple: Because of the cold outside, we stayed at home.
Complex: Since it was cold outside, we stayed at home.

• Because of যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Complex Sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
• প্রথমে since বসে,
- subject বসে,
- verb বসে,
- Adjective/noun বসে,
- Comma বসে,
- অপর বাক্যটি বসে।

Simple: Because of their playing well, they won the game.
Complex: Since they played well, they won the game.

Simple: Because of his hard work, he passed the exam.
Complex: Since he worked hard, he passed the exam.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English by Chowdhury and Hossain.

১৭৬.
Change the following sentence into a complex sentence: She is very tired and cannot remain conscious.
  1. She is so tired that she cannot remain conscious.
  2. She is very tired so that she cannot remain conscious.
  3. She is very tired and so that she cannot remain conscious.
  4. She is very tired that she cannot remain conscious.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She is so tired that she cannot remain conscious.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She is so tired that she cannot remain conscious.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Compound to Complex:

• Very...and যুক্ত compound sentence কে complex sentence এ পরিণত করতে হলে, 
 Complex এ very এর স্থলে so এবং and এর স্থলে that বসে।

Compound sentence: She is very tired and cannot remain conscious.
Complex Sentence: She is so tired that she cannot remain conscious.
১৭৭.
'Drive carefully lest you should encounter an accident on the slippery road.' This is a —
  1. Complex sentence
  2. Compound sentence
  3. Simple sentence
  4. Interrogative sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
'Drive carefully lest you should encounter an accident on the slippery road.' This is a — Complex sentence.

Complex Sentence:
- যে sentence-এ একটি Principal Clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause থাকে, তাকে Complex Sentence বলে।

- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, lest,  though,  although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

’’Drive carefully lest you should encounter an accident on the slippery road.’’ প্রদত্ত বাক্যটিতে,
-  "Drive carefully" হচ্ছে বাক্যটির Imperative clause এবং এটি প্রদত্ত বাক্যটির main clause.
- "lest you should encounter an accident on the slippery road." হচ্ছে বাক্যটির subordinate clause যেটা conjunction "lest" দ্বারা যুক্ত।

Source:
(1) Cliff's TOEFL.
(2) A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hossain.
১৭৮.
Without working hard, none can receive any reward. (Make it complex)
  1. ক) None can receive any reward unless he does not work hard.
  2. খ) None can receive any reward until he works hard.
  3. গ) None can receive any reward unless he works hard.
  4. ঘ) None can receive any reward until he does not work hard.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) None can receive any reward unless he works hard.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) None can receive any reward unless he works hard.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
- Simple sentence-এ without + gerund থাকলে Complex sentence-টি unless/if দিয়ে গঠন করতে হয়।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - None can receive any reward unless he works hard
১৭৯.
Find out the complex sentence.
  1. That she will reciprocate my passion for her is certain.
  2. He did his work and I, mine.
  3. In case of your failure to move, you will die.
  4. Because of his playing well, he won the game
সঠিক উত্তর:
That she will reciprocate my passion for her is certain.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
That she will reciprocate my passion for her is certain.
ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর হলো: ক) That she will reciprocate my passion for her is certain.
এটি একটি complex sentence, কারণ এতে -
- Main clause: is certain.
- Subordinate (noun) clause: 'That she will reciprocate my passion for her',
- এখানে “that” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া noun clause-টি পুরো বাক্যের subject হিসেবে কাজ করছে।

• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।

Other options,

খ) He did his work and I, mine.
- Compound Sentence. 
- দুটো independent clause: "He did his work" এবং "I [did], mine"
- "and" দিয়ে যুক্ত (coordinating conjunction) → দুটো clause সমান গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। এটা compound.

গ) In case of your failure to move, you will die.
- এখানে "In case of your failure to move" = prepositional phrase (একটি clause নয়, শুধু phrase)।
- পুরো বাক্যে শুধু একটি independent clause ("you will die") আছে।
- এটি simple sentence (শুধু একটি independent clause + phrase)।

ঘ) Because of his playing well, he won the game.
- "Because of his playing well" = prepositional phrase (gerund phrase), clause নয়।
- শুধু একটি independent clause ("he won the game").
- এটিও simple sentence

১৮০.
In case of raining, we would postpone our journey. (Make it complex)
  1. ক) If it rains, we would postpone our journey.
  2. খ) In case of it rained, we would postpone our journey.
  3. গ) If it rained, we would postpone our journey.
  4. ঘ) In case rain was, we would postpone our journey.
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) If it rained, we would postpone our journey.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) If it rained, we would postpone our journey.
ব্যাখ্যা
In case of থাকলে if/ in case যে কোনটি বসতে পারে।
Phrase কে Clause এ রূপান্তর করতে হবে। যেখানে কোন Subject নেই, সেখানে Subject হিসেবে It বসবে। পরের অংশে would থাকায় Past Form এ verb বসবে।
১৮১.
Even though it was raining heavily, they continued their hike to reach the summit.
- This is an example of -
  1. Compound sentence
  2. Simple compound sentence
  3. Complex sentence
  4. Compound-Complex Sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
• Even though it was raining heavily, they continued their hike to reach the summit.
- This is an example of - Complex sentence.

• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
যেমন:
- Even though she was tired, she stayed up late to finish her project.

• অন্যদিকে, 
• Simple sentence:
- A simple sentence consists of a single independent clause that expresses a complete thought.
- একটি simple sentence এ শুধুমাত্র একটি clause থাকে অর্থাৎ একটি subject এবং একটি finite verb থাকে,
- যেমন: The sun shines brightly in the sky.

• Compound sentence:
- এ একের অধিক principal clause থাকে যাদেরকে co-ordinate clause বলা হয়।
- অর্থাৎ Compound sentence এ দুই বা ততোধিক principal clause বা co-ordinate clause থাকে।
- এছাড়া Compound sentence এ সাধারণত and, or, but, yet, so, therefore, otherwise, else, both --- and , either --- or , neither — nor, not only --- but also ইত্যাদি coordinating conjunction দ্বারা দুইটি principal clause যুক্ত থাকে।
-যেমন: 
- The movie was really interesting, but it was quite long.

• Compound-Complex Sentences:
- A compound-complex sentence contains at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause.
- যেমন - Although it was raining heavily, they continued their hike, and they eventually reached the summit despite the challenging weather conditions.
১৮২.
We should read books to gain awareness. (Make it complex)
  1. We want to gain awareness and to we should read books.
  2. We should read books so that we can gain awareness.
  3. We should read books and gain awareness.
  4. We should read books for gaining awareness.
সঠিক উত্তর:
We should read books so that we can gain awareness.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
We should read books so that we can gain awareness.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple: We should read books to gain awareness.
• Compound: We should read books so that we can gain awareness.

• Subject + verb + to / in order to + verb যুক্ত  Simple Sentence কে  Complex Sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম: 
-  so that + verb + can/ could + verb এর base form + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- আর Infinitive এর পূর্বের clause টি অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- to / in order to এর স্থলে so that বা in order that বসে।
- এরপর একই subject পুনরায় হয়।
- verb এর পূর্বে may, might, can, could বসে।

Source: A passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
১৮৩.
Because of her illness, she stayed at home. [Complex]
  1. Although she was ill, she stayed at home.
  2. Since she was ill, she stayed at home.
  3. If she was ill, she stayed at home.
  4. Besides of she was ill, she stayed at home.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since she was ill, she stayed at home.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since she was ill, she stayed at home.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Because of যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Complex Sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:

• প্রথমে since বসে,
- subject বসে,
- verb বসে,
- Adjective/noun বসে,
- Comma বসে,
- অপর বাক্যটি বসে।

Simple: Because of his hard work, he passed the exam.
Complex: Since he worked hard, he passed the exam.

Simple: Because of her illness, she stayed at home.
Complex: Since she was ill, she stayed at home.

অপশন বিশ্লেষণ:
ক) Although she was ill, she stayed at home.
- “Although” মানে যদিও, যা বিরোধ বা বিপরীত সম্পর্ক বোঝায়, কারণের জন্য নয়।

গ) If she was ill, she stayed at home.
- “If” মানে শর্ত, কিন্তু এখানে কারণ বোঝানো হয়েছে, শর্ত নয়।

ঘ) Besides of she was ill, she stayed at home.
- “Besides of” ভুল preposition এবং অর্থ অসঙ্গত।

১৮৪.
In 1798, the Romantic period of English Literature was started. (Make it complex)
  1. It was in the year 1798 as the Romantic period of English Literature started.
  2. It was in the year 1798 that the Romantic period of English Literature was started.
  3. When it was 1798 the Romantic period of English Literature started.
  4. Since the 1798, the Romantic period of English Literature was started.
সঠিক উত্তর:
When it was 1798 the Romantic period of English Literature started.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
When it was 1798 the Romantic period of English Literature started.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple Sentence এ ‘In/At the the time of/on/at/ at the very moment’ থাকলে Complex Sentence এ When বসে।
- When দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে উভয় Clause কে আলাদা করার জন্য কেবল Comma বসে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক উত্তর - When it was 1798 the Romantic period of English Literature started.

• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
১৮৫.
"She studied diligently so that she could ace the exam." This is a -
  1. Compound Sentence
  2. Optative Sentence
  3. Complex Sentence
  4. Simple Sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex Sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex Sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
• "She studied diligently so that she could ace the exam."
→ This is a - Complex Sentence.
→ বাক্যটির Subordinate Clause- এর শুরুতে so that থাকায় বাক্যটি Complex Sentence.

Complex Sentence:
- যে sentence- এ একটি Principal Clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause থাকে, তাকে Complex Sentence বলে।
- Subordinate Clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত:
if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while ইত্যাদি থাকে।

More Examples of Complex Sentences:
- Although it was raining, they decided to go for a walk in the park.
- Because she had missed the bus, she had to call a cab to get to work.
- After the movie ended, we went to a nearby cafe for some coffee.
- Since they lived far away, they only visited their grandparents during the holidays.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৮৬.
Pay attention, or you will make mistakes. (Make it complex)
  1. If you are not pay attention, you will make mistakes.
  2. Though you do not pay attention, you will make mistakes.
  3. If you do not pay attention, you will make mistakes.
  4. If you do not pay attention, you will be make mistakes.
সঠিক উত্তর:
If you do not pay attention, you will make mistakes.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
If you do not pay attention, you will make mistakes.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Compound: Pay attention, or you will make mistakes.
- Complex: If you do not pay attention, you will make mistakes.

• 'Or' যুক্ত Compound sentence কে Complex sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে If বসে,
- subject + do not বসে,
- প্রদত্ত প্রথম clause টি বসে,
- comma (,) + দ্বিতীয় clause টি বসে।

• More Examples:
- Compound: Leave now, or you’ll be late.
- Complex: If you do not leave now, you’ll be late.

- Compound: Work hard or you cannot prosper in life.
- Complex: If you do not work hard, you cannot prosper in life.
১৮৭.
He is poor but he is honest. (Complex)
  1. He is poor and honest.
  2. Though he is poor, he is honest.
  3. Being poor, he is honest.
  4. Since he is poor, he is honest.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Though he is poor, he is honest.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Though he is poor, he is honest.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Compound sentence: He is poor but he is honest.
- Complex Sentence: Though he is poor, he is honest.

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি compound sentence.
- Compound sentence এ but থাকলে Complex sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Though/ Although ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- but উঠে গিয়ে কমা বসে।

• More examples:
- Compound: She is rich, but she is unhappy.
- Complex: Though she is rich, she is unhappy.

• Complex sentence:
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause -এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
১৮৮.
A truthful person is not afraid of anybody. (Make it complex)
  1. ক) A person who is truthful is not afraid of anybody. 
  2. খ) A truthful person is not afraid of anybody who is he.
  3. গ) A person is not afraid who is truthful.
  4. ঘ) It is a truthful person who is not afraid of anybody.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) A person who is truthful is not afraid of anybody. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) A person who is truthful is not afraid of anybody. 
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple এ Adjective + Noun থাকলে Complex এ Noun + who/ which/ that + be + Adjective বসে।
সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর - ক) A person who is truthful is not afraid of anybody. 
১৮৯.
“Tell me the address of the man” choose the complex form-
  1. ক) Tell me about the address of the man is.
  2. খ) Tell the address of the man.
  3. গ) Tell  me the what the address of the man is.
  4. ঘ) Tell me what the address of the man is.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Tell me what the address of the man is.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Tell me what the address of the man is.
ব্যাখ্যা
Complex Sentence
কোন complex sentence এ দুইটি অংশ থাকে,

সেগুলো হলো:

»Principal clause- বাক্যে স্বাধীন ভাবে ব্যবহার করা যায়।
»subordinate clause- পুরোপুরি অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য Principal clause এর উপর নির্ভর করে থাকে।
- আর দুইটি অংশের conjuction হিসেবে who,which,what প্রভৃতি ব্যবহৃত হয়ে থাকে।

- অতএব সঠিক উত্তর হবে “Tell me what the address of the man is.”

Source: Advanced Learner’s HSC Communicative English grammar & composition, Chowdhury & Hossain
১৯০.
Which is the complex sentence: ‘Unfortunately, he failed'-
  1. ক) He is unfortunately failed.
  2. খ) It is unforunately that he failed.
  3. গ) He is failded unfortunately.
  4. ঘ) It is unfortunate that he failed.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) It is unfortunate that he failed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) It is unfortunate that he failed.
ব্যাখ্যা
যে Sentence এ একটি Principle Clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause (if, though, as because, since, that ,when , why, who, while ইত্যাদি) থাকে, তাকে Complex Sentence বলে।
১৯১.
Which one is a complex sentence?
  1. I read more in order to get the job.
  2. I read more so that I can make good result.
  3. I read more and I can make a good result.
  4. I read more but I can't make a good result.
সঠিক উত্তর:
I read more so that I can make good result.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
I read more so that I can make good result.
ব্যাখ্যা
Simple sentence-পরবর্তী অংশটি in order to দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে। কিন্তু Complex Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে in order that/so that +sub +may/might দ্বারা পরবর্তী অংশ গঠিত হয়।
সুতরাং, I read more so that I can make good result হল একটি Complex Sentence।
১৯২.
He works hard to prosper in life.(make it complex)
  1. He works hard and prospers in life.
  2. He works hard so that he can prosper in life.
  3. Working hard, he prosper in life.
  4. He works hard; therefore, he prospers in life.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He works hard so that he can prosper in life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He works hard so that he can prosper in life.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: He works hard so that he can prosper in life.
- Simple sentence এ পূর্ববর্তী verb কে modify করতে infinitive (to+verb) বদলে তার Complex sentence এ infinitive কে so that + clause এ পরিণত করতে হয়।

• Simple sentence কে Complex Sentence এর নিয়ম:
- মূল বাক্যটি একটি উদ্দেশ্যসূচক বাক্য।
- এটি একটি Complex Sentence এ পরিবর্তন করতে হলে কারণ বা উদ্দেশ্য নির্দেশ করতে হবে।
- "infinitive" এর বদলে তার Complex sentence এ infinitive এর পরিবর্তে "so that" ব্যবহার করতে হবে।
- তারপর উক্ত sentence এর Subject টি পুনরায় বসবে 
- তারপর Infinitive এর পরবর্তী অংশটি বসবে

Other options:
ক) He works hard and prospers in life.
- Clause marker হিসেবে "and" যুক্ত হওয়ায় এটি Compound sentence. Complex sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে "and" ব্যবহার করা হয় না ।তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

গ) Working hard, he passed the exam. 
- Present participle phrase ব্যবহার সরল বাক্য গঠন করা হয়েছে। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

ঘ) He works hard; therefore, he prospers in life.
- দুটি স্বাধীন বাক্য যুক্ত করেছে, তাই এটি Compound sentence।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৯৩.
He gave me a dress which was expensive. (Make it simple)
  1. He gave me a dress expensive.
  2. He gave me a dress and it was expensive.
  3. He gave me a expensive dress.
  4. He gave me an expensive dress.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He gave me an expensive dress.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He gave me an expensive dress.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Subject+ verb+ object+ relative pronoun ( who/ which/ that)+ যুক্ত complex sentence কে simple করার নিয়ম-

- প্রদত্ত sentence টির প্রথম থেকে relative pronoun ( who, which, that) এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে +
- relative pronoun টি উঠে যায় +
- relative pronoun এরপরে সাহায্যকারী ক্রিয়া থাকলে উঠে যায় +
- পরে যে মূল verb থাকে সেই মূল verb এর present form এর সাথে ing যোগ করতে হয় +
- বাকী অংশ বসে। 

Example: 
complex: The writer lived in a cabin that belonged to the orphanage.
simple: The writer lived in a cabin belonging to the orphanage.

সুতরাং সঠিক উত্তর হবে- He gave me an expensive dress.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
১৯৪.
"Since it was raining, they stayed indoors and played board games." This is a -
  1. Simple Sentence
  2. Complex Sentence
  3. Optative Sentence
  4. Compound Sentence
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex Sentence
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Complex Sentence
ব্যাখ্যা
• "Since it was raining, they stayed indoors and played board games."
→ This is a - Complex Sentence.
→ বাক্যটির Subordinate Clause- এর শুরুতে so that থাকায় বাক্যটি Complex Sentence.

Complex Sentence:
- যে sentence- এ একটি Principal Clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate Clause থাকে, তাকে Complex Sentence বলে।
- Subordinate Clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত:
if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while ইত্যাদি থাকে।

More Examples of Complex Sentences:
- Although it was raining, they decided to go for a walk in the park.
- Because she had missed the bus, she had to call a cab to get to work.
- After the movie ended, we went to a nearby cafe for some coffee.
- Since they lived far away, they only visited their grandparents during the holidays.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৯৫.
After the arriving of the guest, we left for the market. (Make it complex)
  1. ক) When the guest arrived, we left for the market.
  2. খ) After the guest had arrived, we left for the market.
  3. গ) Since the guest had arrived, we left for the market.
  4. ঘ) Both a + b
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Both a + b
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Both a + b
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর - Both a + b.

• Before/after/ ইত্যাদি যুক্ত simple sentence কে complex এ পরিণত করতে দুইটি নিয়ম অনুসরণ করা যায়।
- Sequence of tense এর নিয়মানুযায়ী যদি after যুক্ত clause টি past perfect tense এ হয়, তবে পরের cluse টি past indefinite এ হবে।
- অর্থাৎ,
- প্রথমে After বসবে।
- এরপর subject + verb এর past perfect form বসে
- তারপর দ্বিতীয় subject + verb এর past form বসে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক complex sentence টি হচ্ছে - After the guest had arrived, we left for the market.

• আবার, 
- After এর পরিবর্তে when বসে, 
- verb এর past indefinite form বসে
- দ্বিতীয় subject + বাকি অংশ।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক complex sentence টি হচ্ছে - When the guest arrived, we left for the market.
১৯৬.
The complex form of: He was too tired to continue working.
  1. He was tired but continued working.
  2. He was so tired that he didn't continue working.
  3. He was so tired that he could not continue working.
  4. He was very tired and he continued working.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He was so tired that he could not continue working.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He was so tired that he could not continue working.
ব্যাখ্যা
- Simple: He was too tired to continue working.
- Complex: He was so tired that he could not continue working.

• Too + --- + to যুক্ত Simple sentence- কে Complex sentence এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Subject + verb এরপরে প্রথম too এর জায়গায় so বসে।
- Too + --- + to এর মাঝের Adjective word টি বসে।
- that বসে।
- প্রথম subject টি বসে।
- tense অনুযায়ী can not/ could not বসে।
- to উঠে যায় ।
- বাকী অংশ বসে।

• More example:
- Simple: Rony is too sick to go outside.
- Complex: Rony is so sick that he can not go outside.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৯৭.
Because of her illness, she missed the exam. (complex)
  1. Since she was ill, she miss the exam.
  2. Since she was ill, she missed the exam.
  3. If she was ill, she missed the exam.
  4. Besides of she was ill, she mised the exam.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since she was ill, she missed the exam.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since she was ill, she missed the exam.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Because of যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Complex-এ পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Simple sentence এ because of থাকলে Complex sentence এ Since/ as ব্যবহৃত হয়,
- Subject বসে + Verb বসে,
- Adjective /Noun বসে,
- Comma বসে,
- অপর বাক্যটি বসে।

Simple: Because of his dedication, the project was successful.
Complex: Since he was dedicated, the project was successful.

Simple: Because of her illness, she missed the exam.
Complex: Since she was ill, she missed the exam.
১৯৮.
He did it for the benefit of the common people. (Make it complex)
  1. ক) He did it so that the common people could be benefitted.
  2. খ) He did it so that he can benefit the common people.
  3. গ) He did it so that the common people can be benefitted.
  4. ঘ) He did it as the common people will be benefitted.
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) He did it so that the common people could be benefitted.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) He did it so that the common people could be benefitted.
ব্যাখ্যা
For দিয়ে এখানে উদ্দেশ্য বুঝাচ্ছে, তাই এর পরিবর্তে Complex Sentence এ so that বসাতে হবে।
মূল Clause টা Past Tense হওয়ায় so that এর পর could বসবে।
The common people মূল বাক্যে Object হিসেবে রয়েছে, কিন্তু এখানে Subject এ পরিণত হওয়ায় বাক্যটি Passive Voice এ হবে।

সঠিক বাক্য: He did it so that the common people could be benefitted.
১৯৯.
In 2020, they moved to a new city. (Complex)
  1. When it was in 2020, so they moved to a new city.
  2. When it was in 2020, they moved to a new city.
  3. It was in the year 2020 since they moved to a new city.
  4. When it was 2020, they moved to a new city.
সঠিক উত্তর:
When it was 2020, they moved to a new city.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
When it was 2020, they moved to a new city.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Simple Sentence এ ‘In/At the the time of/on/at/ at the very moment’ থাকলে Complex Sentence এ When বসে।
- When দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হলে উভয় Clause কে আলাদা করার জন্য কেবল Comma বসে।

Simple: In 2020, they moved to a new city.
Complex: When it was 2020, they moved to a new city.

• Complex sentence: 
- যে sentence এ একটি Principal clause এবং এক বা একাধিক Subordinate clause থাকে, তাকে Complex sentence বলে। 
- Complex sentence এর subordinate clause এর শুরুতে সাধারণত if, though, although, as, because, since, so that, that, until, till, unless, when, why, who, which, where, how, before, after, whether, while বসে।
২০০.
Because of their playing well, they won the game. (make it complex)
  1. Though they played well, they won the game.
  2. Though they play well, they won the game.
  3. Since they play well, they won the game.
  4. Since they played well, they won the game.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since they played well, they won the game.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Since they played well, they won the game.
ব্যাখ্যা

Because of যুক্ত Simple Sentence কে Complex Sentence এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে since বসে,
- subject বসে,
- verb বসে,
- Adjective/noun বসে,
- Comma বসে,
- অপর বাক্যটি বসে।

• Simple sentence: Because of their playing well, they won the game.
• Complex sentence: Since they played well, they won the game.

Example:
- Simple sentence: Because of his hard work, he passed the exam.
- Complex sentence: Since he worked hard, he passed the exam.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English by Chowdhury and Hossain.