২০১.
Hormones secreted by kidneys excludes
ব্যাখ্যা
Hormones secreted by kidneys
• Erythropoietin
• Thrombopoietin
• Renin
• 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (calcitriol)
• Prostaglandins.
PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন
Physiology
Physiology
PrepBank · পাতা ৩ / ৯ · ২০১–৩০০ / ৮৮৮
২০২.
Which hormone has permissive action?
ব্যাখ্যা
Cortisol has permissive action on glucagon & catecholamine
২০৩.
A/T ratio of DNA
২০৪.
Lactate is not the major product exported from
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 187
Lactate is the major product exported from
Brain
Muscle
RBC
Lactate is the major product exported from
Brain
Muscle
RBC
২০৫.
lowest component of surfactant
ব্যাখ্যা
Ganong 26 th p 619-620
২০৬.
Sertoli cells are stimulated by
২০৭.
The most important early effect after administration of TSH is
ব্যাখ্যা
TSH, also known as thyrotropin, is an anterior pituitary hormone; it is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 28,000. This hormone increases secretion of thyroxine and triiodothyronine by the thyroid gland. It has the following specific effects on the thyroid gland:
1. Increased proteolysis of thyroglobulin that has already been stored in the follicles, releasing the thyroid hormones into the circulating blood and diminishing the follicular substance
2. Increased activity of the iodide pump, which increases the rate of "iodide trapping" in the glandular cells, sometimes increasing the ratio of intracellular to extracellular iodide concentration in the glandu- lar substance to as much as eight times normal
3. Increased iodination of tyrosine to form the thyroid hormones
4. Increased size and increased secretory activity of the thyroid cells
5. Increased number of thyroid cells plus a change from cuboidal to columnar cells and much infolding of the thyroid epithelium into the follicles
In summary, TSH increases all the known secretory activities of the thyroid glandular cells.
The most important early effect after administration of TSH is to initiate proteolysis of thyroglobulin, which causes release of thyroxine and triiodothyronine into the blood within 30 minutes. The other effects require hours or even days and weeks to develop fully.
1. Increased proteolysis of thyroglobulin that has already been stored in the follicles, releasing the thyroid hormones into the circulating blood and diminishing the follicular substance
2. Increased activity of the iodide pump, which increases the rate of "iodide trapping" in the glandular cells, sometimes increasing the ratio of intracellular to extracellular iodide concentration in the glandu- lar substance to as much as eight times normal
3. Increased iodination of tyrosine to form the thyroid hormones
4. Increased size and increased secretory activity of the thyroid cells
5. Increased number of thyroid cells plus a change from cuboidal to columnar cells and much infolding of the thyroid epithelium into the follicles
In summary, TSH increases all the known secretory activities of the thyroid glandular cells.
The most important early effect after administration of TSH is to initiate proteolysis of thyroglobulin, which causes release of thyroxine and triiodothyronine into the blood within 30 minutes. The other effects require hours or even days and weeks to develop fully.
২০৮.
Alpha cell is responsible for
২০৯.
Whuch of the following not involved in Maintenance stage of metabolic alkalosis
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 376
Maintenance stage of metabolic alkalosis
1.Hypovolemia
2.Hypocloremia
3.Hypokalemia
4.Primary hyperaldosteronism
Maintenance stage of metabolic alkalosis
1.Hypovolemia
2.Hypocloremia
3.Hypokalemia
4.Primary hyperaldosteronism
২১০.
Renal autoregulation is important to maintain the
ব্যাখ্যা
Renal autoregulation is important to maintain the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Blood flow to kidneys remains normal even when the mean arterial blood pressure vary widely between 60 mm Hg and 180 mmHg. This helps to maintain normal GFR.
২১১.
Component absent in serum:
২১২.
Maximum calories (/g) is derived from
২১৩.
Largeset dural fold is
ব্যাখ্যা
The falx cerebri is Largeset dural fold which seperates two separtes two cerebral hemisphere
Snell 8th - 431
Falx cerebri: separates left and right cerebral hemispheres. Located in the longitudinal cerebral fissure
- Tentorium cerebelli: Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
- Diaphragma sellae: Forms a lid or roof over the hypophysial fossa of sphenoid, covering the pituitary gland.
Snell 8th - 431
Falx cerebri: separates left and right cerebral hemispheres. Located in the longitudinal cerebral fissure
- Tentorium cerebelli: Separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum
- Diaphragma sellae: Forms a lid or roof over the hypophysial fossa of sphenoid, covering the pituitary gland.
২১৪.
Ovulation occurs at day
২১৫.
In smooth muscle acetylcholine bind with___ receptors.
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-115]
২১৬.
SGLT 2 is found in
২১৭.
Passive motion of an extremity meets with a dead resistance in Parkinsonism is called
২১৮.
Most of thyroid hormone is bound to plasma protein...?
ব্যাখ্যা
Both T4 & T3 are mostly bound to thyroxine binding Globulin (TBG)
২১৯.
You are told by your registrar that one of your inpatients has been diagnosed with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Your registrar suspects that the patient may have an associated condition. Primary sclerosing cholangitis is associated with which of the following diseases?
ব্যাখ্যা
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
28 D Eighty to 100 per cent of patients with PSC will have ulcerative colitis (D). On the other hand, 3 per cent of patients with ulcerative colitis will have PSC. Thyroid disease (A), systemic sclerosis (B) and rheumatoid arthritis (C) are associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.
28 D Eighty to 100 per cent of patients with PSC will have ulcerative colitis (D). On the other hand, 3 per cent of patients with ulcerative colitis will have PSC. Thyroid disease (A), systemic sclerosis (B) and rheumatoid arthritis (C) are associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.
২২০.
Ascending tract of posterior column
২২১.
Corticospinal tract lesion leads to
ব্যাখ্যা
Corticospinal tract lesion leads to develp features of upper motor neuron lesion.
Features of Upper motor neuron lesion-
-Increased muscle tone with clonus
-Spastic paralysis
-Superficial reflexes are absent
-Deep tendon reflexes are increased
-Planter response extensor
২২২.
Normal GFR is .... L/day?
ব্যাখ্যা
Normally, GFR is about 180 L/day, and tubular reabsorption is 178.5 L/day, leaving 1.5 L/day of fluid to be excreted in the urine.
২২৩.
Which play an important role in the defence mechanism of the body against the parasites?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Eosinophils play an important role in the defence mechanism of the body against the parasites. During parasitic infections, there is a production of a large number of eosinophils which move towards the tissues affected by parasites. Eosinophil count increases also during allergic diseases like asthma.
Eosinophils play an important role in the defence mechanism of the body against the parasites. During parasitic infections, there is a production of a large number of eosinophils which move towards the tissues affected by parasites. Eosinophil count increases also during allergic diseases like asthma.
২২৪.
Regarding myxedema which is not fitted
২২৫.
Which promotes uterine contraction?
২২৬.
What is not the example of transcellular fluid-?
ব্যাখ্যা
Transcellular fluids are-
-CSF
-Synovial fluid
-Peritoneal fluid
-Pleural fluid
-pericardial fluid
-Intraocular fluid (Aqueous humor)
-Fluids in the lumen of GIT
-Fluid in lumen of nephron(urine)&Sweat
Oedema fluid is not transcellular fluid.
২২৭.
Blood clotting factor III
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-565]
২২৮.
Most potent vasodilator
ব্যাখ্যা
কোন ব্যাখ্যা যোগ হয় নি।
২২৯.
Which factor inhibits hypothalamus for thyroid hormone synthesis?
২৩০.
What is the basic differentiating point between plasma & ISF in case of composition?
ব্যাখ্যা
Interstitial fluid is three-fourths of the ECF. Thus, it is one-fourth of TBW. The composition of interstitial fluid is the same as that of plasma except that it has little protein. Thus, interstitial fluid is an ultrafiltrate of plasma.
২৩১.
Vagus nuclei are
২৩২.
Cardiovascular effects of thyroid hormone exclude
২৩৩.
Cause of lymphocytopenia
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Lymphocytopenia:
Decrease in lymphocyte count in
• AIDS
• Hodgkin’s disease (cancer of lymphatic system)
• Malnutrition
• Radiation therapy
• Steroid administration
২৩৪.
Most common form of calcium is
২৩৫.
The development of thermoanesthesis below the level of T4 is due to
ব্যাখ্যা
Block of ASA- block blood supply of Ant 2/3rd of Spinal Cord-Bilateral Thermoanesthesia
(Damage to Spinothalamic tract lesion in both lateral white columns)
Snell 8th - 487
(Damage to Spinothalamic tract lesion in both lateral white columns)
Snell 8th - 487
২৩৬.
RMP of Never fiber-
ব্যাখ্যা
[Guyton 13th p-65]
২৩৭.
Exclusive sympathetic innervation prevail in
২৩৮.
Conn's syndrome
ব্যাখ্যা
With renin low and aldosterone high (primary hyperaldosteronism)
· Adrenal adenoma secreting aldosterone (Conn's syndrome)
· Idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
· Glucocorticoid-suppressible hyperaldosteronism (rare)
· Adrenal adenoma secreting aldosterone (Conn's syndrome)
· Idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
· Glucocorticoid-suppressible hyperaldosteronism (rare)
২৩৯.
Sertoli cells do not secret
ব্যাখ্যা
Sertoli cells
1. Inhibin
2. Androgen-binding protein (ABP)
3. Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS)
4. Estrogen
1. Inhibin
2. Androgen-binding protein (ABP)
3. Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS)
4. Estrogen
২৪০.
A 53-year-old man with HIV suffers a ruptured aortic aneurysm and is rushed into theatre, he undergoes a successful operation and is recovering on the wards in a stable condition. One day after the operation, he becomes oliguric with mildly elevated urea and creatinine. After 1 week, he becomes polyuric with a GFR of 30. The most likely diagnosis is:
ব্যাখ্যা
Acute tubular necrosis is most commonly due to renal ischaemia, as in this case, though direct pharmacological toxicity can also be the cause among many others including haemorrhage, diuretics, contrast during radiological procedures and heart failure. The clinical course is dependent on the offending factor and degree of damage but most commonly early oliguria followed by recovery of renal function with an increase in renal output. GFR, however, may remain low due to tubular damage. Full renal capacity is usually regained within 6 weeks of the initial stressor. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) (A) defines the acute injury to the kidney from RBC fragmentation which usually originates from thrombosis within arteries. HUS is therefore the triad of microangiopathic haemolysis, thrombocytopenia
২৪১.
Fish oil contain ___________ fatty acid
ব্যাখ্যা
Fish oil contain omega 3 fatty acid
২৪২.
Which is not compatible with PHP
২৪৩.
Fumerate is produced from
ব্যাখ্যা
Fumerate is produced from Phe, Tyr
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 182
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 182
২৪৪.
In which ccondition frog like husky voice is found?
ব্যাখ্যা
Myxedema can be diagnosed over telephone by hearing frog like husky voice.
২৪৫.
Site of blood cell production at developing fetus
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Developing fetus- mesoderm of yolk sac
Early fetal life- liver, spleen, thymus
Late fetal life- red bone marrow
২৪৬.
Vestibular ganglion is first order neuron of
ব্যাখ্যা
Vestibular ganglion is first order neuron of balance or equilibrium
২৪৭.
NOS has..... Isoform
ব্যাখ্যা
NOS has three isoform inos, pnos
২৪৮.
Haeme containing proteins excludes
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Haeme containing proteins:
• Haemoglobin
• Myoglobin
• Cytochrome C
২৪৯.
ERV + RV = ?
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 496
২৫০.
Closure of semilunar valve which heart sound produce
২৫১.
Most diagnostic for asthma
ব্যাখ্যা
কোন ব্যাখ্যা যোগ হয় নি।
২৫২.
Golgi tendon organ sensory supply
ব্যাখ্যা
Golgi tendon organ
1.Present in muscle-tendon junction
2. Sensory Supply-Only Ib type
3. Alpha motor only
4. Regulates musle tension
5. Reflexes are inhibitory.
1.Present in muscle-tendon junction
2. Sensory Supply-Only Ib type
3. Alpha motor only
4. Regulates musle tension
5. Reflexes are inhibitory.
২৫৩.
Stages of hemostasis excludes
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Stages of hemostasis
When a blood vessel is injured, the injury initiates a series of reactions, resulting in hemostasis. It occurs in three stages
1. Vasoconstriction
2. Platelet plug formation
3. Coagulation of blood.
২৫৪.
Which one of following is not a lysosomal enzyme-?
ব্যাখ্যা
★Lysosomal enzymes are-
-Ribonuclease
-Deoxyribonuclease
-Phosphate
-Glycosidases
-Arylsylfatases
-Collagenase
-Cathepsins
-Phospholipase
২৫৫.
The first effect of leukemia is
ব্যাখ্যা
Effects of Leukemia on the Body
The first effect of leukemia is metastatic growth of leukemic cells in abnormal areas of the body. Leukemic cells from the bone marrow may reproduce so much that they invade the surrounding bone, causing pain and, eventually, a tendency for bones to fracture easily.
Almost all leukemias eventually spread to the spleen, lymph nodes, liver, and other vascular regions, regardless of whether the leukemia originated in the bone marrow or lymph nodes.
Common effects in leukemia are the development of infection, severe anemia, and a bleeding tendency caused by thrombocytopenia (lack of platelets). These effects result mainly from displacement of the normal bone marrow and lymphoid cells by the nonfunctional leukemic cells.
Finally, an important effect of leukemia on the body is excessive use of metabolic substrates by the growing cancerous cells. The leukemic tissues reproduce new cells so rapidly that tremendous demands are made on the body reserves for foodstuffs, specific amino acids, and vitamins. Consequently, the energy of the patient is greatly depleted, and excessive utilization of amino acids by leukemic cells causes especially rapid deterioration of the normal protein tissues of the body. Thus, while the leukemic tissues grow, other tissues become debilitated. After metabolic starvation has continued long enough, this factor alone is sufficient to cause death.
Bibliography
David BA, Kubes P: Exploring the complex role of chemokines and chemoattractants in vivo on leukocyte dynamics Immunol Re
The first effect of leukemia is metastatic growth of leukemic cells in abnormal areas of the body. Leukemic cells from the bone marrow may reproduce so much that they invade the surrounding bone, causing pain and, eventually, a tendency for bones to fracture easily.
Almost all leukemias eventually spread to the spleen, lymph nodes, liver, and other vascular regions, regardless of whether the leukemia originated in the bone marrow or lymph nodes.
Common effects in leukemia are the development of infection, severe anemia, and a bleeding tendency caused by thrombocytopenia (lack of platelets). These effects result mainly from displacement of the normal bone marrow and lymphoid cells by the nonfunctional leukemic cells.
Finally, an important effect of leukemia on the body is excessive use of metabolic substrates by the growing cancerous cells. The leukemic tissues reproduce new cells so rapidly that tremendous demands are made on the body reserves for foodstuffs, specific amino acids, and vitamins. Consequently, the energy of the patient is greatly depleted, and excessive utilization of amino acids by leukemic cells causes especially rapid deterioration of the normal protein tissues of the body. Thus, while the leukemic tissues grow, other tissues become debilitated. After metabolic starvation has continued long enough, this factor alone is sufficient to cause death.
Bibliography
David BA, Kubes P: Exploring the complex role of chemokines and chemoattractants in vivo on leukocyte dynamics Immunol Re
২৫৬.
The blood volume of the lungs is about...ml
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 504
২৫৭.
Heart rate is accelerated by
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference-Ganong physiology/26th/P-580/T-32-3
২৫৮.
PCV increases in
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
PCV decreases in:
• Anemia
• Cirrhosis of liver
• Pregnancy
• Hemorrhage due to ectopic pregnancy
২৫৯.
What is the excitatory cell of cerebellum?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Climbing & Mossy fibres,Granule cells are excitatory neuron in cerebellum.Stellate,basket,golgi & purkinje cells are inhibitory neuron of cerebellum.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Table-150.2)
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Table-150.2)
২৬০.
Which is not a feature of Tabes Paresis
ব্যাখ্যা
Tabes Dorsalis morphology:
DORSALIS
1. Dorsal column degeneration
2. Orthopedic pain (Charcot joints)
3. Reflexes decreased (deep tendon)
4. Shooting pain
5. Argyll-Robertson pupils
6. Locomotor ataxia
7. Impaired proprioception
8. Syphilis
DORSALIS
1. Dorsal column degeneration
2. Orthopedic pain (Charcot joints)
3. Reflexes decreased (deep tendon)
4. Shooting pain
5. Argyll-Robertson pupils
6. Locomotor ataxia
7. Impaired proprioception
8. Syphilis
২৬১.
Inhibitor of enzyme enolase
২৬২.
Tract carries pain and temperature from opposite side
ব্যাখ্যা
Tract carries pain and temperature from opposite side is spinothalamic tract.
২৬৩.
Pacinian corpuscles are absent in
২৬৪.
Intracellular fluid contains large amount of
২৬৫.
Anemic Hypoxia
ব্যাখ্যা
Anemic Hypoxia
CO poisoining
Stagnant/Ischemic hypoxia
CCF,He,Shock
Histotoxic hypoxia
Cyanide Posoining,Narcotics
CO poisoining
Stagnant/Ischemic hypoxia
CCF,He,Shock
Histotoxic hypoxia
Cyanide Posoining,Narcotics
২৬৬.
Which are the major sites of resistance of circulation?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Arterioles are the major site of the resistance to blood flow. So, arterioles are the stop clocks of the circulation.
Arterioles are the major site of the resistance to blood flow. So, arterioles are the stop clocks of the circulation.
২৬৭.
Pulse pressure does not depend on
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Pulse pressure
Is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. Normal pulse pressure is 30 - 60 mm Hg (average 50 mm Hg).
Pulse pressure depends on three factors:
• Age
• Stroke volume
• Arterial elastic constant
২৬৮.
A fall in plasma Na+ concentration -?
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference- Rodde physiology/6th/Q-48
২৬৯.
Which of the followings act as taste recptor cell in taste bud?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Type of Cells in Taste Bud
1. Type I cells or sustentacular cells
2. Type II cells
3. Type III cells
4. Type IV cells or basal cells.
Type I cells and type IV cells are supporting cells. Type III cells are the taste receptor cells. Function of type II cell is unknown.
২৭০.
To maintain normal H+ balance, total daily excretion of H+ should equal the daily
ব্যাখ্যা
Total daily production of fixed H+ from catabolism of proteins and phospholipids (plus any additional fixed H+ that is ingested) must be matched by the sum of excretion of H+ as titratable acid plus NH4+ to maintain acid–base balance.
২৭১.
Which is not a part of Penile erection initiation
ব্যাখ্যা
In penile erection initial penile vascular engorgement ias controlled by PNS part of ANS( S2,S3,S4 segments of spinal cord)
Erection and ejaculation
Erection and ejaculation are regulated by the autonomic innervation of the penis. The parasympathetic stimulation is excitatory for the penis, as it causes the erection. The parasympathetic stimuli relax the smooth musculature of the corpora cavernosa and produce vasodilation in the helicine arteries. The helicine arteries then fill the corpora cavernosa, compressing the venous outflow from the penis. This process is called the veno-occlusive mechanism and it results with penile erection.
On the other hand, the inhibitory sympathetic stimuli cause the ejaculation when the critical level of sexual excitement has been reached. The ejaculation process can be divided into two phases. In the first phase, the sympathetic stimuli cause the vasoconstriction of helicine arteries, contraction of the smooth muscle cells within the septa of corpus spongiosum and contraction seminal vesicles and prostate. This results in accumulation of seminal fluid into the proximal part of the urethra. During the second phase, the bulbospongiosus muscle contracts and expels the seminal fluid through the urethra (ejaculation). When the ejaculation is finished the penis returns into the flaccid state. An individual normally produces 3-5 ml of semen per one ejaculation which contains about 300 million sperm cells.
Snell 8th - 402
Erection and ejaculation
Erection and ejaculation are regulated by the autonomic innervation of the penis. The parasympathetic stimulation is excitatory for the penis, as it causes the erection. The parasympathetic stimuli relax the smooth musculature of the corpora cavernosa and produce vasodilation in the helicine arteries. The helicine arteries then fill the corpora cavernosa, compressing the venous outflow from the penis. This process is called the veno-occlusive mechanism and it results with penile erection.
On the other hand, the inhibitory sympathetic stimuli cause the ejaculation when the critical level of sexual excitement has been reached. The ejaculation process can be divided into two phases. In the first phase, the sympathetic stimuli cause the vasoconstriction of helicine arteries, contraction of the smooth muscle cells within the septa of corpus spongiosum and contraction seminal vesicles and prostate. This results in accumulation of seminal fluid into the proximal part of the urethra. During the second phase, the bulbospongiosus muscle contracts and expels the seminal fluid through the urethra (ejaculation). When the ejaculation is finished the penis returns into the flaccid state. An individual normally produces 3-5 ml of semen per one ejaculation which contains about 300 million sperm cells.
Snell 8th - 402
২৭২.
Cardiac cycle is the term used to describe the sequence of events that occur as the heart works to pump blood through the body. The opening of the atrioventricular(AV) valves occurs at about the same time in the cardiac cycle as-
ব্যাখ্যা
The second is a shorter, high-pitched “dub” (second sound), caused by vibrations associated with closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves just after the end of ventricular systole and beginning of diastole.
২৭৩.
Example of positive feedback mechanism except-
ব্যাখ্যা
[Guyton 13th 7]
২৭৪.
Calculate HCO3 deficit in a 70 kg man,measured HCO3=20 mmol/l
ব্যাখ্যা
HCO3 deficit= ( Normal HCO3- Measured HCO3)* HCO3 space
HCO3 space=30-50 % of TBW
HCO3 space=30-50 % of TBW
২৭৫.
Umami is a… word
২৭৬.
Insulin causes hypoglycemia by:
ব্যাখ্যা
Insulin causes hypoglycemia by:
1. Uptakes & oxidation of glucose by cells
2. Uptake & storage of glucose as glycogen in muscle & liver.
3. Uptake & utilization of glucose for lipogenesis & fat synthesis in adipocyte.
4. Inhibition of gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis
1. Uptakes & oxidation of glucose by cells
2. Uptake & storage of glucose as glycogen in muscle & liver.
3. Uptake & utilization of glucose for lipogenesis & fat synthesis in adipocyte.
4. Inhibition of gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis
২৭৭.
Find the true
ব্যাখ্যা
কোন ব্যাখ্যা যোগ হয় নি।
২৭৮.
An analysis of the lever systems of the body doesnot not depend on knowledge of the following:
ব্যাখ্যা
an analysis of the lever systems of the body depends on knowledge of the following:
(1) the point of muscle insertion;
(2) its distance from the fulcrum of the lever;
(3) the length of the lever arm;
and (4) the position of the lever.
(1) the point of muscle insertion;
(2) its distance from the fulcrum of the lever;
(3) the length of the lever arm;
and (4) the position of the lever.
২৭৯.
The earliest signs of organophosphate toxicity in OPC poisoing
২৮০.
Which one is secreted from C cell of thyroid?
ব্যাখ্যা
Others are secreted from follicular cell
২৮১.
Cardiac output is increased to highest limit in
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২৮২.
ou see a 67-year-old man who has been referred to the chest clinic following a three-month history of weight loss and signs which may suggest a Pancoast's tumour. Which of the following symptoms from the list below is not associated with a Pancoast's tumour?
ব্যাখ্যা
Pancoast's tumours are defined as tumours arising from the lung apex either on the left or right side. As the tumour grows it can compress structures such as the brachiocephalic vein, subclavian artery, recurrent laryngeal nerve (causing voice hoarseness (A), vagus nerve, phrenic nerve or compression of the sympathetic ganglion resulting in a group of symptoms known as Horner's syndrome (pupil constriction, enopthalmos sunken eye, ptosis (B) - drooping eyelid and ipsilateral anhydrosis (C) loss of sweating due to compression of sympathetic supply (thoracic outlet) to the face).
২৮৩.
Feature of UMNL
২৮৪.
BP on lower limb is measured over
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Site of blood pressure measurement
• Arms (over brachial artery)
• Thighs (over popliteal artery)
২৮৫.
Cause of metabolic alkalosis
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 374
২৮৬.
bulbar Palsy
২৮৭.
Which of the following is true regarding Visual pathway?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Optic tract is formed by uncrossed fibers of optic nerve on the same side and crossed fibers of optic nerve from the opposite side. Fibers from fovea do not enter superior colliculus. Supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus: It is concerned with the retinal control of pituitary in animals. But in human, it does not play any important role. Fibers from lateral geniculate body pass through internal capsule and form optic radiation.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 990,991)
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 990,991)
২৮৮.
Ptyalin is required in digestion of
২৮৯.
Which hormone has anti-inflammatory effect?
২৯০.
Which hormone prevents involution of corpus follicles?
ব্যাখ্যা
HGC prevents involution of corpus follicle.
২৯১.
Which is not included in Triad of Horner syndrome
২৯২.
Alpha rhythm most marked in
ব্যাখ্যা
In adult humans who are awake but at rest with the mind wandering and the eyes closed, the most prominent component of the EEG is a fairly regular pattern of waves at a frequency of 8–13 Hz.
This pattern is the alpha rhythm. It is most marked in the parietal and occipital lobes and is associated with decreased levels of attention. A similar rhythm has been observed in a wide variety of mammalian species.
This pattern is the alpha rhythm. It is most marked in the parietal and occipital lobes and is associated with decreased levels of attention. A similar rhythm has been observed in a wide variety of mammalian species.
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Macula Densa is accocied with following ion
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Histamin signals via
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Tigroid substances is absent from -
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Explanation : Nissl bodies or Nissl granules are small basophilic granules found in cytoplasm of neurons and are named after the discoverer. These bodies are present in soma and dendrite but not in axon and axon hillock. Nissl bodies are called tigroid substances.
Ref : Sembullingam 6th edition (Page- 760)
Ref : Sembullingam 6th edition (Page- 760)
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Metabolic response to trauma has -------------- phase in the body?
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Tetany occurs when plasma calcium level falls below …mg/dl
ব্যাখ্যা
Hypoparathyroidism leads to hypocalcemia, by decreasing the resorption of calcium from bones. Hypocalcemia causes neuromuscular hyperexcitability, resulting in hypocalcemic tetany. Normally, tetany occurs when plasma calcium level falls below 6 mg/dL from its normal value of 9.4 mg/dL.
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CPK 2 is found in
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Regarding blood supply of spinal cord
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Special points Regarding blood supply of spinal cord
1. Anastomosis is least efficient at the region of lateral columns
2. Cervical and lumbar segments have rich vascular supply
3. T1 to T4 segments are most vulnerable to ischemia
4. Anterior spinal artery thrombosis causes ischemia of anterior 2/3rd of the cord, sparing the posterior column, hence leads to dissociated sensory loss.
1. Anastomosis is least efficient at the region of lateral columns
2. Cervical and lumbar segments have rich vascular supply
3. T1 to T4 segments are most vulnerable to ischemia
4. Anterior spinal artery thrombosis causes ischemia of anterior 2/3rd of the cord, sparing the posterior column, hence leads to dissociated sensory loss.
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Renin also known as angiotensinogenase is circulating enzyme released mainly by JG cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidneys plasma renin levels are decreased in patients with-?
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Conditions that increase renin secretion-
-Na+ depletion
-Diuretics
- Hypotension
-Hemorrhage
-Upright posture
-Dehydration
-Cardiac failure
-Cirrhosis
-Constriction of renal artery or aorta
-Various psychological stimuli