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Blood & Hemostasis

মোট প্রশ্ন১১৯এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Blood & Hemostasis

PrepBank · পাতা ১ / ২ · ১–১০০ / ১১৯

১.
Which can occur in excessive transfusion of blood with acid citrate dextrose
  1. ক
    Hyperkalemia
  2. খ
    Hypokalemia
  3. গ
    Hypercalcaemia
  4. ঘ
    Hypocalcaemia
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Hypocalcaemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Hypocalcaemia
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Hypocalcaemia can occur in excessive transfusion of blood with acid citrate dextrose.
২.
Antibody produced by:
  1. ক
    T-cell
  2. খ
    B-cell
  3. গ
    Macrophage
  4. ঘ
    Neutrophil
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
B-cell
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
B-cell
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

1.Phagocytosis
2. Antibody formation by B cell
3. Immunity by T-cell, B cell,macrophage
4. Secretion of heparin by basophil and prevent intravascular blood coagulation 
5. Antihistamine action by eosinophil
6. Eosinophils kill parasites
৩.
Which blood group has no antigen
  1. ক
    ক) A
  2. খ
    খ) B
  3. গ
    গ) AB
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) O
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) O
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) O
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations: ‘O’ group has no antigen & AB group has no antibody.
৪.
fuzzy appearing on LM is seen in
  1. ক
    Acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma
  2. খ
    Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma
  3. গ
    Hairy cell leukemia
  4. ঘ
    Polycythemia vera
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Hairy cell leukemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Hairy cell leukemia
গ
৫.
In a patient taking OCP which one is not correct about Iron profile
  1. ক
    Serum Iron - Normal
  2. খ
    Serum Ferritin - Normal
  3. গ
    TIBC - Increased
  4. ঘ
    % saturation of TIBC- Increased
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
% saturation of TIBC- Increased
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
% saturation of TIBC- Increased
ঘ
৬.
Normal Methomoglobin level in Hb is
  1. ক
    2
  2. খ
    1
  3. গ
    3
  4. ঘ
    0.6
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
0.6
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
0.6
ঘ
৭.
Which is horse-shoe shape WBC:
  1. ক
    Neutrophil
  2. খ
    Eosinophil
  3. গ
    Basophil
  4. ঘ
    Monocyte
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Monocyte
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Monocyte
ঘ
৮.
Lymhpokine that induce Th 2 subset
  1. ক
    IL 1
  2. খ
    IL 2
  3. গ
    IL 4
  4. ঘ
    IL 17
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
IL 4
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
IL 4
গ
৯.
Decreased globulin level is found in
  1. ক
    CLD
  2. খ
    RA
  3. গ
    CkD
  4. ঘ
    Emphysema
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Emphysema
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Emphysema
ঘ
১০.
Granulocytes except:
  1. ক
    Neutrophil
  2. খ
    eosinophil
  3. গ
    Monocyte
  4. ঘ
    Basophil
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Monocyte
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Monocyte
গ
১১.
After massive blood transfusion in a patient, which of the following abnormality will occur?
  1. ক
    ক) Metabolic acidosis
  2. খ
    খ) Metabolic alkalosis
  3. গ
    গ) Respiratory acidosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Respiratory alkalosis
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Metabolic alkalosis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Metabolic alkalosis
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
After transfusion of stored blood citrate metabolized in body and Produce HCO3- leads to metabolic alkalosis (Citrate is anticoagulant in blood bag).
১২.
Which findings is not match with hemophilia:
  1. ক
    Bleeding time-Normal
  2. খ
    Clotting time- prolonged
  3. গ
    APTT- Normal
  4. ঘ
    Platelet count- Normal
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
APTT- Normal
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
APTT- Normal
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Important findings :

1. Bleeding time-Normal
2. Clotting time- prolonged
3. APTT- prolonged
4. Prothrombin time- Normal
5. Platelet count- Normal
১৩.
Antigen in RBC for O blood group:
  1. ক
    A
  2. খ
    B
  3. গ
    O
  4. ঘ
    No antigen
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
No antigen
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
No antigen
ঘ
১৪.
Most sensitive marker to asses severity of anemia
  1. ক
    CBC
  2. খ
    PBF
  3. গ
    Iron Profile
  4. ঘ
    Bone Marrow Examination
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
CBC
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
CBC
ক
১৫.
Immature RBC is called
  1. ক
    Proerythroblast
  2. খ
    Early normoblast
  3. গ
    Reticulocyte
  4. ঘ
    Intermediate normoblast.
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Reticulocyte
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Reticulocyte
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Reticulocyte is otherwise known as immature RBC. It is slightly larger than matured RBC. The cytoplasm contains the reticular network or reticulum, which is formed by remnants of disintegrated organelles. Due to the reticular network, the cell is called reticulocyte. The reticulum of reticulocyte stains with supravital stain.
১৬.
Site of synthesis of albumin
  1. ক
    Liver
  2. খ
    Spleen
  3. গ
    Plasma cell
  4. ঘ
    Bone marrow
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Liver
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Liver
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Most of plasma protein is synthesized from liver except gamma globulin from plasma cells.
১৭.
Which is essential for blood coagulation:
  1. ক
    Albumin
  2. খ
    ᵧ globulin
  3. গ
    Factor VII
  4. ঘ
    Prothrombin
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Prothrombin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Prothrombin
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
1st four clotting factor are essential
১৮.
Factor decreasing ESR
  1. ক
    ক) Specific gravity of RBC
  2. খ
    খ) Viscosity of blood
  3. গ
    গ) Rouleaux formation
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Increase in size of RBC
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Viscosity of blood
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Viscosity of blood
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
Factor increasing ESR
• Specific gravity of RBC
• Rouleaux formation
• Increase in size of RBC

Factors decreasing ESR:
• Viscosity of blood
• RBC count

১৯.
Properties of WBC excludes:
  1. ক
    Diapedesis
  2. খ
    Pinocytosis
  3. গ
    Phagocytosis
  4. ঘ
    Chemotaxsis
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Pinocytosis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Pinocytosis
খ
২০.
Which proportion of WBC found maximum:
  1. ক
    Macrophage
  2. খ
    Monocyte
  3. গ
    Neutrophil
  4. ঘ
    Eosinophil
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Neutrophil
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Neutrophil
গ
২১.
Amount of formed element in blood
  1. ক
    ক) 30%
  2. খ
    খ) 70%
  3. গ
    গ) 45%
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 55%
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 45%
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 45%
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations: Blood = Plasma (55%) + Formed elements (45%)
২২.
Erythropoitin is consist of.........AA
  1. ক
    135
  2. খ
    145
  3. গ
    155
  4. ঘ
    165
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
165
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
165
ঘ
২৩.
Normal Hb
  1. ক
    Hb F
  2. খ
    Hb C
  3. গ
    Hb S
  4. ঘ
    HB H
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Hb F
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Hb F
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Hb S, Hb C, Hb H, Hb Barts are abnormal Hb.
২৪.
Thrombomodulin is not produced from following blood vessel?
  1. ক
    Renal
  2. খ
    Coronary
  3. গ
    Cerebral
  4. ঘ
    Pulmonary
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Cerebral
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Cerebral
গ
২৫.
X-linked recessive disorder is:
  1. ক
    Erythroblastosis fetalis
  2. খ
    Hemophilia
  3. গ
    Rickets
  4. ঘ
    Fragile-X syndrome
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Hemophilia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Hemophilia
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Erythroblastosis fetalis-Hemolytic disease of newborn

Rickets, Fragile-X syndrome—X-linked dominant
২৬.
Intrinsic pathway take place when injury to-
  1. ক
    Tissue
  2. খ
    Blood
  3. গ
    Factor X
  4. ঘ
    Fibrinogen
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Blood
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Blood
খ
২৭.
You see a 56-year-old man in your clinic with suspected alcoholic liver disease. Liver function tests reveal a bilirubin of 36iu/L, AST of 150 iu/L, ALT 75iu/L and ALP 100iu/L.. Which of the following blood test parameters would support a diagnosis of alcoholic-related liver disease?
  1. ক
    Normal mean cell volume (MCV)
  2. খ
    Low MCV
  3. গ
    Normal mean cell haemoglobin (MCH)
  4. ঘ
    Raised MCV
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Raised MCV
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Raised MCV
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Macrocytosis, i.e. an elevated MCV (>96fL) of which the causes can be seen in:
megaloblastic anaemia secondary to vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency;
chronic alcoholism and/or alcoholic liver disease (most common causes of all causes of macrocytosis), pregnancy, hypothyroidism, reticulocytosis, aplastic anaemia, myelodysplastic syndromes and can also be caused by drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis (e.g. azathioprine);
an elevated MCV would suggest, along with the deranged LFTs, and support a diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease.
২৮.
Component absent in serum:
  1. ক
    Fibrinogen
  2. খ
    Thrombin
  3. গ
    Plasmin
  4. ঘ
    Neutrophil
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Fibrinogen
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Fibrinogen
ক
২৯.
Which play an important role in the defence mechanism of the body against the parasites?
  1. ক
    ক) Neutrophil
  2. খ
    খ) Basophil
  3. গ
    গ) Eosinophils
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Monocyte
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Eosinophils
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Eosinophils
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Eosinophils play an important role in the defence mechanism of the body against the parasites. During parasitic infections, there is a production of a large number of eosinophils which move towards the tissues affected by parasites. Eosinophil count increases also during allergic diseases like asthma.
৩০.
Blood clotting factor III
  1. ক
    ক) Fibrinogen
  2. খ
    খ) Thromboplastin
  3. গ
    গ) Prothrombin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Calcium
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Thromboplastin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Thromboplastin
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-565]
৩১.
Cause of lymphocytopenia
  1. ক
    TB
  2. খ
    Mumps
  3. গ
    AIDS
  4. ঘ
    Diphtheria
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
AIDS
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
AIDS
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
Lymphocytopenia:
Decrease in lymphocyte count in
• AIDS
• Hodgkin’s disease (cancer of lymphatic system)
• Malnutrition
• Radiation therapy
• Steroid administration

৩২.
Site of blood cell production at developing fetus
  1. ক
    ক) Yolk sac
  2. খ
    খ) Liver
  3. গ
    গ) Thymus
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Red Bone marrow
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Yolk sac
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Yolk sac
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
Developing fetus- mesoderm of yolk sac
Early fetal life- liver, spleen, thymus
Late fetal life- red bone marrow

৩৩.
Haeme containing proteins excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Haemoglobin
  2. খ
    খ) Inositol
  3. গ
    গ) Myoglobin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cytochrome C
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Inositol
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Inositol
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
Haeme containing proteins:
• Haemoglobin
• Myoglobin
• Cytochrome C

৩৪.
Stages of hemostasis excludes
  1. ক
    Endothelial imjury
  2. খ
    Vasoconstriction
  3. গ
    Platelet plug formation
  4. ঘ
    Coagulation of blood.
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Endothelial imjury
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Endothelial imjury
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
Stages of hemostasis
When a blood vessel is injured, the injury initiates a series of reactions, resulting in hemostasis. It occurs in three stages
1. Vasoconstriction
2. Platelet plug formation
3. Coagulation of blood.

৩৫.
The first effect of leukemia is
  1. ক
    Anemia
  2. খ
    Bleeding
  3. গ
    Infection
  4. ঘ
    Metastatic growth
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Metastatic growth
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Metastatic growth
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Effects of Leukemia on the Body
The first effect of leukemia is metastatic growth of leukemic cells in abnormal areas of the body. Leukemic cells from the bone marrow may reproduce so much that they invade the surrounding bone, causing pain and, eventually, a tendency for bones to fracture easily.
Almost all leukemias eventually spread to the spleen, lymph nodes, liver, and other vascular regions, regardless of whether the leukemia originated in the bone marrow or lymph nodes.
Common effects in leukemia are the development of infection, severe anemia, and a bleeding tendency caused by thrombocytopenia (lack of platelets). These effects result mainly from displacement of the normal bone marrow and lymphoid cells by the nonfunctional leukemic cells.

Finally, an important effect of leukemia on the body is excessive use of metabolic substrates by the growing cancerous cells. The leukemic tissues reproduce new cells so rapidly that tremendous demands are made on the body reserves for foodstuffs, specific amino acids, and vitamins. Consequently, the energy of the patient is greatly depleted, and excessive utilization of amino acids by leukemic cells causes especially rapid deterioration of the normal protein tissues of the body. Thus, while the leukemic tissues grow, other tissues become debilitated. After metabolic starvation has continued long enough, this factor alone is sufficient to cause death.
Bibliography
David BA, Kubes P: Exploring the complex role of chemokines and chemoattractants in vivo on leukocyte dynamics Immunol Re
৩৬.
PCV increases in
  1. ক
    Anemia
  2. খ
    Cirrhosis of liver
  3. গ
    Pregnancy
  4. ঘ
    Dengue shock syndrome
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Dengue shock syndrome
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Dengue shock syndrome
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
PCV decreases in:
• Anemia
• Cirrhosis of liver
• Pregnancy
• Hemorrhage due to ectopic pregnancy

৩৭.
Which information is found from marrow biopsy?
  1. ক
    Cellularity
  2. খ
    E/G ration
  3. গ
    Iron Stain
  4. ঘ
    RI
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Cellularity
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Cellularity
ক
৩৮.
Agglutinogens are present in
  1. ক
    ক) RBC membrane
  2. খ
    খ) Platelet membrane
  3. গ
    গ) Serum
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) WBC membrane
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) RBC membrane
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) RBC membrane
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Agglutinogens are present on RBC membrane & agglutinins are present on serum.
৩৯.
Most prevalent plasma protein
  1. ক
    ক) Albumin
  2. খ
    খ) Globulin
  3. গ
    গ) Fibrinogen
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Prothrombin
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Albumin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Albumin
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations: Albumin constitutes 55-65% of total plasma protein.
৪০.
DU suppresion test done in deficiency in
  1. ক
    B12
  2. খ
    FA
  3. গ
    Iron
  4. ঘ
    Cu
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
B12
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
B12
ক
৪১.
Conditions with raised ESR:
  1. ক
    Polycythemia
  2. খ
    CCF
  3. গ
    Severe anemia
  4. ঘ
    Dehydration
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Severe anemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Severe anemia
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Conditions with increased ESR

Physiological  
1.Menstruation 
2. Pregnancy 
3. High atmospheric pressure

B. Pathological 
1.Multiple myeloma
2. Malignancy 
3. MI
4. Acute rheumatic fever
5. Rheumatoid arthritis
6. SLE
7. Tuberculosis
8. Severe anemia
9. Hemorrhage
৪২.
Synthesis of plasma protein from liver except:
  1. ক
    Albumin
  2. খ
    ᵧ globulin
  3. গ
    Fibrinogen
  4. ঘ
    Prothrombin
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
ᵧ globulin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
ᵧ globulin
খ
৪৩.
Mononuclear leukocyte
  1. ক
    Neutrophil
  2. খ
    Eosinophil
  3. গ
    Basophil
  4. ঘ
    Lymphocyte
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Lymphocyte
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Lymphocyte
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Monocyte & lymphocyte are mononuclear leukocytes.
৪৪.
Acute Kidney Failure After Transfusion Reactions
  1. ক
    The antigen-antibody reaction of the transfusion reaction
  2. খ
    Loss of circulating RBCs in the recipient, along with production of toxic substances from the hemolyzed cells
  3. গ
    If the total amount of free hemoglobin released into the circulating blood is greater than the quantity that can bind with haptoglobin
  4. ঘ
    All of the mentioned
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
All of the mentioned
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
All of the mentioned
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Acute Kidney Failure After Transfusion Reactions

One of the most lethal effects of transfusion reactions is kidney failure, which can begin within a few minutes to a few hours and continue until the person dies of acute renal failure.

The kidney shutdown seems to have three causes:

1. The antigen-antibody reaction of the transfusion reaction releases toxic substances from the hemolyzing blood that cause powerful renal vasoconstriction

2. Loss of circulating RBCs in the recipient, along with production of toxic substances from the hemolyzed cells and the immune reaction, often. cause circulatory shock. The arterial blood pressure falls very low, and renal blood flow and urine output decrease.

3. If the total amount of free hemoglobin released into the circulating blood is greater than the quantity that can bind with haptoglobin (a plasma protein that binds small amounts of hemoglobin), much of the excess leaks through the glomerular membranes into the kidney tubules.
৪৫.
Essential blood clotting factor excludes:
  1. ক
    Fibrinogen
  2. খ
    prothrombin
  3. গ
    Stuart power
  4. ঘ
    Calcium
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Stuart power
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Stuart power
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
1st four are essential

৪৬.
Primary clotting factor excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Fibrinogen
  2. খ
    খ) Prothrombin
  3. গ
    গ) Tissue factor
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Stable factor
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Stable factor
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Stable factor
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations: 1st four clotting factors are regarded as primary clotting factors.
৪৭.
Hemophilia B (Christmas disease) produce due to factor __ deficiency
  1. ক
    ক) IX
  2. খ
    খ) XI
  3. গ
    গ) XI
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) XII
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) IX
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) IX
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-569]
৪৮.
Degmacytes is found in
  1. ক
    heart valve prosthesis
  2. খ
    G6PD deficiency
  3. গ
    Hereditary elliptocytosis
  4. ঘ
    Liver disease
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
G6PD deficiency
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
G6PD deficiency
খ
৪৯.
Steps of blood coagulation excludes;
  1. ক
    Prothrombin activation
  2. খ
    Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
  3. গ
    Activation of fibrin stabilizing factor
  4. ঘ
    Conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Activation of fibrin stabilizing factor
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Activation of fibrin stabilizing factor
গ
৫০.
Viscosity is decreased in
  1. ক
    Severe anaemia
  2. খ
    Polycythaemia Hereditary
  3. গ
    Spherocytosis
  4. ঘ
    Excess immunoglobulins in blood
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Severe anaemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Severe anaemia
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Viscosity is increased in
• Polycythaemia Hereditary
• Spherocytosis
• Excess immunoglobulins in blood
Viscosity is decreased in
• Severe anaemia

৫১.
During erythropoeisis necleuolus disappear in
  1. ক
    Early Normoblast
  2. খ
    Intermediate Normbolast
  3. গ
    Late Normoblast
  4. ঘ
    Reticulocytes
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Late Normoblast
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Late Normoblast
গ
৫২.
Most Regulatory cell is
  1. ক
    CD4
  2. খ
    CD8
  3. গ
    B cell
  4. ঘ
    Nk cell
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
CD4
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
CD4
ক
৫৩.
Hazards of mismatched blood transfusion:
  1. ক
    Bradycardia
  2. খ
    Tachypnoea
  3. গ
    BP-raised
  4. ঘ
    Anemia
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Tachypnoea
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Tachypnoea
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Hazards in mismatched blood transfusion / ABO/Rh incompatibility
 
A. Immediate effects:
1. Acute hemolytic reaction 
2. Shivering and restlessness
3. Nausea and vomiting 
4. Chest pain and back pain
5. Heart/respiratory rate- increased
6. Blood pressure- decreased
7. Shock
৫৪.
MW of Albumin
  1. ক
    69000
  2. খ
    156000
  3. গ
    400000
  4. ঘ
    690000
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
69000
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
69000
ক
৫৫.
Maturation of the erythroblast involves except:
  1. ক
    A decrease in cell size
  2. খ
    Decreased condensation and finally pyknosis of the nucleus
  3. গ
    Accumulation of Hb
  4. ঘ
    A change in staining reaction of the cytoplasm from basophil to eosinophil.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Decreased condensation and finally pyknosis of the nucleus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Decreased condensation and finally pyknosis of the nucleus
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Increased condensation and finally pyknosis of the nucleus
৫৬.
Lysis of blood clots by;
  1. ক
    Fibrin
  2. খ
    Thrombin
  3. গ
    Fibrinogen
  4. ঘ
    Plasmin
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Plasmin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Plasmin
ঘ
৫৭.
RBCs
  1. ক
    ক) Colourless
  2. খ
    খ) Disk shaped
  3. গ
    গ) Nucleus present
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Granules present
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Disk shaped
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Disk shaped
খ
৫৮.
Vit-k dependent blood clotting factors exclude:
  1. ক
    prothrombin
  2. খ
    Fibrinogen
  3. গ
    Factor lX
  4. ঘ
    Factor X
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Fibrinogen
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Fibrinogen
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Vit-k dependent blood clotting factors
 1. Factor ll(prothrombin)
2. Factor Vll
3. Factor IX  
4. Factor X
৫৯.
Causes of eosinophilia:
  1. ক
    Prolong use of steroids
  2. খ
    Malaria
  3. গ
    Bone marrow disorder
  4. ঘ
    Polycythemia vera
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Malaria
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Malaria
খ
৬০.
Incorrect about serum
  1. ক
    High level of serotonin
  2. খ
    Contain some degradation products of clotting factors
  3. গ
    Contains fibrinogen
  4. ঘ
    Can be obtained from clot retraction
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Contains fibrinogen
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Contains fibrinogen
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Serum contains no fibrinogen
৬১.
Which is nuclear maturation defect anemia?
  1. ক
    IDA
  2. খ
    Thalassemia
  3. গ
    Hypersplenism
  4. ঘ
    Refractory anemia
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Refractory anemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Refractory anemia
ঘ
৬২.
Multiple myeloma is associated with
  1. ক
    Overproduction of IgG
  2. খ
    Peripheral blood smear shows rouleaux formation
  3. গ
    Bone marrow analysis shows > 10% monoclonal plasma cells
  4. ঘ
    All
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
All
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
All
ঘ
৬৩.
Ep is used in
  1. ক
    CKD
  2. খ
    Dialysis Patients
  3. গ
    During elective surgery
  4. ঘ
    All
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
All
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
All
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial cells in the peritubular capillary bed of the kidneys and by perivenous hepatocytes in the liver. It is also produced in the brain, where it exerts a protective effect against excitotoxic damage triggered by hypoxia; and in the uterus and oviducts, where it is induced by estrogen and appears to mediate estrogen-dependent angiogenesis.
The gene for the hormone has been cloned, and recombinant erythropoietin produced in animal cells is available for clinical use as epoetin alfa.
The recombinant erythropoietin is of value in the treatment of the anemia associated with kidney failure; 90% of the patients with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis are anemic as a result of erythropoietin deficiency. Erythropoietin is also used to stimulate red cell production in individuals who are banking a supply of their own blood in preparation for autologous transfusions during elective surgery (see Chapter 31).
৬৪.
Hematopoietic function of cortisol is to increase count of
  1. ক
    Eosinophil
  2. খ
    Lymphocyte
  3. গ
    erythrocyte
  4. ঘ
    basophil
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
erythrocyte
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
erythrocyte
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Hematopoietic function of cortisol
·         BEL ↓ (basophil, Eosinophil, Lymphocyte)

·         PEN ↑ (Platelet, erythrocyte, neutrophil)
৬৫.
Complete hemolysis of RBC occur at.. .% NaCl solution
  1. ক
    0.33
  2. খ
    0.45
  3. গ
    0.9
  4. ঘ
    3
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
0.33
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
0.33
ক
৬৬.
Synthesis of Hb starts from
  1. ক
    ক) Proerythroblast
  2. খ
    খ) Early normoblast
  3. গ
    গ) Intermediate normoblast
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Reticulocyte
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Proerythroblast
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Proerythroblast
ক
৬৭.
When RBC is into Hypertonic Solution following shape is found
  1. ক
    Crenation
  2. খ
    Sickle cell
  3. গ
    Poikilocytosis
  4. ঘ
    Eliptocytosis
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Crenation
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Crenation
ক
৬৮.
Sky rise of ESR is found in
  1. ক
    ক) Polycythaemia vera
  2. খ
    খ) Pregnancy
  3. গ
    গ) Giant cell arteritis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) MI
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Giant cell arteritis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Giant cell arteritis
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
ESR>100 is regarded as sky rise. It occurs in
• Multiple myeloma
• Giant cell arteritis
• Severe infections
• Malignancy

৬৯.
Lifespan of RBCs:
  1. ক
    90 days
  2. খ
    120 days
  3. গ
    4 days
  4. ঘ
    10 days
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
120 days
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
120 days
খ
৭০.
Mantle cell lymphoma is associated with translocation in
  1. ক
    t(8;14)
  2. খ
    t(11;14)
  3. গ
    t(11;18)
  4. ঘ
    t(14;18)
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
t(11;14)
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
t(11;14)
খ
৭১.
Synonym of clotting factor IX
  1. ক
    Antihemophilic A
  2. খ
    Antihemophilic B
  3. গ
    Antihemophilic C
  4. ঘ
    Hageman factor
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Antihemophilic B
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Antihemophilic B
খ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
Synonyms for Factor IX are
Plasma thromboplastin component(PTC);
Christmas factor;
Antihemophilic factor B

৭২.
Normal RBCs exclude:
  1. ক
    Circular
  2. খ
    Bi-concave
  3. গ
    Nucleated
  4. ঘ
    Each RBC contains 29 pg of Hb
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Nucleated
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Nucleated
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Morphology of RBC
Circular, non- nucleated, biconcave disc
● Diameter  7.8 micrometer
● Thickness   2.5 micrometer at thickest point and 1 micrometer or less in the center
● Surface area 140micrometer2
● Volume    90-95 micrometer3 
● Each RBC contains 29 pg of Hb
৭৩.
Raw materials for Hb synthesis excludes:
  1. ক
    Succinyl coA
  2. খ
    Glycine
  3. গ
    Fe+++
  4. ঘ
    Polypeptide
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Fe+++
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Fe+++
গ
৭৪.
Calculate colour Index when Hb 53.3, RBC 80
  1. ক
    0.67
  2. খ
    0.56
  3. গ
    0.70
  4. ঘ
    0.5
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
0.67
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
0.67
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

৭৫.
Amount of plasma in blood
  1. ক
    30%
  2. খ
    70%
  3. গ
    45%
  4. ঘ
    55%
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
55%
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
55%
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Blood = Plasma (55%) + Formed elements (45%)
৭৬.
INR in a healthy person -
  1. ক
    ক) 1.5 - 1.8
  2. খ
    খ) 0.9 - 1.3
  3. গ
    গ) 4.0 - 5.0
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 2.0 - 3.0
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) 0.9 - 1.3
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) 0.9 - 1.3
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
The normal range for INR in a healthy person is 0.9 to 1.3. A high INR level (e.g., 4 or 5) indicates a high risk of bleeding, whereas a low INR (e.g., 0.5) suggests that there is a chance of having a clot. Patients undergoing warfarin therapy usually have an INR of 2.0 to 3.0.
৭৭.
In Lead poisoining which enzyme is afffected
  1. ক
    ALA dehydratase
  2. খ
    Porphobilinogen deaminase
  3. গ
    Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
  4. ঘ
    CA
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ALA dehydratase
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ALA dehydratase
ক
৭৮.
Key reaction of coagulation in both pathway is
  1. ক
    Activation of factor VII
  2. খ
    Activation of factor II
  3. গ
    Activation of factor XII
  4. ঘ
    Activation of Factor X
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Activation of Factor X
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Activation of Factor X
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Activation of Factor X is pivotal in both pathways.
৭৯.
Genotype for AB blood group
  1. ক
    ক) OA
  2. খ
    খ) OB
  3. গ
    গ) AB
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) OAB
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) AB
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) AB
গ
৮০.
What is serum?
  1. ক
    ক) Whole blood sample from which all cells are removed
  2. খ
    খ) Plasma from which fibrinogen and clotting factors are removed.
  3. গ
    গ) The portion of blood that is composed of RBCs
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Plasma from which only albumin and globulins are removed
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Plasma from which fibrinogen and clotting factors are removed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Plasma from which fibrinogen and clotting factors are removed.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
If whole blood is allowed to clot and the clot is removed the remaining fluid is called serum.
৮১.
Intrinsic coagulation pathway starts with
  1. ক
    ক) Activation of factor VII
  2. খ
    খ) Activation of factor II
  3. গ
    গ) Activation of factor XII
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Activation of Factor X
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Activation of factor XII
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Activation of factor XII
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Ref: Guyton 14th; P-482
৮২.
Serum is plasma devoid of
  1. ক
    ক) Albumin
  2. খ
    খ) Globulin
  3. গ
    গ) Fibrinogen
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Prothrombin
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Fibrinogen
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Fibrinogen
গ
৮৩.
Find the odd out about Heparin
  1. ক
    is administered parenterally because it is not absorbed in the gut due to its high negative charge and size
  2. খ
    intramuscular injections are avoided because of the risk of developing hematomas.
  3. গ
    Subcutaneous administration is predominantly given for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis
  4. ঘ
    In order to maintain its antithrombotic effect throughout the duration of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), heparin must be rebolused or continually infused because of its long half-life.
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
In order to maintain its antithrombotic effect throughout the duration of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), heparin must be rebolused or continually infused because of its long half-life.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
In order to maintain its antithrombotic effect throughout the duration of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), heparin must be rebolused or continually infused because of its long half-life.
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
• Heparin is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan with the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule. It is a naturally occurring anticoagulant produced by mast cells and basophils that plays an important role in vivo in the fine balance of anticoagulant and procoagulant processes. Although it does not break down preformed clots like tissue plasminogen activator, it instead potentiates the progression of the body’s natural clot lysis mechanisms to prevent the formation of clots.

• Heparin is administered parenterally because it is not absorbed in the gut due to its high negative charge and size; intramuscular injections are avoided because of the risk of developing hematomas. Subcutaneous administration is predominantly given for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis. In order to maintain its antithrombotic effect throughout the duration of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), heparin must be rebolused or continually infused because of its short half-life.

• Heparin is the most commonly used anticoagulant in the world administered to minimize thrombotic complications during PCI; its onset of action is immediate after intravenous administration. In addition to avoiding thrombotic complications, anticoagulation strategies must be designed to avoid major bleeding complications, as they are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and cost.

• The combination of heparin and glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors has a potent anti-ischemic effect, but also has an increased risk of serious bleeding complications that must be balanced carefully. Although randomized trials have demonstrated the reduction of ischemic events with GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients who undergo PCI for non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes and ST-elevation myocardial infarction, bleeding complications are also increased.
৮৪.
Prevalence for A blood group:
  1. ক
    47%
  2. খ
    41%
  3. গ
    9%
  4. ঘ
    3%
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
41%
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
41%
খ
৮৫.
which is not clinical picture of Erythroblastosis fetalis
  1. ক
    Anemia
  2. খ
    Jaundice
  3. গ
    Cyanosis
  4. ঘ
    splenomegaly
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Cyanosis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Cyanosis
গ
৮৬.
Which dietary component is needed for synthesis of DNA and influence the production of RBCs?
  1. ক
    ক) Calcium
  2. খ
    খ) Iron
  3. গ
    গ) Vitamin-A
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Folic acid
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Folic acid
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Folic acid
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Folic acid acts as a catalyst in DNA synthesis.
৮৭.
A thrombus is composed of following except
  1. ক
    Fibrin
  2. খ
    Platelet
  3. গ
    White cells
  4. ঘ
    Red cells
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
White cells
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
White cells
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
A thrombus is composed of
Fibrin
Platelet
Red cells

৮৮.
Parahemophilia occurs due to deficiency of Coagulation factor..
  1. ক
    5
  2. খ
    7
  3. গ
    8
  4. ঘ
    9
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
5
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
5
ক
৮৯.
Erythropoietin is secreted from
  1. ক
    Liver
  2. খ
    Kidney
  3. গ
    Lung
  4. ঘ
    Bone marrow
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Kidney
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Kidney
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
In response to hypoxia kidney release erythropoietin that acts on bone marrow & stimulate erythropoiesis.
৯০.
The extrinsic pathway is assessed by...
  1. ক
    ক) BT
  2. খ
    খ) CT
  3. গ
    গ) PT
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) APTT
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) PT
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) PT
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
The principal haemostatic mechanism is believed to be via extrinsic pathway which is assessed by PT.
৯১.
Cytoplasmic enzymes of RBC do the following
  1. ক
    keep the iron of the cells' hemoglobin in the ferrous form rather than the ferric form
  2. খ
    prevent oxidation of the proteins in the RBCs
  3. গ
    maintain pliability of the cell membrane
  4. ঘ
    ক+খ+গ
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ক+খ+গ
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ক+খ+গ
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
When RBCs are delivered from the bone marrow into the circulatory system, they normally circulate an average of 120 days before being destroyed. Even though mature RBCs do not have a nucleus, mitochondria, or endoplasmic reticulum, they do have cytoplasmic enzymes that are capa- ble of metabolizing glucose and forming small amounts of adenosine triphosphate.
These enzymes also do the following:
(1) maintain pliability of the cell membrane;
(2) maintain membrane transport of ions;
(3) keep the iron of the cells' hemoglobin in the ferrous form rather than the ferric form;
(4) prevent oxidation of the proteins in the RBCs.
Even so, the metabolic systems of old RBCs become progressively less active, and the cells become more and more fragile, presumably because their life processes wear out.
৯২.
Functional system of the cell include:
  1. ক
    Diapedesis
  2. খ
    Amoeboid movement
  3. গ
    Chemotaxis
  4. ঘ
    Phagocytosis
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Phagocytosis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Phagocytosis
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Transport processes for macromolecules:
this process also called- Functional system of cell
1.Exocytosis(Neurotransmitters,Hormones,Enzymes,Proteins)
2. Endocytosis
◆ Pinocytosis(cell drinking)-proteins,vitamins
◆ Phagocytosis(cell eating)-bacteria,dead cell, tissue debris.
৯৩.
In secondary polycythemia RBC rises___________________ % above normal
  1. ক
    30
  2. খ
    40
  3. গ
    50
  4. ঘ
    60
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
30
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
30
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Secondary Polycythemia
Whenever the tissues become hypoxic because of too little oxygen in the breathed air, such as at high altitudes, or because of failure of oxy- gen delivery to the tissues, such as in cardiac failure, the blood-forming organs automatically produce large quantities of extra RBCs. This condition is called secondary polycythemia, and the RBC count commonly rises to 6 to 7 million/mm³, about 30% above normal.

A common type of secondary polycythemia, called phys iological polycythemia, occurs in those who live at altitudes of 14,000 to 17,000 feet, where the atmospheric oxygen is very low. The blood count is generally 6 to 7 million/mm³, which allows these people to perform reasonably high lev- els of continuous work, even in a rarefied atmosphere.
৯৪.
Reticulocyte index in sideroblastic anemia is less than
  1. ক
    1
  2. খ
    2
  3. গ
    3
  4. ঘ
    4
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
2
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
2
খ
৯৫.
Non protein nitrogenous substance in plasma excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Ammonia
  2. খ
    খ) Creatine
  3. গ
    গ) Creatinine
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Bilirubin
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Bilirubin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Bilirubin
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
Non protein nitrogenous substance in plasma
Ammonia
Creatine
Creatinine
Xanthine
Hypoxanthine
Urea
Uric acid

৯৬.
Fine granules found in:
  1. ক
    Neutrophil
  2. খ
    Eosinophil
  3. গ
    Basophil
  4. ঘ
    Monocyte
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Neutrophil
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Neutrophil
ক
৯৭.
Spontaneous arrest of bleeding is called
  1. ক
    Homeostasis
  2. খ
    Hemostasis
  3. গ
    Clot retraction
  4. ঘ
    Fibrinolysis
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Hemostasis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Hemostasis
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Hemostasis means prevention & arrest of bleeding from a cut vessel.
৯৮.
Which events of erythropoiesis enter the circulation:
  1. ক
    Matured RBC
  2. খ
    Erythrocyte
  3. গ
    Reticulocyte
  4. ঘ
    Late normoblast
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Reticulocyte
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Reticulocyte
গ
৯৯.
Agglutinins are present in
  1. ক
    RBC membrane
  2. খ
    Platelet membrane
  3. গ
    Serum
  4. ঘ
    WBC membrane
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Serum
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Serum
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Agglutinogens are present on RBC membrane & agglutinins are present on serum.
১০০.
Not granulocyte
  1. ক
    ক) Neutrophil
  2. খ
    খ) Eosinophil
  3. গ
    গ) Basophil
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Lymphocyte
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Lymphocyte
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Lymphocyte
ঘ