Active and Passive Voice

PrepBank · পাতা ১ / ১৩ · ১–১০০ / ১,২৭৭

১.

Change the sentence. I may help you. ( Passive voice)

ক
You might be helped by me.
খ
I might be helped by you.
গ
You may be helped by me.
ঘ
You might be helped me.

ব্যাখ্যা

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
• Structure:
Object বসবে subject হিসাবে + may, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to এর পরে be + verb এর past participle form + by + subject বসবে object হিসেবে।
Active: I may help you.
Passive: You may be helped by me.

এ বাক্যে Object হচ্ছে you এবং এটি হবে এখন subject এর পরে may be বসবে
- verb (help) এর past participle form - helped বসবে
- by + Subject - We এর objective form us বসবে।

এ জাতীয় আরোও একটি উদাহরণ
Active: You must do the work.
Passive: The work must be done by you.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammer & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

২.

The team agreed to implement the plan immediately. [passive]

ক
The team agreed that the plan should be implement immediately.
খ
The team agreed that the plan be implemented immediately.
গ
The team agreed that the plan to be implemented immediately.
ঘ
The team agreed that the plan should be implemented immediately.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

Active: Proma decided to sell the house.
Passive: Proma decided that the house should be sold.

Active: The team agreed to implement the plan immediately.
Passive: The team agreed that the plan should be implemented immediately.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩.

The passive form of the sentence "Turn off the lights." is -

ক
Let the lights be turnt off.
খ
Let the lights turnt off.
গ
Let the lights turned off.
ঘ
Let the lights be turned off.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: Turn off the lights.
Passive Voice: Let the lights be turned off.

→ Turn (base form) → Turning (present participle) → Turned (past form) → Turned (past participle form).

• Verb দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া imperative sentence কে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
→ প্রথমে Let বসে।
→ object + be + verb এর past participle বসে।

More Example:
Active Voice: Open the window.
Passive Voice: Let the window be opened.

৪.

The scientist will explain how the experiment worked. (Make it passive)

ক
How did the experiment worked will be explained by the scientist.
খ
The scientist will be explained how did the experiment worked.
গ
How the experiment worked will be explained by the scientist.
ঘ
The scientist will be explained how the experiment had worked.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: The scientist will explain how the experiment worked.
• Passive: How the experiment worked will be explained by the scientist.

• Future Indefinite যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম -
- প্রথমে object - how the experiment worked, passive voice- এ subject রূপে বসবে।
- Passive voice- এ How the experiment worked এর পর shall/will + be বসবে।
- এরপর verb - explain এর past participle form explained বসবে।
- এরপর by বসবে।
- 'by' এরপর active voice এর subject -The scientist, passive voice এ object রূপে বসে।

Example:
• Active Voice: We will explain how we did it.
• Passive Voice: How we did it will be explained by us.

৫.

The people crowned him king. (make it passive)

ক
He is crowned king by the people.
খ
He was crowned king by the people.
গ
He is crown king by the people.
ঘ
He was crown king by the people.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: The people crowned him king.
Passive: He was crowned king by the people.
- এটি একটি Factitive object যুক্ত বাক্য।

• Factitive object: Select, elect, nominate, make, call, crown, name ইত্যাদি transitive verb গুলোর object থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণরূপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত Object আনতে হয়। এইরূপ অতিরিক্ত object কে Factitive Object বলে।

• Factitive object/complementary object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- বাক্যের মূল Object টি Subject হয়,
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে,
- Factitive object টি বসে,
- by বসে,
- Subject টির objective form বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬.

What is the passive form of the interrogative sentence: "Who is calling you"?

ক
Whom is called by you?
খ
Who is being called by you?
গ
By whom is you being called?
ঘ
By whom are you being called?

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: By whom are you being called?

Present Continuous Tense এর Interrogative Passive:
Active গঠন: Who + is + calling + you?
Passive গঠন: By whom + are + you + being + called?

রূপান্তর প্রক্রিয়া:
- Who → By whom (কর্তা থেকে কর্তৃক)
- you → you (object থেকে subject)
- is calling → are being called (continuous passive)

- নিয়ম অনুসারে Correct Answer: ঘ) By whom are you being called?

অন্যান্য অপশনের ব্যাখ্যা:
ক) Whom is called by you? Simple present এর passive (কিন্তু original continuous) "is" ভুল (you এর সাথে "are" হবে)।
খ) Who is being called by you? এর মানে: "তুমি কাকে ডাকছো?" (ভিন্ন অর্থ) Original sentence এর passive নয়।
গ) By whom is you being called? এখানে Subject-Verb Agreement ভুল, "is you" ভুল গঠন "you" এর সাথে "are" ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৭.

Change the voice: I am to make a note.

ক
A note is to be made by me.
খ
A note was to be made by me.
গ
A note had to be made by me.
ঘ
A note has to be made by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
• Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
• Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
• তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
• Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
• তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

Active voice: I am to make a note.
Passive voice: A note is to be made by me.

৮.

One can improve skills by one’s consistent practice. (Passive)

ক
Somebody can improve their skills by consistent practice.
খ
One's skill can be improved by their consistent practice.
গ
By consistent practice one's skill can be improved.
ঘ
Skills can be improved by consistent practice.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: One can improve skills through consistent practice.
Passive Voice: Skills can be improved by one's consistent practice.

• Active Voice এ Subject হিসেবে People ,one ইত্যাদি থাকলে Passive করার সময় People / one বাদ দিতে হয়।
- পাশাপাশি object অংশে one's + noun থাকলে passive থাকলে one's কে বাদ দিতে হয়।
- অর্থাৎ, Active Voice এ Subject হিসেবে one থাকলে Passive Voice এ এটা উল্লেখ করার প্রয়োজন নেই।
- তাছাড়াও passive করার সময় তাদেরকে by সহ লেখা হয় না।

- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক passive form টি হচ্ছে - Skills can be improved by consistent practice.

৯.

People say that the lion is the king of beast. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) It is said that the lion is the king of beast.
খ
খ) That is said by the people is the king of the beast.
গ
গ) The beast is being the king by the people.
ঘ
ঘ) That the lion is the king of the beast is by the people.

ব্যাখ্যা

Compound Sentence এবং Complex Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে Active voice-এর উভয় clause-কে একই voice-এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়।
Active Voice People say দিয়ে শুরু হলে passive voice It is said দিয়ে শুরু করা হয়।

১০.

“Rice sells cheap.” The correct passive voice of this sentence is-

ক
Rice is cheap when it is selling.
খ
Rice is sold cheap.
গ
Rice is sold when it is cheap.
ঘ
Cheap is sold by rice.

ব্যাখ্যা

আলোচ্য বাক্যটিতে ‘sells’ quasi-passive verb.
quasi-passive verb এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice এ subject অপরিবর্তিত থাকে এবং এরপর to be verb+ adjective +when +it/they+ is/are+ verb এর past participle হয়।
অথবা subject + to be verb+ verb এর past participle + adjective হয়।
২য় structure টি অনুযায়ী ‘Rice is sold cheap’ হয়েছে।

১১.

Be patient. (Make it passive)

ক
You to be patient.
খ
You are to patient.
গ
You are advised to be patient.
ঘ
You should be patient.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ আমরা জানি Intransitive verb কে passive voice এ পরিণত করা যায় না।
- কারণ Intransitive verb মানে হলো যে verb এর object নাই।
- object ছাড়া passive করা যায় না কারণ passive এ object কে Subject এ পরিণত করতে হয়।

• কিন্তু Imperative Sentence এ এই ধরনের বাক্যকে আমরা passive এ পরিণত করতে পারি।
- মনে রাখতে হবে আমরা বাক্যটি passive এ পরিণত করতে পারি কিন্তু Intransitive verb কে নয়।

• Imperative Sentence এ যদি Intransitive verb থাকে তাহলে FAROC (Forbid, Advise, Request, Order, Command) এর যে কোন Verb সহ ‘You' Subject কে প্রকাশ্য ভাবে লিখতে হবে।
- অতিরিক্ত একটি be verb 'are' বসবে।
- বাক্যর অর্থ বুঝে অতিরিক্ত শব্দ advised যোগ করতে হবে।
- এবং মূল Verb এর আগে to যোগ হবে।
- তারপর বাক্যে যা আছে তা বসাতে হবে।

Active: Be patient.
Passive: You are advised to be patient.

১২.

Sabbir writes a memo. (Make it passive)

ক
A memo was write by Sabbir.
খ
A memo is written by Sabbir.
গ
A memo is being write by Sabbir.
ঘ
A memo is wrote by Sabbir.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active voice: Sabbir writes a memo.
Passive voice: A memo is written by Sabbir.

১৩.

The passive form of the sentence "The gardener was watering the plants." -

ক
The plants were watered by the gardener.
খ
The plants were being watered by the gardener.
গ
The plants was being watered by the gardener.
ঘ
The plants were to be watered by the gardener.

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি Past continuous tense এ আছে।
- Past continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম -

• Object টি subject হয়ে বসবে।
- Tense ও person অনুযায়ী was/were + being বসবে।
- এরপর verb এর past participle form + by + subject টি object হয়ে বসবে।

- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• Active: The gardener was watering the plants.
• Passive: The plants were being watered by the gardener.

১৪.

Change the narration of the sentence: What do you want?

ক
What is wanted by you?
খ
Let what be wanted by you.
গ
What has been wanted by you?
ঘ
What was being wanted by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

প্রশ্নটি হওয়ার কথা ছিলো: Change the voice of the sentence: What do you want?
মূল প্রশ্নে ভুল , তবে অপশন দেখে সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর ও ব্যাখ্যা দেওয়া হলো।

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
কোনো interrogative sentence যদি What দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তাহলে passive voice- এ রুপান্তর করার structure হবে:

⇒ what + be verb + verb এর past participle + by + sub.

সুতরাং, এর সঠিক passive form হবে - What is wanted by you?

Source: Applied English Grammar & Composition by P. C. Das.

১৫.

By whom can the work be finished? (Make it active)

ক
Who will finish the work?
খ
The work has been finished by who?
গ
Who can finish the work?
ঘ
Who finishes the work?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive Voice এ By whom থাকলে Active Voice করতে হলে –
- প্রথমে Subject হিসেবে Who বসে।
- কোনো Modal Auxiliary থাকলে তা who এর পরে বসবে।
- be বাদ যাবে।
- passive এর be verb এর tense form অনুযায়ী মূল Verb বসবে।
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যে be verb – Base Form এ ছিল, তাই মূল verb ও base form এ বসবে।
- Passive Voice এর Subject - Object হয়ে বসবে।

• তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর -Who can finish the work?

১৬.

Please take your position. (Make it passive)

ক
You have been requested to take your position.
খ
You requested to take the position.
গ
You are requested to take your position.
ঘ
You were requested to take your position.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active Voice: Please take your position.
- Passive Voice: You are requested to take your position.

• 'Please' যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- active voice এর শুরুতে Please/kindly থাকলে passive voice- এ Please/kindly এর পরিবর্তে "you are requested to" বসে।
- তারপর prinicipal verb থেকে বাকি অংশ বসে।
- active voice টি present- এ রয়েছে তাই passive voice "present tense"- এ হয়েছে।

- Negative বাক্যের ক্ষেত্রে to এর পূর্বে not বসে।

Example:
- Active Voice: Please do not smoke.
- Passive Voice: You are requested not to smoke.

১৭.

Change into passive voice:
Thieves broke into my house.

ক
ক) My house was broken into by thieves.
খ
খ) Thieves were broken into my house.
গ
গ) My house had been broken into by thieves.
ঘ
ঘ) My house was broken by thieves.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Since the given active sentence is in the past indefinite tense.
- The passive form will also be in the past indefinite tense.
- We use the third form of the verb in a passive sentence when we change an active sentence into a passive sentence.
- The active sentence is in the past indefinite tense, so in passive form was is used as a helping verb.
- The correct passive form is: My house was broken into by thieves.

১৮.

Did you answer all the questions? (Make it Passive)

ক
ক) Did all the questions be answered by you?
খ
খ) Was all the questions answered by you?
গ
গ) Were all the questions answered by you?
ঘ
ঘ) Did all the questions were answered by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice এ 'did' থাকলে passive voice এ এর পরিবর্তে was/were বসে। এখানে Subject – Plural হওয়ায় were বসবে।
তারপর Object – Subject হয়ে বসবে।
তারপর মূল Verb এর Past Participle form বসবে।
এর পর by + Subject এর Objective Form বসবে।

সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর -
Were all the questions answered by you?

১৯.

Change the voice.
Never forget the person who values you.

ক
Let us the person who values you never be forgotten.
খ
Let the person be never forget..
গ
Let never the person who values you forgot.
ঘ
Let never the person who values you be forgotten.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Never যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let never বসে + object টি Subject হয় + be বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- Active: Never forget the person who values you.
- Passive: Let never the person who values you be forgotten.
- গঠন অনুসারে প্রথমে Let never বসেছে।
- বাক্যের object - the person হয়েছে Subject.
- এরপর অতিরিক্ত অংশ who values you বসেছে।
- তারপর আবার গঠন অনুযায়ী be বসেছে।
- সবেশেষে মূল verb - forget এর past participle form - forgotten বসেছে।

• এ জাতীয় আরোও একটি উদাহরণ হচ্ছে -
- Active: Never tell a lie.
- Passive: Let never a lie be told.

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

২০.

Change the voice: She was painting a beautiful landscape.

ক
A beautiful landscape has being painted by her.
খ
A beautiful landscape is being painted by her.
গ
A beautiful landscape was painted by her.
ঘ
A beautiful landscape was being painted by her.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• এ জাতীয় Active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম -
- Active voice এর subject হবে passive voice এর object.
- Active voice এর object হবে passive voice এর subject.
- বাক্যে was/ were থাকলে তাদের পরিবর্তে was being/ were being বসবে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle form বসবে।
- By + বাক্যের বাকী অংশ বসবে।

Active: She was painting a beautiful landscape.
Passive: A beautiful landscape was being painted by her.

২১.

The children laughed at the clown. (Make it passive)

ক
The clown was laughed at with the children.
খ
The clown was laughed at by the children.
গ
The clown was laughed by the children.
ঘ
The clown was laughed by at the children.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: The children laughed at the clown.
Passive: The clown was laughed at by the children

• Past Indefinite Tense যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম হলো -
- Object এর Subject form হবে + was/were + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
- Active Voice এর sentence এ কোনো Group verb থাকলে Voice change করার সময় Group verb এর Preposition টি verb এর সাথেই থাকে; এর পরে by বসাতে হয়।

২২.

Change the voice of the sentence: One can achieve success through one's hard work.

ক
Success can be achieved through one's hard work.
খ
Someone's success can be achieved through one's hard work.
গ
Success can be achieved through hard work.
ঘ
One’s success can be achieved through one’s hard work.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
• Active Voice এ Subject হিসেবে People ,one ইত্যাদি থাকলে Passive করার সময় People / one বাদ দিতে হয়।
- পাশাপাশি object অংশে one's + noun থাকলে passive থাকলে one's কেও বাদ দিতে হয়।

- যেমন:
Active: One can achieve success by one’s sincere efforts.
Passive: Success can be achieved by sincere efforts.

আবার,
Active: One should do one's duty.
Passive: Duty should be done.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Success can be achieved through hard work.

২৩.

Transform this sentence into passive form: ''Why does he beat his brother?''

ক
Why is his brother beat by him?
খ
Why he beaten his brother?
গ
Why is his brother beaten by him?
ঘ
Why his brother beaten by him?

ব্যাখ্যা

• The correct passive form: Why is his brother beaten by him?

Voice change rules:
• কোনো বাক্য যখন WH word যেমন: Who, Which, Whom, Where, When, Why, Whose, Whom, and How দিয়ে শুরু হয় তখন passive voice WH-word দিয়ে শুরু হয়ে থাকে।

• WH word যুক্ত sentence Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
→ Active voice এর Wh word টি প্রথমে বসে।
→ Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
→ Object টি Subject হয়।
→ মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
→ সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

সুতরাং, নিয়ম অনুসারে বাক্যটি হবে,
Active voice: Why does he beat his brother?
Passive voice: Why is his brother beaten by him?

২৪.

Complete your task before the deadline. (Make it passive)

ক
Let the task be completed before the deadline.
খ
Make your task be completed before the deadline.
গ
Your task should be completed before the deadline.
ঘ
Let your task be completed before the deadline.

ব্যাখ্যা

• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া imperative sentence এর active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসবে;
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে;
- be বসবে;
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

• Structure: Let + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle + extensions.

Active: Complete your task before the deadline.
Passive: Let your task be completed before the deadline.

২৫.

'We are buying tickets for the show'. The right passive voice of the sentence is -

ক
ক) Tickets were being bought by us for the show.
খ
খ) Tickets had been bought by us for the show.
গ
গ) Tickets are being bought by us for the show.
ঘ
ঘ) Tickets have being bought by us for the show.

ব্যাখ্যা

উপরের বাক্যটি হলো Present continuous tense.

Present continuous tense যুক্ত active voice যে passive voice এ রুপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম -
• Active Voice : Subject + is/am/are+ v1+ ing + object
- We are buying tickets for the show.

• Passive voice: Object is/am/are being V3+ by + subject
- Tickets are being bought by us for the show.

Example:
Active: Esha is singing a song.
Passive: A song is being sung by Esha.

Active: Kritika is chopping vegetables.
Passive: Vegetables are being chopped by Kritika.

Active: They are serving poor people.
Passive: Poor people are being served by them.

‍source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hossain

২৬.

The boy has rung the bell. (Do Passive)

ক
ক) The bell was being rung by the boy.
খ
খ) The bell has been being rung by the boy.
গ
গ) The bell has been rung by the boy.
ঘ
ঘ) The bell was rung by the boy.

ব্যাখ্যা

• উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নটি Present perfect tense.

• Present perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম -
- Active voice এর Object হবে subject + number ও person অনুসারে have been/ has been বসবে + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
- Subject + (has /have) + been + V3 + Other agents.

Example:
Active: The boy has rung the bell.
Passive: The bell has been rung by the boy.

Active: They have played football.
Passive: Football has been played by them.

২৭.

Let her prepare the documentation. (Make it Passive)

ক
Let the documentation be prepared by her.
খ
Let be her prepared the documentation.
গ
Let the documentation prepared by her.
ঘ
Let the documentation be prepare by her.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: Let her prepare the documentation.
• Passive: Let the documentation be prepared by her.

• Let যুক্ত Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- Object টির subject রূপে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

• Structure: Let + Object টির subject বসে + be বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by + subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

২৮.

Change the voice: We agreed to help with the arrangements.

ক
The arrangements was agreed to help with.
খ
We agreed the arrangements being helped with.
গ
We agreed that the arrangements to be helped with.
ঘ
We agreed that the arrangements should be helped with.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: We agreed to help with the arrangements.
• Passive: We agreed that the arrangements should be helped with.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice -এর subject ও verb অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
- that বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসে।
- should be বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: Rasel decided to sell the house.
- Passive: Rasel decided that the house should be sold.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

২৯.

Everyone knows that he is a fool. (Change the voice)

ক
Everyone knows him as a fool.
খ
That he is a fool is known to everybody.
গ
It is known him to be a fool.
ঘ
It is known by everybody that him to be a fool.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active থেকে Passive Voice এ রূপান্তর করার প্রক্রিয়া:

a) Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।

b) Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।

c) মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

• Multiple clause-যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- এক্ষেত্রে, পুরো object-টি subject হয়ে যায়।
- তারপর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- শেষে Active voice এর subject বসে।

আবার, object-এর structure ঠিক রেখে It is + V₃ + object- এই নিয়মেও Passive করা যায়।

Active: Everyone knows that he is a fool.
Passive: That he is a fool is known to everybody./ It is known that he is a fool.

Source: English TWO, SSC Program, Bangladesh Open University.

৩০.

She will bake a cake. (Passive)

ক
A cake will be being baked by her.
খ
A cake will be baked by her.
গ
A cake will have to be baked by her.
ঘ
A cake will bake by her.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: She will bake a cake.
Passive Voice: A cake will be baked by her.

• Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,

• Future indefinite tense যুক্ত বাক্যের passive from হবে:
→ প্রথমে Object এর subjective form বসে।
→ be বসে।
→ verb এর Past participle form বসে।
→ by/at/with বসে।
→ Subject এর objective form বসে।

৩১.

She found the task challenging to perform. (Make it passive)

ক
She had found the task challenging to perform.
খ
The task was found challenging to perform by her.
গ
The task was found challenging to be perform by her.
ঘ
The task had found challenging performed by her.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: She found the task challenging to perform.
- Passive: The task was found challenging to perform by her.

• Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object টি Passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle + Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) বসে।
- Active voice -এ যদি adjective + infinitive (to + verb) থাকে, তাহলে তা passive-এ infinitive অংশটির কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।

• More Example:
- Active: I found it easy to do.
- Passive: It was found easy to do by me.

৩২.

They nominated him President. (make it passive)

ক
He were nominated President by them.
খ
He was nominated President by them.
গ
He were nominate as President by them.
ঘ
He was nominate as President by them

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: They nominated him President.
Passive: He was nominated President by them.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি একটি Factitive object যুক্ত বাক্য।

• Factitive object, Select, elect, nominate, make, call, name ইত্যাদি transitive verb গুলোর object থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণরূপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত Object আনতে হয়। এইরূপ অতিরিক্ত object কে Factitive object বলে।

• Factitive object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Pronominal object- টি (me, us, you, them, him, her) / নামবাচক object টি Subject হয়,
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে,
- Factitive object টি বসে,
- by বসে,
- Subject টির objective form বসে।

• Source:
1. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
2. Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৩৩.

The committee is to approve the budget. (make it passive)

ক
The budget is to been approved by the committee.
খ
By the committee, the budget is to be approved.
গ
The budget is to be approved by the committee.
ঘ
By the committee, the budget is been to approve.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: The committee is to approve the budget.
Passive Voice: The budget is to be approved by the committee.

• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• am to/ is to/ are to/ have to / has to যুক্ত বাক্যকে Voice change করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এ am to/ is to/ are to/ have to / has to ইত্যাদি থাকলে Passive Voice এ am to/ is to/ are to/ has to / have to এর পরে be বসে এবং be এর পরে মূল verb এর Past Participle form হবে।

• যেমন,
Active: I am to do it.
Passive: It is to be done by me.

Source:
1. Live MCQ English Wizard, Saleh Ahmed,
2. Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

৩৪.

Do you know them? [make it passive]

ক
Are they known with you?
খ
Are they known by you?
গ
Would they be known by you?
ঘ
Are they known to you?

ব্যাখ্যা

→[39th BCS Preliminary]

Active voice: Do you know them?
Passive form: Are they known to you?

• Active voice কে Passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb,
- মূল verb এর past participle,
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to ,in) বসে।
- আর known এর পর preposition to ব্যবহৃত হয়।

৩৫.

Students nominated me joint secretary. (Change Active into Passive)

ক
ক) I was nominated joint secretary by students.
খ
খ) Students were nominated joint secretary by me.
গ
গ) Joint secretary was nominated students by me.
ঘ
ঘ) Joint secretary was nominated me by students.

ব্যাখ্যা

Factitive verb- যে সকল transitive verb obj. থাকা সত্ত্বেও অতিরিক্ত word এর সাহায্য নিয়ে অর্থ পরিপূর্ণ করে তাকে factitive verb বলে।
Factitive object- অতিরিক্ত word টিকে factitive object বলা হয়। এটি কখনো passive voice এর ‍subj. হয় না। মনে রাখতে হবে বাকি গঠনগুলো কিন্তু অন্যান্য transitive verb এর মতোই।
কতিপয় factitive verb:
Call, choose, elect, make, name, nominate, select
উপরের উদাহরণে joint secretary হলো factitive object.
অপশন a তে পরিপূর্ণভাবে গঠনটি ফলো করায় এটি সঠিক উত্তর।
অপশন b তে ‍students কে sub এর জায়গায় বসানোয় এটি ভুল হয়েছে। কারণ ‍active এর ‍sub –passive এ object হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
অপশন c ও d তে factitive object কে passive এ subject এর স্থানে বসানোয় এটি ভুল।
উৎস: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hossain

৩৬.

You are requested not to use your phones in the theatre. (Make it active).

ক
Do not use your phones in the theatre.
খ
Stop using your phones in the theatre.
গ
Let not your phones use in the theatre.
ঘ
Kindly do not use your phones in the theatre.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর base form হয়,
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।

• Passive voice এ “You are requested to” থাকলে active voice এ please/ kindlly ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Please/Kindly do not use your phones in the theatre.

৩৭.

The passive form of: Where can we see the paintings?

ক
Where could the paintings be seen by us?
খ
Where can the paintings be seen by us?
গ
To where the paintings seen by us?
ঘ
Can the paintings be seen by us?

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: Where can we see the paintings?
- Passive: Where can the paintings be seen by us?

• Where, When, Why, How যুক্ত sentence কে Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এ Where, When, How দিয়ে sentence শুরু হবে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে (modal verb -এর থাকলে be বসে)।
- Active voice এর subject, passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- by + Active voice এর subject passive voice এ object হিসেবে বসে।

Active voice: Where did you find him?
Passive voice: Where was he found by you?

৩৮.

We know that Columbus discovered America. [passive]

ক
It is known to us America was discovered by Columbus.
খ
It is known that America is discovered by Columbus.
গ
It is known to us that America was discovered to Columbus.
ঘ
It is known to us that America was discovered by Columbus.

ব্যাখ্যা

Voice Change of Complex Sentence:
- Complex Sentence এর Voice পরিবর্তন করতে Principal ও Subordinate উভয় প্রকার Clause এরই পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।
- এরূপ ক্ষেত্রে কখনো কখনো Introductory 'It' ব্যবহার করতে হয়। যেমন:

Active: We know that Columbus discovered America.
Passive: It is known to us that America was discovered by Columbus.

৩৯.

'He is thought to be a teacher'- বাক্যটির সঠিক পরিবর্তিত voice হবে-

ক
We thought him to be a teacher.
খ
We think him to be a teacher.
গ
We think him a teacher.
ঘ
We thought him a teacher.

ব্যাখ্যা

• এ ধরনের sentence কে active form এ রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে -

• Object ছাড়া passive voice এর বাক্যকে active করার ক্ষেত্রে সুবিধাজনক একটি subject ধরে নিয়ে করতে হয়।
- তাই এখানে We বসাতে হবে।
- মূল verb এর base form হয়,
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়।

৪০.

'He is writing a letter.' বাক্যটির passive form হবে -

ক
A letter is written by him
খ
A letter was written by him
গ
A letter was being written by him
ঘ
A letter is being written by him

ব্যাখ্যা

• 'He is writing a letter'- এই sentence টি Present Continuous Tense এ আছে।

• Present Continuous Tense এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Object টি subject হয়,
- am beibg/ is being/ are being বসে,
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে,
- by বসে,
- Subject টির objective form বসে।

Structure: Object টির subjective form + am being/ is being/ are being + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Active: He is writing a letter.
- Passive: A letter is being written by him

৪১.

Don’t write on the wall. (Change the voice)

ক
Let not the wall to be written on.
খ
Let not the wall been written on.
গ
Let not the wall be written on.
ঘ
Let the wall being not written on.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: Don’t write on the wall.
- Passive: Let not the wall be written on.

• Do not যুক্ত Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let not বসবে।
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে।
- be বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

• Structure: Let not + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle.

• Note: object টি pronoun হলে pronoun এর পরে not বসে।

• More examples:
Active Voice: Don't waste your efforts.
Passive Voice: Let not your efforts be wasted.

৪২.

The passive form of: Do away with it.

ক
Let it has to do done away with.
খ
Let it is to do away with.
গ
Let it be done away with.
ঘ
Let it is to be done away with.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: Do away with it.
- Passive: Let it be done away with.

• মূল verb দ্বারা শুরু Imperative sentence -এর Active voice থেকে Passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে + Object + be + মূল Verb এর past participle + বাকি অংশ বসে।
- Group verb এর সাথে সংযুক্ত preposition টি Passive voice-এ মূল Verb এর past participle এর সাথে বসে।

- প্রদত্ত বাক্যে 'Do away with' phrasal verb টি মূল Verb 'Do' দিয়ে শুরু হয়েছে এবং এর সাথে preposition 'with' আছে।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী, এর passive form হবে- Let it be done away with.

৪৩.

He made us clean the house. [passive]

ক
We were being made to clean the house by him.
খ
We were made to clean the house by him.
গ
We had made to clean the house by him.
ঘ
We are made to clean the house by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Need, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch ইত্যাদি verb গুলোর পর Active voice এর উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পর 'to' বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Object -কে Subject করতে হবে।
- Tense ও subject অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb (was) বসে।
- তারপর মূল Verb -এর Past Participle বসবে।
- তারপর Active voice -এ উহ্য থাকা to বসবে।
- তারপর বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- শেষে by + Active voice -এর Subject টি Object হবে।

Active: He made me do the work.
- এখানে Active voice এ 'made' থাকায় passive করার সময় 'to' বসবে।
Passive: I was made to do the work by him.

Active: He made us clean the house.
Passive: We were made to clean the house by him.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

৪৪.

"He will finish the work." [passive]

ক
The work is finished by him.
খ
The work was finished by him.
গ
The work will be finished by him.
ঘ
The work has been finished by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক উত্তর: গ) The work will be finished by him.

- Active Sentence:
- He will finish the work.
- Tense: Future Indefinite (will + base verb).

- Passive Voice Structure (Future Indefinite এর জন্য):
- Object + will be + past participle (V3) + by + subject.

- Passive sentence: The work will be finished by him.

• Other options:
ক) The work is finished by him. → Present Indefinite.

খ) The work was finished by him. → Past Indefinite.

ঘ) The work has been finished by him. → Present Perfect.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৪৫.

Which one is the correct passive form of the sentence - "He satisfied his parents."

ক
His parents were satisfied at him.
খ
His parents were satisfied by him.
গ
His parents had been satisfied by him.
ঘ
His parents were satisfied with him.

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Past Indefinite Tense এ আছে।
• Past Indefinite Tense- এ রয়েছে এরূপ বাক্যের Passive from হবে -
• object এর subjective form + be verb + verb এর Past Participle form + by/at/with + subject এর objective form.

→ Passive Voice- এ Satisfied এরপর Object এর পূর্বে 'with' ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Active Voice: He satisfied his parents.
Passive Voice: His parents were satisfied with him.

৪৬.

Correct passive form of 'You were doing it.'

ক
ক) It has been done by you.
খ
খ) It was being did by you.
গ
গ) It was being done by you.
ঘ
ঘ) It is being done by you.

ব্যাখ্যা

- উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের Passive form হচ্ছে It was being done by you.

• Past continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Object এর subject + number কিংবা person অনুসারে was being/were being + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Example:
Active: You were doing it.
Passive: It was being done by you.

Active: They were catching fishes.
Passive: Fishes were being caught by them.

৪৭.

Who will drive the car? (Passive)

ক
By whom will the car being driven?
খ
By whom will the car been driven?
গ
By whom the car will be driven?
ঘ
By whom will the car be driven?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: By whom will the car be driven?
Passive: By whom will the car be driven?

Example:
Active: Who will help you?
Passive: By whom will you be helped?
Active: Who is helping her?
Passive: By whom is she being helped?
Active: Who has broken the glasses?
Passive: By whom have the glasses been broken?

৪৮.

The President's speech performance satisfied the people. (Make it passive)

ক
The people were satisfied by the President's speech.
খ
The people were satisfied with the President's speech.
গ
The people were satisfied to the President's speech.
ঘ
The people were satisfied at the President's speech.

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি past indefinite tense এ আছে।

• Past indefinite tense জাতীয় বাক্যের এর passive from হবে -
- object এর subjective form
- be verb
- verb এর past participle form
- by/at/with
- subject এর objective form.

• Passive voice এ Satisfied এরপর Object এর পূর্বে by এর পরিবর্তে with ব্যবহৃত হয়।
তাই এর সঠিক passive হবে - The people were satisfied with the President's speech.

৪৯.

He annoyed me. (Passive)

ক
ক) I was annoyed with him.
খ
খ) I was annoyed at him.
গ
গ) I was annoyed by him.
ঘ
ঘ) I was annoyed for him.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice এ annoyed এর পর ব্যক্তির পূর্বে with বসে আর বস্তুর পূর্বে at বসে।

৫০.

She spoke to the official on duty. (Passive)

ক
The official was spoken to by her on duty
খ
She was spoken to by official on duty
গ
The official on duty was spoken to by her
ঘ
She was the official to be spoken to on duty

ব্যাখ্যা

'Active voice' past indefinite- এ থাকলে passive voice- এ রুপান্তরের নিয়ম:

Object টির Subjective form + was/were + মূল verb এর past participle + by + Subject টির Objective form.

Active voice: She spoke to the official on duty.
Passive voice: The official on duty was spoken to by her.

৫১.

The correct passive form of: Who will guide the tourists?

ক
Who will the tourists be guided to?
খ
By whom the tourists will be guided?
গ
By whom will the tourists be guided?
ঘ
By whom the tourists would be guided?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: Who will guide the tourists?
• Passive: By whom will the tourists be guided?

• Who যুক্ত Interrogative Sentence এর Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- এরপর Tense ও Person অনুযায়ী modal auxiliary Verb বসাতে হয়।
- Object টি Subject হয়
- Tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/being/been বসাতে হয়।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।
- সবার শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

• Structure: By whom + auxiliary verb + subject + V₃ + ?

• More Examples:
- Active: Who will help you?
- Passive: By whom will you be helped?

- Active: Who has broken the glasses?
- Passive: By whom have the glasses been broken?

৫২.

“Have you learnt your lesson?” The correct passive voice of this sentence is-

ক
Have your lesson been learnt by you?
খ
Has your lesson been learnt by you?
গ
Have your lesson learnt by you?
ঘ
Has your lesson learnt by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

Present Perfect Tense এর interrogative sentence কে passive voice করার জন্য structure:
Have/has +Subject + been + past participle of verb +by +object
আলোচ্য passive voice এর বাক্যে subject ‘your lesson’ third person singular number হওয়ায় auxiliary verb ‘has’ হয়েছে।

৫৩.

She explained that she had completed the assignment. (passive)

ক
It was explained by her that the assignment had been complete by her.
খ
The assignment was completed to explained by her.
গ
That the assignment was completed to explained by her.
ঘ
It was explained by her that the assignment had been completed by her.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Complex এবং compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
- এরূপ ক্ষেত্রে কখনো কখনো introductory 'It' ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি একটি complex sentence.
- তাই এর passive করবার ক্ষেত্রে উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।
- কিন্তু clause গুলো স্থান পরিবর্তন করবে না।

• এটি একটি complex sentence যেখানে দুটি clause রয়েছে:
- "She explained" — এটি Past Indefinite Tense-এ রয়েছে।
- "She had completed the assignment" — এটি Past Perfect Tense-এ রয়েছে।

• Past Indefinite Tense-কে passive voice-এ রূপান্তর করতে হলে was/were + মূল verb-এর past participle ফর্ম ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
• Past Perfect Tense-কে passive voice-এ রূপান্তর করতে হলে had been + মূল verb-এর past participle ফর্ম ব্যবহার করতে হয়।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: She explained that she had completed the assignment.
Passive: It was explained by her that the assignment had been completed by her.

৫৪.

Never ignore the rules. (Make it passive)

ক
Let not the rules be ignored.
খ
Let not the rules ever be ignored.
গ
Let not be the rules ignored.
ঘ
Both ক + খ

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Never ignore the rules.
Passive: Let not the rules ever be ignored.

• Never যুক্ত imperative sentence কে দুইরকম ভাবে passive voice- এ পরিবর্তন করা যায় -
1. Let + not + object + ever + be + মূল verb এর past participle.
- Let not the rules ever be ignored.

• অথবা
- প্রথমে Let never + active voice এর object টি subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle.
- যেমন - Let never the rules be ignored.

• যেহেতু, প্রশ্নে Let not the rules ever be ignored - আছে তাই এটিই সঠিক উত্তর।
অপশন ক) তে Let not the rules be ignored এর স্থলে Let never the rules be ignored হলে বাক্যটি সঠিক হতো।

৫৫.

You said to me, 'would you help me, please? 'বাক্যের সঠিক indirect speech -

ক
You politely ask me if I would help you.
খ
You politely asked me that if I should help you.
গ
You pulitely asked me that whether I would help you.
ঘ
You politely asked me if I would help you

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ যদি Direct speech Interrogative sentence হয়, তাহলে indirect speech এ if/whether বসে এবং Reported speech কে Indirect করার সময় sentence কে assertive করে নিতে হয়।
- Reporting verb টি past tense এ হওয়ায়, Reported speech - ও past tense এ হবে।
- reported speech এর will এর পরিবর্তিত হয়ে would হবে।

সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর - You politely asked me if I would help you.

অন্যান্য অপশনগুলো -
- asked me that থাকায় বাক্যটি ভুল।
- whether - conjunction এর পূর্বে that ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে যার কারণে এ দুটি ভুল।
- ask me থাকায় এটি ভুল।

৫৬.

I shall do the work. (Make passive)

ক
I shall be doing the work.
খ
The work may be done by me.
গ
The work would be done by me.
ঘ
The work will be done by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: I shall do the work.
• Passive: The work will be done by me.

• Active Voice এ future indefinite tense এর হলে: (Sub + shall/will + verb + object)
Passive voice এর structure হবে -
• Object টি subjective form হয়+ shall/will + be + verb এর past participle + by +Subject টি objective form.
যেমন:
Active: I will visit my aunt’s house.
Passive: My aunt’s house will be visited by me.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৫৭.

The car was fixed by Johny. (Make it active)

ক
Johny has fixed the car.
খ
The car fixed Johny.
গ
Johny is fixing the car.
ঘ
Johny fixed the car.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive: The car was fixed by Johny.
Active: Johny fixed the car.

• Past Indefinite Tense এর Passive Voice কে Active Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Object টি subject হয়,
- was/ were উঠে যায়,
- মূল verb এর Past form হয়,
- by উঠে যায়।
- Subject টির subjective form বসে।

৫৮.

I will explain how I got a job in primary school. (Passive)

ক
It will be explained by me that how a job was got by me in primary school.
খ
How a job was got by me in primary school I will be explained by.
গ
How I got a job in primary school will be explained by me?
ঘ
How I got a job in primary school will be explained by me.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active Voice: I will explain how I got a job in primary school.
Passive Voice: How I got a job in primary school will be explained by me. (অপশন 'ক')

• Future Indefinite যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম -
→ প্রথমে object = how I got a job in primary school, passive voice- এ subject রূপে বসবে।
→ Passive voice- এ How I got a job in primary school এর পর shall/will + be বসবে।
→ এরপর verb = explain এর past participle form = explained বসবে।
→ এরপর by বসবে।
→ 'by' এরপর active voice এর subject = I, passive voice এ object = me রূপে বসে।

৫৯.

Which of the following sentences is the correct example of the passive voice of the Intransitive verb?

ক
ক) He must be punished by you.
খ
খ) Have her lessons being learned by Sumi?
গ
গ) The lame man was laughed at by the boys.
ঘ
ঘ) We are taught grammar by Mr. Jibon.

ব্যাখ্যা

- সাধারণত Intransitive verb এর passive voice হয় না কিন্তু Intransitive verb এর পর preposition যুক্ত হয়ে যদি group verb গঠন করে তখন তা transitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- এর voice পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম: object টির subject + Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary Verb + V3 + By + প্রদত্ত preposition + By + subject টির object.

নিয়মানুযায়ী The lame man was laughed at by the boys সঠিক উত্তর।

৬০.

Identify the correct sentence.

ক
I got the task do by Akash.
খ
I got the task to done by Akash.
গ
I got the task done by Akash.
ঘ
I got the task have done by Akash.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Causative verb হলো যে verb দ্বারা নিজে কাজ না করে কিছু করানোকে বুঝায়।
- এ Verb এর Object টাই মূলত Subject. Subject এর কাজ হচ্ছে Object কে দিয়ে সেটা করিয়ে নেয়া।

Causative Verb যুক্ত sentence Active Voice এ হলে ২টি structure হয়। যথা
i) Subject + make/ have + Object* + Verb এর Base Form
- I make him do the work. (আমি তাকে দিয়ে কাজটি করাই)

ii) Subject + get/ cause + Object* + to + Verb এর Base Form (এ Object টি পরের Verb এর Subject হবে।) যেমন
- I get him to do the work. (আমি তাকে দিয়ে কাজটি করাই)

• Causative Verb যুক্ত sentence Passive Voice এ হলে ২টি structure হয়। যথা -
(i) Sub+ make/ have/ get/ cause + Obj*+ Verb এর Past Participle (*এ Obj-টি পরের Verb এরও Obj)
=> I make the work done by him.

(ii) Sub+ (be)+ make/ cause এর Past Participle (made/ caused) + to + Verb
=> He was made to do the work.

• যেহেতু অপশনে উল্লিখিত বাক্যগুলো passive এ আছে, তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী, I got the task done by Akash - বাক্যটি সঠিক।

৬১.

Ratul has made black coffee. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) Black coffee was being made by Ratul
খ
খ) Black coffee has been made by Ratul.
গ
গ) Black coffee had made by Ratul.
ঘ
ঘ) Black coffee have been made by Ratul.

ব্যাখ্যা

Present perfect Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:

- Object টির subjective form + have been/ has been + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.
যেমন-
Active voice: Tonmoy has made tea.
Passive voice: Tea has been made by Tonmoy.

৬২.

The passive form of: She decided to repair the car.

ক
She decided that the car be repaired.
খ
She decided that the car has to be repaired.
গ
She decided that the car should have repaired.
ঘ
She decided that the car should be repaired.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: She decided to repair the car.
- Passive: She decided that the car should be repaired.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসে।
- that বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসে।
- should be বসে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসে।

• More examples:
- Active: They agreed to sign the contract.
- Passive: They agreed that the contract should be signed.

Source:
1. A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৬৩.

'Who gave you this pen?' বাক্যের Passive form হচ্ছে -

ক
By whom were you got this pen?
খ
By whom were you given this pen?
গ
By whom was you given this pen?
ঘ
By whom have you been given this pen?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Who যুক্ত Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার সময় -
- Who এর পরিবর্তে প্রথমে By whom বসে।
- Tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary বসে।
- Object টির Subject রূপ বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: Who gave you this pen?
Passive: By whom were you given this pen?

৬৪.

Change the voice of the sentence: ‘Have you taken a rest?’

ক
ক) Has a rest been taken by you?
খ
খ) Had a rest taken by you?
গ
গ) Have a rest been taken by you?
ঘ
ঘ) Have a rest be take by you?

ব্যাখ্যা

• "Have you taken a rest?" এর সঠিক Passive form হবে -
- Has a rest been taken by you?

• কারণ -
- Interrogative sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের সময় Do/ does/ did ছাড়া অন্য কোন Auxiliary Verb থাকলে সেটাকে বাদ দেয়া যাবে না।
- তবে একই গ্রুপের Verb সমূহ যেগুলো Number Person পরিবর্তনের কারণে পরিবর্তিত হয় সেগুলো Subject Object পরিবর্তনের কারণে পরিবর্তিত হবে।
• একই গ্রুপের verb এর উদাহরণ -
1. am/is/are
2. was / were
3. have / has
4. shall/will

• প্রশ্নে -
- Active: Have you taken a rest?
- Passive: Has a rest been taken by you?
- Active Voice এ যেহেতু Subject ছিল You, তাই এর পূর্বে Have বসেছে।
- আর Passive Voice এ Subject যেহেতু a rest, তাই Auxiliary Verb হিসেবে “has” বসেছে।

৬৫.

Change into Passive voice:
The detective found the lost necklace.

ক
ক) The lost necklace should ﬁnd the detective.
খ
খ) The lost necklace was found by the detective.
গ
গ) The lost necklace founded by the detective.
ঘ
ঘ) The lost necklace had been found by the detective.

ব্যাখ্যা

প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি past indefinite এ রয়েছে।

'Active voice' past indefinite এ থাকলে passive voice এ রুপান্তরের নিয়ম-:

Object টির subjective form + was/were + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject টির objective form.

অতএব প্রদত্ত বাক্যের passive form:

The lost necklace was found by the detective.

৬৬.

The research has been conducted sincerely by them for ten years. (Make it Active)

ক
ক) They has been conducting the research sincerely for ten years.
খ
খ) They have been conducting the research sincerely for ten years.
গ
গ) They have conducted the research sincerely for ten years.
ঘ
ঘ) They have conducting the research sincerely for ten years.

ব্যাখ্যা

Passive Voice এ Perfect Tense (have + been + Verb এর Past participle) এর গঠন থাকলেও যদি বাক্যের মধ্যে Point of Time বা Period of Time (এখানে for ten years) উল্লেখ করা থাকে, তাহলে Active Voice এ বাক্যটাকে Perfect Continuous Tense (have + been + verb+ing) বানিয়ে বসাতে হয়।
সে অনুসারে সঠিক Active voice হবে -
They have been conducting the research sincerely for ten years.

৬৭.

Change the voice: He will have known it by this time.

ক
ক) By this time he would have known it.
খ
খ) It would have known by him by this time.
গ
গ) It will have been known by him by this time.
ঘ
ঘ) It would have been known by him by this time.

ব্যাখ্যা

He will have known it by this time- এই sentence টি Future Perfect Tense এ আছে।
• Future Perfect Tense এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Object টি Subject হবে + shall/will + have been + Verb এর Past participle form বসবে + by + subject টি object হবে + phrase/clause বসবে।
- তাই সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে: It will have been known by him by this time.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৬৮.

What has been expected by the poor from the rich? (Active)

ক
ক) What the poor have expected from the rich?
খ
খ) What has the poor expected from the rich?
গ
গ) What have the poor expected from the rich?
ঘ
ঘ) By what have the poor expected from the rich?

ব্যাখ্যা

Adjective এর আগে the থাকলে ( the poor) তা Plural Common Noun হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।
Wh Words (who, what ইত্যাদি) ছাড়া অন্য কিছু Subject হলে Interrogative Sentence এ Auxiliary Verb – Subject এর পূর্বে বসে।

৬৯.

Which will be the appropriate passive form of the sentence: Complete the novel without any delay.

ক
ক) Let the novel been completed without any delay.
খ
খ) Let the novel being complete without any delay.
গ
গ) Let the novel be completed without any delay.
ঘ
ঘ) The novel should be completed without any delay.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:

• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসবে।
- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে।
- be বসবে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

Structure: Let + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle.

Active: Complete the novel without any delay.
Passive: Let the novel be completed without any delay.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭০.

Never disobey your parents. (Change the voice)

ক
Let not your parents never be disobeyed.
খ
Let your parents be ever disobeyed.
গ
Let never your parents be disobeyed.
ঘ
Don't disobey your parents.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: Never disobey your parents.
- Passive: Let never your parents be disobeyed.

• Never যুক্ত Imperative Sentence কে Passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let never বসে,
- Object টি Subject রূপে বসে,
- be বসে ,
- মূল verb এর Past participle বসে।

অথবা,
- প্রথমে Let not বসে,
- Object টি Subject রূপে বসে,
- ever বসে,
- be বসে ,
- মূল verb এর Past participle বসে।

Source:
1. A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
2. Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৭১.

We have already done the exercise. [passive]

ক
Already the exercise have been done by us.
খ
The exercise has already been done by us.
গ
The exercise had been already done by us.
ঘ
The exercise is already done by us.

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর হলো খ) The exercise has already been done by us.

• Present perfect tense এর sentence এর Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- Object টির Subject হয়।
- have been/ has been বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form হয়।
- by বসে।
- Subject এর object form হয়।

Structure: Object টির Subject + have been/ has been + মূল verb এর past participle form + by + Subject এর object form.

Active: We have already done the exercise.
Passive: The exercise has already been done by us.

Options,

ক) Already the exercise have been done by us. - ভুল।
- "Already" এর অবস্থান ভুল, Passive voice এ adverb সাধারণত auxiliary verb এর পরে বসে।
- "Have been" ভুল - "The exercise" singular, তাই "has been" হবে।

গ) The exercise had been already done by us. - ভুল।
- "Had been"- Past Perfect Passive.
- কিন্তু মূল বাক্য Present Perfect এ ছিল।

ঘ) The exercise is already done by us. - ভুল।
- "Is done" -Simple Present Passive.
- কিন্তু মূল বাক্য Present Perfect এ ছিল।

৭২.

The children will be playing football in the park. [Change the voice]

ক
Football will be being played by the children in the park.
খ
Football will be play by the children in the park.
গ
Football will have been played by the children in the park.
ঘ
Football will been played by the children in the park.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: The children will be playing football in the park.
Passive: Football will be being played by the children in the park.

• Future continuous Tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
- object টি subject রূপে বসে।
- shall be being/ will be being বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- এরপর by বসে।
- সবশেষে subject এর objective form বসে।

Active: The mentor will be advising us.
Passive: We shall be being advised by the mentor.

Active: The host will be welcoming the guests.
Passive: The guests will be being welcomed by the host.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭৩.

'Open the window in the living room. Change the voice.

ক
Let be opened the window in the living room.
খ
Let the window in the living room should be opened.
গ
Let the window in the living room be opened.
ঘ
The window in the living room might opened.

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct Passive voice is: Let the window in the living room be opened.

Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে,
শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

- প্রথমে Let বসে +
- Object টি Subject রূপে বসে +
- be বসে +
- Verb এর past participle বসে।

Active: Open the window in the living room.
Passive: Let the window in the living room be opened.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

৭৪.

Which is the correct passive voice for: "Do not touch the painting"?

ক
Let not the painting be touched.
খ
The painting is not touched.
গ
Let the painting not touched.
ঘ
The painting should not be touched.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct Answer: Let not the painting be touched.

• Rule for Negative Imperative (Prohibitive) Sentences:
- Active structure: "Do not + verb + object"
- Passive transformation: "Let not + object + be + past participle"

⇒ নিয়ম অনুসারে : Structure: Let not + object-এর subject + be + verb-এর past participle (v3)।
- এখানে: Object: Painting (কর্ম)
- Verb: Touch (ক্রিয়া, যার past participle হলো "touched")
- নেগেটিভ আকারে "Do not" থাকলে passive voice-এ "Let not" ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তাই, passive voice হবে: Let not the painting be touched.

অন্যান্য অপশনের ব্যাখ্যা:
খ) The painting is not touched. - এটা present simple passive, যা নিয়মিত ঘটনা বোঝায়। এখানে imperative tone নেই।
গ) Let the painting not touched. - এটি অর্থে ঠিক হলেও standard structure নয়। পরীক্ষায় “Let not...be V3” গ্রহণযোগ্য।
ঘ) The painting should not be touched. - অর্থে সঠিক হলেও, এটি suggestion/necessity বোঝায়, imperative negative command নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৭৫.

Change the voice:
Did the teacher praise the student?

ক
Was the student praised by the teacher?
খ
Were the student praised by the teacher?
গ
Did the student praised by the teacher?
ঘ
Was the student praise by the teacher?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ক) Was the student praised by the teacher?

- Did the teacher praise the student?

- Past Indefinite interrogative (Did) Passive এ গেলে was/were + Verb এর past participle হয়।
- Subject: the teacher, এর স্থানে passive voice এ Object: the studentবসবে।
- Verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে praise থেকে praised হবে।

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৭৬.

He will have read the book. (Change the Voice)

ক
ক) The book will have been read by him.
খ
খ) The book would have been read by him.
গ
গ) The book will have been read by he.
ঘ
ঘ) The book will has been read by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

Future Perfect Tense যুক্ত Active voice কে passive voice -এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম-
Structure:- Object টির Subjective form + shall have been/ will have been+ মূল Verb এর Past Participle + by + Subject টির Objective form :-
Active : He will have read the book.
Passive: The book will have been read by him.

৭৭.

Change the voice:
A team of skilled craftsmen renovated the old house.

ক
The old house renovated by a team of skilled craftsmen.
খ
The old house was being renovated by a team of skilled craftsmen.
গ
The old house was renovated by a team of skilled craftsmen.
ঘ
None above

ব্যাখ্যা

• Past Indefinite Tense এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Object টির subject form +
- was/were +
- মূল verb এর past participle +
- by +
- subject টির objective form বসে।

Active: A team of skilled craftsmen renovated the old house.
Passive: The old house was renovated by a team of skilled craftsmen.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭৮.

Salam has made tea. (Passive)

ক
ক) Tea is being made by Salam.
খ
খ) Tea was being made by Salam.
গ
গ) Tea has been made by Salam.
ঘ
ঘ) None of these

ব্যাখ্যা

Present perfect Tense এর Active voice থেকে Passive voice করার নিয়ম:
Object টির subjective form + have been/ has been + মূল verb এর past participle + by + subject এর objective form.
যেমন-
Active voice: Salam has made tea.
Passive voice: Tea has been made by Salam.

৭৯.

Choose the passive form of 'The invigilator was reading out the instructions.'

ক
The instructions were being read out by the invigilator.
খ
The instructions had been read out by the invigilator.
গ
The instructions were read by the invigilator.
ঘ
The instructions were read out by the invigilator.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active voice কে Passive voice- এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Active Voice এর object‌ টি Passive voice এর subject হয়
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb
- মূল verb এর past participle
- Active voice এর subject টি Passive voice এর object হয় এবং তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to ,in) বসে।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত active বাক্যটি Past continuous tense এ রয়েছে।
• Past continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
- Object এর subject + Was being/Were being + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - The instructions were being read out by the invigilator.

৮০.

Select the correct passive form:
"They are building a house."

ক
A house is built by them.
খ
A house was built by them.
গ
A house is being built by them.
ঘ
A house has been built by them.

ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক উত্তর: গ) A house is being built by them.

- Active Voice:
- They are building a house.
- Tense: Present Continuous.

- Passive Voice Structure (Present Continuous এর জন্য):
- Object + is/am/are + being + past participle (V3) + by + subject.

- A house (object) + is being + built (V3 of build) + by them
-Passive Voice: A house is being built by them.

• Other options:

ক) A house is built by them. : Present Indefinite.

খ) A house was built by them. : Past Indefinite.

ঘ) A house has been built by them. : Present Perfect.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮১.

The correct passive form of the sentence 'We are digging a canal.' is-

ক
ক) A canal is be dug by us.
খ
খ) A canal is being digging by us.
গ
গ) A canal is being dug by us.
ঘ
ঘ) A canal is dugging by us.

ব্যাখ্যা

Present Continuous Tense যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
Structure: Object টির Subjective form + am being / is being / are being + verb-এর Past Participle + by + Subject টির Objective form.
যেমন:
Active: Jerina is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by Jerina.

Active: We are digging a canal.
Passive: A canal is being dug by us.

৮২.

Read the instructions carefully. (change the voice)

ক
Let the instruction been read carefully.
খ
Let the instruction being read carefully.
গ
Let the instruction be read carefully.
ঘ
Let the instruction read carefully.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: Let the instruction be read carefully.

• মুল Verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative Sentence- এ Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার নিয়ম:
- passive voice- এ প্রথমে Let দিয়ে বাক্য শুরু হবে।
- Active voice- এর object "the instruction" passive voice- এ Let- এর পর বসবে।
- অতিরিক্ত একটি verb হিসেবে "be" বসবে।
- মূল Verb এর Past Participle 'read' বসবে।
- তারপর যথারীতি বাকি অংশ বসবে।

Other Options:
ক) Let the instruction been read carefully.
- মুল Verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative Sentence- এ Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার ক্ষেত্রে be+মূল Verb বসে। এখানে "been" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে যা সঠিক নয়।

খ) Let the instruction being read carefully.
- মুল Verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative Sentence- এ Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার ক্ষেত্রে be+মূল Verb বসে। এখানে "being" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে যা সঠিক নয়।

ঘ) Let the instruction read carefully.
- মুল Verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative Sentence- এ Active Voice কে Passive Voice করার ক্ষেত্রে be+মূল Verb বসে। এখানে মূল verb এর পূর্বে "be" অনুপস্থিত তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮৩.

The host will be welcoming the guests. (passive)

ক
The guests will be welcomed by the host.
খ
The guests will be being welcomed by the host.
গ
The guests be being welcomed by the host.
ঘ
The guests will being welcomed by the host.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Future continuous Tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম -
- object টি subject রূপে বসে।
- shall be being/ will be being বসে।
- মুল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- এরপর by বসে।
- সবশেষে subject এর objective form বসে।

Active: The mentor will be advising us.
Passive: We shall be being advised by the mentor.

Active: The host will be welcoming the guests.
Passive: The guests will be being welcomed by the host.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৪.

In each of the following questions, a sentence has been given in Active (or Passive) voice. Out of the four alternatives suggested select the one which best expresses the same sentence in Passive (or Active) voice. (Qs. ৪১ - ৪৫).
Finish your homework before dinner. (Make it passive)

ক
Let your homework being finished before dinner.
খ
Let your homework been finished before dinner.
গ
Let your homework be finished before dinner.
ঘ
Let your homework finished before dinner.

ব্যাখ্যা

• শুধু মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Imperative sentence এর Active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:

- প্রথমে Let বসবে;

- Active voice এর object টির subject রূপে বসবে;

- be বসবে;

- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

Structure: Let + object টির subject হয় + be + মূল verb এর past participle + extensions.

Active: Finish your homework before dinner.

Passive: Let your homework be finished before dinner.

৮৫.

I understand that they will announce the results tomorrow.

ক
They are understood by me to announce the results tomorrow.
খ
It is understood by me that the results will be announced tomorrow.
গ
It is understood that they will announce the results tomorrow.
ঘ
That the results will be announced tomorrow is understood to me.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Active: I understand that they will announce the results tomorrow.
• Passive: It is understood by me that the results will be announced tomorrow.

- প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি একটি complex sentence.

• Complex/compound Sentence -এর voice পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Complex/compound sentence -এর Active voice -কে passive করার সময় উভয় clause -এ যদি transitive verb থাকে তাহলে উভয়েরই voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
- তবে, transitive verb বিহীন অংশ থাকলে তা অপরবর্তিত থাকবে।
- উল্লেখ্য যে, এক্ষেত্রে Sentence -এর মাঝে that, how, when. since ইত্যাদি থাকে।
- এই ধরণের Sentence গুলোকে দুইভাবে voice পরিবর্তন করা যায়।

• Structure-1: দ্বিতীয় অংশকে 'It' ধরে। যেমন:
- Active: I understand that they will announce the results tomorrow.
- Passive: It is understood by me that the results will be announced tomorrow.

• Structure-2: প্রথমে দ্বিতীয় অংশের voice পরিবর্তন করে। যেমন:
- Active: I understand that they will announce the results tomorrow.
- Passive: That the results will be announced tomorrow is understood by me.

• প্রদত্ত Complex Sentence টির দ্বিতীয় অংশ Future Indefinite tense -এ আছে,
- Future Indefinite tense-এর Passive Voice করার নিয়ম হলো:
- প্রথমে Active voice -এর object + will be/shall be+ verb -এর past participle + by+ subject -এর object.

- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর- It is understood by me that the results will be announced tomorrow.

৮৬.

They blamed themselves for the mistake. (Make it passive)

ক
They by themselves were blamed for the mistake.
খ
They were blamed by themselves for the mistake.
গ
Themselves were blamed by them for the mistake.
ঘ
Themselves blamed them for the mistake.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Reflexive object যুক্ত Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
• Reflexive object গুলো হচ্ছে - himself, myself, themself, ourself etc.

• Structure:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর Subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় Passive voice এর Subject হিসাবে প্রথমে বসে + tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by বসে + Reflexive object টি বসে।

• Active: They blamed themselves for the mistake.
- Passive: They were blamed by themselves for the mistake.

৮৭.

Change the voice: The government agreed to ban plastic bags.

ক
Plastic bags should be banned by the government.
খ
Plastic bags were agreed to ban by the government.
গ
The government agreed that plastic bags has to be banned.
ঘ
The government agreed that plastic bags should be banned.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: The government agreed to ban plastic bags.
- Passive: The government agreed that plastic bags should be banned.

• Agree/ be anxious/ arrange/ determine/ be determined/ decide/ demand + infinitive + object যুক্ত Active voice কে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Active voice এর subject ও verb বসবে।
- that বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের Object (direct object) বসবে।
- should be বসবে।
- infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle বসবে।

• More examples:
- Active: Kabir decided to sell the house.
- Passive: Kabir decided that the house should be sold.

৮৮.

You ought to read the poem. (Make it passive)

ক
The poem ought to read by you.
খ
The poem ought to be read by you.
গ
The poem ought have to be read by you.
ঘ
The poem ought have to read by you.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active: You ought to read the poem.
- Passive: The poem ought to be read by you.

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় -
- active এর object, subject হিসাবে বসে।
- এর পরে be বসে
- তার পরেই মূল verb টির Past Participle বসে।
- by বসে
- active এর subject object হিসাবে বসে।

৮৯.

I read the books. (Make it passive)

ক
ক) The books were red by me.
খ
খ) The book was read by me.
গ
গ) The books were read by me.
ঘ
ঘ) I was read by the books.

ব্যাখ্যা

প্রদত্ত sentence-টি Past indefinite tense-এ আছে।
Past indefinite tense এর active voice কে passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
(i) Object টি subject হয়।
(ii) was/were বসে।
(iii) মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
(iv) by বসে।
(v) Subject টির objective form হয়।
তাই সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে: The books were read by me.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯০.

Find out the active form of the sentence:
By whom can the project be completed?

ক
The project will be completed by who?
খ
Who completes the project?
গ
By who completes the project?
ঘ
Who can complete the project?

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive: By whom can the project be completed?
• Active: Who can complete the project?

• Passive Voice এ By whom থাকলে Active Voice করতে হলে –
i) Subject হিসেবে Who বসে।
ii) কোনো Modal Auxiliary থাকলে তা who এর পরে বসবে। (এখানে can)
iii) be বাদ যাবে।
iv) বাদ যাওয়া be verb যে Form এ ছিল, মূল Verb- ঐ form এ বসবে। এখানে be verb – Base Form এ ছিল, তাই মূল verb ও base form এ বসবে (save)।
v) Passive Voice এর Subject - Object হয়ে বসবে।

৯১.

Choose the correct passive form of this sentence: He wants someone to take photographs.

ক
ক) He wants someone to be taken photographs.
খ
খ) He wants to take photographs by someone.
গ
গ) He is wanted to be taken photographs.
ঘ
ঘ) He wants photographs to be taken.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Subject-এর পর liking/loving/wanting/wishing etc. + object + infinitive যুক্ত Active Voice-কে Passive Voice-রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত active voice-এর subject + verb বসে
- infinitive-এর পরের object (যদি থাকে) বসে
- to be (passive infinitive) বসে
- infinitive-এর পরের verb-এর past participle বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক passive voice টি হবে - He wants photographs to be taken.

৯২.

Change the voice - Let him finish the chore.

ক
Let the chore been finished by him.
খ
Let the chore to be finished by him.
গ
Let the chore being finished by him.
ঘ
Let the chore be finished by him.

ব্যাখ্যা

Active: Let him finish the chore.
Passive: Let the chore be finished by him.

• Let যুক্ত Imperative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- Object টির subject রূপে বসে।
- be বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে।
- by বসে।
- Active voice এর subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

• Structure: Let + Object টির subject বসে + be বসে + মূল verb এর past participle form বসে + by + subject টির Object রূপে বসে।

৯৩.

The correct passive form of "you must shut these doors" is-

ক
These doors must be shut
খ
These must be shut doors
গ
Shut must be the doors
ঘ
Shut the doors you must

ব্যাখ্যা

- Active voice: You must shut these doors.
- Passive voice: These doors must be shut.

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to, ইত্যাদি modal auxiliary যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময়-
- Active এর object টি subject হিসেবে বসে।
- তারপর modal auxiliary টি বসে।
- এর পরে be বসে।
- তার পরেই মূল verb টির Past Participle বসে।
- by + active এর subject object হিসেবে বসে (যদি থাকে)।

• Note: shut এর past participle হলো shut.

৯৪.

What is the passive form of 'Cook the pasta for ten minutes'?

ক
ক) Let the pasta be cook for ten minutes.
খ
খ) Let the pasta be cooked for ten minutes.
গ
গ) Let the pasta being cooked for ten minutes.
ঘ
ঘ) Let the pasta be cooking for ten minutes.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Imperative Sentence এর ক্ষেত্রে,
শুধুমাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
i) প্রথমে Let বসে +
ii) Object টি Subject রূপে বসে +
iii) be বসে +
iv) Verb এর past participle বসে।

Active: Cook the pasta for ten minutes.
Passive: Let the pasta be cooked for ten minutes.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition.

৯৫.

Change the voice: She was making coffee.

ক
Coffee was made by her.
খ
Coffee was being prepared by her.
গ
Coffee was being made by her.
ঘ
Coffee was being made from her.

ব্যাখ্যা

She was making Coffee.
- sentence টি Past Continuous Tense এ আছে।
• Past Continuous Tense এর Active voice কে Passive voice এ রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- Object টি Subject হবে + was/were বসবে + being বসবে + Verb এর past participle হবে + by বসবে + Subject টি object হবে।

তাই সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে: Coffee was being made by her.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৯৬.

What is the passive form of the sentence 'One should take care of one's mental health.'

ক
ক) Mental health should been taken care of.
খ
খ) Mental health should be taken care of.
গ
গ) Mental health should be taken care of by One.
ঘ
ঘ) Mental health should taken care of by One.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Voice এর ক্ষেত্রে,
One + should যুক্ত Active voice থেকে passive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Active voice এর object টির subject রুপে বসবে।
- should be
- মূল verb এর past participle বসবে।

Structure: প্রথমে object টির subject রুপ হবে + should be + মূল verb এর past participle.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC by Chowdhury & Hossain.

৯৭.

A frugal man is happier than a prodigal man. (Transform into positive)

ক
ক) A frugal man is as happy as a prodigal man.
খ
খ) A frugal man is not happy as a prodigal man.
গ
গ) A prodigal man is not so happy as a frugal man.
ঘ
ঘ) A prodigal man is not less happy as a frugal man.

ব্যাখ্যা

Comparative / Superlative কে Positive করতে হলে চারটি কাজ করতে হয় :
1. Subject- Object হয়, Object - Subject হয়।
2. Affirmative -Negative হয়, Negative- Affirmative হয়।
3. Degree change হয়।
4. Indicator Change হয় (than/ the --> as... as/ so....as).

তাই, সঠিক Transformation হবে -
A prodigal man is not so happy as a frugal man.

৯৮.

The meal was cooked by Tanzima. (Make it active)

ক
Tanzima cooked the meal.
খ
Tanzima being cooked the meal.
গ
Tanzima has cooked the meal.
ঘ
Tanzima cooking the meal.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Passive Voice: The meal was cooked by Tanzima.
• Active Voice: Tanzima cooked the meal.

• Passive voice কে Active voice এ রূপান্তরিত করার নিয়ম:
- Passive voice এর object‌ টি Active Voice এর subject হয়,
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে,
- মূল verb এর base form হয়,
- Passive voice এর subject টি Active voice এর object হয়,
- তার পূর্বে Preposition (By, with, at, to, in) উঠে যায়।

৯৯.

The bridge was destroyed. Turn this sentence into an active voice.

ক
The storm destroyed the bridge.
খ
The man destroyed the bridge.
গ
The bridge destroyed itself
ঘ
The bridge destroyed by itself

ব্যাখ্যা

-প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি Past Simple Tense এ রয়েছেবাক্যের এবং এর অর্থ হচ্ছে সেতুটি ধ্বংস হয়ে গিয়েছিল ৷
এখানে উল্লেখ নেই কে/ কিভাবে সেতুটি ধ্বংস করেছিল/হয়েছিল ৷
অর্থাৎ এ বাক্যে যে কর্তা ( Action doer) কাজটি সম্পন্ন করেছিল, সে এখানে উপস্থিত নেই ৷ এরকম Action Doer বিহীন Passive কে Active Voice এ রূপান্তর করার সময় একটি যৌক্তিক কর্তা ( Action Doer) নিয়ে আসতে হবে ৷
তাই, প্রথম Option এ The storm নিয়ে আসা হয়েছে যা সকল option এর মধ্যে সবচেয়ে যৌক্তিক ৷
এরপরে নিয়ম অনুযায়ী Suject এর পরে verb-এর Past Form বসেছে এবং object হিসেবে বাক্যের শেষে the bridge বসেছে ৷

১০০.

I must cut my hair next week. (Make it passive)

ক
My hair must be cut next week.
খ
My hair must be cutt next week.
গ
My hair must have to be cutted next week.
ঘ
My hair must be cutted next week.
ঙ
My hair have to cut next week.

ব্যাখ্যা

• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় -
- active এর object, subject হিসাবে বসে।
- এর পরে be বসে
- তার পরেই মূল verb টির Past Participle বসে।
- by বসে
- active এর subject object হিসাবে বসে।

• Cut এর past and past participle উভয়ই Cut হয়।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Active: I must cut my hair next week.
Passive: My hair must be cut next week.