বিষয়সমূহ

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Conditional Sentence

মোট প্রশ্ন৫৬০এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Conditional Sentence

PrepBank · পাতা / · ১০০ / ৫৬০

.
Had I known her, I ___________ her.
  1. would meet
  2. would have met
  3. would met
  4. would had meet
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complete Sentence: Had I known her, I would have met her.
→ প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 3rd Conditional- এ রয়েছে।

•  3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তাই সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - Had I known her, I would have met her.

•  একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
1. Condition বা শর্ত  
2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
.
We _____ better seats if we had booked the tickets in advance.
  1. would have gotten
  2. would have to get
  3. would get
  4. would be got
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete sentence: we would have gotten better seats If we had booked the tickets in advance.
- Bangla meaning: যদি আমরা আগে টিকিট বুক করতাম, তবে আমরা ভালো আসন পেতাম।

• বাক্যটি একটি third Conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।
• একটি Conditional sentence-এ দু’টি clause থাকে: নির্ভরশীল / subordinate clause-টি শর্ত বোঝায় এবং প্রধান/principal clause-টি প্রেক্ষাপট বোঝায়। এদেরকে ‘if clauses’-ও বলা হয়।

3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ (would/could/might + have + V3 + extension) হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
- If clause- টি sentence -এর শুরুতে বা শেষে থাকে।

There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional: If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional: If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional: If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
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If you study hard, you ____________ your exams with flying colors.
  1. will pass
  2. would pass
  3. would have passed
  4. have passed
ব্যাখ্যা
প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত Sentence টি  একটি 1st Conditionals sentence এর উদাহরণ।

একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
1. Condition বা শর্ত  2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)

• এটি 1st Conditional হওয়ায় পরের অংশ Future tense এ হবে।
অর্থাৎ, শূন্যস্থানে will pass হবে।

Complete sentence: If you study hard, you will pass your exams with flying colors.
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(Question: 91-95) Choose the correct sentence:
  1. Had he studied harder, he would pass the exam.
  2. Had he studied harder, he would have passed the exam.
  3. Had he studied harder, he will pass the exam.
  4. Had he studied harder, he had passed the exam.
ব্যাখ্যা

◉ Correct sentence - Had he studied harder, he would have passed the exam.

Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If- এর পর Past Perfect Tense থাকলে পরবর্তী clause টিতে Past Perfect Conditional বসে।
- অর্থাৎ, would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form হয়।

আবার, অনেকসময় conditional-এ subordinate conjunction if এর পরিবর্তে sentence এর শুরুতে Had ব্যবহার করা যায় এবং এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- এবং এক্ষেত্রেও, পরবর্তী clause subject এরপর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং এর পরের verbটির past participle form হয়। 

Examples: 
- Had I known you were waiting outside, I would have invited you to come in. 
- Had Margaret realised she would be travelling alone, she would never have agreed to go.

Source: Cambridge Dictionary. 

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If I had enough time, I ______ with you.
  1. would have gone
  2. would go
  3. had go
  4. would gone
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,

Correct sentence: If I had enough time, I would go with you.

এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।
.
Identify the correct sentence:
  1. Had she see the sign, she wouldn’t taken the wrong turn.
  2. Had she seen the sign, she would take the wrong turn.
  3. Had she saw the sign, she wouldn’t have taken the wrong turn.
  4. Had she seen the sign, she wouldn’t have taken the wrong turn.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct sentence: Had she seen the sign, she wouldn’t have taken the wrong turn.

• উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নটি Third Conditional sentence-এর উপর ভিত্তি করে করা হয়েছে।
- একটি Conditional sentence-এ দু'টি clause থাকে: subordinate clause -টি শর্ত বোঝায় এবং principal clause-টি ফলাফল বোঝায়।

• Third conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে)-এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।
- If না থাকলে Condition part টি Had দ্বারা শুরু হতে পারে।
- Negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করলে would/could/might + not হয়।

• Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle.

- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক বাক্যটি হলো- ঘ) Had she seen the sign, she wouldn’t have taken the wrong turn.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
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He would go to the picnic ____ time.
  1. if he has
  2. if he had 
  3. if he would have
  4. if he have
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• যেহেতু বাক্যটির প্রথম অংশে "would go" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, এটি একটি conditional sentence হিসেবে গঠিত হচ্ছে। "would" ব্যবহার করা হলে, এটি second conditional হিসেবে বিবেচিত হয়, যা অবাস্তব বা কাল্পনিক পরিস্থিতি বোঝায়।
- এখানে main clause এ "would go" আছে, সুতরাং if clause এ past simple tense থাকা আবশ্যক। "time" এর আগে "if he had" বসবে, যার অর্থ "যদি তার সময় থাকত"।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,
Correct sentence: He would go to the picnic if he had time.

Bangla: তার যদি সময় থাকত, তবে সে পিকনিকে যেত।

এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।
.
If he had followed the recipe exactly, the cake __________ out perfectly.
  1. had have turned
  2. have turned
  3. would turn
  4. would have turned
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Third conditional sentence এ রয়েছে।

• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- অনেকসময় conditional-এ subordinate conjunction if এর পরিবর্তে sentence এর শুরুতে Had ব্যবহার করা যায় এবং এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext.
এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়। তাই পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
 
• এটি 3rd Conditional হওয়ায় পরের অংশ "would have turned" হবে।
 
Complete sentence: If he had followed the recipe exactly, the cake would have turned out perfectly.
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If I had much money I _________ you some money.
  1. ক) will give
  2. খ) would gave
  3. গ) would give
  4. ঘ) would have given
ব্যাখ্যা
•  If যুক্ত sentence এর প্রথম অংশ past indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশে subject এরপর would/could + verb এর present from হবে।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would give.
- Complete sentence: If I had much money, I would give you some money.
১০.
If we had practiced more, ___________.
  1. we would win the game
  2. we had have won the game
  3. we would have won the game
  4. we would have win the game
ব্যাখ্যা
• এই বাক্যটি একটি Third Conditional বাক্য,Third Conditional বাক্যে If + Past Perfect এবং Would have + Past Participle ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

• তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী, শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - we would have won the game.

Complete Sentence: If we had practiced more, we would have won the game.

- এখানে "If we had practiced more" (যদি আমরা আরও অনুশীলন করতাম) হলো Past Perfect tense, এবং "we would have won the game" (আমরা খেলা জিততাম) হলো would have + Past Participle tense.
১১.
If I had bought that stock last year, I __________ a lot of money.
  1. had made
  2. would make
  3. would have made
  4. have made
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + subject + past perfect tense দ্বারা কোন Conditional sentence শুরু হলে এর অপর sentence টি তে subject এরপর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং এর পরের verb টির past participle form হয়।

তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - If I had bought that stock last year, I would have made a lot of money.
১২.
If we had taken that route, __________________
  1. we would reached at the station on time.
  2. we would have reached at the station on time.
  3. we will be reached the station on time.
  4. we would have reached the station on time.
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - we would have reached the station on time.
- Complete sentence: If we had taken that route, we would have reached the station on time.

• বাক্যটি একটি Third Conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।
• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- principal clause এ would have/could have/might have + verb এর past participle থাকলে if clause টি past perfect হয়।
- যেহেতু, প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যে If clause টিতে, subject + past perfect (had + taken) আছে, তাই main clause এ subject (we) + would have + verb এর past participle হয়েছে।

• এছাড়াও, 
কিছু কিছু verb - যেমন - Reach, resemble, violate, discuss, resign, sign, investigate, recommend, order, command, enter, ইত্যাদি verb গুলো transitive বলে এদের পরে কোনো preposition বসে না।
- এদের পর সরাসরি object বসে।
- তাই অপশন খ) we would have reached at the station on time. হবে না।

• একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
১৩.
Fill in the gap. If the concert tickets had not been so expensive, more people _____________ to see the show.
  1. ক) Would came
  2. খ) would have came
  3. গ) would have come
  4. ঘ) Would come
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would have come.
- Complete sentence: If the concert tickets had not been so expensive, more people would have come to see the show.
- বাক্যটি একটি third Conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।

• একটি Conditional sentence-এ দু’টি clause থাকে: নির্ভরশীল / subordinate clause-টি শর্ত বোঝায় এবং প্রধান/principal clause-টি প্রেক্ষাপট বোঝায়।
- এদেরকে ‘if clauses’-ও বলা হয়।

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

 • 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- - If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might/must + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
১৪.
_______________ if they had known him to be innocent.
  1. He would be punished
  2. He would not be punished
  3. He would not have punished
  4. He would not have been punished
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - He would not have been punished.
- Complete sentence: He would not have been punished if they had known him to be innocent.

• বাক্যটি third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী গঠিত হয়েছে।
• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
যদি if clause টি, subject + past perfect যোগে গঠিত হয়, তবে অপর clause টিতে would have/could have/might have + verb এর past participle হয়।
- যেহেতু, প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যে  If clause টিতে, subject + past perfect (had + known) আছে, তাই main clause এ subject (I) + would have + verb এর past participle হবে

• একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল।

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
১৫.
Choose the correct sentence:
  1. If they’d told me, I would able to help.
  2. If they’d told me, I might have been able to help.
  3. If they’d told me, I would be able to help.
  4. If they’d tell me, I might have been able to help.
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct sentence: খ) If they’d told me, I might have been able to help.

• উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নটি Third Conditional sentence-এর উপর ভিত্তি করে করা হয়েছে।
- This is a third conditional sentence, used to talk about a hypothetical situation in the past and its possible result.

• Third conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে)-এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ (perfect conditional) would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।
- If না থাকলে Condition part টি Had দ্বারা শুরু হতে পারে।

• Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle.

- প্রদত্ত বাক্যে,
- If they’d told me = If they had told me (past perfect).
- I might have been able to help = perfect conditional.

- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক বাক্যটি হলো-  খ) If they’d told me, I might have been able to help.

Other options:
ক) If they’d told me, I would able to help.
- would + have + verb-এর past participle (would have been) হবে।

গ) If they’d told me, I would be able to help.
- I would be able to help → Uses present conditional, but the condition is in the past.
- so it should be "would have been able".

ঘ) If they’d tell me, I might have been able to help.
- If they’d tell me → Incorrect mixing of tenses; "they’d tell" = they would tell (not past perfect).
- If they’d told me হবে।

১৬.
If she had more time, she _________ the dance class.
  1. would joined
  2. would join
  3. would have join
  4. would have joined
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

- একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)

• সুতরাং, Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- তাই সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - If she had more time, she would join the dance class.
১৭.
If I had saved more money, ______________________. ( Fill in the gaps with appropriate conditional)
  1. I would buy that car.
  2. I would have bought that car.
  3. I will buy that car.
  4. I would bought that car.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: I would have bought that car.
Complete sentence: If I had saved more money, I would have bought that car.
- এটি একটি third conditional sentence.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 3rd conditional এর উদাহরণ। তাই If যুক্ত Clause টি past Participle form এ হওয়ায় পরবর্তী Clause এ would have+ Verb এর past participle হবে।

• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + Verb এর Past Participle + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- অনেকসময় conditional-এ subordinate conjunction if এর পরিবর্তে sentence এর শুরুতে Had ব্যবহার করা যায় এবং এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- এবং এক্ষেত্রেও, পরবর্তী clause subject এরপর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং এর পরের verbটির past participle form হয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

১৮.
Choose the correct sentence.
  1. If he known the answer, he would help us.
  2. If he had knew the answer, he would help us.
  3. If he knew the answer, he would help us.
  4. If he was know the answer, he would help us.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct sentence is - If he knew the answer, he would help us.
- এটি একটি Second conditional sentence.

Second conditional:
- এ জাতীয় Conditional Clause ভবিষ্যৎ ঘটনার উল্লেখ থাকে এবং তাতে যে শর্ত আরোপিত হয় তা পূরণ হওয়া।
- এ জাতীয় Conditional Clause এ Past Indefinite Tense থাকে।
- এবং Principal Clause এ Past Conditional + should/ would/might + verb present form ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Structure: If + Past Indefinite + Principal Clause.
- More Example: If I were a bird, I would fly.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S. M. Zakir Hussain.
১৯.
Had Akash known about the traffic, he _____________ a different route.
  1. ক) would take
  2. খ) would taken
  3. গ) would have taken
  4. ঘ) must have taken
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would have taken.
- Complete Sentence: Had Akash known about the traffic, he would have taken a different route.

• Had + subject + verb এর past participle থাকলে, এরপর would/could/might + have + verb এর past participle form ব্যবহৃত হয় ।
- Structure: Had + subject + verb এর past participle +would have + past participle.
- এই নিয়মানুযায়ী গঠিত বাক্যগুলো 3rd Conditional sentence হিসেবে পরিচিত।
২০.
If he would have taken rest as advised by the doctor, he might not have had a second heart attack.
  1. would take rest
  2. would have taken rest
  3. had taken rest
  4. took rest
  5. takes rest
ব্যাখ্যা
• Correct sentence: If he had taken rest as advised by the doctor, he might not have had a second heart attack.
- Bangla Meaning: যদি তিনি ডাক্তারের পরামর্শ অনুযায়ী বিশ্রাম নিতেন, তবে হয়তো তার দ্বিতীয় হার্ট অ্যাটাক হতো না।

• Explanation:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence টি Third Conditional sentence -এর উদাহরণ। কারণ বাক্যটির main clause -এ Third Conditional -এর নির্দেশক 'might not have had' রয়েছে।
- Third conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে) -এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী, If clause -এ had + verb -এর past participal হতে হবে।

• Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle + ext.

• সুতরাং, সঠিক replacement টি হলো- had taken rest.
২১.
If she had prepared well, she ______ the competition.
  1. had won
  2. would have won
  3. have had won
  4. have won
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি Clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ Had দিয়ে Clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত Clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় Clause টি Past Perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: If she had prepared well, she would have won the competition.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
২২.
If I had gone to bed early, I ______ the train.
  1. ক) would to be caught
  2. খ) would have caught
  3. গ) would being caught
  4. ঘ) would has caught
ব্যাখ্যা
• যদি Had/ If যুক্ত clause টি Past perfect tense হয় তাহলে পরের clause টি তে subject এর পর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং এরপর verb এর Past participle form হয়।
Example:
If I had tried, I would have passed.
If I had gone to bed early, I would have caught the train.
২৩.
If he gets the job, he _____________ to New York.
  1. moves
  2. moved
  3. will move
  4. is moving
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete Sentence: If he gets the job, he will move to New York.

- প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি একটি 1st Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।
- বাক্যটি 1st Conditional হওয়ায় পরের অংশ Future indefinite tense- এ হয়েছে।

• 1st Conditionals sentence এর সাধারণ structure হলো:
- If + present simple, will/won't + verb.

Example Sentence:
1. If you study hard, you will succeed in the exam.
2. If you finish your work on time, you will have more free time.
3. If I have time, I will join you for lunch.
4. If he doesn't hurry, he will miss the flight.

Source: Advanced Learner’s Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
২৪.
Identify the correct conditional sentence:
  1. If you want success, you will work hard.
  2. If you want success, you would work hard.
  3. If you have wanted success, you would have worked hard.
  4. If you wants success, you will works hard.
ব্যাখ্যা

The correct conditional sentence is - ক) If you want success, you will work hard.
এটি একটি First conditional sentence.

• First conditional sentence:
- The First Conditional is used to talk about real and possible future situations.
- Structure: If + Present Simple, (Future indefinite) sub + will + base verb.
- অর্থাৎ, First Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী প্রথম clause এ Present indefinite থাকলে এরপরের clause এ Future Indefinite হয়।
- যেমন: " If you want success (Present Simple), you will work hard (will + base verb)."

- উপরের If + subordinate clauseটি present indefinite tense. তাই তার অসম্পূর্ণ অংশটি অর্থাৎ principal clauseটি future indefinite tense গঠন করে sentenceটি complete করা হয়েছে।
- এ ধরনের Clause Simple Present Tense এবং Principal Clause এ Future Tense বা Imperative ব্যবহৃত হয়।

- একটি conditional sentence-এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
1. Condition বা শর্ত,
2. Consequence বা ফলাফল।

Source: Advanced Learner’s English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

২৫.
'If we had a boat, we ____ the river.' বাক্যের শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক শব্দ বসবে-
  1. will cross
  2. would be crossing
  3. would cross
  4. would make crossed
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি একটি 2nd Conditionals sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- তাই সম্পূর্ন বাক্য টি হবে - If we had a boat, we would cross the river.
২৬.
If I had more time, I _______ to play the piano.
  1. would have learnt
  2. could have learn
  3. may learn
  4. might learn
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর হবে - If I had more time, I might learn to play the piano.

• If + simple past + would/could/might + base form of the verb = 2nd Conditional.
- Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যের - if যুক্ত clause এ if + simple past (had) এসেছে তাই এরপরের অংশে might + base form of the verb(learn) হয়েছে।

• Conditional Sentence এর  সাধারণ structure হলো:
• If + simple past + would/could/might + base form of the verb = 2nd Conditional.
• If + past perfect +would have + past participle. = 3rd Conditional.
• If + simple present + will/shall + base form of the verb = 1st conditional.
২৭.
If I knew his address, I __________ to him.
  1. would have written
  2. would write
  3. would be writing
  4. will write
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete Sentence: If I knew his address, I would write to him.

→ প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি একটি second conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।
• Second Conditional এর structure: 
→ If + simple past (Verb এর past form/were/had) + would/could/might + base form of the verb.
→ অর্থাৎ, If যুক্ত clause টিতে If এরপর verb এর past indefinite or were/had আসলে এরপর subject + would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form ব্যবহৃত হয়।

More Examples of second conditional sentences:
1. If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.
2. If she studied harder, she would pass the exam.
3. If he spoke Spanish fluently, he would apply for that job.
২৮.
If I owned a zoo, I might let people interact with the animals more, allowing them to develop a greater understanding and appreciation for wildlife and its conservation.
  1. might
  2. interact
  3. to develop
  4. for
  5. No error
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যে কোনো ভুল নেই। 
- তাই সঠিক উত্তর হবে - No error
Complete sentence: If I owned a zoo, I might let people interact with the animals more, allowing them to develop a greater understanding and appreciation for wildlife and its conservation.
Bangla Meaning: যদি আমি একটি চিড়িয়াখানা পরিচালনা করতাম, তবে আমি মানুষকে প্রাণীদের সাথে আরও বেশি মিথস্ক্রিয়া করতে দিতাম, যাতে তারা বন্যজীবন এবং তার সংরক্ষণের প্রতি আরও ভালো বোঝাপড়া ও প্রশংসা তৈরি করতে পারে।

• বাক্যটি second conditional (If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.) অনুসারে গঠিত হয়েছে, তাই If+ owned + I might বসেছে।
- Let এরপর সাধারণত bare infinitive বসে তাই interact এর ব্যবহার সঠিক।
- to develop বাক্যের অর্থ সঙ্গতি রক্ষা করছে এবং appreciation এরপর preposition for এর ব্যবহার সঠিক।
২৯.
Psychologists believe that incentives __________ to increase our productivity.
  1. ক) Make us want
  2. খ) Make us to want
  3. গ) Making us want
  4. ঘ) Makes us wanting
ব্যাখ্যা
- Subject + make/made + someone/something +verb word + extension.

For example:
She made the baby take a nap.
I can’t seem to make this dishwasher run.

Source:  Barron’s TOEFL.
৩০.
If she were rich, _________________________.
  1. she will travel the world.
  2. she would travel the world.
  3. she had been travel the world.
  4. she has travel the world.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct answer is - খ) she would travel the world.
Complete sentence - If she were rich, she would travel the world.
এটি একটি Second Conditional sentence.

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- If যুক্ত Sentence এ subject এর পর be verb আসলে সেক্ষেত্রে were ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Second Conditional:
If + were + extension, would/could/might + Verb- এর present form.
যেমনঃ
- If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
- If I were you, I would pat your jacket on.
- If I were you, I would take the money.
- If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
৩১.
Identify the correct conditional sentence-
  1. If you have driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.
  2. If you had driven more carefully, you would not have an accident.
  3. If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.
  4. If you had driven more carefully, you will not have had an accident.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct conditional sentence: If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 3rd conditional এর উদাহরণ। তাই If যুক্ত Clause টি past perfect হওয়ায় পরবর্তী Clause এ would not have এর পর verb এর past participle হয়েছে।

Third conditional-এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে)-এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।
- Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle.
- Negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করলে would/could/might + not হয়।

Other options:
ক) If you have driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.
- 3rd conditional এর ক্ষেত্রে If যুক্ত Clause টি past perfect Tense এর হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

খ) If you had driven more carefully, you would not have an accident.
- 3rd conditional এর ক্ষেত্রে If যুক্ত Clause টি past perfect Tense এর হয় এবং পরবর্তী Clause এ would not have এর পর verb এর past participle হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়। 

ঘ) If you had driven more carefully, you will not have had an accident.
- 3rd conditional এর ক্ষেত্রে If যুক্ত Clause টি past perfect Tense এর হয় এবং পরবর্তী Clause এ would not have এর পর verb এর past participle হয়। তাই এটি সঠিক নয়। 

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩২.
If he had fixed the laptop it ____ .
  1. will work
  2. could work
  3. could have worked
  4. work
ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct answer: If he had fixed the laptop it could have worked.

Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,

- If + Past Perfect (had +V3) = Subject + would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle form.
- নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If যুক্ত clause এ had + Verb এর past participle form আছে ।
- তাই এই বাক্যে- could have + Past Perfect (worked) হবে।
- একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত।
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল।

There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
- Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
- 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future.
- 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb).
- 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3).

অথবা - Had + sub+ verb এর past participle + Sub+ would/could/might + have + pp of verb.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৩.
Fill in the blank with the correct phrase:
He ____ arrested if he had tried to leave the country.
  1. would
  2. could be
  3. would have been
  4. must be
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would have been.
- Complete sentenec: He would have been arrested if he had tried to leave the country.

• বাক্যটি একটি third Conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।
• একটি Conditional sentence-এ দু’টি clause থাকে: নির্ভরশীল / subordinate clause-টি শর্ত বোঝায় এবং প্রধান/principal clause-টি প্রেক্ষাপট বোঝায়।
- এদেরকে ‘if clauses’-ও বলা হয়।

 • 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- - If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3+ extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
- যেহেতু প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যে if যুক্ত clause টি(had + V3) structure এ আছে তাই অন্য clause টিতে  would + have + V3 ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।
৩৪.
If he hadn't missed the bus, he ____________ on time.
  1. would arrived
  2. would arrive
  3. would have arrived
  4. must be arrive
ব্যাখ্যা

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে -  would have arrived.
- Complete sentence: If he hadn't missed the bus, he would have arrived on time.
- বাক্যটি একটি third conditional জাতীয় বাক্য। 

 • 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- - If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

• প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নে If যুক্ত clause টি (had + V3) যোগে গঠিত, তাই এর পরবর্তী অংশে would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়েছে।

৩৫.
Fill in the gap with the right tense: If you run in the rain, you _____ cold.
  1. ক) would have catch
  2. খ) will catch
  3. গ) would catch
  4. ঘ) caught
ব্যাখ্যা
- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে- will catch.

• If যুক্ত clause টি যদি present indefinite tense হয় অপরটি future indefinite tense হয়।
Structure:
If+ present indefinite+ future indefinite.
If+ past Indefinite + past conditional (subject+would/might/could+ মূল verb এর present form)
Example of Sentence:
If you run in the rain, you will catch cold.
If he came, I would go.
৩৬.
If a substance is cohesive, it tends to__
  1. ক) stick together
  2. খ) break easily
  3. গ) retain heat
  4. ঘ) bend without difficulty
ব্যাখ্যা
The adjective cohesive comes from the Latin word cohaerere, or ''to cleave together.''
- Cohesive things stick together,so they are unified.
- বাংলা অর্থ - একত্র এঁটে থাকার অবস্থা বা প্রবণতা; আসঞ্জন।

সুতরাং, cohesive এর বৈশিষ্ট অনুসারে, এখানে সঠিক উত্তর - ক) stick together.
৩৭.
If Salina had the money, she ______ a fast car.
  1. ক) would buy
  2. খ) would bought
  3. গ) would have buy
  4. ঘ) would have bought
ব্যাখ্যা
• একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
1. Condition বা শর্ত  
2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)

• 2nd conditional sentence এর structure অনুসারে If Salina had the money, she would buy a fast car হবে।
- এখানে had (past form of have) মূল verb. 
৩৮.
Had we prepared properly, _____ .
  1. we could done well in the interview
  2. if we had done well in the interview
  3. we would have done well in the interview
  4. we should had done well in the interview
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complete Sentence: Had we prepared properly, we would have done well in the interview.

• Third Conditional এর নিয়মানুসারে:
- Complex sentence এ If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি Clause থাকে। 
- দুটি Clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ Had দিয়ে Clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত Cause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় Clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would/could/might have/ should have) বসে।
- এরপরে Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle.

- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হলো- গ) we would have done well in the interview

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.
৩৯.
If you don't hurry, you ____ miss the train.
  1. ক) will
  2. খ) will be
  3. গ) would have
  4. ঘ) would be
ব্যাখ্যা
• First conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If + present indefinite + comma + future indefinite. 
-If যুক্ত clause টি present indefinite tense এ থাকলে এর পরের অংশে future indefinite হবে।
সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - will 
Complete Sentence: If you don't hurry, you will miss the train.
৪০.
If I had seen the sign, I ________________ the car.
  1. stopped
  2. have stopped
  3. would have stopped
  4. would stop
ব্যাখ্যা
• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

• তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী, শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে -  would have stopped.

Complete Sentence: If I had seen the sign, I would have stopped the car.
৪১.
Had I known about the party, I ______________.
  1. would had attended
  2. would have attended
  3. have attended
  4. would attend
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

• Complete Sentence: Had I known about the party, I would have attended.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪২.
If he had a bike, he ______ to work.
  1. would have ridden
  2. have ridden
  3. would ride
  4. had ridden
ব্যাখ্যা

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,
Correct sentence: If he had a bike, he would ride to work.

এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।

অন্যান্য অপশন ভুল কারণ:

- would have ridden → এটি third conditional এর জন্য, কিন্তু উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

- have ridden → structure ভুল।

- had ridden → এটি past perfect, এখানে প্রযোজ্য নয়।

৪৩.
If I won the lottery, __________________. (Fill in the blank)
  1. I will buy a house.
  2. I would buy a house.
  3. I would have bought a house.
  4. I might have bought a house.
ব্যাখ্যা

Complete sentence: If I won the lottery, I would buy a house.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 2nd Conditional এর উদাহরণ। তাই If  যুক্ত clause টি past indefinite tense থাকলে, পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject-এর পরে would/could/might + verb-এর base form বসে।

Second conditional-এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- শর্তযুক্ত অংশে If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause থাকলে, পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject-এর
 পরে would/could/might + verb-এর base form বসে।
- Structure: If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb-এর base form + extension.

Other options 
ক) I will buy a house.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 2nd Conditional এর ক্ষেত্রে পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject-এর পরে would/could/might + verb-এর base form বসে।
তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

গ) I would have bought a house.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 2nd Conditional এর ক্ষেত্রে পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject-এর পরে would/could/might + verb-এর base form বসে।
এখানে would এর পর verb এর Past Participle form ব্যবহার করায় তাই এটি সঠিক নয়।

ঘ) I might have bought a house.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 2nd Conditional এর উদাহরণ। তাই If  যুক্ত clause টি past indefinite tense থাকলে, পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject-এর পরে would/could/might + verb-এর base form বসে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৪৪.
Choose the correct sentence with the second conditional-
  1. We would have more money if we don't buy so many clothes.
  2. We would have more money if we didn't buy so many clothes.
  3. We would have more money if we had not bought so many clothes.
  4. We will have more money if we didn't buy so many clothes.
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct sentence:  We would have more money if we didn't buy so many clothes.
- Conditional sentence টি 2nd condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে সঠিক। কারণ 2nd condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে If যুক্ত Clause টি Past Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clause টিতে would /Could + verb এর Present form হয়।

• 2nd Condition এর নিয়ম:
- If যুক্ত clause এ যদি past tense হয়, তাহলে অপরাংশে সাধারণত would+ verb - এর base form হয়।
- Negative করার প্রয়োজন হলে would not + verb এর base form হয়।
- তবে, could/might ও হতে পারে।

Other options:

ক) We would have more money if we don't buy so many clothes.
- ভুল কারণ, কারণ 2nd condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে If যুক্ত Clause টি Past Indefinite tense হয়। এখানে উক্ত Clause টি Present Tense এ রয়েছে।

গ) We would have more money if we had not bought so many clothes.
- ভুল কারণ, কারণ 2nd condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে If যুক্ত Clause টি Past Indefinite tense হয়। এখানে উক্ত Clause টি Past Perfect Tense এ রয়েছে।

ঘ) We will have more money if we didn't buy so many clothes.
- ভুল কারণ, কারণ 2nd condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে If যুক্ত Clause টি Past Indefinite tense হলে অপর Clause টিতে would /Could + verb এর Present form হয়।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৪৫.
Had she finished her homework, she ______ out.
  1. would have go
  2. would have gone
  3. have gone
  4. would go
ব্যাখ্যা
Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়।
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: Had she finished her homework, she would have gone out.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৪৬.
__________________, I would buy a house by the beach.
  1. If I had won the lottery
  2. If I will win the lottery
  3. If I win the lottery
  4. If I won the lottery
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি একটি 2nd Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

Structure: If + simple past tense, would/could/might + base form of the verb.

• Second conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- Conditional-এ subordinate conjunction 'If' এর পর Simple Past Tense হলে,
তার পরবর্তী Clause- এ would/could/might + base form of the verb. হবে।

Complete sentence: If I won the lottery, I would buy a house by the beach.

Example Sentence:
1. If I had a million dollars, I would travel around the world.
2. If she studied harder, she would pass the exam.
3. If it rained tomorrow, we would stay indoors and watch movies.

- These are examples of the second conditional.
৪৭.
Had I been there, ___________.
  1. I would help him.
  2. he would have saved.
  3. he could have been saved.
  4. I would have been saved him.
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - he could have been saved.
- Complete sentence: Had I been there, he could have been saved.

• বাক্যটি third conditional এ আছে।
- 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- Had + Subject + verb এর past participle form হলে এরপরের অংশে Subject + would/could/might + have + verb এর past participle form + ext হয়। 
- কিন্তু যদি বাক্যটি passive sense প্রকাশ করে তবে - If passive = sub+ would/could/ might + have+ been +PP হয়।

- উল্লিখিত দুইটি নিয়ম অনুযায়ী অপশনগুলোর মধ্যে একমাত্র সঠিক উত্তর - he could have been saved.
৪৮.
Fill in the gap: If they ______ earlier, they would have arrived on time.
  1. ক) had been left
  2. খ) had left
  3. গ) had being left
  4. ঘ) had be left
ব্যাখ্যা
• Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional:
- ১ম অংশে Had + sub + V3 এবং পরের অংশে sub + would have/could have/might have + V3 + extension.
Example:
1. If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on time.
2. If he had stayed in the same room as Dave, it would have been a disaster.

Source: Cambridge Dictionary Grammar.
৪৯.
Had they finished the project earlier, ______________
  1. they could take a break.
  2. they could be taken a break.
  3. they could had taken a break.
  4. they could have taken a break.
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - they could have taken a break.
- Complete sentence: Had they finished the project earlier, they could have taken a break.

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি Third Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।
- 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
- অথবা - Had + sub+ verb এর past participle + Sub+ would/ could/might + have + pp of verb.

• নিয়মানুযায়ী, Had যুক্ত clausটিতে subject + verb এর past participle( Had they finished) থাকাতে, এরপরের clause টিতে Sub+ could/+ have + pp of verb(they could have taken) হয়েছে।
--------------------------
• একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
৫০.
If _______ it was your birthday, I _________ you a present.
  1. I have known, would have bought
  2. I knew, would have bought
  3. I have known, would buy
  4. I knew, would have buy
  5. I had known, would have bought
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানদ্বয়ে  সঠিক উত্তর - I had known, would have bought.
- Complete sentence: If I had known it was your birthday, I would have bought you a present.
• বাক্যটি Third conditional এর ভিত্তিতে সঠিক।

 • 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If-এর পর Past Perfect Tense থাকলে পরবর্তী Sentence টিতে Past Perfect Conditional বসে।
অর্থাৎ, would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form হয়।
Structure: If + Past Perfect Tense + Past Perfect Conditional.
Example: If you had come, I would have gone there.

• অথবা, 
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
- Had I known about the traffic, I would have left earlier.
৫১.
If we had a car, we ____ to home.
  1. ক) would be going
  2. খ) would go
  3. গ) went
  4. ঘ) go
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি একটি 2nd Conditionals sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

- তাই সম্পূর্ণ বাক্য টি হবে - If we had a car, we would go to home.
৫২.
If the bus arrives on time, we _________ the train.
  1. would catch
  2. caught
  3. will catch
  4. will be caught
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete Sentence: If the bus arrives on time, we will catch the train.

→ প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি একটি 1st Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।
→ বাক্যটি 1st Conditional হওয়ায় পরের অংশ Future tense- এ হয়েছে।

1st Conditionals sentence এর সাধারণ structure হলো:
- If + present simple, will/won't + verb.

Example Sentence:
1. If you study hard, you will succeed in the exam.
2. If you finish your work on time, you will have more free time.
3. If I have time, I will join you for lunch.
4. If he doesn't hurry, he will miss the flight.

Source: Advanced Learner’s Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৫৩.
If I had known it was your birthday, I _______ you a gift.
  1. have had bought
  2. had bought
  3. would have bought
  4. have bought
ব্যাখ্যা
Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: If I had known it was your birthday, I would have bought you a gift.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৫৪.
 Identify the error from the following underlined parts of the sentence.
Had he invested wisely, he wouldn't had had to struggle financially during his retirement years.
  1. invested
  2. had
  3. during
  4. retirement
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যে ভুল অংশটুকু হচ্ছে -  had.

• বাক্যটি একটি third conditional জাতীয়বাক্য। 
- Third conditional এর গঠন দুই ধরনের হয়ে থাকে -
1. If + Past Perfect (had +V3) = Subject + would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle form.
2. Had + subject+ V=  Subject + would have/could have/might have + Verb এর past participle form.
- অর্থাৎ, Had যুক্ত clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী উল্লিখিত বাক্যের প্রথম অংশে - Had + subject+ V3 (Had + he + invested + extension) আছে
- সুতরাং এরপরের clause এর গঠন -  Subject + would have/could have/might have + V3 ( he +wouldn't have had to struggle financially during his retirement years)
- Complete correct sentence: Had he invested wisely, he wouldn't have had to struggle financially during his retirement years.
৫৫.
Complete the following sentence. If I had known you were coming -
  1. ক) I would have cooked your favourite food items.
  2. খ) I had cooked your favourite food items.
  3. গ) I would be cooking your favourite food items.
  4. ঘ) I would cook your favourite food items.
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ If I had known you were coming - I would have cooked your favourite food items.
 
- Third conditional sentences are used to explain that present circumstances would be different if something different had happened in the past.
- When using the third conditional, we use the past perfect (i.e., had + past participle) in the if-clause.
- The modal auxiliary (would, could, should, etc.) + have + past participle in the main clause expresses the theoretical situation that could have happened.
Source: British Council
৫৬.
Which one is correct?
  1. If I had a million dollars, I would have traveled the world.
  2. If I had a million dollars, I would travel the world.
  3. If I had a million dollars, I would traveled the world.
  4. If I had a million dollars, I had travel the world.
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,
Correct sentence: If I had a million dollars, I would travel the world.

এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।
৫৭.
Shaheen would never have taken the job if __ what great demand it would make on his time.
  1. he knew
  2. he had been knowing
  3. he had known
  4. he was knowing
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে  সঠিক উত্তর - he had known
- Complete sentence: Shaheen would never have taken the job if he had known what great demand it would make on his time.
• বাক্যটি Third conditional এর উদাহরণ।

 • 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If-এর পর Past Perfect Tense থাকলে পরবর্তী Sentence টিতে Past Perfect Conditional বসে।
- অর্থাৎ, would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form হয়।
- Structure: If + Past Perfect Tense + Past Perfect Conditional.
 -Example: If you had come, I would have gone there.

• অথবা, 
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।
- Had I known about the traffic, I would have left earlier.
৫৮.
Identify the correct sentence.
  1. If he had listened to the teacher, he would have understand the lesson.
  2. If he had listened to the teacher, he would understood the lesson.
  3. If he listened to the teacher, he would have understood the lesson.
  4. If he had listened to the teacher, he would have understood the lesson.
ব্যাখ্যা

• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

Correct Sentence: If he had listened to the teacher, he would have understood the lesson.

Other options,

ক) If he had listened to the teacher, he would have understand the lesson.
- “would have understand”- ভুল।
- “understand” এর পরিবর্তে Past Participle “understood” ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

খ) If he had listened to the teacher, he would understood the lesson.
- “would understood” - ভুল।
- “would” এর পরে মূল ক্রিয়ার past participle লাগবে → “would have understood”।

গ) If he listened to the teacher, he would have understood the lesson.
- “If he listened” - ভুল।
- Simple Past use করা হয়েছে, কিন্তু Type 3 এ If + Past Perfect লাগবে।

৫৯.
Complete the sentence: If you had informed me before, I ___ you.
  1. would met
  2. will have met
  3. would have met
  4. would meet
ব্যাখ্যা
• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।
তাই পরবর্তী clause এ - would/could/might + have + V3 + extension. ব্যবহৃত হয়।

তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী শূন্যস্থানে would have met বসবে।

Complete sentence: If you had informed me before, I would have met you.
৬০.
If the streets would have been clearly marked it would not have taken us so long to find his house.
  1. would have
  2. clearly
  3. would not have
  4. so long to find his house
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি ভুল অংশটুকু হচ্ছে - would have.
- প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 3rd conditionals জাতীয় বাক্য।
•  3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
 - If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী If যুক্ত clause এ would have এর স্থলে had বসালে বাক্যটি সঠিক হবে। 

• সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - If the streets had been clearly marked it would not have taken us so long to find his house.
৬১.
I ________ to the party if you had invited me
  1. would go
  2. had gone
  3. would be gone
  4. would have gone
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক উত্তর হবে - I would have gone to the party if you had invited me.

• বাক্যটি একটি Third Conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।
Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- principal clause এ would have/could have/might have + verb এর past participle থাকলে if clause টি past perfect হয়।
- যেহেতু, প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যে main clause এ subject (i) + would have + verb এর past participle আছে তাই If clause টিতে, subject + past perfect (had +invited) হয়েছে।

• একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
৬২.
Ice melts _____ you expose it to room temperature.
  1. hardly had
  2. if
  3. unless
  4. if you
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি একটি Zero Conditional sentence (shows scientific and general truth) এর উদাহরণ।
- তাই শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - if.
- Complete sentence: Ice melts if you expose it to room temperature.

• Zero Conditional এর structure:
- If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
- যেমন: Water boils if you heat it to 100° centigrade.
• এখানে, principal clause এবংsubordinate clause উভয়টিতে present simple use হয়েছে এবং scientific truth নির্দেশ করা হয়েছে।

অন্য অপশনগুলোর মধ্যে - 
ক) if এরপর you না থাকলে উত্তর নেয়া যেতো।
খ) unless এর ব্যবহারে বাক্যের অর্থ সঠিক হবে না।
গ) hardly had...when এভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং পরের clause এ past indefinite হয়।
৬৩.
Which of the following sentences uses correct conditional grammar?
  1. If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it will boil.
  2. If I had listened to my parents, I wouldn't had made that mistake.
  3. If he studied harder, he would passed the exam.
  4. If it’s sunny tomorrow, we will go to the beach.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Conditioals এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
ঘ) If it’s sunny tomorrow, we will go to the beach. বাক্যটি সঠিক।
- বাক্যটি একটি First conditional এর উদাহরণ।

• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা  Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

• প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা, তাই If + present + future হবে।
-------------------------
• অন্যদিকে, 

অপশন ক) 
• Zero conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী বাক্যটি ভুল।
- Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
- If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে এবং  চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য নির্দেশ করে তবে Present indefinite হয়।
- সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.

অপশন খ) 
• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী বাক্যটি ভুল।
- 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
- সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - If I had listened to my parents, I wouldn't have made that mistake.

অপশন গ) 
• Second conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী বাক্যটি ভুল।
- 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
- সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - If he studied harder, he would pass the exam.
৬৪.
If the price is high, demand ________.
  1. ক) will decrease
  2. খ) will be decreased
  3. গ) would be decreased
  4. ঘ) would have been decreased
ব্যাখ্যা
• First conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If + present indefinite + comma + future indefinite. 
-If যুক্ত clause টি present indefinite tense এ থাকলে এর পরের অংশে future indefinite হবে।
- সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর -  will decrease.
- Complete Sentence: If the price is high, demand  will decrease.
৬৫.
Had Israel and Lebanon reached a comprehensive peace agreement in the 1990s, the ongoing disputes over border issues might have been avoided.
  1. should be
  2. may have been
  3. will be
  4. No improvement
ব্যাখ্যা
• The required answer is - No improvement .
• Complete sentence: Had Israel and Lebanon reached a comprehensive peace agreement in the 1990s, the ongoing disputes over border issues might have been avoided. 
- বাক্যটি Third conditional এর উদাহরণ।
 
• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If clause- এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause a would/could/might/must + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

• এছাড়াও, 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3).
৬৬.
_____ a Taxi, we wouldn't have missed the train.
  1. ক) If we took
  2. খ) If we had taken
  3. গ) If we take
  4. ঘ) If we will take
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি 3rd conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।
- 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
- যেমন - f you had worked harder, you would have passed your exams.

• সুতরাং, শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে -If we had taken.
- Complete sentence: If we had takena Taxi, we wouldn't have missed the train. 
৬৭.
Identify the correct sentence.
  1. If the community understood the dangers of mob justice, they will seek alternative ways to address their grievances.
  2. If the community understand the dangers of mob justice, they would seek alternative ways to address their grievances.
  3. If the community understood the dangers of mob justice, they would seek alternative ways to address their grievances.
  4. If the community understood the dangers of mob justice, they could have seek alternative ways to address their grievances.
ব্যাখ্যা
• The correct sentence: If the community understood the dangers of mob justice, they would seek alternative ways to address their grievances. (অপশন 'গ')

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
৬৮.
Choose the correct sentence.
  1. If he had apologized, she have forgiven him.
  2. If he had apologized, she would forgiven him.
  3. If he apologized, she would have forgiven him.
  4. If he had apologized, she would have forgiven him.
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নটি করা হয়েছে Third conditional sentence এর উপর ভিত্তি করে।

• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- Had + Subject + Past Participle দ্বারা কোন Conditional sentence শুরু হলে এর অপর sentence perfect conditional
- অর্থাৎ subject এরপর would have/could have/might have বসে এবং এর পরের verbটির past participle form হয়

Complete sentence: If he had apologized, she would have forgiven him.
৬৯.
Had I been a king, I _______ the poor.
  1. have helped
  2. would have helped
  3. helped
  4. helps
ব্যাখ্যা
• নিম্নের বাক্যটি 3rd condition অনুসরণ করে
Had I been rich, I would have helped the poor.
Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext. এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।


• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- অনেকসময় conditional-এ subordinate conjunction if এর পরিবর্তে sentence এর শুরুতে Had ব্যবহার করা যায় এবং এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়। তাই পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:
Had I seen him, I would have told him the matter.
Had I been a king, I would have helped the poor.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৭০.
If you _____ earlier, you would have found a good seat.
  1. ক) had come
  2. খ) have come
  3. গ) come
  4. ঘ) came
ব্যাখ্যা
- If clause এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- এটাকে Third conditional বলা হয়।
- আবার, Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension. এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।

তাই শূন্যস্থানে had come  বসবে।

আরো কিছু উদাহরণ:
- If you had come earlier, you would have found a good seat.
- If you had started earlier, you would not have missed the train.
- Had I been a king, I would have helped the poor.
৭১.
If you had driven more carefully, _______________ . (complete the sentence)
  1. you would not had an accident
  2. you would not have an accident
  3. you would not have had an accident
  4. you will not have had an accident
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: you would not have had an accident.
Complete sentence: If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident.
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যটি 3rd conditional এর উদাহরণ। তাই If যুক্ত Clause টি past perfect হওয়ায় পরবর্তী Clause এ would not have এর পর verb এর past participle হয়েছে।

Third conditional-এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে)-এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause -এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।
- Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle.
- Negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করলে would/could/might + not হয়।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৭২.
If you study seriously, you ________ a good job.
  1. will get
  2. would get
  3. could get
  4. might get
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - will get.
- If you study seriously, you will get a good job.

• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা  Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি দ্বারা সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা নির্দেশ করছে বিধায় এখানে future indefinite হয়েছে।
৭৩.
Had you not refused my invitation, we ________________ the most incredible time.
  1. would have
  2. would had
  3. would have had
  4. Could have
  5. Could had
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: would have had.
Complete Sentence: Had you not refused my invitation, we would have had the most incredible time.

• Third conditional-এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- If clause (শর্তযুক্ত অংশে)-এ যদি (had + V₃) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause-এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension হয়।
- Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/could/might + have + verb-এর past participle.
- Negative অর্থ প্রকাশ করলে would/could/might + not হয়।
- 'If' clause টি sentence-এর শুরুতে বা শেষে বসতে পারে।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৭৪.
If they had better technology, they _________ the project faster.
  1. could complete
  2. could have completed
  3. could completed
  4. could had complete
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

Complete sentence: If they had better technology, they could complete the project faster.
Bangla meaning: যদি তাদের কাছে ভালো প্রযুক্তি থাকত, তাহলে তারা প্রকল্পটি দ্রুত শেষ করতে পারত।

• এখানে had, main verb হিসেবে বসেছে। সেই হিসেবে অন্য অপশন গুলো ভুল।
৭৫.
Spot the only error in the sentence. My friend asked me anxiously what would have happened if the bridge had broken.
  1. anxiously
  2. would
  3. have happened
  4. had broken
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যের ভুল অংশটুকু হচ্ছে had broken
- এখানে, had been broken বসালে বাক্যটি সঠিক হবে।
- Correct sentence: My friend asked me anxiously what would have happened if the bridge had been broken.

- কারণ, 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- If-এর পর Past Perfect Tense থাকলে পরবর্তী Sentence টিতে Past Perfect Conditional বসে অর্থাৎ, would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form হয়।
- আর যদি বাক্যটি passive sense প্রকাশ করে তবে - If + had been + Verb এর past participle form হয়।

• Structure:
- If + Past Perfect Tense (had + verb এর past participle form) + would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form.

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যে clause গুলো স্থান পরিবর্তন করেছে।
- প্রথম clause টি would have + verb-এর Past Participle form broken বসেছে।
- তাই if clause তি গঠিত হবে - If + Past Perfect Tense যোগে।

• Bridge যেহেতু নিজে নিজে ভেঙে যেতে পারে না তাই অবশ্যই passive হবে।
- সে কারণে If clause টি If + had been + Verb এর past participle form হবে।
৭৬.
He _____ the job if he had better qualifications.
  1. would have gotten
  2. would get
  3. got
  4. gets
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would get
- Complete sentence:  He would get the job if he had better qualifications.
- বাক্যটি second conditional এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- উল্লিখিত বাক্যের if clause টি If + past indefinite (had) যোগে গঠিত, তাই এর প্রথম অংশে would + verb এর base form হিসেবে get বসেছে।
৭৭.
If it rained, we ______ the picnic and have it indoors.
  1. may cancel
  2. would cancel
  3. will cancel
  4. might canceled
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

- একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)

• সুতরাং, Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- তাই শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would cancel.
- Complete sentence: If it rained, we would cancel the picnic and have it indoors.
৭৮.
If it rained tomorrow, we _____________ indoors and watch movies.
  1. stayed
  2. would stay
  3. would be staying
  4. will stay
ব্যাখ্যা
Complete Sentence: If it rained tomorrow, we would stay indoors and watch movies.

→ প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি একটি second conditional জাতীয় বাক্য।
• Second Conditional এর structure: 
→ If + simple past (Verb এর past form/were/had) + would/could/might + base form of the verb.
→ অর্থাৎ, If যুক্ত clause টিতে If এরপর verb এর past indefinite or were/had আসলে এরপর subject + would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form ব্যবহৃত হয়।

More Examples of second conditional sentences:
1. If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house.
2. If she studied harder, she would pass the exam.
3. If he spoke Spanish fluently, he would apply for that job.
৭৯.
______, I would have called her.
  1. If I saw him
  2. If Rina had seen me
  3. If Rina sees me
  4. If Rina would seen me
ব্যাখ্যা

Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- principal clause এ would have/could have/might have + verb এর past participle থাকলে if clause টি past perfect হয়।
- যেহেতু, প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যে main clause এ subject (I) + would have + verb এর past participle আছে তাই If clause টিতে, subject + past perfect (had +seen) হয়েছে।

Complete Sentence - If Rina had seen me, I would have called her.

• একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)

৮০.
If we had more money, we ________ on a vacation.
  1. went
  2. could have gone
  3. could go
  4. have gone
ব্যাখ্যা
• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

Complete sentence: If we had more money, we could go on a vacation.
Bangla meaning: যদি আমাদের বেশি টাকা থাকত, তবে আমরা ছুটিতে যেতে পারতাম।

• এখানে had, main verb হিসেবে বসেছে। সেই হিসেবে অন্য অপশন গুলো ভুল।
৮১.
Had I seen him, I _____ to him.
  1. have spoken
  2. spoken
  3. would have spoken
  4. would spoke
ব্যাখ্যা
Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ had দিয়ে clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত clause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Complete Sentence: Had I seen him, I would have spoken to him.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮২.
Had I seen Santham, I _______ him the matter.
  1. would told
  2. have tell
  3. would have told
  4. would tell
ব্যাখ্যা
♦ Conditional sentence এ Had + Sub + V3 + Extension এভাবে কোন sentence শুরু হলে সেটি Perfect conditional / 3rd conditional হয়।

• Third conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- অনেক সময় conditional-এ subordinate conjunction if এর পরিবর্তে sentence এর শুরুতে Had ব্যবহার করা যায় এবং এর পর verb এর past participle form বসে।
- Conditional sentence- এ Had + Sub + V3 + Ext.
- এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।
- তাই পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Example:
Had I seen Santham, I would have told him the matter.
Had I been a king, I would have helped the poor.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮৩.
Which sentence is correct?
  1. If she had more time, she will travel the world.
  2. If she has more time, she would travel the world.
  3. If she had more time, she would have travel the world.
  4. If she had more time, she would travel the world.
ব্যাখ্যা
• The correct sentence is - If she had more time, she would travel the world.

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause -এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject -এর পর would/could/might -এর সাথে verb -এর base form বসে।

• Structure: If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.

• সুতরাং, Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Correct sentence: If she had more time, she would travel the world.

• Note: এখানে 'had' main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।

More Examples:
1. If we won the lottery, we would buy a yacht.
2. If we lived near the beach, we would go surfing.
3. If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.
4. If she knew Spanish, she would work as a translator.

Source: A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.
৮৪.
If Benito Mussolini's regime ____________ its aggressive policies, it will provoke widespread international condemnation.
  1. continued
  2. will continue
  3. continues
  4. would continue
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complete Sentence: If Benito Mussolini's regime continues its aggressive policies, it will provoke widespread international condemnation.

- প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত Sentence টি একটি 1st Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।
- বাক্যটি 1st Conditional হওয়ায় পরের অংশ Future indefinite tense- এ হয়েছে।

• 1st Conditionals sentence এর সাধারণ structure হলো:
- If + present simple, will/won't + verb.

Example Sentence:
1. If you study hard, you will succeed in the exam.
2. If you finish your work on time, you will have more free time.

Source: Advanced Learner’s Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
৮৫.
Complete the sentence: Provided Parimal did the sum, ______.
  1. ক) you had done.
  2. খ) you would have done did.
  3. গ) you would do.
  4. ঘ) you have done.
ব্যাখ্যা
Conditionals: If, in case, provided, provided that, providing that = যদি, Unless = যদি না।
এগুলোর ক্ষেত্রে একই rules প্রযোজ্য হয়।

এখানে 2nd conditional এর rule প্রযোজ্য হবে।
অর্থাৎ, if যুক্ত clause টি past tense এ হওয়ায় অন্য clause টি তে sub + would/could + V1 বসবে।

সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর গ)
৮৬.
If plants don't get water, they _________.
  1. will die
  2. would die
  3. die
  4. dies
ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: die.
Complete sentence: If plants don't get water, they die.
- এখানে If যুক্তটি অংশটি Present tense হওয়ায় এবং প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য হওয়ায় এটি Zero conditional এর উদাহরণ।
- "If plants don't get water"- এটি present simple tense-এ লেখা এবং একটি condition.
- এর ফলাফল অংশেও present simple tense দরকার তাই "die" সঠিক।
- পানি না পেলে "Tree" মারা যাবে এটি একটি বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য, তাই "die" সঠিক tense এবং verb form.

• Zero conditional rules:
- If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Zero conditional হয় এবং পরবর্তী Clause টি Present indefinite হয়। সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে First conditional হয় এবং পরবর্তী Clause টি Future Indefinite হয়।
- Zero conditional গঠনে উভয় clause-এ present simple tense ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৮৭.
Choose the correct sentence.
  1. If I had a car, I would had drive to the mountains.
  2. If I had a car, I would drived to the mountains.
  3. If I had a car, I would have driven to the mountains.
  4. If I had a car, I would drive to the mountains.
ব্যাখ্যা

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী ,
Correct sentence: If I had a car, I would drive to the mountains.

এখানে had main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।

৮৮.
If he ____, I would go.
  1. ক) come
  2. খ) came
  3. গ) comes
  4. ঘ) will come
ব্যাখ্যা
• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী - 
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
Example:
If he came, I would go.
If we had a boat, we would cross the river.
৮৯.
If I had known how fleeting your presence would be, I _________ every moment.
  1. will cherish
  2. would cherish
  3. would have cherished
  4. may cherish
ব্যাখ্যা
• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would have cherished.
- Complete sentence: If I had known how fleeting your presence would be, I would have cherished every moment.
- বাক্যটি Third conditional এর উদাহরণ।
 
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
-যেহেতু প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটির প্রথম অংশে If + past perfect ( had + listened) আছে, তাই এরপরের অংশে = subject + might have + pursued এর ব্যবহার সঠিক।
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• একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 
 
• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals
 
• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
- অথবা - Had + sub+ verb এর past participle + Sub+ would/ could/might + have + pp of verb.
৯০.
Choose the correct replacement of the underlined portion of the sentence. Had you walked fast, you would not miss the train.
  1. ক) will not miss
  2. খ) will not have miss
  3. গ) would not missed
  4. ঘ) would not have missed
ব্যাখ্যা
• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, 
- Had + Subject + verb এর past participle form হলে এরপরের অংশে Subject + would/could/might + have + verb এর past participle form + ext হয়। 
- যেহেতু প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যের দ্বিতীয় অংশে Had it not been for your help আছে, তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী ' would not miss' এর correct replacement হবে - 'would not have missed'
- সম্পুর্ন বাক্য - Had you walked fast, you would not have missed the train. 
৯১.
If they _____ more money, they ____ a bigger house.
  1. had, would have to buy
  2. have, will buy
  3. had, would buy
  4. have, would have bought
ব্যাখ্যা
• Complete sentence: If they had more money, they would buy a bigger house.
- Bangla Meaning: যদি তাদের আরও টাকা থাকত, তাহলে তারা একটি বড় বাড়ি কিনত।

• প্রশ্নটি মূলত Second conditional -এর উপর ভিত্তি করে করা হয়েছে।
- একটি conditional sentence -এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
1. Condition বা শর্ত,
2. Consequence বা ফলাফল।

• Second Conditional -এর নিয়মানুযায়ী:
- শর্তযুক্ত অংশে If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause থাকলে, পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject -এর পরে would/could/might + verb -এর base form বসে।

• Structure: If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb -এর base form + extension.

• Note: 'If' clause -এ be verb হিসেবে সর্বদাই were হবে, If না থাকলে শর্তযুক্ত অংশটি were দ্বারা শুরু হবে।

• More examples: 
1. If I were you, I would accept the offer.
2. If it rained, we would stay at home.
৯২.
Choose the correct sentence.
  1. Had they not wasted time, they would completed the project on time.
  2. Had they not waste time, they would have completed the project on time.
  3. Had they not wasted time, they would have completed the project on time.
  4. Had they not wasted time, they would have complete the project on time.
ব্যাখ্যা
Correct sentence: Had they not wasted time, they would have completed the project on time.

• উল্লিখিত প্রশ্নটি Third Conditional sentence এর উপর ভিত্তি করে করা হয়েছে।

Third Condition এর নিয়ম অনুসারে:
- If বা Had যুক্ত দুটি clause থাকে। 
- দুটি Clause এর যেকোন একটিতে If/ Had দিয়ে Clause টি শুরু হবে।
- If বা Had যুক্ত Cause টি Past Perfect Tense হয়। 
- ২য় Clause টি Past perfect Conditional (would have, might have, should have, could have) বসে।
- Verb এর Past Participle form বসে।

Structure: If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Subject + would/ could/ might + have + verb এর past participle.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.
৯৩.
Complete the sentence: If the weather improved, we _____ go for a walk.
  1. ক) have
  2. খ) could
  3. গ) will
  4. ঘ) must
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর- could.

• If যুক্ত sentence এর প্রথম অংশ past indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশে subject এরপর would/ could + verb এর present from হবে।
- If + were + extension, would/ could/ might + Verb- এর present form.
Example:
- If the weather improved, we could go for a walk.
- If I knew the answer, I would tell you.
- If I were you, I would take the money.
- If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
- If I were rich, I would help the poor.
৯৪.
Identify the correct sentence.
  1. If you practiced regularly, you wouldn't out of shape.
  2. If you practiced regularly, you wouldn't felt out of shape.
  3. If you practiced regularly, you wouldn't be felt out of shape.
  4. If you practiced regularly, you wouldn't be out of shape.
ব্যাখ্যা
• সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - If you practiced regularly, you wouldn't be out of shape.
Bangla Meaning: যদি তুমি নিয়মিত অনুশীলন করতে, তাহলে তুমি শারীরিকভাবে আকারহীন হতে না।
- বাক্যটি Second Conditional এর উদাহরণ। 

• এই বাক্যের If যুক্ত clause টি past indefinite tense (practiced )এ আছে, তাই পরবর্তী clause এ, wouldn't + be - verb এর base form বসেছে 

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- If যুক্ত Sentence এ subject এর পর be verb আসলে সেক্ষেত্রে were ব্যবহৃত হয়।
৯৫.
If plants receive sunlight, _______________.
  1. they performs photosynthesis
  2. they will perform photosynthesis
  3. they will be performed photosynthesis
  4. they perform photosynthesis
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যটি একটি zero conditional এর উদাহরণ।
- এ ধরনের conditionals গুলো হলো real conditions.

• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
- অথবা, If +Present indefinite = Subject + Verb এর present form/ (may/can) + verb এর present form.
- এর if যুক্ত অংশ যদি present indefinite এ হয়, তাহলে এরপরের অংশেও present imdefinite এ হয়।

• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা  Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

• প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য। 
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর: they perform photosynthesis.
- Complete Sentence: If plants receive sunlight, they perform photosynthesis.
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• একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals
2. The First Conditionals
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
৯৬.
Choose the correct sentence:
  1. ক) If I owned a zoo, I will let people interact with the animals more.
  2. খ) If I inherit a billion dollars, I would travel to the moon.
  3. গ) If you would have told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.
  4. ঘ) If I had cleaned the house, I could have gone to the movies.
ব্যাখ্যা
The correct sentence is: If I had cleaned the house, I could have gone to the movies.

Other sentences are:
Incorrect: If I owned a zoo, I will let people interact with the animals more.
Correct: If I owned a zoo, I might let people interact with the animals more.

Incorrect: If I inherit a billion dollars, I would travel to the moon.
Correct: If I inherited a billion dollars, I would travel to the moon.

Incorrect: If you would have told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.
correct: If you had told me you needed a ride, I would have left earlier.

Source: grammarly.com

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Structure of conditional sentence:

• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth)
• 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future
• 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb)
• 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3)
৯৭.
Choose the incorrect one.
  1. Had we known about the storm, we would have postponed the trip.
  2. If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it will boil.
  3. If it rains tomorrow, we’ll cancel the picnic.
  4. If she had more time, she would learn to play the piano.
ব্যাখ্যা
• অপশন গুলোর মধ্যে ভুল বাক্য - 'If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it will boil.'

• If যুক্তটি অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
- অথবা, If +Present indefinite + Subject + Verb এর present form/ (may/can) + verb এর present form.

• প্রশ্নোক্ত বাক্যটি বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য। 
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে Present indefinite tense এ অর্থাৎ If you heat water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils.

--------------------

ক) Had we known about the storm, we would have postponed the trip.
- এটি 3rd Conditional sentence.

গ) If it rains tomorrow, we’ll cancel the picnic.
- বাক্যটি একটি First conditional এর উদাহরণ।

ঘ) If she had more time, she would learn to play the piano.
- উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 2nd conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

• এখানে had, main verb হিসেবে বসেছে।

------------------------
• একটি Conditional sentence এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত,
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• There are four types of Conditionals:
1. The Zero Conditionals,
2. The First Conditionals,
3. The Second Conditionals and
4. The Third Conditionals.

• এ ধরনের বাক্যগুলোর সাধারণ structure হলো:
- Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present (shows scientific and general truth).
- 1st Conditional = If + Present + Future.
- 2nd Conditional = If + Past Simple + Future in Past (S + would/might/could + Base Form of the Verb).
- 3rd Conditional = If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3).
৯৮.
If we had booked the tickets earlier, we __________ better seats.
  1. would get
  2. would gotten
  3. would have gotten
  4. would be gotten
ব্যাখ্যা

• Third Conditional: 
- If clause এ যদি (had + V3) হয়, তবে পরবর্তী clause এ would/could/might + have + V3 + extension ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- এটাকে Third conditional বলা হয়।
- আবার Conditional sentence- এ Had + sub + V3 + extension, এভাবে কোন Sentence শুরু হলে সেটিও Perfect conditional/ 3rd conditional হয়।
Examples:
- If they had taken the earlier flight, they could have arrived on time.
- If you had come earlier, you would have found a good seat.
- If you had started earlier, you would not have missed the train.
- Had I been a king, I would have helped the poor.

So, Complete Sentence - If we had booked the tickets earlier, we would have gotten better seats.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M Zakir Hussain.

৯৯.
If the room had brighter, I would have been able to read for a while before bedtime.
  1. If the room was brighter
  2. If the room are brighter
  3. Had the room been brighter
  4. No improvement
ব্যাখ্যা

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি 3rd Conditional sentence এর উদাহরণ।

3rd Conditional এর Structure: 
- If + Past Perfect (had +V3) + Perfect Modal (S + would have/could have/might have + V3). 
অথবা, Had + sub+ verb এর past participle + Sub+ would/ could/might + have + V3

Example Sentence: 
- If the teacher had informed us earlier, we could have finished the task in time.
- Had they chosen a different route, they might have avoided the traffic jam.

So, Correct Sentence - Had the room been brighter I would have been able to read for a while before bedtime.

১০০.
If he agrees to stay till Friday, ______ a party for him.
  1. I will throw
  2. I will be throw
  3. I would have thrown
  4. I would throw
ব্যাখ্যা
• বাক্যটি একটি 1st Conditionals sentence এর উদাহরণ।
- একটি Conditional sentence  এ দুটি অংশ থাকে।
- 1. Condition বা শর্ত  
- 2. Consequence বা ফলাফল। 

• If যুক্ত অংশটি যদি present tense এ থাকে তবে তা  Zero conditionals or First Conditionals হয়ে থাকে।
- সে অনুযায়ী এরপরের clause এ Present indefinite or Future Indefinite হয়।
- সেক্ষেত্রে চিরন্তন সত্য, ভৌগলিক বা বৈজ্ঞানিক সত্য এর ক্ষেত্রে Present indefinite হয়।
- সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা এর ক্ষেত্রে Future Indefinite হয়।

•  1st Conditional = If + Simple Present + Simple Future.
• Zero Conditional = If + Present + Present 
• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত বাক্যটি দ্বারা সাধারণ বিষয় বা ঘটনা নির্দেশ করছে বিধায় এখানে future indefinite হয়েছে।

• তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে -  If he agrees to stay till Friday, I will throw a party for him.