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Number System, Problems on Number

মোট প্রশ্ন১,৭৩৬এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Number System, Problems on Number

PrepBank · পাতা ১৪ / ১৮ · ১,৩০১১,৪০০ / ১,৭৩৬

১,৩০১.
A heap of pebbles when made up into group of 32, 40, 72, leaves the remainder 10, 18 and 50 respectively. Find least number of pebbles in the heaps.
  1. 1418
  2. 1430
  3. 1510
  4. 1521
  5. None of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
1418
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
1418
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: A heap of pebbles when made up into group of 32, 40, 72, leaves the remainder 10, 18 and 50 respectively. Find least number of pebbles in the heaps.

Solution:
In this type of problem we find the difference of divisors and their remainders.
Here difference,
32 - 10 = 22
40 - 18 = 22
72 - 50 = 22
Here, in each case difference is same = 22

Then, required number of pebbles is given by,
32 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
40 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5
72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3

Hence,
LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 1440

∴ Required number of pebbles,
= (1440 - 22)
= 1418
১,৩০২.
The sum of two numbers is 18. The greatest product of these two number can be-
  1. 80
  2. 17
  3. 81
  4. Can't determined
সঠিক উত্তর:
81
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
81
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: The sum of two numbers is 18. The greatest product of these two number can be-

Solution: 
Given that, 
a + b = 18
So, maximum of (a × b) will be only when a = b
Thus, a = b = 9
∴ Maximum of (a × b) = 9 × 9 = 81.

So the greatest product is 81.

১,৩০৩.
How many numbers from 1 to 225 inclusive are equal to the cube of an integer?
  1. 4
  2. 5
  3. 6
  4. 7
সঠিক উত্তর:
6
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
6
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: How many numbers from 1 to 225 inclusive are equal to the cube of an integer?

Solution:
13 = 1
23= 8
33= 27
43= 64
53= 125
63 = 216
73 = 343, যা 225 থেকে বড়।

সুতরাং,
1 থেকে 225 এর মধ্যবর্তী মোট 6 টি সংখ্যা (1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216) আছে যেগুলো পূর্ণসংখ্যার ঘনফল।
১,৩০৪.
The pair of co-prime numbers is ____?
  1. ক) 2, 3
  2. খ) 2, 4
  3. গ) 2, 6
  4. ঘ) 2, 110
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 2, 3
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 2, 3
ব্যাখ্যা

2, 3 এর মধ্যে ১ ব্যতিত আর কোন সাধারণ উৎপাদক নেই।
∴ (2, 3) সহমৌলিক (co-prime) সংখ্যা।

১,৩০৫.
The difference of squares of two consecutive odd integers is divisible by which of the following integers?
  1. 3
  2. 6
  3. 7
  4. 8
সঠিক উত্তর:
8
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
8
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: The difference of squares of two consecutive odd integers is divisible by which of the following integers?

Solution:
Let
The two consecutive odd integers be (2n + 1) and (2n + 3).

Now
(2n + 3)2 - (2n - 1)2 =(2n + 3 + 2n + 1)(2n + 3 - 2n - 1)
=(4n + 4) × 2
= 4(n + 1) × 2
= 8(n + 1), which is divisible by 8.
১,৩০৬.
x is a two digit number. The digits of the number differ by 6 and the square of the digits differ by 60. Which one of the following could x equal?
  1. ক) 16
  2. খ) 24
  3. গ) 28
  4. ঘ) 93
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 28
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 28
ব্যাখ্যা
8 - 2 = 6 অর্থাৎ অঙ্কদ্বয়ের পার্থক্য 6 এবং
82- 22 = 64 - 4 = 60 অর্থাৎ অক্ষদ্বয়ের বর্গের অন্তর 60
x এর মান হবে 28
১,৩০৭.
What is the smallest number of apples that can be distributed equally (without cutting any apple) among 6, 10, 14 and 18 boys?
  1. 1260
  2. 360
  3. 315
  4. 630
সঠিক উত্তর:
630
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
630
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: What is the smallest number of apples that can be distributed equally (without cutting any apple) among 6, 10, 14 and 18 boys?

Solution: 
6, 10, 14, 18 এর লসাগু = 630
অতএব, সর্বনিম্ন ৬৩০টি আপেল ৬, ১০, ১৪ এবং ১৮ জন বালককে সমানভাবে ভাগ করে দেয়া যাবে। 
১,৩০৮.
Three times the first of three consecutive odd integers is 3 more than twice the third. The third integer is:
  1. ক) 11
  2. খ) 13
  3. গ) 15
  4. ঘ) 17
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 15
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 15
ব্যাখ্যা
Let
The three integers be x, x + 2 and x + 4.

Then,
3x = 2(x + 4) + 3      
3x = 2x + 8 + 3
3x - 2x = 11
x = 11.

Third integer = x + 4 = 11 + 4 = 15
১,৩০৯.
If ‘a’ is an integer, then which of the following must be divisible by 3?
  1. ক) a2 + 1
  2. খ) a2 - 1
  3. গ) a2 - 4
  4. ঘ) a2 + 4
  5. ঙ) None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঙ) None of the above
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঙ) None of the above
ব্যাখ্যা
Assume a = 3 and test the options.
১,৩১০.
The ratio of two numbers is 3 : 4 and their H.C.F is 4. The smallest number is- 
  1. ক) 8
  2. খ) 10
  3. গ) 12
  4. ঘ) 16
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 12
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 12
ব্যাখ্যা
ধরি,
সংখ্যা দুটি 3ক ও 4ক
3ক ও 4ক এর গ ,সা,গু = ক
প্রশ্নমতে
ক = 4 

ছোট সংখ্যাটি = 3 × 4 = 12
১,৩১১.
8597 - ? = 7429 - 4358
  1. 5426
  2. 5706
  3. 5526
  4. 5476
সঠিক উত্তর:
5526
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
5526
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: 8597 - ? = 7429 - 4358

Solution:
Let
? = x

Now
8597 - x = 7429 - 4358
or, 8597 - 7429 + 4358 = x
x = 5526
১,৩১২.
Three numbers are in ratio 1 : 2 : 3 and HCF is 17. The largest number is:
  1. 17
  2. 34
  3. 51
  4. 63
সঠিক উত্তর:
51
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
51
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: Three numbers are in ratio 1 : 2 : 3 and HCF is 17. The largest number is:

Solution: 
let, the numbers are x, 2x, 3x
HCF is x 
x = 17 

largest number = 17 × 3 
= 51
১,৩১৩.
What is the least square number which is exactly divisible by 2, 3, 10, 18 and 20?
  1. ক) 668
  2. খ) 900
  3. গ) 980
  4. ঘ) 788
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 900
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 900
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: What is the least square number which is exactly divisible by 2, 3, 10, 18 and 20?
Solution: 

The least or smallest number which is exactly divisible by 2, 3, 10, 18, and 20 is the LCM of 2, 3, 10, 18, and 20. 

LCM (2, 3, 10, 18, 20) = 180

180 = 22 × 32 × 5

So, to become a perfect square 180 needs to be multiplied by 5. 

Now, the least square number which is exactly divisible by 2, 3, 10, 18 and 20

⇒ 180 × 5 = 900

∴ The least-square number which is exactly divisible by 2, 3, 10, 18, and 20 is 900.

১,৩১৪.
Rafi earns Tk. 150 for each t-shirt he sells, and he gets a bonus of Tk. 30 for each t-shirt sold beyond 80. If Rafi earned a total of Tk. 19200, how many t-shirts did he sell?
  1. 120
  2. 150
  3. 135
  4. 165
সঠিক উত্তর:
120
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
120
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: Rafi earns Tk. 150 for each t-shirt he sells, and he gets a bonus of Tk. 30 for each t-shirt sold beyond 80. If Rafi earned a total of Tk. 19200, how many t-shirts did he sell?

Solution: 
Earnings from the first 80 t-shirts = Tk. (150 × 80)
= Tk. 12,000

Remaining amount = Tk. (19200 - 12000)
= Tk. 7200

For each t-shirt beyond 80, Rafi earns (150 + 30) = Tk. 180

Number of t-shirts sold beyond 80 = 7200/180 = 40

Total t-shirts sold = (80 + 40)
= 120
১,৩১৫.
A number, when divided by 312, leaves a remainder of 47. If the same number is divided by 24, what remainder will it leave?
  1. 40
  2. 33
  3. 23
  4. 53
  5. None
সঠিক উত্তর:
23
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
23
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: A number, when divided by 312, leaves a remainder of 47. If the same number is divided by 24, what remainder will it leave?

Solution:
Let the number be x and the quotient be q.

Then,
x = 312q + 47
⇒ x = (24 × 13q) + 47
⇒ x = (24 × 13q) + (24 × 1) + 23
⇒ x = 24(13q + 1) + 23

∴ When the number is divided by 24, the remainder is 23.

১,৩১৬.
How many prime number are in between 65 to 86?
  1. 6
  2. 8
  3. 5
  4. 7
  5. None of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
5
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
5
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: How many prime number are in between 65 to 86?

Solution:
Prime numbers between 65 and 86 are-
67, 71, 73, 79, 83
Therefore, the number of prime numbers between 65 and 86 are 5.
১,৩১৭.
If a and b are odd numbers. Which number is even?
  1. ab
  2. a + 2b + 2
  3. a + b + 1
  4. 2a + 4b
সঠিক উত্তর:
2a + 4b
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
2a + 4b
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: If a and b are odd numbers. Which number is even?

Solution:
Let
a = 1
b = 3

∴ ab = (1 × 3)
= 3, which is odd.

(a + 2b + 2) = 1 + 2 × 3 + 2
= 1 + 6 + 2 = 9, which is odd.

(a + b + 1) = 1 + 3 + 1
= 5, which is odd.

(2a + 4b) = 2 × 1 + 4 × 3
= 2 + 12
= 14, which is even.
১,৩১৮.
If the ratio of numbers is 3: 4 and their least common multiple is 60, then the numbers are-
  1. ক) 15, 20
  2. খ) 12,16
  3. গ) 9, 12
  4. ঘ) 18, 24
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 15, 20
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 15, 20
ব্যাখ্যা

Let, these two numbers be 3x and 4x then their LCM = 12x
Now, according to question,
12x =  60
Or, x = 5
Thus, the numbers are (3x = 3 × 5) = 15 and (4x = 4 × 5) = 20

১,৩১৯.
Bells ring together and If the bells ring at intervals 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 seconds respectively, after what interval of time will they ring together again?
  1. ক) 5 minutes
  2. খ) 2 minutes
  3. গ) 3 minutes
  4. ঘ) None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 5 minutes
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 5 minutes
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: Bells ring together and If the bells ring at intervals 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 seconds respectively, after what interval of time will they ring together again?
Solution:
৫, ১০, ১৫, ২০ ও ২৫ এর ল.সা.গু. = ৩০০
∴ ৩০০ সেকেন্ড বা ৫ মিনিট পর আবার ঘন্টাগুলো একত্রে বাজবে।
১,৩২০.
If x is the difference if the squares of two consecutive even numbers, which of the following numbers is a divisor of x?
  1. ক) 4
  2. খ) 7
  3. গ) 8
  4. ঘ) 9
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 4
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 4
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: If x is the difference if the squares of two consecutive even numbers, which of the following numbers is a divisor of x?

Solution:
ধরি
দুটি ক্রমিক জোড় সংখ্যা 2n এবং (2n + 2)
x = (2n + 2)2 - (2n)2
= (2n + 2 + 2n)(2n + 2 - 2n)
= 2(4n + 2)
 = 2 × 2(2n + 1)
= 4(2n + 1)
যা 4 দ্বারা বিভাজ্য ।
১,৩২১.
What is the least number which when divided by the numbers 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 leaves no remainder?
  1. 180
  2. 150
  3. 120
  4. 96
সঠিক উত্তর:
120
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
120
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: What is the least number which when divided by the numbers 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 leaves no remainder?

Solution:
LCM of 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12 = 120
১,৩২২.
If x is a positive integer and 4x - 3 = y, which of the following CANNOT be a value of y?
  1. 1
  2. 7
  3. 13
  4. 61
সঠিক উত্তর:
7
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
7
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: If x is a positive integer and 4x - 3 = y, which of the following CANNOT be a value of y?

Solution:
If x = 1:
41 - 3 = 1

If x = 2:
42 - 3 = 13

If x = 3:
43 - 3 = 61

The only value that y cannot take is 7.
১,৩২৩.
What is the sum of two consecutive even numbers, the difference of whose squares is 92?
  1. 38
  2. 48
  3. 44
  4. 46
সঠিক উত্তর:
46
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
46
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: What is the sum of two consecutive even numbers, the difference of whose squares is 92?

Solution:
Let, the number be a and (a + 2)

ATQ,
(a + 2)2 - a2 = 92
⇒ a2 + 4a + 4 - a2 = 92
⇒ 4a + 4 = 92
⇒ 4a = 92 - 4
⇒ 4a = 88
∴ a = 22

∴ Requried sum = a + (a + 2)
= 22 + (22 + 2)
= 46
১,৩২৪.
The smallest number which when diminished by 7 is divisible by 12, 16, 18, 21 and 28 is-
  1. ক) 1008
  2. খ) 1015
  3. গ) 1001
  4. ঘ) 1022
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 1015
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 1015
ব্যাখ্যা
First find the smallest number divisible by 12, 16, 18 ,21 and 28. 
It is the LCM of these numbers.
12 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 22 × 3
16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 24
18 = 2 × 3 × 3 = 2 × 32
21 = 3 × 7
28 = 2 × 2 × 7 = 22 × 7

LCM = 24 × 32 × 7 = 1008
Required number = (L.C.M. of 12, 16, 18, 21, 28)  + 7
           = 1008 + 7
           = 1015
১,৩২৫.
If two numbers have an HCF of 11 and an LCM of 693, and one of them is 77, find the other number.
  1. 66
  2. 99
  3. 77
  4. 85
সঠিক উত্তর:
99
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
99
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: If two numbers have an HCF of 11 and an LCM of 693, and one of them is 77, find the other number.

Solution:
The relationship between two numbers can be represented by the equation: their product equals the product of their HCF and LCM.

Let the unknown number be denoted by P
Applying the given values, we set up the equation, 77 x P = 11 x 693
⇒ 77P = 11 × 693

By isolating P,
We calculate that,
P = 99
১,৩২৬.
If n is a whole number greater than 1, then n2 (n2 - 1) is always divisible by :
  1. ক) 12
  2. খ) 13
  3. গ) 14
  4. ঘ) 16
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 12
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 12
ব্যাখ্যা
Let N = n2 (n2 - 1) = n2 (n - 1) (n + 1)
Then, n = 2
⇒ N = 22 × (2 - 1) (2 + 1)
        = (4 × 1 × 3) = 12
Hence, the required number is 12
১,৩২৭.
When the integer n is divided by 4. the quotient is p and the remainder is 1 but when it is divided by 6 the quotient is q and the remainder is 5. The value of 3q - 2p is
  1. - 2
  2. - 1
  3. 1
  4. 2
  5. None
সঠিক উত্তর:
- 2
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
- 2
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: When the integer n is divided by 4. the quotient is p and the remainder is 1 but when it is divided by 6 the quotient is q and the remainder is 5. The value of 3q - 2p is

Solution:
When n is divided by 4: n = 4p + 1
When n is divided by 6: n = 6q + 5 

Since both expressions are equal
4p + 1 = 6q + 5
⇒ 4p - 6q = 4 
⇒ 2p - 3q = 2 
⇒ - 2p + 3q = - 2
Therefore, 3q - 2p = - 2
১,৩২৮.
If x and y are integers and |x - y| = 12, what is the minimum possible value of xy?
  1. - 12
  2. - 18
  3. - 24
  4. - 36
  5. - 48
সঠিক উত্তর:
- 36
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
- 36
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: If x and y are integers and |x - y| = 12, what is the minimum possible value of xy?

Solution:
Given,
|x - y| = 12

Squaring both sides, we get (x - y)2 = 144
⇒ x2 + y2 - 2xy = 144
⇒ x2 + y2 - 2xy + 4xy = 144 + 4xy   [Add, 4xy to both sides of the equation]
⇒ x2 + y2 + 2xy = 144 + 4xy
⇒ (x + y)2 = 144 + 4xy
(x + y)2 will not be negative for real values of x and y.
i.e., (x + y)2 ≥ 0
∴ 144 + 4xy ≥ 0
⇒ 4xy ≥ - 144
∴ xy ≥ - 36

So, The least value that xy can take is - 36.
১,৩২৯.
What is the sum of all two-digit numbers that gives a remainder of 3 when they are divided by 7?
  1. 600 
  2. 625
  3. 676 
  4. 694
সঠিক উত্তর:
676 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
676 
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: What is the sum of all two-digit numbers that gives a remainder of 3 when they are divided by 7?

Solution: 
general formula for that number = 7n + 3  

n = 1, then the number is = 7 + 3 = 10 
n = 2, then the number is =14 + 3 = 17
.
.
.
n= 13,  then the number is = 94

sum  = 10 + 17 + ... + 94 
= 13 (10 + 94)/2 
= 676 
১,৩৩০.
Find the largest number which divides 63, 133 and 238 and leave the same reminder in each case.
  1. ক) 30
  2. খ) 15
  3. গ) 18
  4. ঘ) 35
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) 35
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) 35
ব্যাখ্যা
প্রশ্ন: কোন বৃহত্তম সংখ্যা দ্বারা 63, 133, 238 কে ভাগ করলে প্রতিক্ষেত্রে একই ভাগশেষ থাকবে?

সমাধান: 
সংখ্যাগুলোকে দুটি করে জোড়ায় জোড়ায় নিয়ে তাদের বিয়োগফলগুলোর গ.সা.গু ই হবে সেই বৃহত্তম সংখ্যা।
কারন, ব্যবধানগুলো নিঃশেষে বিভাজ্য হলেই মূল সংখ্যাগুলোর ভাগশেষ একই হবে।

∴ সংখ্যাটি = (133 - 63), (238 - 63), (238 - 133) এর গ.সা.গু
= 70, 175, 105 এর গ.সা.গু
= 35
35 দিয়ে 63 কে ভাগ করলে ভাগশেষ 28
35 দিয়ে 133 কে ভাগ করলে ভাগশেষ 28
35 দিয়ে 238 কে ভাগ করলে ভাগশেষ 28
১,৩৩১.
Mina has 3 Taka more than Babu has, but 5 Taka less than Shelly has. If Mina has x taka, how much money Shelly and Babu have althogether?
  1. 2x - 8
  2. 2x - 5
  3. 2x - 2
  4. 2x + 2
সঠিক উত্তর:
2x + 2
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
2x + 2
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: Mina has 3 Taka more than Babu has, but 5 Taka less than Shelly has. If Mina has x taka, how much money Shelly and Babu have althogether?

Solution:
মিনার কাছে আছে = x টাকা
বাবুর কাছে আছে = x - 3 টাকা
শেলির কাছে আছে = x + 5 টাকা

বাবু ও শেলির কাছে আছে = x - 3 + x + 5 টাকা
= 2x + 2 টাকা

১,৩৩২.
0.1 + 0.12 + 0.13 = ?
  1. ক) 0.11
  2. খ) 0.111
  3. গ) 0.1211
  4. ঘ) 0.31
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 0.111
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 0.111
ব্যাখ্যা

0.1 + 0.12 + 0.13
= 0.1 + 0.01 + 0.001
= 0.111

১,৩৩৩.
Eight people are planning to share equally the cost of a rental car. If one person withdraws from the arrangement and the others share equally the entire cost of the car, then the share of each of the remaining persons will be increased by-
  1. ক) 1/8
  2. খ) 1/7
  3. গ) 7/8
  4. ঘ) None of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 1/7
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 1/7
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: Eight people are planning to share equally the cost of a rental car. If one person withdraws from the arrangement and the others share equally the entire cost of the car, then the share of each of the remaining persons will be increased by-

Solution:
ধরি,
গাড়ির ভাড়া ক টাকা 
৮ জনে ভাড়া দিলে ১ জন দিবে ক/৮ টাকা 

৭ জনে ভাড়া দিলে ১ জন দিবে ক/৭ টাকা 

জন প্রতি ভাড়া বৃদ্ধি পায় = ক/৭ - ক/৮ টাকা 
= (৮ক - ৭ক)/৫৬ টাকা 
= ক/৫৬ টাকা 

∴ জনপ্রতি ভাড়া (ক/৫৬)/(ক/৮) গুণ বৃদ্ধি পায় 
= ৮/৫৬ গুণ বৃদ্ধি পায় 
= ১/৭ গুণ বৃদ্ধি পায়

১,৩৩৪.
  1. 1/1000
  2. 1/506
  3. 253/500
  4. None of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
1/1000
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
1/1000
ব্যাখ্যা
Question:

Solution:
১,৩৩৫.
If you divided 50 by half and add 5 with the resulting figure, then what is the final result? 
  1. ক) 55
  2. খ) 105
  3. গ) 95
  4. ঘ) 125
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 105
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 105
ব্যাখ্যা
Quetion: If you divided 50 by half and add 5 with the resulting figure, then what is the final result? 

Solution: 
50/0.5+5
=(50 ×10)/5 + 5
= 100 + 5
=105
১,৩৩৬.
The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, at the most, how many may be greater than zero?
  1. 0
  2. 1
  3. 10
  4. 19
সঠিক উত্তর:
19
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
19
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, at the most, how many may be greater than zero?

Solution:
ধরি,
সংখ্যাগুলি হল a1​, a2​, ..., a20

দেয়া আছে,
 সংখ্যাগুলোর গড় শূন্য

তাহলে,
(a1​ + a2​ +...+ a20)/20 = 0
⇒ a1​ + a2​ +...+ a20​ = 0
⇒ a1​ + a2​ +...+ a19 ​= - a20

∴ সর্বোচ্চ 19 টি সংখ্যার মান শুন্য থেকে বড় হতে পারে।
১,৩৩৭.
What is the greatest number of three digits, which, when divided by 6, 9, and 12, leaves a remainder of 3 in each case?
  1. 991
  2. 981
  3. 975
  4. 973
সঠিক উত্তর:
975
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
975
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: What is the greatest number of three digits, which, when divided by 6, 9, and 12, leaves a remainder of 3 in each case?

Solution: 
the largest three-digit number is = 999
the L.C.M of 6, 9, 12 is = 36
dividing 999 by 36 we get the remainder of 27

so, the number is = (999 -27) + 3 = 975
১,৩৩৮.
The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 8 and 48 respectively. If one of the number is 24, then the other number is = ?
  1. ক) 16
  2. খ) 32
  3. গ) 48
  4. ঘ) 64
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 16
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 16
ব্যাখ্যা
HCF = 8
LCM = 48
One number = 24
Let other number be = y
∴ 24y = 48 × 8
⇔ y = 16
---------------------------------
প্রশ্নে বলা হয়েছে যে, দুইটি সংখ্যার গসাগু ও লসাগু যথাক্রমে ৮ ও ৪৮। একটি সংখ্যা ২৪ হলে, অপর সংখ্যা কত?
আমরা জানি, দুইটি সংখ্যার গসাগু × লসাগু = একটি সংখ্যা × ২৪
একটি সংখ্যা = ৮ × ৪৮/২৪ = ১৬
১,৩৩৯.
Two fifth of one fourth of three-seventh of a number is 15. What is the half of the number?
  1. ক) 57
  2. খ) 175
  3. গ) 157
  4. ঘ) 350
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 175
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 175
ব্যাখ্যা
ধরি,
সংখ্যাটি x 
প্রশ্নমতে,
(2x/5) এর (1/4) এর (3/7) = 15 
6x/140 = 15
3x/70 = 15
x = 15(70/3)
x = 350

সংখ্যাটির অর্ধেক = 350/2 = 175
১,৩৪০.
The product of two consecutive positive integers is 20. To find the integers, this can be represented in the form of quadratic equation as-
  1. ক) 2x2 - x + 20= 0
  2. খ) x2 + x – 20= 0
  3. গ) x2 - x + 20= 0
  4. ঘ) x2 - 2x + 20= 0
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) x2 + x – 20= 0
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) x2 + x – 20= 0
ব্যাখ্যা
Let x and (x + 1) be the two consecutive integers.

According to the given,
x(x + 1) = 20
x2 + x = 20
x2 + x – 20= 0
১,৩৪১.
How many positive integers less than 100 are multiples of both 2 and 3?
  1. 12
  2. 14
  3. 16
  4. 18
সঠিক উত্তর:
16
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
16
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: How many positive integers less than 100 are multiples of both 2 and 3?

Solution:
A number that is a multiple of both 2 and 3 is a multiple of their LCM:
LCM(2, 3) = 6

Find how many multiples of 6 are less than 100: 
Multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, …

Largest multiple less than 100: 96
Number of terms in this sequence (arithmetic progression with first term a1=6, common difference d = 6, last term an = 96):
n = (an - a1)/d + 1
= (96 - 6)/6+1
= 90/6 + 1
= 15 + 1
= 16

১,৩৪২.
The difference between a two-digit number and the number obtained by interchanging the positions of its digits is 36. What is the difference between the two digits of that number?
  1. 2
  2. 3
  3. 4
  4. 5
সঠিক উত্তর:
4
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
4
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: The difference between a two-digit number and the number obtained by interchanging the positions of its digits is 36. What is the difference between the two digits of that number?

Solution: 
ধরি, একক স্থানীয় অঙ্ক x, দশক স্থানীয় অঙ্ক y

প্রশ্নমতে, 
10y + x - (10x + y) = 36 
⇒ 10y + x - 10x - y = 36 
⇒ 9y - 9x = 36 
⇒ 9(y - x) = 36 
⇒ y - x = 4
১,৩৪৩.
The product of two numbers is 192 and the sum of these two numbers is 28. What is the smaller these two numbers ?
  1. 18
  2. 14
  3. 12
  4. 21
সঠিক উত্তর:
12
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
12
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: The product of two numbers is 192 and the sum of these two numbers is 28. What is the smaller these two numbers ?

Solution:
Let the numbers be x and (28 - x)
Then,
x(28 - x) = 192
⇒ 28x - x2 = 192
⇒ x2 - 28x + 192 = 0
⇒ x2 - 16x - 12x + 192 = 0
⇒ x(x - 16) - 12(x - 16) = 0
⇒ (x - 16)(x - 12) = 0
Now,
x - 16 = 0
∴ x = 16 
or
x - 12 = 0
∴ x = 12

So the numbers are 16 and 12. The smaller is 12.

১,৩৪৪.
Which of the following numbers cannot be the last digit of a squared number? 
  1. ক) 0
  2. খ) 1
  3. গ) 2
  4. ঘ) 4
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 2
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 2
ব্যাখ্যা
বর্গ সংখ্যার শেষের অংক  0, 1, 4, 5, 6 এবং 9 হতে পারে। 
2 বর্গ সংখ্যার শেষের অংক হতে পারে না। 

1 এর বর্গ = 12 = 1
2 এর বর্গ = 22 = 4
3 এর বর্গ = 32 = 9 
4 এর বর্গ = 42 = 16 
5 এর বর্গ = 52 = 25 
6 এর বর্গ = 62 = 36 
10 এর বর্গ= 102 = 100
১,৩৪৫.
The largest 4 digit number exactly divisible by 88 is-
  1. 9944
  2. 9768
  3. 9988
  4. 8888
সঠিক উত্তর:
9944
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
9944
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: The largest 4 digit number exactly divisible by 88 is-

Solution:
88 ) 9999 ( 113
       88
     _______
       119
         88
      _______
          319
          264
       _______
            55

∴ Required number = (9999 - 55) = 9944
১,৩৪৬.
If p and n are integers such that p > n >0 and p2 - n2 = 12, which of the following values of (p - n)?
  1. ক) -1
  2. খ) 2
  3. গ) 8
  4. ঘ) 18
  5. ঙ) None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 2
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 2
ব্যাখ্যা

Since, p2 - n2 = 12 and p > n > 0
Best way to solve this question is putting assuming value,
let p = 4 and n = 2
So, 42 - 22 = 12, and the assumption values are correct. So, 4-2 is equal to 2

১,৩৪৭.
If the sum of two numbers is 22 and their difference is 8. Find the product of these two numbers?
  1. 110
  2. 105
  3. 115
  4. 137
সঠিক উত্তর:
105
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
105
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: If the sum of two numbers is 22 and their difference is 8. Find the product of these two numbers?

Solution:
Let, two numbers are, a and b
a + b = 22
a - b = 8

We know,
ab = {(a + b)/2}2 - {(a - b)/2}2
= {22/2}2 - {8/2}2
= (11)2 - (4)2
= 121 - 16
= 105
∴ ab = 105

So the product of these two numbers is 105
১,৩৪৮.
If one-third of one-fourth of a number is 25, then three-tenth of that number is:
  1. ক) 80
  2. খ) 60
  3. গ) 90
  4. ঘ) 100
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 90
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 90
ব্যাখ্যা
Let the number be x.

Then,
1/3 of 1/4 of x = 25
x = 25 × 4 × 3 
x = 300
So, required number = (3/10) × 300 = 90 
 
১,৩৪৯.
  1. 0.05
  2. 0.5
  3. 0.25
  4. 0.0025
সঠিক উত্তর:
0.5
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
0.5
ব্যাখ্যা
Question:

Solution:
১,৩৫০.
Which of the following CANNOT be a value of 1/(x+1)?
  1. ক) -1
  2. খ) 0
  3. গ) 2/3
  4. ঘ) None
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 0
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 0
ব্যাখ্যা
1/(x+1) = -1 & 1/(x+1) = 2/3 can happen. But 0 cannot be a value of 1/(x+1), if we input 0 then the equation can’t be realistic.
১,৩৫১.
For what value of 'm' will be the pair of equations 2x + 9y = 3 and 14x + my = 23 does not have a unique solution?
  1. ক) 49
  2. খ) 45
  3. গ) 63
  4. ঘ) 54
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 63
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 63
ব্যাখ্যা
2x + 9y = 3
⇒ 7× 2x + 7 × 9y = 7× 3
⇒ 14x + 63y = 21
The given equation 14x + my = 23
The pair of equations 2x + 9y = 3 and 14x + my = 23 does not have a unique solution if the value of m is 63.
১,৩৫২.
The square root of {(8 + 3√10)(8 - 3√10)} is
  1. i√26
  2. 4
  3. √2
  4. √- 2
  5. i√2
সঠিক উত্তর:
i√26
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
i√26
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: The square root of {(8 + 3√10)(8 - 3√10)} is

Solution:
√{(8 + 3√10)(8 - 3√10)}
= √{(8)2 - (3√10)2}
= √(64 - 90)
= √(- 26)
= √(26 × i2)   [where i2 = -1]
= i√26
১,৩৫৩.
What is the smallest number of apples that can be distributed equally (without cutting any apple) among 6,10,14 and 18 boys?
  1. ক) 1260
  2. খ) 360
  3. গ) 315
  4. ঘ) 630
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) 630
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) 630
ব্যাখ্যা
প্রশ্ন : What is the smallest number of apples that can be distributed equally (without cutting any apple) among 6,10,14 and 18 boys?
সমাধান : 
6,10,14, 18 এর লসাগু = 630
অতএব, সর্বনিম্ন ৬৩০টি আপেল ৬, ১০, ১৪ এবং ১৮ জন বালককে সমানভাবে ভাগ করে দেয়া যাবে। 
 
১,৩৫৪.
A fraction becomes 1/2 when 1 is added to both its numerator and denominator. And it becomes 1/4 when 1 is subtracted from both the numerator and denominator. Find the fraction. 
  1. ক) 1/3
  2. খ) 2/5
  3. গ) 3/7
  4. ঘ) 5/11
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 2/5
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 2/5
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: A fraction becomes 1/2 when 1 is added to both its numerator and denominator, and it becomes 1/4 when 1 is subtracted from both the numerator and denominator. Find the fraction. 

Solution: 
Let the required fraction is x/y 
Then,
(x + 1)/(y + 1) = 1/2
⇒ 2x + 2 = y + 1
∴ 2x - y = -1 ........(i)

And
(x - 1)/(y - 1) = 1/4
⇒ 4x - 4 = y - 1
⇒ 4x - y = 4 - 1
∴ 4x - y = 3 ........(ii)

Now, 
Multiplying (i) by 2 then subtracting (ii) from (i) we get, 
-2y + y = - 2 - 3
⇒ -y = - 5
∴ y = 5

Putting the value of y in (i) we get,
2x - 5 = - 1
⇒ 2x = - 1 + 5
⇒ 2x = 4
∴ x = 2 

So, the required fraction = 2/5
১,৩৫৫.
If the sum of two positive integers is 24 and the difference of their squares is 48, what is the product of the two integers?
  1. 119
  2. 135
  3. 143
  4. 128
  5. 131
সঠিক উত্তর:
143
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
143
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: If the sum of two positive integers is 24 and the difference of their squares is 48, what is the product of the two integers?

Solution:
Let the values = x and y
So, x + y = 24

x2 - y2 = 48
⇒ (x + y)(x - y) = 48
⇒ (24)(x - y) = 48
∴ (x - y) = 2

We now have:
x + y = 24
x - y = 2
Add these equations to get: 2x = 26, which means x = 13
If x = 13, then y = 11

So, xy = (13)(11) = 143
১,৩৫৬.
The number which is number neither prime nor composite is
  1. 4
  2. 1
  3. 2
  4. 3
সঠিক উত্তর:
1
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
1
ব্যাখ্যা
1 is a number which is neither prime nor composite.
Because, to be a prime number, there should be only two factors of a number.
to be a composite number, there should be more than two factors of a number.
1 has no factor. So, 1 is a number which is neither prime nor composite.
১,৩৫৭.
2 - 2 + 2 - 2 + ..... 101 terms = ?
  1. ক) -2
  2. খ) 0
  3. গ) 2
  4. ঘ) None of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 2
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 2
ব্যাখ্যা
The given series is such that the sum of first hundred terms is zero, and 101st term is 2. So, the sum of 101 terms is 2.
১,৩৫৮.
A glass when full of milk, weighs 1 kg. It weighs 0.75 kg when the glass is half full. What is weight of the empty glass?
  1. ক) 0.25 kg
  2. খ) 0.35 kg
  3. গ) 0.40 kg
  4. ঘ) 0.50kg
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) 0.50kg
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) 0.50kg
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: A glass when full of milk, weighs 1 kg. It weighs 0.75 kg when the glass is half full. What is weight of the empty glass?

Solution: 
Glass এর ওজন = x কেজি 
Milk এর ওজন = y  কেজি 

এখন 
x + y = 1..................(1)

x + y/2 = 0.75
⇒ (2x + y)/2 = 0.75
⇒  2x +y = 1.5..................(2)

(2) - (1) ⇒
2x + y - (x + y) = 1.5 - 1
2x + y - x - y = 0.5
x = 0.5 

Glass এর ওজন = 0.5 কেজি 

১,৩৫৯.
Sum of 4 consecutive even numbers is greater than three consecutive odd numbers by 81. If the sum of the least odd and even numbers is 59 then find the sum of largest odd and even numbers -
  1. ক) 69
  2. খ) 53
  3. গ) 65
  4. ঘ) 72
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 69
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 69
ব্যাখ্যা

Let 4 consecutive even numbers be x, x + 2, x + 4 and x + 6 respectively.
3 consecutive odd numbers be y, y + 2 and y + 4
According to question,
(x + x + 2 + x + 4 + x + 6) - (y + y + 2 + y + 4) = 81
Or, (4x + 12) - (3y + 6) = 81
Or, 4x - 3y = 81 - 12 + 6
Or, 4x - 3y = 75 ..... (i)
And, x + 4 = 59 ..... (ii)
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get
x = 36
y = 23
The sum of largest odd and even number = x + 6 + y + 4
= x + y + 10
= 36 + 23 + 10
= 69

১,৩৬০.
Find the fectors of 210.
  1. ক) 5 × 7 × 2 × 3
  2. খ) 5 × 13 × 2 × 3
  3. গ) 7 × 11 × 2 × 3
  4. ঘ) 13 × 7 × 2 × 3
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 5 × 7 × 2 × 3
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 5 × 7 × 2 × 3
ব্যাখ্যা
question: Find the fectors of 210.

solution: 

210 = 5 × 7 × 2 × 3
১,৩৬১.
If the sum of two positive numbers is 15 and sum of their reciprocals is 3/10 then the numbers are-
  1. 5, 10
  2. 3, 12
  3. 4, 11
  4. None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর:
5, 10
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
5, 10
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: If the sum of two positive numbers is 15 and sum of their reciprocals is 3/10 then the numbers are-

Solution:
Let the required natural numbers x and (15 - x)
According to given condition,
1/x + 1/(15 - x) = 3/10
⇒ (15 - x + x)/{x(15 - x)} = 3/10
⇒ 15/(15x - x2) = 3/10
⇒ 3(15x - x2) = 150
⇒ 15x - x2 = 50
⇒ x2 - 15x + 50 = 0
⇒ x2 - 10x - 5x + 50 = 0
⇒ x(x - 10) - 5(x - 10) = 0
⇒ (x - 5) (x - 10) = 0
⇒ (x - 5) = 0 or (x - 10) = 0
∴ x = 5 or x = 10
১,৩৬২.
A shopper spends Tk. 1,000 to purchase CDs at Tk. 20 each. The next day, the disks go on sale for Tk. 16 each and the shopper spends Tk. 2,400 to purchase more CDs. What was the average price per disk purchased?
  1. ক) Tk. 15
  2. খ) Tk. 17
  3. গ) Tk. 18
  4. ঘ) Tk. 19
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Tk. 17
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Tk. 17
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: A shopper spends Tk. 1,000 to purchase CDs at Tk. 20 each. The next day, the disks go on sale for Tk. 16 each and the shopper spends Tk. 2,400 to purchase more CDs. What was the average price per disk purchased?

Solution: 
20 টাকা ধরে CD কিনলো = 1000/20 = 50 টি 
16 টাকা ধরে CD কিনলো = 2400/16 = 150 টি 

গড় মূল্য = (1000 + 2400)/(50 + 150) = 17 টাকা 
১,৩৬৩.
The value of 1001 ÷ 11 of 13 is :
  1. 7
  2. 91
  3. 143
  4. 169
সঠিক উত্তর:
7
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
7
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: The value of 1001 ÷ 11 of 13 is :

Solution:
1001 ÷ (11 × 13)
= 1001 ÷ 143
= 7

১,৩৬৪.
If 13 + 23 + 33 + .... + 93 = 2025, then the value of (0.11)3 + (0.22)3 + .... + (0.99)3 is close to :
  1. ক) 26.95
  2. খ) 36.95
  3. গ) 2.695
  4. ঘ) 3.695
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 2.695
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 2.695
ব্যাখ্যা

(0.11)3+(0.22)3+....+(0.99)3
=(0.11)3(13+23+....+93)
=0.001331×2025
=2.695275
≈2.695

১,৩৬৫.
If One-third of one-fourth of a number is 15, then three-tenth of that number is:
  1. 54
  2. 45
  3. 36
  4. 35
সঠিক উত্তর:
54
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
54
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: If One-third of one-fourth of a number is 15, then three-tenth of that number is:

Solution:
Let,
the number is 'x'
then ,
(1/3) × (1/4) × x = 15
⇒ x/12 = 15
⇒ x = 180

Now,
(3/10) × x = (3/10) × 180 = 18 × 3 = 54.
∴ three-tenths of that number is 54.
১,৩৬৬.
In a class of 60, 32 studied English, 28 studied Bengali and 6 did not study either. How many of the students studied both?
  1. 6
  2. 4
  3. 12
  4. 16
সঠিক উত্তর:
6
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
6
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: In a class of 60, 32 studied English, 28 studied Bengali and 6 did not study either. How many of the students studied both?

Solution:
মোট শিক্ষার্থীর সংখ্যা: 60
ইংরেজিতে পড়ে এমন শিক্ষার্থীর সংখ্যা n(E) = 32
বাংলায় পড়ে এমন শিক্ষার্থীর সংখ্যা n(B) = 28
কোনটিই পড়ে না এমন শিক্ষার্থীর সংখ্যা = 6

অন্তত একটি বিষয় পড়ে এমন শিক্ষার্থীর সংখ্যা = 60 - 6
= 54

উভয় বিষয়ে পড়ে = ইংরেজিতে পড়ে + বাংলায় পড়ে - অন্তত একটি বিষয় পড়ে
= 32 + 28 - 54
= 6  

১,৩৬৭.
How many positive integers less than 100 are neither multiples of 2 or 3?
  1. ক) 30
  2. খ) 31
  3. গ) 32
  4. ঘ) 33
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) 33
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) 33
ব্যাখ্যা

1) multiples of 2 till 100 = 100/2 = 50
2) Multiples of 3 till 100 = 100/3 = 33.33 = 33
add the two 50 + 33 = 83; subtract common terms that are multiple of both 2 and 3

LCM of 2 and 3 = 6
Multiples of 6 till 100 = 100/6 = 16.66 = 16
so total multiples of 2 and 3 = 83 - 16 = 67

∴ Number of positive integers less than 100 are neither multiples of 2 or 3 = 100 - 67 = 33

১,৩৬৮.
How many different positive integers exist between 106 and 107, the sum of whose digits is equal to 2?
  1. 6
  2. 7
  3. 14
  4. 28
  5. None of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
7
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
7
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: How many different positive integers exist between 106 and 107, the sum of whose digits is equal to 2?

Solution:
106 থেকে 107 এর মধ্যে অর্থাৎ 106 থেকে (107 - 1) সংখ্যাগুলোর ডিজিট সংখ্যা হবে 7টি।
ডিজিট গুলির যোগফল 2 হবে, এমন দুটি সম্ভাবনা আছে।

১ম ক্ষেত্রে, দুটি ডিজিট 1 এবং অবশিষ্ট 5টি ডিজিট 0
এই ক্ষেত্রে সংখ্যাগুলো = 1100000, 1010000, 1001000, 1000100, 1000010, 1000001 =  6টি সংখ্যা

২য় ক্ষেত্রে, একটি ডিজিট 2 এবং অবশিষ্ট 6টি ডিজিট 0
এই ক্ষেত্রে সংখ্যাগুলো = 2000000 = 1টি সংখ্যা

সুতরাং, মোট সংখ্যা = 6 + 1 = 7টি।
১,৩৬৯.
If , then x = ?
  1. 9
  2. 4
  3. 1
  4. 6
সঠিক উত্তর:
6
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
6
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: If , then x = ?

Solution:

১,৩৭০.
How many prime numbers are there between 56 and 100?
  1. 8
  2. 9
  3. 10
  4. 11
সঠিক উত্তর:
9
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
9
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: How many prime numbers are there between 56 and 100?

Solution:
56 থেকে  100 এর মধ্যবর্তী মৌলিক সংখ্যাগুলো হলো - 
59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97

সুতরাং ৫৬ এবং ১০০ এর মধ্যবর্তী মৌলিক সংখ্যা হলো = 9 টি 
১,৩৭১.
A five-digit number is formed by using digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 without repetition. What is the probability that the number is divisible by 4?
  1. ক) 1/5
  2. খ) 5/6
  3. গ) 3/4
  4. ঘ) None of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 1/5
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 1/5
ব্যাখ্যা

A number divisible by 4 formed using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 has to have the last two digits 12 or 24 or 32 or 52.
In each of these cases, the five digits number can be formed using the remaining 3 digits in 3! = 6 ways.
A number divisible by 4 can be formed in 6 × 4 = 24 ways.
Total number that can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 without repetition
= 5! = 120
Required probability,
= 24/120
= 1/5

১,৩৭২.
Which of the following numbers is not divisible by 3?
  1. 729
  2. 567
  3. 1458
  4. 1376
সঠিক উত্তর:
1376
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
1376
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: Which of the following numbers is not divisible by 3?

Solution:
A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3.
Checking each number:
729: 7 + 2 + 9 = 18, and 18/3 = 6 → divisible 
567: 5 + 6 + 7 = 18, and 18/3 = 6 → divisible 
1458: 1 + 4 + 5 + 8 = 18, and 18/3 = 6→ divisible 
1376: 1 + 3 + 7 + 6 = 17, and 17/3 = 5.66 → not fully divisible

∴ 1376 can not be divided by 3

১,৩৭৩.
Find the sum of two numbers, which are greater than 29 and have H.C.F. and L.C.M. of 29 and 4147 respectively.
  1. 858
  2. 696
  3. 1050
  4. 4147
সঠিক উত্তর:
696
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
696
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: Find the sum of two numbers, which are greater than 29 and have H.C.F. and L.C.M. of 29 and 4147 respectively.

Solution:
Product of two numbers = Product of their H.C.F. and L.C.M.
Product of two numbers = 29 × 4147 = 120263

Two numbers are greater than 29.
Therefore, let the two numbers be 29x and 29y.
So, 29x × 29y = 120263
xy = 143

Factors of 143 are: 1, 11, 13, and 143
Case: 1) If we consider factors of 143 as 1 and 143 (co-primes), then we get the value of two numbers x and y = (29 and 4147) ------ (Which is wrong: As it is given that, the numbers are greater than 29)

Case: 2) If we consider factors of 143 as 11 and 13 (co-primes), then we get the value of two numbers x and y = (319, 377) ------ (These two values are greater than 29. So, it is the correct answer)
Therefore, the two numbers are 319 and 377.

Sum of two numbers = 319 + 377 = 696
১,৩৭৪.
At every stop after the first, half of the passengers leave the bus, and no new passengers board after the first stop. If only 4 people get off at the fourth stop, how many passengers boarded the bus at the first stop?
  1. 12
  2. 32
  3. 38
  4. 42
সঠিক উত্তর:
32
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
32
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: At every stop after the first, half of the passengers leave the bus, and no new passengers board after the first stop. If only 4 people get off at the fourth stop, how many passengers boarded the bus at the first stop?

Solution:
After stop 4: The number of people on the bus = 4
After stop 3: The number of people on the bus = 8
After stop 2: The number of people on the bus = 16
After stop 1: The number of people on the bus = 32

Hence, the number of passengers boarded the bus at the first stop = 32
১,৩৭৫.
What is the H.C.F. of 30, 50, 70?
  1. 10
  2. 120
  3. 150
  4. 1050
সঠিক উত্তর:
10
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
10
ব্যাখ্যা
30 = 3 × 10
50 = 5 × 10
70 = 7 × 10
H.C.F. of 30, 50, 70 = 10
১,৩৭৬.
The sum of three consecutive odd integers is 48 more than the last of the numbers. What is the middle number?
  1. 21
  2. 23
  3. 25
  4. 27
  5. 31
সঠিক উত্তর:
25
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
25
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: The sum of three consecutive odd integers is 48 more than the last of the numbers. What is the middle number?

Solution:
Let the first odd number be x
∴ 2nd odd number is x + 2
∴ 3rd odd number is x + 4

According to the question,
Sum of the odd numbers = (x + 4) + 48

The equation,
x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) = (x + 4) + 48
⇒ 3x + 6 = x + 4 + 48
⇒ 3x + 6 = x + 52
⇒ 3x - x = 52 - 6
⇒ 2x = 46
⇒ x = 46/2
⇒ x = 23

First number is 23
The second number is 25
The third number is 27

∴ The middle number is 25

১,৩৭৭.
The sum of first 55 natural numbers is -
  1. 1610
  2. 1590
  3. 1580
  4. 1540
সঠিক উত্তর:
1540
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
1540
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: The sum of first 55 natural numbers is -

Solution: 
We know that,
The sum of the first n natural numbers = n(n+1)​/2

Sum of first 55 natural numbers is = 55(55 + 1)/2
= (55 × 56)/2
= 1540
১,৩৭৮.
Out of two numbers, 40% of the greater number is equal to 60% of the smaller. If the sum of the numbers is 150, then the greater number is-
  1. 50
  2. 76
  3. 80
  4. 90
সঠিক উত্তর:
90
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
90
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: Out of two numbers, 40% of the greater number is equal to 60% of the smaller. If the sum of the numbers is 150, then the greater number is-

Solution:
Let, greater number be = x.
Smaller number = 150 - x

ATQ,
(40 × x)/100 = {60(150 - x)}/100
⇒ 40x/100 = (9000 - 60x)/100
⇒ 100x = 9000
⇒ x = 9000/100
∴ x = 90
১,৩৭৯.
If 8265P is divisible by 9, what is the value of P?
  1. 6
  2. 5
  3. 8
  4. 9
সঠিক উত্তর:
6
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
6
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: If 8265P is divisible by 9, what is the value of P?

Solution:
একটি সংখ্যা 9 দ্বারা বিভাজ্য হবে যদি সংখ্যাটির অঙ্কগুলোর সমষ্টি 9 দ্বারা বিভাজ্য হয়।

8 + 2 + 6 + 5 = 21; এর সাথে P যোগ করলে (21 + P) হবে, যা 9 দ্বারা বিভাজ্য হতে হবে।

21 + P = 27 (যা 9 দ্বারা বিভাজ্য নিকটতম সংখ্যা)
⇒ P = 27 - 21 = 6
∴ P = 6

১,৩৮০.
If p and q are positive integers and (p - q) is an even number, then (p2 - q2) will be always divisible by-
  1. 3
  2. 4
  3. 6
  4. 9
  5. 12
সঠিক উত্তর:
4
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
4
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: If p and q are positive integers and (p - q) is an even number, then (p2 - q2) will be always divisible by-

Solution:
When, p = 3 and q = 1 then, p - q = 3 - 1 = 2 (even)
∴ p2 - q2 = 32 - 12
= 9 - 1
= 8
When, p = 4 and q = 2  then, p - q = 4 - 2 = 2 (even)
 p2 - q2 = 42 - 22
= 16 - 4
= 12
When, p = 5 and q = 3 then, p - q = 5 - 3 = 2 (even)
p2 - q2 = 52 - 32
= 25 - 9
= 16

H.C.F. of 8, 12, 16 = 4
So, the number is divisible by 4.

১,৩৮১.
Which of the following is not a prime number?
  1. ক) 241
  2. খ) 337
  3. গ) 391
  4. ঘ) 571
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 391
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 391
ব্যাখ্যা

Clearly, 162 > 241.
∴ 16 > √241
Now,
Prime numbers less than 16 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13.
241 is not divisible by any of them. 
∴ 241 is a prime number
In that same fashion,
337 and 571 are also prime numbers.

Now, 391
clearly, 202 > 391
∴ 20 > √391
Now, Prime numbers less than 20 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19
Here, 391 is divisible by 17.
∴ 391 is not a prime number.

১,৩৮২.
The sum of the first five prime number is:
  1. 11
  2. 18
  3. 26
  4. 28
সঠিক উত্তর:
28
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
28
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: The sum of the first five prime number is:

Solution:
The first five prime number are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11
Required sum =(2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11) = 28

১,৩৮৩.
Five consecutive integers are given. If the sum of the three integers is 24, what is the sum of the last three?
  1. 27
  2. 28
  3. 29
  4. 30
  5. None of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
30
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
30
ব্যাখ্যা

X + X + 1 + X + 2 = 24
or 3X + 3 = 24
or, X = 7
last three (7 + 2) + (7 + 3) + (7 + 4) = 30.

১,৩৮৪.
The product of two numbers is 9375 and the quotient, when the larger one is divided by the smaller, is 15. The sum of the numbers is:
  1. ক) 420
  2. খ) 400
  3. গ) 450
  4. ঘ) 600
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 400
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 400
ব্যাখ্যা
Let
the larger numbers be x and
the smaller numbers be y.

Then, xy = 9375 and
          x/y = 15
now 
xy/(x/y) = 9375/15
y2 = 625
y2 = 252
y = 25 

x = 25 × 15 = 375

x + y = 375 + 25 = 400
১,৩৮৫.
What is the least number of digits (including repetitions) needed to express 10100 in decimal notation?
  1. 100 digits
  2. 1000 digits
  3. 1001 digits
  4. 101 digits
  5. None of the above
সঠিক উত্তর:
101 digits
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
101 digits
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: What is the least number of digits (including repetitions) needed to express 10100 in decimal notation?

Solution:
101 = 2 digits
102 = 3 digits
103 = 4digits
104 = 5digits
...........
...........
10n = n + 1 digits
Therefore, 10100 = 100 + 1 = 101 digits
১,৩৮৬.
Find the highest common factor of 36 and 84.
  1. 4
  2. 6
  3. 12
  4. 18
সঠিক উত্তর:
12
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
12
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: Find the highest common factor of 36 and 84.

Solution:
36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
84 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 7

H.C.F. of 36 and 84 = 2 × 2 × 3 = 12.

১,৩৮৭.
When x is divided by 7, the remainder is 6. Which of the following must be an even number?
  1. x + 6
  2. x2 + x
  3. x - 4
  4. None
সঠিক উত্তর:
x2 + x
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
x2 + x
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: When x is divided by 7, the remainder is 6. Which of the following must be an even number?

Solution:
Given that when x is divided by 7, the remainder is 6, we can express x as:
x = 7k + 6  where k is an integer.

Now, let's evaluate each option to see which, if any, must be an even number.

Option ক)
x + 6
x + 6 = (7k + 6) + 6 = 7k +12
Since 7k is odd or even depending on k, adding 12 (which is even) does not guarantee that x + 6 will be even.
Therefore, x + 6 is not necessarily even.

Option খ)
x2 + x
x2 + x = (7k+6)2 + (7k+6) Let's expand and simplify:
x2 + x = (49k2 + 84k + 36) + (7k + 6) = 49k2 + 91k + 42
All terms are multiples of 7, and 42 is an even number, making the entire expression even.
Thus, x2 + x  must be an even number.

Option গ)
x - 4
x - 4 = (7k + 6) - 4 = 7k + 2
This is not necessarily even because 7k + 2 depends on the parity of k.
Therefore, x - 4 is not necessarily even.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is খ) x2 + x
১,৩৮৮.
Find the least number which is when divided by 12 and 16 will have remainders of 5 and 9 respectively?
  1. ক) 42
  2. খ) 41
  3. গ) 43
  4. ঘ) 44
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 41
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 41
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: Find the least number which is when divided by 12 and 16 will have remainders of 5 and 9 respectively?
Solution: 
১২ - ৫ = ৭; ১৬ - ৯ = ৭
এখন,
১২ = ২ × ২ × ৩
১৬ = ২ × ২ × ২ × ২
∴ ১২, ১৬ এর লসাগু = ২ × ২ × ৩ × ২ × ২ = ৪৮
সুতরাং, নির্ণেয় সংখ্যা = ৪৮ - ৭ = ৪১
১,৩৮৯.
What is the LCM if the HCF is 48 and the product of two numbers is 16128?
  1. ক) 112
  2. খ) 224
  3. গ) 336
  4. ঘ) 448
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 336
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 336
ব্যাখ্যা
L.C.M. (a,b) × H.C.F. (a,b) = product of a and b
Here, a and b are two numbers.
Therefore,
L.C.M.=16128/48
⇒ L.C.M. = 336.
Hence, the L.C.M. is 336.
=========================
লসাগু × গসাগু = সংখ্যা দুইটির গুণফল 
লসাগু = সংখ্যা দুইটির গুণফল /গসাগু
লসাগু = ১৬১২৮/৪৮ = ৩৩৬
১,৩৯০.
A number when divided by a divisor leaves a remainder of 24. When twice the original number is divided by the same divisor, the remainder is 11. What is the value of the divisor?
  1. 13
  2. 59
  3. 35
  4. 37
সঠিক উত্তর:
37
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
37
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: A number when divided by a divisor leaves a remainder of 24. When twice the original number is divided by the same divisor, the remainder is 11. What is the value of the divisor?

Solution:
Let the original number be 'a'.
Let the divisor be 'd'.
Let the quotient of dividing 'a' by 'd' be 'x'.
and the remainder is 24.
∴ a = dx + 24
⇒ 2a = 2(dx + 24) 
⇒ 2a = 2dx + 48

Twice the original number is divided by 'd' means 2a is divided by d.
When (2dx + 48) is divided by 'd' the remainder is 11.
2dx is divisible by 'd' and will therefore, not leave a remainder.
The remainder of 11 would be the remainder of dividing 48 by d.

The question essentially becomes "What number will leave a remainder of 11 when it divides 48?"
When 37 divides 48, the remainder is 11.

Hence, the divisor is 37.
১,৩৯১.
Find the number of divisors of 360.
  1. 16
  2. 28
  3. 18
  4. 24
সঠিক উত্তর:
24
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
24
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: Find the number of divisors of 360.

Solution:
Prime Factorization,
360 = 36 × 10 = (9 × 4) × (2 × 5) = 32 × 22 × 2 × 5 = 23 × 32 × 51

Apply Divisor Formula:
(3 + 1)(2 + 1)(1 + 1) = 4 × 3 × 2 = 24

∴ 360 has 24 divisors.
১,৩৯২.
A number, when divided by 275, leaves a remainder of 38. If the same number is divided by 25, what remainder will it leave?
  1. 15
  2. 23
  3. 13
  4. 22
  5. None
সঠিক উত্তর:
13
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
13
ব্যাখ্যা

Question: A number, when divided by 275, leaves a remainder of 38. If the same number is divided by 25, what remainder will it leave?

Solution:
Let the number be x and the quotient be q.

Then,
x = 275q + 38
⇒ x = (25 × 11q) + 38
⇒ x = (25 × 11q) + (25 × 1) + 13
⇒ x = 25(11q + 1) + 13

∴ When the number is divided by 25, the remainder is 13.

১,৩৯৩.
The sum and products of two numbers is 20 and 96 respectively. what is the sum of their reciprocals?
  1. ক) 3/4
  2. খ) 1/6
  3. গ) 5/24
  4. ঘ) 1/8
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 5/24
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 5/24
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: The sum and products of two numbers is 20 and 96 respectively. what is the sum of their reciprocals?

Solution:
ধরি,
বড় সংখ্যাটি a ও ছোট সংখ্যাটি b

প্রশ্নমতে,
a + b = 20 ................. (1)
ab = 96 ..................... (2)

আমরা জানি,
(a - b)2 = (a + b)2 - 4ab
= (20)2 - 4 × 96
= 400 - 384
= 16
∴ a - b = 4 ........................ (3)

(1) + (2) হতে পাই,
a + b = 20
a - b = 4
2a = 24
∴ a = 12

a এর মান (1) নং বসিয়ে পাই,
12 + b = 20
বা, b = 8

12 ও 8 এর ব্যস্তানুপাত = (1/12) + (1/8)
= (2 + 3)/24
= 5/24
১,৩৯৪.
Sum of 10 integer is 462. The average of first 4 number is 52 and the average of last 5 number is 38. What is the fifth number?
  1. ক) 64
  2. খ) 60
  3. গ) 50
  4. ঘ) 62
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 64
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) 64
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: Sum of 10 integer is 462. The average of first 4 number is 52 and the average of last 5 number is 38. What is the fifth number?

Solution: 
১ টি পূর্ণসংখ্যার সমষ্টি = ৪৬২

প্রথম ৪ টি সংখ্যার সমষ্টি = (৪ × ৫২) = ২০৮
শেষ ৫ টি সংখ্যার সমষ্টি = (৫ × ৩৮) = ১৯০

∴ ৫ম সংখ্যাটি = (৪৬২ - ২০৮ - ১৯০) = ৬৪
১,৩৯৫.
  1. ক) 2
  2. খ) 3
  3. গ) 4
  4. ঘ) 5
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) 5
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) 5
ব্যাখ্যা
প্রশ্ন:

সমাধান: 
১,৩৯৬.
7 is added to a certain number; the sum is multiplied by 5, the product is divided by 9 and 3 is subtracted from the quotient. The remainder left is 12. The number is:
  1. 15
  2. 20
  3. 22
  4. 25
সঠিক উত্তর:
20
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
20
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: 7 is added to a certain number; the sum is multiplied by 5, the product is divided by 9 and 3 is subtracted from the quotient. The remainder left is 12. The number is:

Solution:
Let the original number be x

Now
{5(x + 7)/9} - 3 = 12
⇒ {5(x + 7) - 27}/9 = 12
⇒ 5(x + 7) - 27 = 108
⇒ 5x + 35 - 27 = 108
⇒ 5x + 8 = 108
⇒ 5x = 100
∴ x = 20
১,৩৯৭.
An officer was appointed on maximum daily wayes on contract money of Tk. 4956. But on being absent for some days, he was paid Tk. 3894. For how many days was he absent?
  1. 2
  2. 3
  3. 4
  4. None
সঠিক উত্তর:
3
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
3
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: An officer was appointed on maximum daily wayes on contract money of Tk. 4956. But on being absent for some days, he was paid Tk. 3894. For how many days was he absent?

Solution:
Maximum daily wages of the officers = H.C.F of Tk. 4956 and Tk. 3894
H.C.F of 4956 & 3894 = 354
So, he was appointed for 4956/354 = 14 days
But he was present = 3894/354 = 11 days.

So, he was absent for (14 -11) days = 3 days
১,৩৯৮.
The difference between a number and its two-fifth is 510. What is the ten percent of that number?
  1. ক) 850
  2. খ) 95
  3. গ) 85
  4. ঘ) 125
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 85
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 85
ব্যাখ্যা
Question: The difference between a number and its two-fifth is 510. What is the ten percent of that number?

Solution:
Let,
the number will be x.

ATQ,
x - (2x/5) = 510
⇒ (5x - 2x)/5 = 510
⇒ 3x/5 = 510
⇒ 3x = 510 × 5
⇒ x = 2550/3
x = 850

∴ The number of 10% = 850 × (10/100) = 85 
১,৩৯৯.
The greatest number by which the product of three consecutive multiples of 3 is always divisible is :
  1. ক) 160
  2. খ) 162
  3. গ) 197
  4. ঘ) 169
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 162
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) 162
ব্যাখ্যা
Three consecutive multiples of 3 are 3y, 3(y + 1) and 3(y + 2)
Their product = 3y × 3(y + 1) × 3(y + 2)
                      = 27 × y × (y + 1) × (y + 2)
If y = 1,
then we have the product
= (27 × 1 × 2 × 3)
= 162
So, this product is always divisible by 162
১,৪০০.
If x = 2 - m and y = 3m + 2, then for what value of m, x is equal to y? 
  1. ক) 2
  2. খ) 1
  3. গ) 0
  4. ঘ) - 1
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 0
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) 0
ব্যাখ্যা
Given that 
x = 2 - m
y = 3m + 2

Now 
x = y 
2 - m = 3m + 2
2 - 2 = 3m + m 
0 = 4m
4m = 0 
m = 0