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Insulin/Glucose Dynamics

মোট প্রশ্ন৩২এই পাতা৩২প্রতি পাতা১০০
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উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Insulin/Glucose Dynamics

PrepBank · পাতা ১ / ১ · ১–৩২ / ৩২

১.
Metabolic actions of glucocorticoids on CHO
  1. ক
    increase glucose utilization
  2. খ
    Increase deposition of liver glycogen
  3. গ
    glucose transport in muscle and
  4. ঘ
    Stimulate ketosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Metabolic actions of glucocorticoids Effects On carbohydrate  -Promotion of gluconeogenesis
Metabolism - (cortisol stimulates synthesis of gluconeogenic enzyme by DNA transcription)
-  Reduction in glucose utilization
-  Increase deposition of liver glycogen
-Block glucose transport in muscle and
-Adipose tissue (anti insulin action)
Net effect: increased blood glucose
২.
Insulin secretion is increased in
  1. ক
    Fasting
  2. খ
    Somatostatin
  3. গ
    Leptin
  4. ঘ
    Obesity
৩.
Kidney synthesize glucose by the process of
  1. ক
    Glycolysis
  2. খ
    Glycogenesis
  3. গ
    Gluconeogenesis
  4. ঘ
    Glucogenesis
ব্যাখ্যা
The kidneys synthesize glucose from amino acids and other precursors during prolonged fasting, a process referred to as gluconeogenesis. The kidneys’ capacity to add glucose to the blood during prolonged periods of fasting rivals that of the liver.
৪.
Last and Least choice for heart as metabolic fuel
  1. ক
    Ketone body
  2. খ
    Glucose
  3. গ
    Fatty acid
  4. ঘ
    Lactate
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 232

Last and Least choice for heart as metabolic fuel is glucose
৫.
Hormones that doesnt counteract the action of insulin
  1. ক
    GH
  2. খ
    Epinephrine
  3. গ
    GIP-1
  4. ঘ
    Thyroid hormone
ব্যাখ্যা
Hormones that counteract the action of insulin Diabetogenic hormones:
1.  Glucagon
2.  Cortisol
3.  Epinephrine & Norepinephrine
4.  Growth hormone
5.  Thyroid hormone
৬.
F cell of islets of Langerhans secrete
  1. ক
    ক) Somatostatin
  2. খ
    খ) Insulin
  3. গ
    গ) Glucagon
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) PP
ব্যাখ্যা

Islets of Langerhans consist of four types of cells:
 A cells or α-cells, which secrete glucagon
 B cells or β-cells, which secrete insulin
 D cells or δ-cells, which secrete somatostatin
 F cells or PP cells, which secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

৭.
Most common site of gluconeogenesis
  1. ক
    Skin
  2. খ
    Skeletal muscle
  3. গ
    Kidney
  4. ঘ
    LIver
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 158

Site of gluconeogenesis: a.Liver  90%
                                           b.Kidney 10%
৮.
Which of the following pancreatic secretions has a receptor with four subunits, two of which have tyrosine kinase activity?
  1. ক
    ক) Insulin
  2. খ
    খ) Glucagon
  3. গ
    গ) Somatostatin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pancreatic lipase
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation-
★ The insulin receptor in target tissues is a tetramer. The two β subunits have tyrosine kinase activity and autophosphorylate the receptor when stimulated by insulin.
Reference-Ganong physiology/26th/P-424 &BRS physiology/6th/P-249/Fig-7.3
৯.
B cell of islets of Langerhans secrete
  1. ক
    ক) Somatostatin
  2. খ
    খ) Insulin
  3. গ
    গ) Glucagon
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) PP
ব্যাখ্যা

Islets of Langerhans consist of four types of cells:
 A cells or α-cells, which secrete glucagon
 B cells or β-cells, which secrete insulin
 D cells or δ-cells, which secrete somatostatin
 F cells or PP cells, which secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

১০.
Inhibitor of enzyme enolase
  1. ক
    Cyanide
  2. খ
    Na - k ATP ase
  3. গ
    Fluride
  4. ঘ
    Nerve gas
১১.
Insulin causes hypoglycemia by:
  1. ক
    Glycogenolysis
  2. খ
    Uptake & storage of glucose as glycogen in adipose tissue
  3. গ
    Uptake & utilization of glucose for lipolysis
  4. ঘ
    Inhibition of gluconeogenesis
ব্যাখ্যা
Insulin causes hypoglycemia by:
1.  Uptakes & oxidation of glucose by cells
2.  Uptake & storage of glucose as glycogen in muscle & liver.
3.  Uptake & utilization of glucose for lipogenesis & fat synthesis in adipocyte.
4.  Inhibition of gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis
১২.
Not a Function of glucagon
  1. ক
    Anabolic hormone
  2. খ
    Increased FFA
  3. গ
    Hyperglycemia
  4. ঘ
    Inccreased ketone body
১৩.
Which one is antidiabetogenic hormone?
  1. ক
    glucagon
  2. খ
    cortisol
  3. গ
    insulin
  4. ঘ
    Thyroxin
ব্যাখ্যা
All other are diabetogenic
১৪.
Stimulatant of insulin secretion
  1. ক
    Somatosatatin
  2. খ
    Cathecholamine
  3. গ
    Leptin
  4. ঘ
    GIP
১৫.
Only insulin dependent
  1. ক
    GLUT1
  2. খ
    GLUT 2
  3. গ
    GLUT 3
  4. ঘ
    GLUT4
১৬.
Which cell of the pancreas secrets amylin
  1. ক
    Alpha
  2. খ
    Beta
  3. গ
    Delta
  4. ঘ
    Pancreatic Pol
১৭.
The Permissive action of cortisol is on-
  1. ক
    ক) Thyroxine
  2. খ
    খ) Aldosterone
  3. গ
    গ) Glucagon
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Growth hormone
ব্যাখ্যা
The Permissive action of cortisol is on glucagon
১৮.
Which hormone directly control cellular function?
  1. ক
    Insulin
  2. খ
    ADH
  3. গ
    PTH
  4. ঘ
    LH
ব্যাখ্যা
Insulin & GH directly control cellular function
১৯.
Hypoglycemia mostly affects which system?
  1. ক
    Cardiovascular
  2. খ
    Respiratory
  3. গ
    GIT
  4. ঘ
    Nervous
ব্যাখ্যা
Glucose is the only fuel used by brain.
২০.
D cell f islets of Langerhans secrete
  1. ক
    Somatostatin
  2. খ
    Insulin
  3. গ
    Glucagon
  4. ঘ
    PP
ব্যাখ্যা

Islets of Langerhans consist of four types of cells:
• A cells or α-cells, which secrete glucagon
• B cells or β-cells, which secrete insulin
• D cells or δ-cells, which secrete somatostatin
• F cells or PP cells, which secrete pancreatic polypeptide.

২১.
Function of GLUT 6
  1. ক
    Basal glucose uptake
  2. খ
    Fructose transport
  3. গ
    Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake
  4. ঘ
    None
২২.
Non classical site of insulin receptor
  1. ক
    Liver
  2. খ
    Muscle cell
  3. গ
    Fat cell
  4. ঘ
    Lymphocyte
ব্যাখ্যা
Others are classical sites of insulin receptor.
২৩.
Effects of insulin on Adipose tissues
  1. ক
    Increased glucose entry
  2. খ
    Activation of lipoprotein lipase
  3. গ
    Increased glycogen synthesis
  4. ঘ
    Increased ketone uptake
ব্যাখ্যা
Effects of insulin on various tissues
Adipose tissue
Increased glucose entry Increased fatty acid
Increased glycerol phosphate synthesis Increased triglyceride deposition Activation of lipoprotein lipase Inhibition of hormone sensitive lipase Increased K+ uptake
Muscle
Increased glucose entry Increased glycogen synthesis Increased amino acid uptake
Increased protein synthesis in ribosomes Decreased protein catabolism
Decreased release of gluconeogenic amino acids Increased ketone uptake
Increased K+ uptake
২৪.
Rate limiting enzyme of Glycolysis
  1. ক
    Phosphofructokinase
  2. খ
    Hexokinase
  3. গ
    Glucokinase
  4. ঘ
    Isocitrare dehydrogenase
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 149

Rate limiting enzyme of Glycolysis- Phosphofructokinase
২৫.
No of ATP is produced from EM pathway
  1. ক
    4
  2. খ
    6
  3. গ
    8
  4. ঘ
    12
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 147

ATP( Aerobic)-8
ATP( Anerobic)-2
২৬.
Pancreatic hormones are secreted from islet cells of pancreas
  1. ক
    A(α)5%
  2. খ
    B(β)60%
  3. গ
    D(δ)09%
  4. ঘ
    F(pp) 25
ব্যাখ্যা
A(α)-25%
B(B)-60%
D(δ)-10%
F(pp)-5%
২৭.
Anabolic effects of insulin:
  1. ক
    Decreasd glucagon release
  2. খ
    Increasd lipolysis in adipose tissue
  3. গ
    DecreasdNa+ retention (kidneys)
  4. ঘ
    insulin crosses placenta.
২৮.
Glycemic index of milk
  1. ক
    25
  2. খ
    35
  3. গ
    45
  4. ঘ
    55
২৯.
Kidney synthesize glucose by the process of
  1. ক
    ক) Glycolysis
  2. খ
    খ) Glycogenesis
  3. গ
    গ) Gluconeogenesis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Glucogenesis
ব্যাখ্যা
The kidneys synthesize glucose from amino acids and other precursors during prolonged fasting, a process referred to as gluconeogenesis. The kidneys’ capacity to add glucose to the blood during prolonged periods of fasting rivals that of the liver.
৩০.
Functions of insulin excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Fat synthesis
  2. খ
    খ) Protein synthesis
  3. গ
    গ) Glycogolysis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Growth & gene expression
৩১.
Diabetogenic hormone
  1. ক
    ক) GH
  2. খ
    খ) ADH
  3. গ
    গ) Insulin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Oxytocin
ব্যাখ্যা
GH, Glucagon, cortisol etc. are diabetogenic hormones.
৩২.
Major anabolic hormone of the body is-
  1. ক
    ক) Growth hormone
  2. খ
    খ) Thyroid hormone
  3. গ
    গ) Aldosterone
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Insulin
ব্যাখ্যা
Insulin is major anabolic hormone of the body