Explanation - Most pulmonary emboli (60% to 80%) are clinically silent because they are small. With time they become organized and are incorporated into the vascular wall; in some cases organization of the thromboembolus leaves behind a delicate, bridging fibrous web.
• Sudden death, acute right heart failure (cor pulmonale), or cardiovascular collapse occurs when emboli obstruct 60% or more of the pulmonary circulation( Large emboli).
• Embolic obstruction of medium-sized arteries with subsequent vascular rupture can result in pulmonary hemorrhage but usually does not cause pulmonary infarction. • Embolic obstruction of small end-arteriolar pulmonary branches often does produce hemorrhage or infarction. • Multiple emboli over time may cause pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure.
৩.
Fat embolism is common in
ক
ক) Fracture
খ
খ) DVT
গ
গ) Blood transfusion
ঘ
ঘ) Thrombophlebitis
ব্যাখ্যা
Fat embolism is common in fracture
৪.
Amniotic fluid embolism -
ক
Occurs after threatened abortion
খ
Causes sudden severe dyspnea
গ
Placental circulation is not involved
ঘ
Patient suffer from chronic anaemia
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation - Amniotic fluid embolism is the fifth most common cause of maternal mortality worldwide; it accounts for roughly 10% of maternal deaths in the United States and results in permanent neurologic deficit in as many as 85% of survivors. Amniotic fluid embolism is an ominous complication of labor and the immediate postpartum period.Mortality rate is up to 80%. The onset is characterized by sudden severe dyspnea, cyanosis, and shock, followed by neurologic impairment ranging from headache to seizures and coma, and by DIC.