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PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন

Organ-Specific Pathology

মোট প্রশ্ন১১৮এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Organ-Specific Pathology

PrepBank · পাতা ১ / ২ · ১–১০০ / ১১৮

১.
Cast cell found in a AGN-
  1. ক
    ক) Epithelial cast
  2. খ
    খ) hyaline cast
  3. গ
    গ) RBC cast
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) granular cast
ব্যাখ্যা
RBC cast is found in AGN
২.
False statement about osteoarthritis -
  1. ক
    Degenerative joint disease
  2. খ
    Articular cartilage is involved
  3. গ
    Collagen type II is degraded by matrix metalloproteinases
  4. ঘ
    Morning stiffnes is absent
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Osteoarthritis is an insidious disease 
Patient age over 50 year
Characterizes by deep, achy pain that worsens with use, morning stiffness, crepitus and limitation of range of movement. 
৩.
Which one is not a feature of of nephrotic syndrome-
  1. ক
    ক) Proteinuria
  2. খ
    খ) Lipiduria
  3. গ
    গ) Haematuria
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hypoalbuminaemia
ব্যাখ্যা
Haematuria occurs in nephritic syndrome
৪.
What is the pre renal cause of acute renal failure -
  1. ক
    Glomerulonephritis
  2. খ
    Drugs
  3. গ
    Dehydration
  4. ঘ
    Urinary calculi
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Pre renal cause of acute renal failure :
Cardiac failure
Sepsis
Blood loss
Dehydration
Vascular occlusion 
৫.
Most common cause of CKD-
  1. ক
    Diabetes malitus
  2. খ
    Glomerular disease
  3. গ
    Hypertension
  4. ঘ
    SLE
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Causes of CKD -
Diabetes malitus (20-40%)
Interstitial disease (20-30%)
Glomerular disease
Hypertension 
SLE
PCOD
Renal artery stenosis
Unknown (5-20%)
৬.
Most common cause of bronchiactesis
  1. ক
    ক) Cystic fibrosis
  2. খ
    খ) Tuberculosis
  3. গ
    গ) Supporative pneumonia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Bronchial tumor
ব্যাখ্যা
TB is most common cause of Bronchiectasis
৭.
Feature of benign murmur -
  1. ক
    Stony dull
  2. খ
    Mid diastolic
  3. গ
    No radiation
  4. ঘ
    Associated with systemic HTN
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Features of innocent or benign murmur -
Soft
Mid- systolic
Heard at left sternal edge
No radiation 
No other cardiac abnormalities 
Present in anaemia,Thyrotoxicosis,Pregnancy. 
৮.
Floor of bacillary ulcer formed by -
  1. ক
    ক) Submucous coat
  2. খ
    খ) muscularis mucosa
  3. গ
    গ) muscle coat
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Peritoneum
ব্যাখ্যা
Submucosal coat forms floor of bacillary ulcer
৯.
Obstructive airway disease -
  1. ক
    Asthma
  2. খ
    Pneumonia
  3. গ
    ARDS
  4. ঘ
    Interstitial lung disease
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Obstructive pulmonary disease -
Asthma
COPD
১০.
Causes of chronic type-2 respiratory failure excludes
  1. ক
    ক) COPD
  2. খ
    খ) Sleep apnoea
  3. গ
    গ) Lobar collapse
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Myopathies
ব্যাখ্যা
Type-1 respiratory failure occurs in lobar collapse
১১.
Which of the following is the most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers?
  1. ক
    ক) Squamous carcinoma
  2. খ
    খ) Small cell carcinoma
  3. গ
    গ) Adenocarcinoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Large cell carcinoma
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Adenocarcinoma is the most common cancers in non-smokers.
১২.
Stages of lobar pneumonia excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Congestion
  2. খ
    খ) Red hepatisation
  3. গ
    গ) Blue hepatisation
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Resolution
ব্যাখ্যা
• In lobar pneumonia, four stages of the inflammatory response have classically been described: congestion, red hepatization, gray hepatization, and resolution.
১৩.
IBS -
  1. ক
    Acute relapsing pain,bloating
  2. খ
    Psychological stress interplay a role
  3. গ
    Common age group is above 50 years
  4. ঘ
    Related to menopause of women
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
IBS is characterized by chronic,relapsing,abdominal pain,bloating,and changes in bowel habits.
Peak prevalence 20-40 years
Related to menstruation of a women
১৪.
Which is not the feature of raised ICP -
  1. ক
    Headache
  2. খ
    Tachycardia
  3. গ
    Papilloedema
  4. ঘ
    Impairement of conscious level
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Features of raised ICP :
Severe headache.
Blurred vision.
Feeling less alert than usual.
Vomiting.
Changes in your behavior.
Weakness or problems with moving or talking.
Lack of energy or sleepiness.
Seizure.
১৫.
Which of the following is a feature of AGN?
  1. ক
    ক) Proteinuria
  2. খ
    খ) Lipiduria
  3. গ
    গ) Haematuria
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hypoalbuminaemia
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Others are the features of nephrotic syndrome.
১৬.
Most accurate ECG findings in MI -
  1. ক
    ST depression
  2. খ
    ST elevation
  3. গ
    Inverted T wave
  4. ঘ
    Pathological Q wave
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
ECG findings in acute MI -
ST elevation ( most accurate) 
Also, ST depration
   T inversion.
১৭.
Most common complications of peptic ulcer disease -
  1. ক
    Bledding
  2. খ
    Perforation
  3. গ
    Obstruction
  4. ঘ
    Neoplasm
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Complications of peptic ulcer disease -
Bleeding (15-20%) 
Perforation (5%)
Obstruction (2%)
১৮.
Limiting pH of urine
  1. ক
    ক) 3.5
  2. খ
    খ) 4.5
  3. গ
    গ) 4
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 5
ব্যাখ্যা
The limiting pH of urine is 4.5
১৯.
Causes of painless haematuria -
  1. ক
    Glomerulonephritis
  2. খ
    UTI
  3. গ
    Renal calculi
  4. ঘ
    Reflux nephropathy
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Painless haematuria :
Glomerulonephritis 
Tumors of the kidney,ureter,bladder or prostate
Tuberculosis
Interstitial nephritis
Coagulation disorder

Painful haematuria :
Urinary tract infections
Renal calculi
Loin pain haematuria syndrome 
২০.
Barrett’s oesophagus is a pre-malignant condition of which of the following part of GIT?
  1. ক
    ক) Stomach
  2. খ
    খ) Oesophagus
  3. গ
    গ) Colon
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Dueodenum
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Barrett’s oesophagus is a pre-malignant condition, in which the normal squamous lining of the lower oesophagus is replaced by columnar mucosa
২১.
Which of the following is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in young adult?
  1. ক
    ক) minimal change disease
  2. খ
    খ) Diabetic nephropathy
  3. গ
    গ) Primary Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Membranous nephropathy
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Membranous nephropathy-Middle-aged to older patient, minimal change disease- Children, Primary Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis -Young adults
২২.
Which of the following is the mechanism of developing nephritic syndrome?
  1. ক
    ক) Injury to podocytes
  2. খ
    খ) Inflammation
  3. গ
    গ) Scarring
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Deposition of matrix
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: mechanism of developing nephritic syndrome are: Inflammation, Reactive cell proliferation, Breaks in GBM, Crescent formation
২৩.
Indication of renal replacement therapy -
  1. ক
    K+ level <2.5 mmol/L
  2. খ
    S. creatinine - >1.5 mg/dl
  3. গ
    Metabolic alkalosis
  4. ঘ
    Pulmonary oedema
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Indications of renal replacement therapy -
K+ level >6 mmol/L
Fluid overload
Pulmonary oedema
S.creatinine >6.8 mg/dl
Plasma urea level >30 mmol/L
Metabolic acidosis
২৪.
Which of the following is the microscopic finding of gastric adenocarcinoma?
  1. ক
    ক) Columnar metaplasia
  2. খ
    খ) Histiocytic infiltration
  3. গ
    গ) Giant cell granulomas
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Signet ring cells
২৫.
Site of damage in blackwater fever
  1. ক
    ক) Brain
  2. খ
    খ) Liver
  3. গ
    গ) Kidney
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Spleen
ব্যাখ্যা
Untreated malaria caused by P. falciparum is potentially life-threatening as a result of extensive brain (cerebral malaria) and kidney (blackwater fever) damage.
২৬.
Interstitial disease of kidney -
  1. ক
    ক) Pyelonephritis
  2. খ
    খ) Glomerulonephritis
  3. গ
    গ) Nephrotic syndrome
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Polycystic kidney disease
ব্যাখ্যা
Pyelonephritis is interstitial disease of kidney
২৭.
Criteria of non cardiac chest pain -
  1. ক
    Central diffuse pain
  2. খ
    Radiation to jaw,neck
  3. গ
    Tight, squeezing
  4. ঘ
    Not relived by rest
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Criteria of non cardiac chest pain :
Peripheral localized
No radiation
Sharp, stabbing,catching
Spontaneous 
Not relieved by rest
২৮.
Common causes of atrial fibrillation except -
  1. ক
    Mitral stenosis
  2. খ
    Hypertension
  3. গ
    IHD
  4. ঘ
    Cardiomyopathy
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Common causes of AF -
Mitral stenosis 
Hypertension 
Thyrotoxicosis
IHD
Idiopathic / lone AF
২৯.
Neoplastic polyp of gastrointestinal tract-
  1. ক
    ক) Hyperplastic polyp
  2. খ
    খ) hematomas polyp
  3. গ
    গ) tubular adenomas
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) inflammatory polyp
ব্যাখ্যা
Others are not Neoplastic
৩০.
Which of the following is the most common type of gastric malignancy?
  1. ক
    ক) Adenocarcinoma
  2. খ
    খ) Squamous
  3. গ
    গ) Transitional
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Anaplastic
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the stomach, comprising more than 90% of all gastric cancers
৩১.
Which of the following is the most common inflammatory arthritis in men?
  1. ক
    ক) Osteoarthritis
  2. খ
    খ) Gout
  3. গ
    গ) RA
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) ankylosing spondylitis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis in men and in older women. It is caused by deposition of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals in and around synovial joints.
৩২.
Most common cause of cirrhosis of liver -
  1. ক
    ক) Postnecrotic
  2. খ
    খ) Biliary
  3. গ
    গ) Alcoholic
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cryptogenic
ব্যাখ্যা
Post necrotic following hepatitis is most common cause of cirrhosis of liver
৩৩.
Which lung cancer is common in women?
  1. ক
    ক) Adenocarcinoma
  2. খ
    খ) Squamous cell carcinoma
  3. গ
    গ) Small cell carcinoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Large cell carcinoma
ব্যাখ্যা
Smoking is the most important risk factor for lung cancer; in women and nonsmokers, adenocarcinomas are the most common cancers.
৩৪.
Prerenal cause of of acute renal failure-
  1. ক
    ক) renal artery stenosis
  2. খ
    খ) primary glomerular disease
  3. গ
    গ) acute tubular necrosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) interstitial disease
ব্যাখ্যা
RAS is a pre renal cause of acute renal failure
৩৫.
Right-to-left shunts occur in which of the following?
  1. ক
    ক) ASD
  2. খ
    খ) VSD
  3. গ
    গ) PDA.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Eisenmenger syndrome
ব্যাখ্যা
No explanation added.
৩৬.
Haemolytic jaundice is characterized by -
  1. ক
    Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
  2. খ
    Raised ALP
  3. গ
    High rise of ALT
  4. ঘ
    Increased urobilinogen
৩৭.
Drug induced hepatitis is caused by except -
  1. ক
    INH
  2. খ
    Ethambutol
  3. গ
    Rifampicin
  4. ঘ
    Pyrazinamide
ব্যাখ্যা
Drug causing hepatitis -
Isoniazide
Rifampicin
NSAID
Co-amoxiclav
Chrorpromazine
Statins
৩৮.
Pathological cause of palpitation -
  1. ক
    Anxiety
  2. খ
    Emotion
  3. গ
    Atrial fibrillation
  4. ঘ
    Excitement
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Payhological cause of palpitation :
Atrial fibrillation
SVT
Ventricular extrasystole
Atrial extrasyatole
Dropped beats
Thyrotoxicosis
৩৯.
Type 2 respiratory failure is clinically present as -
  1. ক
    Hypoxia
  2. খ
    Hypoxia and hypercapnia
  3. গ
    Foreign body
  4. ঘ
    Pulmonary fibrosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Clinical features of type 2 respiratory failure :
Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
Airway obsteuction
Cor pulmonale
Signs of precipitating factors
৪০.
Most common cause of of renal cell carcinoma-
  1. ক
    ক) non papillary carcinoma
  2. খ
    খ) papillary carcinoma
  3. গ
    গ) chromophobe type carcinoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Urothelial carcinoma
ব্যাখ্যা
Non papillary carcinoma is most common cause of RCC
৪১.
Morphological pictures of peptic ulcer-
  1. ক
    ক) Superficial thin layer of granulation tissue
  2. খ
    খ) base of inflammatory tissue
  3. গ
    গ) Superficial layer of necrotic debris
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Erosion of mucosal surface
ব্যাখ্যা
Superficial layer of necrotic debris is morphological pictures of peptic ulcer
৪২.
Most common site of pancreatic cancer
  1. ক
    ক) head
  2. খ
    খ) Body
  3. গ
    গ) Tail
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) entire gland
ব্যাখ্যা
No explanation added.
৪৩.
Gastric ulcer most commonly occurs in which of the following site?
  1. ক
    ক) Body of stomach
  2. খ
    খ) Greater Curvature
  3. গ
    গ) Lesser curvature
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Funus of Stomach
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: 90% of gastric ulcers are situated on the lesser curve within the antrum or at the junction between body and antral mucosa
৪৪.
Diet does not reduce risk for colorectal carcinoma -
  1. ক
    Red meat
  2. খ
    Calcium
  3. গ
    Folic acid
  4. ঘ
    Omega 3 fatty acid
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Diatary factors reduce risk for colorectal carcinoma -
Folic acid
Fibers
Calcium
Omega 3 fatty acid
৪৫.
Which is bone resorbing cell -
  1. ক
    Osteoblast
  2. খ
    Osteocyte
  3. গ
    Osteoclasts
  4. ঘ
    Glycoaaminoglycans
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Bone cell -
Osteoblast : Bone forming cell
Osteocyte - Control calcium and phosphate level in bone
Osteoclast - Bone resorbing cell.
৪৬.
Most effective cardiac biomarker in acute MI -
  1. ক
    Troponin I
  2. খ
    Troponin T
  3. গ
    LDH
  4. ঘ
    Creatine kinase
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Most effective cardiac biomarker in acute MI is serum trophonin I, which rise in 4-6 hours, peak at 12 hours and fall after 48-72 hours.
৪৭.
Which is not the cause of bronchiectasis -
  1. ক
    Congenital cystic fibrosis
  2. খ
    Infections
  3. গ
    Bronchial obstruction
  4. ঘ
    Long standing asthma
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Causes of bronchiactasis :
Congenital or hereditary conditions
Infections
Bronchial obstruction
Rheumatoid arthritis,SLE,Inflammatory bowel disease,COPD,Post transplantation
৪৮.
The inflammatory cell in both acute & chronic viral hepatitis mainly
  1. ক
    ক) B cell
  2. খ
    খ) T cell
  3. গ
    গ) NK cell
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) APC
৪৯.
Crohn's disease causes-
  1. ক
    ক) Diffuse continuous ulcer
  2. খ
    খ) Superficial ulcer
  3. গ
    গ) Deep & linear ulcer
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Submucosal ulcer
ব্যাখ্যা
Crohn’s disease causes deep & linear ulcer
৫০.
Which is not glomerular syndrome -
  1. ক
    Nephritic syndrome
  2. খ
    Nephrotic syndrome
  3. গ
    Chronic renal failure
  4. ঘ
    IgA nephropathy
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Glomerular syndrome :
Nephritic syndrome
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 
Nephrotic syndrome 
Chronic renal failure
Isolated urinary abnormalities
৫১.
H.pylori associated gastritis -
  1. ক
    Location : Gastric body
  2. খ
    Gastrin secretion increased
  3. গ
    Sequelae is pernicious anaemia
  4. ঘ
    Acid production increased to slightly decreased
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
H.pylori associated gastritis -
Inflammatory infiltrate - Neutrophil, plasma cell
Location - Antrum
Acid production - Increased to slightly decreased 
Gastrin - Normal to drcreased
Sequelae - Peptic ulcer,Adenocarcinoma,MALToma
৫২.
Causes of chronic type-2 respiratory failure excludes
  1. ক
    ক) COPD
  2. খ
    খ) Sleep apnoea
  3. গ
    গ) Lobar collapse
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Myopathies
ব্যাখ্যা
Type-1 respiratory failure occurs in lobar collapse
৫৩.
Degenerative disease affecting cerebral cortex-
  1. ক
    ক) Parkinson's disease
  2. খ
    খ) progressive supranuclear palsy
  3. গ
    গ) Alzheimer's disease
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) corticobasal degeneration
ব্যাখ্যা
Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative disease affecting cerebral cortex
৫৪.
Disease that allows “selective” loss of albumin is?
  1. ক
    ক) Diabetes
  2. খ
    খ) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
  3. গ
    গ) Minimal change disease
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hypertension
ব্যাখ্যা
“Selective” loss of albumin is seen in minimal change disease. Diabetes & FSGS lead to “nonselective” loss of all plasma proteins. Hypertension, CRF cause increased tubular protein loss.
৫৫.
Signs of consolidation -
  1. ক
    Excessive chest expansion
  2. খ
    Purcussion note : Hyperresonant
  3. গ
    Bronchial breadth sound
  4. ঘ
    Decreased vocal resonance
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Signs of consolidation -
Inspection - Increased respiratory rate
Palpation- Reduced chest expansion,increased vocal fremitus
Percussion - Dull over affected area
Auscultation - Bronchial bredth sound,Increased vocal resonance 
৫৬.
Most common type of joint disease
  1. ক
    ক) Osteoporosis
  2. খ
    খ) Osteoarthritis
  3. গ
    গ) Osteomalacia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Osteonecrosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Osteoarthritis, also called degenerative joint disease, is characterized by degeneration of cartilage that results in structural and functional failure of synovial joints. It is the most common type of joint disease.
৫৭.
Which of the following is called “cardiac asthma”?
  1. ক
    ক) Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND)
  2. খ
    খ) Orthopnea
  3. গ
    গ) Platypnea
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Trepopnea
ব্যাখ্যা
PND is also called cardiac asthma. During night, with recumbency, total blood volume is increased due to fluid mobilization from edematous areas leading to pulmonary congestion.
৫৮.
Most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in children-
  1. ক
    ক) minimal change disease
  2. খ
    খ) membranous glomerulopathy
  3. গ
    গ) iga nephropathy
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Minimal change disease is most frequent cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
৫৯.
Hypertensive heart disease is usually affecting which of the following heart chamber?
  1. ক
    ক) Right atrium
  2. খ
    খ) Right ventricle
  3. গ
    গ) Left atrium
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Left ventricle
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Hypertensive heart disease can affect either the left ventricle or the right ventricle; the latter is called cor pulmonale
৬০.
Clinical features of Achalasia excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Dysphagia for solids and liquids
  2. খ
    খ) Low LES pressure on esophageal Manometry
  3. গ
    গ) 'Bird-beak' sign on barium swallow study
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Increased risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
ব্যাখ্যা

Clinical features of Achalasia:
• Dysphagia for solids and liquids
• Putrid breath
• High LES pressure on esophageal manometry
• 'Bird-beak' sign on barium swallow study
• Increased risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

৬১.
Which type of emphysema is seen in α1-antitrypsin deficiency
  1. ক
    ক) Centriacinar
  2. খ
    খ) Panacinar
  3. গ
    গ) Distal acinar
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Irregular
ব্যাখ্যা

 Emphysema is a chronic obstructive airway disease characterized by permanent enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles.
 It is a component of along with chronic bronchitis.
 Subtypes include centriacinar (most common, smoking related), panacinar (seen in α1-antitrypsin deficiency), distal acinar and irregular.

৬২.
Extrapyramidal lesion is menifested by -
  1. ক
    Fine tremor
  2. খ
    Chorioathetosis
  3. গ
    Pendular jerk
  4. ঘ
    Clasp like rigidity
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Features of extrapyramidal lesion -
Corea
Athetosis
Hemibellismus
Bradykinesia
৬৩.
Which is not the cause of portal hypertension -
  1. ক
    Cirrhosis
  2. খ
    Obstructive thrombosis of portal veins
  3. গ
    Massive fatty change
  4. ঘ
    Left heart failure
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Causes of portal hypertension :
Obstructive thtombosis of portal vein
Cirrhosis
Nodular hyperplasia of liver
Massive fatty change
Diffuse granulomatous disease
Right sided heart failure
৬৪.
Which of the following causes radio-opaque renal stone?
  1. ক
    ক) oxalate stone
  2. খ
    খ) phosphate stone
  3. গ
    গ) xanthine stone
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Uric acid stone
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Uric acid stone is radio opaque
৬৫.
Pneumothorax is characterized by -
  1. ক
    Bronchial breath sound
  2. খ
    Reduced breath sound
  3. গ
    Hyper - resonant breath sound
  4. ঘ
    Ronchi
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Pneumothorax -
Inspection - Restricted chest movement
Palpation - Trachea and apex beat shifted to opposite side
Percussion - Resonant percussion note
Auscultation - 
Breath sound absent
No added sound
৬৬.
Common carcinoma occurs in gall bladder-
  1. ক
    ক) Adenocarcinoma
  2. খ
    খ) Small cell carcinoma
  3. গ
    গ) Transitional cell carcinoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) squamous cell carcinoma
ব্যাখ্যা
Adenocarcinoma is common carcinoma of gallbladder
৬৭.
Most common differential diagnosis of acute upper abdominal pain -
  1. ক
    Peptic ulcer disease
  2. খ
    Acute pancreatitis
  3. গ
    Acute cholecystitis
  4. ঘ
    Acute anterior MI
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Common D/D in acute upper abdominal pain :
Peptic ulcer disease ( most common)
Acute pancreatitis 
Acute cholecystitis 
Acute inferior MI
Diabetic ketoacidosis . 
৬৮.
Most gastric adenocarcinoma involves
  1. ক
    ক) Antrum
  2. খ
    খ) Cardia
  3. গ
    গ) Pylorus
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Body
ব্যাখ্যা
• Most gastric adenocarcinomas involve the gastric antrum; the lesser curvature is involved more often than the greater curvature.
৬৯.
Which is not emergency condition -
  1. ক
    DKA
  2. খ
    Tension pneumothorax
  3. গ
    Chronic bronchitis
  4. ঘ
    Acute severe asthma
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Respiratory emergency -
Tension pneumothorax
Acute severe bronchial asthma
Acutr exacervation of COPD

Endocrine emergency :
DKA
Hypoglycemia
Thyrotoxic coma
৭০.
Radio-opaque renal stone-
  1. ক
    ক) Uric acid stone
  2. খ
    খ) oxalate stone
  3. গ
    গ) phosphate stone
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) xanthine stone
ব্যাখ্যা
Uric acid stone is radio opaque
৭১.
Acute type-1 respiratory failure occurs in which of the following condition?
  1. ক
    ক) Pneumonia
  2. খ
    খ) COPD
  3. গ
    গ) Lung fibrosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Right-to-left shunts
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Acute type-1 respiratory failure occurs in pneumonia, chronic type-1 respiratory failure occurs in COPD, lung fibrosis, rt to left shunt.
৭২.
Which tremor is found in hepatic failure -
  1. ক
    Fine tremor
  2. খ
    Flapping tremor
  3. গ
    Intention tremor
  4. ঘ
    Resting tremor
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Flapping tremor in -
Renal failure
Liver failure
Respiratory failure.
৭৩.
Feature of nutmeg liver -
  1. ক
    Centrilobular necrosis
  2. খ
    Fatty change in liver
  3. গ
    Distended central vein
  4. ঘ
    Red colour liver
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
In chronic passive hepatic congestion-
The centrilobular regions are grossly redbrown and slightly depressed (because of cell death) and are accentuated against the surrounding zones of uncongested tan liver (nutmeg liver). 
Microscopically, there is centrilobular congestion and hemorrhage, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and variable degrees of hepatocyte dropout and necrosis.
৭৪.
Bronchiectasis usually affects which of the following area of the lung?
  1. ক
    ক) Left Upper lobe
  2. খ
    খ) Right middle lobe
  3. গ
    গ) Left lower lobe
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Right & left lower lobe
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Bronchiectasis usually affects the lower lobes bilaterally
৭৫.
Anuria is called when less than which amount of urine is passed per day?
  1. ক
    ক) No urine/24 hours
  2. খ
    খ) 50 ml
  3. গ
    গ) 100 ml
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 500 ml
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: anuria is deemed to exist when less than 100 mL of urine is passed per day.
৭৬.
Which of the following are the key inflammatory cells in B. asthma?
  1. ক
    ক) Neutrophils
  2. খ
    খ) Lymphocyte
  3. গ
    গ) Eosinophils
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Basophils
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Eosinophils are key inflammatory cells found in almost all subtypes of asthma
৭৭.
Pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome -
  1. ক
    Derangement in glomerular capillary walls
  2. খ
    Defect in renal tubules
  3. গ
    Chronic persistant nephropathy
  4. ঘ
    Prolonged pressure in renal tract
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome -
Caused by a derangement in glomerular capillary walls resulting in increased permeability to plasma proteins
৭৮.
Sign of portal hypertension -
  1. ক
    Splenomegaly
  2. খ
    Testicular atrophy
  3. গ
    Hepatic coma
  4. ঘ
    Polyuria
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Signs of portal hypertension -
Ascites
Yellowing of the skin
Easy bruising 
Enlarged spleen
Varices
Arterial hypotension
Caput medusae
Edema of the legs
৭৯.
Most common joint involved in osteoarthritis -
  1. ক
    Knee
  2. খ
    Lower lumber
  3. গ
    Cervical vertebra
  4. ঘ
    Proximal and distal interphalengeal joint
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Joint involvement in order in osteoarthritis -
Knee joint > Lower lumber joint > Cervical vertebra > Proximal and distal interpharengeal joint
৮০.
Which is not signs of cushing syndrome -
  1. ক
    Moon face
  2. খ
    Buffalo hump
  3. গ
    Enopthalmos
  4. ঘ
    Hypertension
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Common symptoms of Cushing syndrome -
Weight gain in the trunk, with thin arms and legs.
Weight gain in the face. ...
A fatty lump between the shoulders. ...
Pink or purple stretch marks on the stomach, hips, thighs, breasts and underarms.
Thin, frail skin that bruises easily.
Slow wound healing.
Acne.

Signs -
Moon face
Thinning of hair,hirsuitism
Mild exopthalmos
HTN
Buffalo hump
Pendulous abdomen
৮১.
Bronchiectasis usually affects
  1. ক
    ক) Upper lobe unilaterally
  2. খ
    খ) Upper lobe bilaterally
  3. গ
    গ) Lower lobe bilaterally
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Lower lobe unilaterally
ব্যাখ্যা
• Bronchiectasis is a disorder in which destruction of smooth muscle and elastic tissue by chronic necrotizing infections leads to permanent dilation of bronchi and bronchioles
• Bronchiectasis usually affects the lower lobes bilaterally
• The airways are dilated, sometimes up to four times normal size.
৮২.
Electrolyte imbalance in AGN-
  1. ক
    ক) Hypernatraemia
  2. খ
    খ) Metabolic alkalosis
  3. গ
    গ) Hypokalaemia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Metabolic acidosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Metabolic acidosis occurs in AGN
৮৩.
Rheumatic heart disease most commonly affects
  1. ক
    ক) Mitral valve
  2. খ
    খ) Tricuspid valve
  3. গ
    গ) Aortic valve
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pulmonary valve
ব্যাখ্যা
It most commonly affects the mitral valve and is responsible for 99% of acquired mitral stenosis
৮৪.
Causes of malena -
  1. ক
    Ulcerative colitis
  2. খ
    Gastric erosion
  3. গ
    Crohns disease
  4. ঘ
    Salminella infection
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Gastric ulcer
Ruptures oesophageal varices
Carcinoma of stomach
Ruptured oesophageal varices
৮৫.
Most important risk factor for chronic bronchitis
  1. ক
    ক) Smoking
  2. খ
    খ) Genetic predisposition
  3. গ
    গ) Air pollutant
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Atopy
ব্যাখ্যা
Cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor; air pollutants also contribute.
৮৬.
Signs of hyperthyroidism -
  1. ক
    Bradycardia
  2. খ
    Peripheral oedema
  3. গ
    Puffy face
  4. ঘ
    Tremor
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Signs of hyperthyroidism -
Exopthalmos
Lid retraction or lag
Tachycardia
Atrial fibrillation 
Tremor
HTN
Goiter
Warm,moist skin
Muscle weakness
Pretibial myxoedema
৮৭.
Causes of conjugated hyperbulirubinemia -
  1. ক
    Hemolytic anaemia
  2. খ
    Gilbert syndrome
  3. গ
    Physiologic jaundice
  4. ঘ
    Autoimmune cholangiopathies
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia -
Haemolytic anaemia
Ineffective erythropoiesis
Reduced hepatic uptake
Breast milk jaundice
Physiologic jaundice
Gilbert syndrome
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia -
Dublin johnson syndrome
Autoimmune cholangiopathies
৮৮.
Hyperacute liver failure time limit -
  1. ক
    7 days
  2. খ
    28 days
  3. গ
    3 months
  4. ঘ
    1 year
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Liver failure -
Hyperacute : <7  days
Acute : 8-28 days
Subacute : 29 days - 12 weeks.
৮৯.
Major neurodegenerative disorder -
  1. ক
    Acute polyneuropathy
  2. খ
    Alzheimer’s disease
  3. গ
    Encephalomyelitis
  4. ঘ
    Poliomyelitis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Major neurodegenerative disorder :
Alzheimer’s disese
Parkinson disese
Huntington disese
Spinocerebellar ataxia
৯০.
Insulin dependent diabetes malitus ( IDDM) -
  1. ক
    Age <40 years
  2. খ
    Obase
  3. গ
    No ketonuria
  4. ঘ
    Family history of DM
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
IDDM -
Age <40 years
Duration : Weeks
Body weight : Normal or low
Ketonuria, Hypoglycemia, complications : Present
Family history : Absent
Othet autoimmune disease : Present
৯১.
Most common complications of pneumonia -
  1. ক
    Bronchial asthma
  2. খ
    Para -pneumonic effusion
  3. গ
    Hepatitis
  4. ঘ
    Pulmonary embolism
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Complications of pneumonia-
Para- pneumonic effusion ( most common)
Empyema
Lung abscess
Lober collapse
Hepatitis,pericarditis
DVT
ARDS
Pneumothorax
৯২.
Which of the following is the most common GIT carcinoma?
  1. ক
    ক) Ca oesophagus
  2. খ
    খ) Ca rectum
  3. গ
    গ) Ca colon
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Ca stomach
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Adenocarcinoma of the colon is the most common malignancy of the GI tract and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide
৯৩.
AGN -
  1. ক
    History of previous pharyngitis
  2. খ
    Age :2-6 years
  3. গ
    Haematuria - Absent
  4. ঘ
    Massive proteinuria
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
AGN -
Age group : 6-12 years
Haematuria : Present
Hypertension : Present
Mild to moderate proteiniurea
৯৪.
Which of the following is the most common risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma?
  1. ক
    ক) HBV infection
  2. খ
    খ) HCV infection
  3. গ
    গ) Alcohol
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) NASH
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: HBV infection is the most common risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma.
৯৫.
Most frequent presentation of RPGN
  1. ক
    ক) Posts infectious Glomerulodisease
  2. খ
    খ) Goodpasture syndrome
  3. গ
    গ) Minimal change disease
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) IgA nephritis
৯৬.
Which hepatocellular adenoma has very high risk of malignant transformation
  1. ক
    ক) HNF1-alpha inactivated adenoma
  2. খ
    খ) Beta catenin activated adenoma
  3. গ
    গ) Inflammatory adenoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) None of them
৯৭.
Which is not the cause of sudden cardiac death -
  1. ক
    Mitral valve prolapse
  2. খ
    Pulmonary hypertension
  3. গ
    Myocarditis
  4. ঘ
    Corrected MS
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Causes of sudden cardiac death -
Heriditary or acquired abnormalities of the cardiac conduction system
Congenital coronary artery abnormalities
Mitral valve prolapse
Myocarditis or sarcoidosis
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary hypertension
Myocardial hypertrophy 
৯৮.
Most important risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma-
  1. ক
    ক) Achalasia cardia
  2. খ
    খ) Mallory Weiss tear
  3. গ
    গ) Barrett's oesophegus
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Oesophegeal fistula
ব্যাখ্যা
Barrett’s oesophagus is most important risk factor for oesophageal adenocarcinoma
৯৯.
Chronic bronchitis is defined as persistent productive cough for at least …consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years?
  1. ক
    ক) 1
  2. খ
    খ) 2
  3. গ
    গ) 3
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 4
ব্যাখ্যা
Chronic bronchitis is defined as persistent productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months in at least 2 consecutive years.
১০০.
Which is not the features of chronic liver disease -
  1. ক
    Loss of libido
  2. খ
    Spider telangiectecsia
  3. গ
    Ascities
  4. ঘ
    Cerebellar ataxia
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Clinical features of cirthosis of liver -
Jaundice
Ascitis
Hepatomegaly
Spider nevi
Gynaecomastia
Loss of libido