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স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য)

মোট প্রশ্ন৪,২৮৫এই পাতা১০০প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য)

PrepBank · পাতা ২৭ / ৪৩ · ২,৬০১–২,৭০০ / ৪,২৮৫

২,৬০১.
Can be measured by spirometry
  1. ক
    ক) Vital capacity
  2. খ
    খ) Residual volume
  3. গ
    গ) Functional residual volume
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Total lung capacity
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Vital capacity
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Vital capacity
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Volume, which cannot be measured by spirometry, is the residual volume. Capacities, which include residual volume also cannot be measured. Capacities that include residual volume are functional residual capacity and total lung capacity.
২,৬০২.
Most common URTI
  1. ক
    ক) Acute pharyngitis
  2. খ
    খ) Acute Coryza
  3. গ
    গ) Acute tonsilitis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Bronchiolitis
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Acute Coryza
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Acute Coryza
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd; P-581
২,৬০৩.
Central tendon of diaphragm is developed from
  1. ক
    ক) Pleuroperitonial membrane
  2. খ
    খ) Dorsal mesentery of oesophagus
  3. গ
    গ) Septum transversum
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Dorsal mesogastrium
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Septum transversum
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Septum transversum
গ
২,৬০৪.
Pathological causes of trachcardia is..
  1. ক
    ক) Exercise
  2. খ
    খ) Emotion
  3. গ
    গ) Fever
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pregnancy
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Fever
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Fever
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: see question no: 7
২,৬০৫.
Receptor organ in otoliths is known as -
  1. ক
    ক) Crista ampullaris
  2. খ
    খ) Ductus reuniens
  3. গ
    গ) Macula
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Planum semilunatum
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Macula
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Macula
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Receptor organ in semicircular canal is called crista ampullaris and that in otolith organ is called macula. These receptor organs contain the proprioceptors.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 921)
২,৬০৬.
Which hormone directly control cellular function?
  1. ক
    Insulin
  2. খ
    ADH
  3. গ
    PTH
  4. ঘ
    LH
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Insulin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Insulin
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Insulin & GH directly control cellular function
২,৬০৭.
Cause of Nonpitting Oedema
  1. ক
    ক) Myxoedema
  2. খ
    খ) CCF
  3. গ
    গ) Nephrotic syndrome
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hypoproteinaemia
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Myxoedema
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Myxoedema
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Option B,C, D Causes pitting oedema.
২,৬০৮.
Substance that increase salivary secretion
  1. ক
    ক) Histamine
  2. খ
    খ) Ergotamine
  3. গ
    গ) Atropine
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Chloroform
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Histamine
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Histamine
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

Substances which increase salivary secretion
• Sympathomimetic drugs like adrenaline and ephedrine.
• Parasympathomimetic drugs like acetylcholine, pilocarpine, muscarine and physostigmine.
• Histamine.

Substances which decrease salivary secretion
• Sympathetic depressants like ergotamine and dibenamine.
• Parasympathetic depressants like atropine and scopolamine.
• Anesthetics such as chloroform and ether stimulate the secretion of saliva. However, deep anesthesia decreases the secretion due to central inhibition.

২,৬০৯.
Painful inguinal Lymphadenopathy is a feature of
  1. ক
    LGV
  2. খ
    Primary syphilis
  3. গ
    Chancroid
  4. ঘ
    Herpes
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
LGV
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
LGV
ক
২,৬১০.
Acute type-1 respiratory failure occurs in which of the following condition?
  1. ক
    ক) Pneumonia
  2. খ
    খ) COPD
  3. গ
    গ) Lung fibrosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Right-to-left shunts
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Pneumonia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Pneumonia
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Acute type-1 respiratory failure occurs in pneumonia, chronic type-1 respiratory failure occurs in COPD, lung fibrosis, rt to left shunt.
২,৬১১.
CA-125 is a tumour marker for
  1. ক
    ক) Ca ovary
  2. খ
    খ) Ca breast
  3. গ
    গ) Ca pancreas
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Ca lung
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Ca ovary
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Ca ovary
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
CA-125 is a tumour marker for Ca ovary
২,৬১২.
Drugs to be avoided in early pregnancy?
  1. ক
    Artesunate
  2. খ
    Co-artemether
  3. গ
    mefloquine
  4. ঘ
    quinine plus clindamycin
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Artesunate
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Artesunate
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Mild falciparum malaria
Preferred therapy
• Co-artemether (CoArtem or Riamet); contains artemether and lumefantrine (4 tablets orally at 0, 8, 24, 36, 48 and 60 hrs)
Alternative therapy
• Quinine (600 mg of quinine salt 3 times daily orally for 5-7 days), together with or followed by doxycycline (200 mg once daily orally for 7 days)
Use clindamycin not doxycycline if the patient is a pregnant woman or young child
or
• Atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone, 4 tablets orally once daily for 3 days)
Pregnancy
• Co-artemether but avoid in early pregnancy
• If not using co-artemether, use quinine plus clindamycin (450 mg 3 times daily orally for 7 days)
Other regimens
• Artesunate (200 mg orally daily for 3 days) and mefloquine (1 g orally on day 2 and 500 mg orally on day 3)
২,৬১৩.
Breast implant infection is caused by following organism
  1. ক
    Staphylococcus aureus
  2. খ
    Coagulase-negative staphylococci Coliforms
  3. গ
    Pseudomonas spp.
  4. ঘ
    Anaerobes
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Staphylococcus aureus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Staphylococcus aureus
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Breast implant infection
Staphylococcus aureus
Coagulase-negative staphylococci
Peritoneal dialysis-related peritoniti
Staphylococcus aureus
Coagulase-negative staphylococci Coliforms
Pseudomonas spp.
২,৬১৪.
Benign tumor -
  1. ক
    Well differentiated to anaplastic
  2. খ
    Hyperchromatic nucleus
  3. গ
    No local invasion
  4. ঘ
    Not capsulated
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
No local invasion
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
No local invasion
গ
২,৬১৫.
Which of the following is not a biliary cause of cirrhosis?
  1. ক
    Primary sclerosing cholangitis
  2. খ
    Primary biliary cholangitis
  3. গ
    Secondary biliary cirrhosis
  4. ঘ
    Cystic fibrosis
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
ক
২,৬১৬.
Drug that precipitates gout-
  1. ক
    Thiazide diuretics
  2. খ
    Tricyclic antidepressants
  3. গ
    Isoniazid
  4. ঘ
    Rifampicin
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Thiazide diuretics
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Thiazide diuretics
ক
২,৬১৭.
Feature of Macleod’s syndrome
  1. ক
    ক) Unilateral emphysema
  2. খ
    খ) Bilateral emphysema
  3. গ
    গ) Acute bronchitis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Chronic bronchitis
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Unilateral emphysema
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Unilateral emphysema
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Practical Manual in Clinical Medicine by Professor ABM Abdullah; P-162
২,৬১৮.
Features of recovery period of cardiac syncope-
  1. ক
    Lightheadedness
  2. খ
    Flushing
  3. গ
    Prolonged delirium
  4. ঘ
    Headache
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Flushing
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Flushing
খ
২,৬১৯.
Non invasive test for H. Pylori?
  1. ক
    Microbiological culture
  2. খ
    Serology
  3. গ
    Histology
  4. ঘ
    Rapid urease test
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Serology
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Serology
খ
২,৬২০.
Complications of meningococcal sepsis
  1. ক
    Renal Failure
  2. খ
    Respiratory failure
  3. গ
    Liver Failure
  4. ঘ
    Heart Failure
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Renal Failure
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Renal Failure
ক
২,৬২১.
Criteria of malignant tumour excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Anaplasia
  2. খ
    খ) Erratic growth
  3. গ
    গ) Usually cohesive
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Frequent metastasis
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Usually cohesive
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Usually cohesive
গ
২,৬২২.
Intercalated disc is present in which type of muscle fiber?
  1. ক
    ক) Skeletal
  2. খ
    খ) Smooth
  3. গ
    গ) Cardiac
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) All of them
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Cardiac
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Cardiac
গ
২,৬২৩.
Diagnostic criteria of Bulimia nervosa
  1. ক
    Avoidance of high-calorie foods
  2. খ
    Self-induced vomiting
  3. গ
    Weight loss of at least 15% of total body weight
  4. ঘ
    Distortion of body image
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Self-induced vomiting
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Self-induced vomiting
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Bulimia nervosa
 Recurrent bouts of binge eating 
Lack of self-control over eating during binges 
Self-induced vomiting, purgation or dieting after binges 
Weight maintained within normal limits
২,৬২৪.
Normal RBCs exclude:
  1. ক
    Circular
  2. খ
    Bi-concave
  3. গ
    Nucleated
  4. ঘ
    Each RBC contains 29 pg of Hb
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Nucleated
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Nucleated
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Morphology of RBC
Circular, non- nucleated, biconcave disc
● Diameter  7.8 micrometer
● Thickness   2.5 micrometer at thickest point and 1 micrometer or less in the center
● Surface area 140micrometer2
● Volume    90-95 micrometer3 
● Each RBC contains 29 pg of Hb
২,৬২৫.
Which autoantibody is most specific for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and typically correlates with disease activity, especially renal involvement?
  1. ক
    Anti-Ro/SSA
  2. খ
    Anti-La/SSB
  3. গ
    Anti-Sm
  4. ঘ
    Anti-dsDNA
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Anti-dsDNA
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Anti-dsDNA
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Anti-dsDNA (double-stranded DNA) antibodies are highly specific for SLE (present in ~60-80% of patients) and their titers often fluctuate with disease activity, particularly in lupus nephritis. Anti-Sm antibodies are also highly specific but less sensitive. Anti-Ro/SSA and Anti-La/SSB are associated with SLE but also Sjogren's syndrome.
২,৬২৬.
Abdominal aorta begins at the level of
  1. ক
    ক) T11
  2. খ
    খ) T12
  3. গ
    গ) L4
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) L5
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) T12
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) T12
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
The abdominal aorta is a continuation of the thoracic aorta beginning at the level of the T12 vertebrae. It is approximately 13cm long and ends at the level of the L4 vertebra.
২,৬২৭.
Clinical feature of Giardiasis
  1. ক
    ক) Fever
  2. খ
    খ) Bloody diarrhoea
  3. গ
    গ) Abdominal pain
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Constipation
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Abdominal pain
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Abdominal pain
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: After incubation period, there is diarrhoea, abdominal pain, weakness, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. On examination, there may be abdominal distension and tenderness, Chronic diarrhea and malabsorption may occur, with bulky stools that float.
২,৬২৮.
Somatostain consists of ----------------- Amino Acids
  1. ক
    14
  2. খ
    41
  3. গ
    44
  4. ঘ
    10
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
14
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
14
ক
২,৬২৯.
A 65 years male came with anemia, weight loss, night sweats & painless lymphadenopathy. Which will be most probable diagnosis?
  1. ক
    ক) AML
  2. খ
    খ) ALL
  3. গ
    গ) CML
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) CLL
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) CLL
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) CLL
ঘ
২,৬৩০.
Upper left sternal border is the best side for hearing which heart sound
  1. ক
    S1
  2. খ
    S2
  3. গ
    S3
  4. ঘ
    S4
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
S2
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
S2
খ
২,৬৩১.
In a case of abdominal Tuberculosis, which area is most commonly affected?
  1. ক
    ক) Duodenum
  2. খ
    খ) Ccecum
  3. গ
    গ) Ileocaecal
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Colon
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Ileocaecal
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Ileocaecal
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: The area most commonly affected is the ileocaecal region
২,৬৩২.
Followings are Essential amino acid, excludes?
  1. ক
    ক) Tryptophan
  2. খ
    খ) Histidine
  3. গ
    গ) Serine
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Methionine
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Serine
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Serine
গ
২,৬৩৩.
Hypoglycemia mostly affects which system?
  1. ক
    Cardiovascular
  2. খ
    Respiratory
  3. গ
    GIT
  4. ঘ
    Nervous
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Nervous
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Nervous
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Glucose is the only fuel used by brain.
২,৬৩৪.
Which of the following is the commonest glial tumor?
  1. ক
    ক) Oligodendroglioma
  2. খ
    খ) Astrocytoma
  3. গ
    গ) Ependymoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Ganglioglioma
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Astrocytoma
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Astrocytoma
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Astrocytoma is commonest glial tumour
২,৬৩৫.
Which tremor is found in hepatic failure -
  1. ক
    Fine tremor
  2. খ
    Flapping tremor
  3. গ
    Intention tremor
  4. ঘ
    Resting tremor
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Flapping tremor
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Flapping tremor
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Flapping tremor in -
Renal failure
Liver failure
Respiratory failure.
২,৬৩৬.
Which nerve compression is more common in diabetes?
  1. ক
    ক) Median nerve
  2. খ
    খ) Radial nerve
  3. গ
    গ) Lateral popliteal nerve
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Ulnar nerve
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Median nerve
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Median nerve
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd, Page: 760
Explanation: Median nerve compression is more common in diabetes causing carpal tunnel syndrome.
২,৬৩৭.
Cardiac output is decreased to lowest limit in
  1. ক
    Beriberi
  2. খ
    Anaemia
  3. গ
    MI
  4. ঘ
    Cardiac shock
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Cardiac shock
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Cardiac shock
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
২,৬৩৮.
Most important modifiable risk factor of coronary artery disease(CAD)
  1. ক
    ক) Obesity
  2. খ
    খ) Smoking
  3. গ
    গ) HTN
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) DM
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Smoking
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Smoking
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Smoking remains most important modifiable risk factor in CAD
২,৬৩৯.
Time (in minute) for autoclaving
  1. ক
    ক) 5
  2. খ
    খ) 10
  3. গ
    গ) 15
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 30
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 15
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 15
গ
২,৬৪০.
Which is not a hypersrnsitivity reaction in Primary TB
  1. ক
    Phlyctenular conjunctivitis
  2. খ
    Erythema nodosum
  3. গ
    Dactylitis
  4. ঘ
    Obstructive emphysema
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Obstructive emphysema
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Obstructive emphysema
ঘ
২,৬৪১.
Biochemical changes occur following prolonged vomiting are-?
  1. ক
    ক) Metabolic acidosis
  2. খ
    খ) Hypernatremia
  3. গ
    গ) Hypokalemia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Hypoalbuminemia
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Hypokalemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Hypokalemia
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Metabolic effects of prolonged vomiting are-
-Metabolic alkalosis
-Hypovolemia leading to lactic acidosis
-Hypokalemia
-Hypochloremia
-Paradoxical aciduria
-Compensatory hypoventilation

২,৬৪২.
The presence of leucocytes and nitrites in urine is indicative of which of the following?
  1. ক
    ক) Renal tubular acidosis
  2. খ
    খ) Renal tract infection
  3. গ
    গ) AGN
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) NS
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Renal tract infection
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Renal tract infection
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: The presence of leucocytes and nitrites in urine is indicative of renal tract infection
২,৬৪৩.
In which disease failure of thymic development occur ?
  1. ক
    ক) Common variable immune deficiency
  2. খ
    খ) Severe combined immune deficiency
  3. গ
    গ) Selective IgA deficiency
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) DiGeorge syndrome
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) DiGeorge syndrome
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) DiGeorge syndrome
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd , Page : 80 , Fig : 4.12
২,৬৪৪.
Fever with chill and rigor that subsides with sweating
  1. ক
    ক) Septicemia
  2. খ
    খ) Acute pyelonephritis
  3. গ
    গ) Subphrenic abscess
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Malaria
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Malaria
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Malaria
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা

• Fever with chill and rigor—acute pyelonephritis, acute cholangitis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, subphrenic abscess, pyogenic lung abscess, septicemia, lobar pneumonia, pyrogenic reaction after infusion or transfusion.
• Fever with chill and rigor that subsides with sweating—malaria.

২,৬৪৫.
Neuroglia is non-excitable cell of CNS. Which of the following neuroglia is originated from Bone marrow?
  1. ক
    ক) Ependymocytes
  2. খ
    খ) Astrocytes
  3. গ
    গ) Oligodendrocytes
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Microglia
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Microglia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Microglia
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Microglia usually inactive in normal CNS. It drives from blood monocyte.
২,৬৪৬.
Diarrhoea and weight loss in patients with a normal diet are likely to be caused by which of the following condition?
  1. ক
    ক) IBS
  2. খ
    খ) Small bowel
  3. গ
    গ) Malabsorption
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Large bowel malignancy
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Malabsorption
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Malabsorption
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Diarrhoea and weight loss in patients with a normal diet are likely to be caused by malabsorption.
২,৬৪৭.
Which volume remains in the lungs after a tidal volume (TV) is expired?
  1. ক
    ক) Vital capacity (VC)
  2. খ
    খ) Expiratory reserve volume (ERV).
  3. গ
    গ) Residual volume (RV)
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Functional residual capacity (FRC)
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Functional residual capacity (FRC)
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Functional residual capacity (FRC)
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
During normal breathing, the volume inspired and then expired is a tidal volume (TV). The volume remaining in the lungs after expiration of a TV is the functional residual capacity (FRC).
২,৬৪৮.
Parathyroid glands are derived from the epithelial lining of the---- pharyngeal pouches
  1. ক
    3rd
  2. খ
    4th
  3. গ
    1st
  4. ঘ
    3rd,4th
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
3rd,4th
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
3rd,4th
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Parathyroid glands are derived from the epithelial lining of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches, with the superior glands arising from the fourth pouch and the inferior glands arising from the higher third pouch.
২,৬৪৯.
Feature of nutmeg liver -
  1. ক
    Centrilobular necrosis
  2. খ
    Fatty change in liver
  3. গ
    Distended central vein
  4. ঘ
    Red colour liver
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Centrilobular necrosis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Centrilobular necrosis
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
In chronic passive hepatic congestion-
The centrilobular regions are grossly redbrown and slightly depressed (because of cell death) and are accentuated against the surrounding zones of uncongested tan liver (nutmeg liver). 
Microscopically, there is centrilobular congestion and hemorrhage, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and variable degrees of hepatocyte dropout and necrosis.
২,৬৫০.
Which one of the following is a sign of portal hypertension?
  1. ক
    Ascites
  2. খ
    Intoxication
  3. গ
    Spider naevi
  4. ঘ
    Splenomegaly
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Splenomegaly
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Splenomegaly
ঘ
২,৬৫১.
Rescue therapy in PUD excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Levofloxacin
  2. খ
    খ) PPI
  3. গ
    গ) Metronidazole
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Clarithromycin
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Metronidazole
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Metronidazole
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd; P-800
২,৬৫২.
Which of the following is a common cause of chronic pancreatitis?
  1. ক
    Gallstones
  2. খ
    Alcohol abuse
  3. গ
    Hypercalcemia
  4. ঘ
    Cystic fibrosis
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Alcohol abuse
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Alcohol abuse
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
:Chronic pancreatitis is most commonly caused by long-term alcohol abuse. Davidson explains that alcohol leads to repeated inflammation and fibrosis of the pancreas, resulting in exocrine and endocrine dysfunction. Harrison highlights that chronic pancreatitis presents with abdominal pain, malabsorption, and diabetes.
২,৬৫৩.
A 59-year-old woman is seen in the emergency department with a 2-day history of severe diarrhoea. She has had 10 loose stools today, the most recent of which have been bloody and associated with crampy abdominal pain. Her past medical history includes metastatic melanoma and she had her fourth cycle of ipilimumab and nivolumab therapy 20 days ago. At the time of her treatment she was constipated and the outpatient systemic anti-cancer therapy unit doctor prescribed her a macrogol laxative. She notes that the evening prior to the diarrhoea starting she had reheated some leftover rice for her supper. What is the most important likely diagnosis?
  1. ক
    Immunotherapy-related colitis
  2. খ
    Bacillus cereus-associated food poisoning
  3. গ
    Overflow diarrhoea
  4. ঘ
    Laxative overuse
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Immunotherapy-related colitis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Immunotherapy-related colitis
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Immune-related adverse events should be considered in all patients who present acutely unwell following immunotherapy treatments for cancer. Although the other options are on the differential diagnosis list, severe IRAEs are oncological emergencies, and prompt recognition and management are vital. This is a grade 3 colitis and should be treated with IV methylprednisolone in the first instance. Investigations such as bloods, stool samples, radiological imaging and flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy are also appropriate.
২,৬৫৪.
Which of the following is an essential amino acid?
  1. ক
    ক) Methionine
  2. খ
    খ) Serine
  3. গ
    গ) Glutamate
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Choline
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Methionine
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Methionine
ক
২,৬৫৫.
Raw materials for Hb synthesis excludes:
  1. ক
    Succinyl coA
  2. খ
    Glycine
  3. গ
    Fe+++
  4. ঘ
    Polypeptide
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Fe+++
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Fe+++
গ
২,৬৫৬.
Cartilaginous joint
  1. ক
    ক) Gomphosis
  2. খ
    খ) Suture
  3. গ
    গ) Synchondrosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Synovial
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Synchondrosis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Synchondrosis
গ
২,৬৫৭.
The Golgi complex-
  1. ক
    ক) is an organelle that participates in the breakdown of proteins and lipids.
  2. খ
    খ) is an organelle that participates in posttranslational processing of proteins.
  3. গ
    গ) is an organelle that participates in energy production.
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) is an organelle that participates in transcription and translation.
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) is an organelle that participates in posttranslational processing of proteins.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) is an organelle that participates in posttranslational processing of proteins.
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Golgi complex is a membrane bound organelle which helps in post translational modification of protein.
২,৬৫৮.
Which of the following is the most common type of anaemia worldwide?
  1. ক
    ক) B12 deficiency anaemia
  2. খ
    খ) Haemolytic anaemia
  3. গ
    গ) Sideroblastic anaemia
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Iron deficiency anaemia
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Iron deficiency anaemia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Iron deficiency anaemia
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common type of anaemia worldwide.
২,৬৫৯.
Parameter that is monitored weekly in patients receiving parenteral nutrition in hospital?
  1. ক
    Electrolytes
  2. খ
    Liver function test
  3. গ
    Cholesterol
  4. ঘ
    C-reactive protein
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Cholesterol
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Cholesterol
গ
২,৬৬০.
Chronic carrier state of typhoid fever lies in
  1. ক
    ক) Appendix
  2. খ
    খ) Gallbladder
  3. গ
    গ) Liver
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Spleen
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Gallbladder
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Gallbladder
খ
২,৬৬১.
Calculate colour Index when Hb 53.3, RBC 80
  1. ক
    0.67
  2. খ
    0.56
  3. গ
    0.70
  4. ঘ
    0.5
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
0.67
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
0.67
ক
ব্যাখ্যা

২,৬৬২.
ACE inhibitor causes which of the following?
  1. ক
    ক) Cold peripheries
  2. খ
    খ) Bradycardia
  3. গ
    গ) Renal impairment
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Diarrhoea
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Renal impairment
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Renal impairment
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Main side effects of ACE inhibitors are: Renal impairment and Hyperkalemia
২,৬৬৩.
Which of the following not favour RCT
  1. ক
    Apo B
  2. খ
    HL
  3. গ
    CETP
  4. ঘ
    LCAT
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Apo B
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Apo B
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Factor favour RCT
1. HDL receptors on peripheral tissue /hepatocytes
2. Apo A
3. LCAT
4. CETP
5. HL

ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 221
২,৬৬৪.
Which one is a rich source of vitamin C?
  1. ক
    ক) Citrus fruit
  2. খ
    খ) Fresh fruit
  3. গ
    গ) fresh and frozen vegetables
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Liver
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Citrus fruit
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Citrus fruit
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Davidson 23rd, Box-19.28
২,৬৬৫.
Anti-RNA polymerase antibody is associated with-
  1. ক
    Sjögren syndrome
  2. খ
    Mixed connective tissue disease
  3. গ
    Diffuse systemic sclerosis
  4. ঘ
    SLE
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Diffuse systemic sclerosis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Diffuse systemic sclerosis
গ
২,৬৬৬.
Symptoms of asthma worsens in the
  1. ক
    ক) Early morning
  2. খ
    খ) Mid day
  3. গ
    গ) Evening
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Early night
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Early morning
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Early morning
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd; P-568
২,৬৬৭.
Interfere with intestinal T4 absorption occur in following drug
  1. ক
    sertraline
  2. খ
    carbamazepine
  3. গ
    sucralfate
  4. ঘ
    phenobarbital
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
sucralfate
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
sucralfate
গ
২,৬৬৮.
Foregut is supplied by
  1. ক
    ক) Portal vein
  2. খ
    খ) Celiac trunk
  3. গ
    গ) Superior mesenteric artery
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Inferior mesenteric artery
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Celiac trunk
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Celiac trunk
খ
২,৬৬৯.
Which forms a conduction barrier between atria & ventricle?
  1. ক
    ক) Bundle of His
  2. খ
    খ) Annulus fibrosus
  3. গ
    গ) Purkinje fiber
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Papillary muscle
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Annulus fibrosus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Annulus fibrosus
খ
২,৬৭০.
Microorganism which is the normal flora of vagina causes meningitis in newborn -
  1. ক
    Candida albicans
  2. খ
    E.coli
  3. গ
    Diplococcus
  4. ঘ
    Lactobacillus
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
E.coli
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
E.coli
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Streptococcus agalactiae or group B streptococcus (GBS), E.coli is 
well-known and common pathogenic agent of neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by the colonization of the maternal birth canal.
২,৬৭১.
Hypertonic Hypervolemia occur in
  1. ক
    CLD
  2. খ
    NS
  3. গ
    Conn's Syndrome
  4. ঘ
    CCF
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Conn's Syndrome
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Conn's Syndrome
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P:310
২,৬৭২.
Example of fat soluble vitamin-
  1. ক
    Thiamin
  2. খ
    Pyridoxine
  3. গ
    Tocopherol
  4. ঘ
    Cobalamin
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Tocopherol
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Tocopherol
গ
২,৬৭৩.
Which is not true regarding the right ventricle?
  1. ক
    has moderator band
  2. খ
    crescentic in cross section
  3. গ
    forms majority of the sternocostal surface
  4. ঘ
    has two papillary muscles
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
has two papillary muscles
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
has two papillary muscles
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা


[Ref. BD Chaurasia Vol.1] 
২,৬৭৪.
A man is convinced his headache is a brain tumor despite normal MRI. He checks his symptoms online daily. What is the most likely diagnosis?
  1. ক
    Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)
  2. খ
    Somatic symptom disorder
  3. গ
    Conversion disorder
  4. ঘ
    Factitious disorder
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis)
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Illness anxiety disorder = preoccupation with having a serious illness despite reassurance. Somatic symptom disorder involves actual physical symptoms.
04:59
 
 
২,৬৭৫.
Which is imprinting disorder -
  1. ক
    Prader willi syndrome
  2. খ
    Friedrich ataxia
  3. গ
    Niemann pick disease
  4. ঘ
    Huntington disese
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Prader willi syndrome
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Prader willi syndrome
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Imprinting disorders -
Beckwith wiedermann syndrome
Prader willi syndrome 
Anglemann syndrome
২,৬৭৬.
Fresh frozen plasma is indicated in which of the follwoing condition?
  1. ক
    ক) Severe anaemia
  2. খ
    খ) Thrombocytopenia
  3. গ
    গ) Replace acute blood loss
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Replacement of coagulation factor deficiency
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Replacement of coagulation factor deficiency
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Replacement of coagulation factor deficiency
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd, Box-23.17
২,৬৭৭.
Which antihypertensive is contraindicated in pregnancy?
  1. ক
    ক) β-blockers
  2. খ
    খ) ACE inhibitors
  3. গ
    গ) Calcium channel blockers
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) All above
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) ACE inhibitors
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) ACE inhibitors
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd, Box-16.72
২,৬৭৮.
Nucleus of hypothalamus involved in controlling circadian rhythms
  1. ক
    ক) Supraoptic
  2. খ
    খ) Paraventricular
  3. গ
    গ) Preoptic
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Suprachiasmatic
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Suprachiasmatic
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Suprachiasmatic
ঘ
২,৬৭৯.
The obligate intracellular bacteria –
  1. ক
    ক) Rickettsia prowazekii
  2. খ
    খ) Legionella pneumophilia
  3. গ
    গ) Mycobacterium leprae
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Mycoplasma pneumoniae
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Rickettsia prowazekii
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Rickettsia prowazekii
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
The obligate intracellular bacteria Rickettsia prowazekii
২,৬৮০.
Definite cyanosis appears whenever the arterial blood contains more than …. grams of deoxygenated hemoglobin in each 100 ml of blood?
  1. ক
    ক) 3
  2. খ
    খ) 4
  3. গ
    গ) 5
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 7
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 5
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) 5
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation:
Definite cyanosis appears whenever the arterial blood contains more than 5 grams of deoxygenated hemoglobin in each 100 ml of blood. A person with anemia almost never becomes cyanotic. Conversely, in a person with Polycythaemia vera frequently has cyanosis, even under otherwise normal conditions.
২,৬৮১.
Russel sign is found in
  1. ক
    OCD
  2. খ
    BPD
  3. গ
    Bulimia nervosa
  4. ঘ
    Anorexia Nervosa
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Bulimia nervosa
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Bulimia nervosa
গ
২,৬৮২.
Which of the following cytokines shows antiviral activity?
  1. ক
    Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)
  2. খ
    Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
  3. গ
    Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)
  4. ঘ
    Interleukin-1 (IL-1)
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)
ক
২,৬৮৩.
GIT cause of cough
  1. ক
    ক) PUD
  2. খ
    খ) GERD
  3. গ
    গ) IBD
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) IBS
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) GERD
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) GERD
খ
২,৬৮৪.
Midgut derivatives excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Ileum
  2. খ
    খ) Appendix
  3. গ
    গ) Rectum
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cecum
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Rectum
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Rectum
গ
২,৬৮৫.
Cause of physiologic apoptosis -
  1. ক
    Cell delation in proliferating cell population
  2. খ
    Viral hepatitis
  3. গ
    Steatohepatitis
  4. ঘ
    Parotid duct apoptosis
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Cell delation in proliferating cell population
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
Cell delation in proliferating cell population
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
The removal of supernumerary cells (in excess of the required number) during development. 
• Involution of hormone-dependent tissues on hormone withdrawal, such as endometrial cell breakdown during the menstrual cycle, ovarian follicular atresia in menopause, and regression of the lactating breast after weaning.
• Cell turnover in proliferating cell populations, such as immature lymphocytes in the bone marrow and thymus, B lymphocytes in germinal centers that fail to express useful antigen receptors and epithelial cells in intestinal crypts, to maintain a constant cell number (homeostasis).
• Elimination of potentially harmful self-reactive lymphocytes to prevent immune reactions against one’s own tissues.
• Death of host cells that have served their useful purpose, such as neutrophils in an acute inflammatory response, and lymphocytes at the end of an immune response.
২,৬৮৬.
Which anti diabetic drugs have cardiovascular benefit?
  1. ক
    ক) Meglitinides
  2. খ
    খ) Alpha glucosidase inhibitor
  3. গ
    গ) SGLT2 Inhibitors
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) DPP4 inhibitors
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) SGLT2 Inhibitors
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) SGLT2 Inhibitors
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd, Page: 746 , Box : 20.26
২,৬৮৭.
Bradykinin is a mediator of
  1. ক
    ক) Tissue damage
  2. খ
    খ) Pain
  3. গ
    গ) Fever
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Chemotaxis
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Pain
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Pain
খ
২,৬৮৮.
Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Weight loss
  2. খ
    খ) Heat intolerance
  3. গ
    গ) Palpitation
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Menorrhagia
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Menorrhagia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Menorrhagia
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd; P-637
২,৬৮৯.
The inner mitochondrial membrane is a site for-
  1. ক
    β-oxidation of fatty acids
  2. খ
    Electron transport chain
  3. গ
    Ketogenesis
  4. ঘ
    Citric acid cycle
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Electron transport chain
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Electron transport chain
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Functions of mitochondria:
1. Production of ATP by aerobic respiration
2. Mitochondrial DNA takes part in RNA & protein synthesis
3. Role in cellular catabolism by apoptosis (programmed cell death)
4. Mitochondria contains enzymes that take part in-
   a. Respiratory chain or electron transport
   b. Oxidative phosphorylation
   c. Krebs/citric acid cycle
   d. β-oxidation of fatty acid
   e. Ketogenesis

Inner mitochondrial membrane shows long infoldings called cristae (for increasing surface area).
The lipid bilayer of the inner membrane contains unusual phospholipids and is highly impermeable to ions.
Inner mitochondrial membrane is a site for oxidative phosphorylation, respiratory (electron transport) chain, and ATP synthesis.

[Ref. Junquiera 15th, 39]
২,৬৯০.
Features of autosomal recessive disorders -
  1. ক
    Reduced penetrence
  2. খ
    Occurs in late life
  3. গ
    Disease expression is not uniform
  4. ঘ
    Both sexes are equally affected
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Both sexes are equally affected
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
Both sexes are equally affected
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
The expression of the defect tends to be more uniform than in autosomal dominant disorders.
• Complete penetrance is common.
• Onset is frequently early in life.
• Although new mutations associated with recessive disorders do occur, they are rarely detected clinically.
Since the individual with a new mutation is an asymptomatic heterozygote, several generations may pass before the descendants of such a person mate with other heterozygotes and produce affected offspring.
• Many of the mutated genes encode enzymes. Occurs due to defect in enzymes.
২,৬৯১.
Which one is a feature of chronic small bowel diarrhoea-
  1. ক
    Steatorrhoea
  2. খ
    Undigested food in stool
  3. গ
    Large volume, watery stool
  4. ঘ
    Blood and mucus in stool
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Large volume, watery stool
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Large volume, watery stool
গ
২,৬৯২.
When the zona pellucida are disappeared?
  1. ক
    ক) Allowing implantation to begin
  2. খ
    খ) Allowing implantation to end
  3. গ
    গ) Before blastocyst formation
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Duringmorula formation
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Allowing implantation to begin
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ক
ক) Allowing implantation to begin
ক
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Langman’s 13th; P-43
২,৬৯৩.
Features of veins excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Thicker tunica externa
  2. খ
    খ) Smaller lumen
  3. গ
    গ) Lower pressure
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Valves present
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Smaller lumen
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
খ) Smaller lumen
খ
২,৬৯৪.
What tissue is directly associated with and extends into the heart valves?
  1. ক
    ক) Myocardium
  2. খ
    খ) Epicardium
  3. গ
    গ) Atrioventricular bundle of His
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Cardiac skeleton
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Cardiac skeleton
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) Cardiac skeleton
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Junqueira’s Basic Histology; 14th Edition; Page-236
২,৬৯৫.
The inferior mesenteric vein is a usual tributary of-
  1. ক
    Portal vein
  2. খ
    Superior mesenteric vein
  3. গ
    Splenic vein
  4. ঘ
    Inferior vena cava
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Splenic vein
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
Splenic vein
গ
ব্যাখ্যা
The inferior mesenteric vein usually drains into the splenic vein. 

২,৬৯৬.
Stages of shock excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Non progressive
  2. খ
    খ) Progressive
  3. গ
    গ) Indefinite
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Irreversible
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Indefinite
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: গ
গ) Indefinite
গ
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Stages of shock
• A nonprogressive stage (sometimes called the compensated stage)
• A progressive stage
• An irreversible stage

২,৬৯৭.
Which event occur in skeletal muscle during prolonged fasting exclusively?
  1. ক
    Decreased use of ketone body to spare it for brain
  2. খ
    Use of fatty acid
  3. গ
    Decreased protein catabolism
  4. ঘ
    decreased urinary nitrogen loss
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Use of fatty acid
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Use of fatty acid
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
Events occurring in skeletal muscle  during prolonged fasting
➤ Decreased use of ketone body to spare it for brain.
➤ Use of fatty acid almost exclusively.
➤ Decreased protein catabolism with decreased urinary nitrogen loss.
Events occurring in brain
➤ Uptake and utilization of ketone bodies
২,৬৯৮.
Aortic opening of diaphragm at the level of-
  1. ক
    ক) T6
  2. খ
    খ) T8
  3. গ
    গ) T10
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) T12
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) T12
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) T12
ঘ
ব্যাখ্যা
Aortic opening of diaphragm at the level of T12
২,৬৯৯.
The second-order auditory pathway neurons are made up
  1. ক
    Bipolar cell
  2. খ
    Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
  3. গ
    LGB
  4. ঘ
    Superior Olivary Nuclei
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: খ
Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
খ
ব্যাখ্যা
The sequential steps are as follows:

1.The bipolar cells of the spiral ganglion, which are located in the cochlea’s modiolus, are the first-order neurons of the auditory pathway.
2. The second-order auditory pathway neurons are made up of neurons from the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei in the medulla oblongata.
3. Both the superior olivary nuclei and the lateral lemniscus nucleus comprise the third-order neurons.
4.The subcortical auditory centre is formed by the medial geniculate body, where the fibres of third-order neurons terminate.
5.The nerve fibres from the medial geniculate body travel as auditory radiation via the internal capsule to the temporal cortex.
6.In the midbrain, the inferior colliculus of the tectum receives some fibres from the medial geniculate body.
7.The reflex movements in response to auditory stimuli are mediated by the auditory radiation fibres.
8.The temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex houses the cortical auditory centres. The perception of auditory impulses, analysis of sound pitch and intensity, and identification of sound source are all concerns of the cortical auditory centres.
২,৭০০.
Oesophagus ends at
  1. ক
    ক) C6
  2. খ
    খ) T6
  3. গ
    গ) T10
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) T11
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) T11
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ
ঘ) T11
ঘ