১,২০১.
Which one is an organic mental disorder?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Organic mental disorders: Dementias, Delirium Other mental disorders due to brain damage or disease
PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন
স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য)
স্পেশাল বিসিএস (স্বাস্থ্য)
PrepBank · পাতা ১৩ / ৪৩ · ১,২০১–১,৩০০ / ৪,২৮৫
১,২০২.
Which is not an alarm feature of dyspepsia?
১,২০৩.
Pellagra occurs due to deficiency of which vitamin?
১,২০৪.
Regarding goblet cells-
ব্যাখ্যা
-Basal portion is thin
-Nucleus is present towards the base
-Is an unicellular exocrine gland
১,২০৫.
Which one is a feature of depression?
১,২০৬.
Which one of the following is the feature of right heart failure?
১,২০৭.
Pulses of aortic regurgitation includes
১,২০৮.
Bell's palsy associated with -
ব্যাখ্যা
Causes of Bell's palsy :
Idiopathic
Herpes zoster infection
Brainstem infraction
Tumor in the cerebello pontine angle
Acoustic neuroma
Parotid tumor
Fracture of petrous part of temporal bone
Idiopathic
Herpes zoster infection
Brainstem infraction
Tumor in the cerebello pontine angle
Acoustic neuroma
Parotid tumor
Fracture of petrous part of temporal bone
১,২০৯.
Normal position of uterus is:
ব্যাখ্যা
Normal position of uterus is Anteverted and anteflexed
১,২১০.
Characteristic of kala-azar
ব্যাখ্যা
In kala-azar
• Symptoms begin with intermittent fever, weakness, and weight loss.
• Massive enlargement of the spleen is characteristic.
• Hyperpigmentation of the skin is seen in light-skinned patients (kala-azar means black sickness).
১,২১১.
Vitamin D-
১,২১২.
Fish oil contain ___________ fatty acid
ব্যাখ্যা
Fish oil contain omega 3 fatty acid
১,২১৩.
Which is not compatible with PHP
১,২১৪.
The vertebral level where trachea begins
ব্যাখ্যা
The trachea is a tube composed of 16 to 20 U-shaped hyaline cartilages and the trachealis muscle. The trachea begins just inferior to the cricoid cartilage (C6 vertebral level) and ends at the sternal angle (T4 vertebral level), where it bifurcates into the right main bronchus and the left main bronchus. At the bifurcation of the trachea, the last tracheal cartilage forms the carina, which can be observed by bronchoscopy as a raised ridge of tissue in the sagittal plane.
১,২১৫.
Which type of tumour mainly follows heamtogenous spread?
ব্যাখ্যা
Dissemination of cancers may occur through one of three pathways:
• Direct seeding of body cavities or surfaces,
• Lymphatic spread- mainly carcinoma
• Hematogenous spread- mainly Sarcomas
১,২১৬.
Anaemia is caused by following parasite:
ব্যাখ্যা
duodenale causes microcytic anaemia
১,২১৭.
Fumerate is produced from
ব্যাখ্যা
Fumerate is produced from Phe, Tyr
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 182
ABC of Biochemistry 6th - P: 182
১,২১৮.
Which layer of meninges directs contacts neural tissue?
ব্যাখ্যা
The CNS is completely enclosed by three connective tissue layers called meninges:
(1) the tough external dura mater;
(2) the middle arachnoid layer; and
(3) the delicate pia mater that directly contacts neural tissue.
১,২১৯.
Which is not a feature of Acute massive PE?
১,২২০.
In which ccondition frog like husky voice is found?
ব্যাখ্যা
Myxedema can be diagnosed over telephone by hearing frog like husky voice.
১,২২১.
Function of smooth ER
১,২২২.
Most common cause of viral meningitis is-
ব্যাখ্যা
Viruses are the most common cause of meningitis, usually resulting in a benign and self-limiting illness requiring no specific therapy. It is much less serious than bacterial meningitis unless there is associated encephalitis. A number of viruses can cause meningitis (see Box 28.59), the most common being enteroviruses. Where specific immunisation is not employed, the mumps virus is a common cause.
১,২২৩.
The earliest sign of hyperkalaemia is associated with
১,২২৪.
Route of treatment of of yaws, pinta and bejel
১,২২৫.
What is the most likely cause of acute right lower quadrant abdominal pain in a young adult?
ব্যাখ্যা
Appendicitis as the most common cause of acute right lower quadrant pain in young adults, often with tenderness at McBurney’s point, fever, and nausea. Diverticulitis typically affects the left side in older patients, cholecystitis causes right upper pain, and pancreatitis is epigastric, making appendicitis the best fit.
১,২২৬.
Closure of the foramen primum results from fusion of the :
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: The septum primum and the endocardial cushions fuse to close the foramen primum. Subsequently, perforations in the upper part of the septum primum coalesce to form septum secondum. It is this foramen that closes postnatally when the left atrial pressure equals right atrial pressure.
১,২২৭.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 Associated cancer is-
১,২২৮.
Blood supply of middle cerebral artery-
ব্যাখ্যা
Middle cerebral artery-
Cortical branches supply entire lateral surface of the hemisphere except the narrow strip supplied by ant cerebral artery. the occipital pole and inferolateral surface of the hemisphere is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery.
Middle cerebral artery supplies all motor area except the leg area. central branches enter the anterior perforated substance and supply the lentiform and caudate nuclei and the internal capsule.
Cortical branches supply entire lateral surface of the hemisphere except the narrow strip supplied by ant cerebral artery. the occipital pole and inferolateral surface of the hemisphere is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery.
Middle cerebral artery supplies all motor area except the leg area. central branches enter the anterior perforated substance and supply the lentiform and caudate nuclei and the internal capsule.
১,২২৯.
Which of the following clinical features is most commonly associated with Hodgkin lymphoma?
ব্যাখ্যা
Painless lymphadenopathy, especially in the cervical or supraclavicular regions, is the most common presenting symptom of Hodgkin lymphoma. Davidson describes that patients may also experience systemic "B symptoms" such as fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Harrison adds that Hodgkin lymphoma often spreads in a predictable pattern from one lymph node group to another, and the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells on biopsy is diagnostic.
১,২৩০.
Site of blood cell production at developing fetus
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Developing fetus- mesoderm of yolk sac
Early fetal life- liver, spleen, thymus
Late fetal life- red bone marrow
১,২৩১.
Which gut hormone doesn’t decrease gastric acid secretion?
১,২৩২.
Vestibular ganglion is first order neuron of
ব্যাখ্যা
Vestibular ganglion is first order neuron of balance or equilibrium
১,২৩৩.
In Post Partum Blue symptoms generally peaks in------------day
১,২৩৪.
NOS has..... Isoform
ব্যাখ্যা
NOS has three isoform inos, pnos
১,২৩৫.
Which of these is composed of hyaline cartilage?
১,২৩৬.
Ataxic gait found in
ব্যাখ্যা
An ataxic gait can result from lesions in the cerebellum, vestibular apparatus or peripheral nerves
১,২৩৭.
The cardinal feature of axSpA is-
ব্যাখ্যা
Davidson Page 1033
১,২৩৮.
Which is not a granulocyte?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Monocyte & Lymphocytes are agranulocytic white blood cell.
১,২৩৯.
Which forms an electrical “barrier” between the atria and ventricles so that they contract independently?
ব্যাখ্যা
The fibrous skeleton is a dense framework of collagen within the heart that keeps the orifices of the atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valve patent, provides an attachment site of the valve leaflets and cusps, serves as the origin and insertion sites of cardiac myocytes, and forms an electrical “barrier” between the atria and ventricles so that they contract independently.
১,২৪০.
Type 2 respiratory failure is clinically present as -
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Clinical features of type 2 respiratory failure :
Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
Airway obsteuction
Cor pulmonale
Signs of precipitating factors
Clinical features of type 2 respiratory failure :
Hypoxia
Hypercapnia
Airway obsteuction
Cor pulmonale
Signs of precipitating factors
১,২৪১.
M. leprae has tropism for which type of cell?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: M. leprae has tropism for Schwann cells and skin macrophages.
১,২৪২.
Haeme containing proteins excludes
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Haeme containing proteins:
• Haemoglobin
• Myoglobin
• Cytochrome C
১,২৪৩.
Causes of sinus tachycardia is
১,২৪৪.
ERV + RV = ?
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 496
১,২৪৫.
Which is not true regarding trachea?
ব্যাখ্যা
*** The trachea has a fibroelastic wall supported by a cartilaginous skeleton formed by C shaped rings made of hyaline cartilage
১,২৪৬.
Which is the main support of the rectum?
ব্যাখ্যা
Supports of rectum
• Pelvic diaphragm: formed by levator ani muscles. The puborectalis sling of this diaphragm surrounds the anorectal junction and maintain the anorectal flexure. (main support)
• Fascia of Waldeyer: Contain Superior Rectal Vessels and lymphatics
• Lateral ligaments of Rectum: Contain Middle Rectal Vessels and lymphatics
• Rectovesical fascia of Denonvilliers
• Pelvic peritoneum
• Perineal body & its muscles
• Pelvic diaphragm: formed by levator ani muscles. The puborectalis sling of this diaphragm surrounds the anorectal junction and maintain the anorectal flexure. (main support)
• Fascia of Waldeyer: Contain Superior Rectal Vessels and lymphatics
• Lateral ligaments of Rectum: Contain Middle Rectal Vessels and lymphatics
• Rectovesical fascia of Denonvilliers
• Pelvic peritoneum
• Perineal body & its muscles
১,২৪৭.
Which of the following is not common presentation of multiple sclerosis?
১,২৪৮.
Closure of semilunar valve which heart sound produce
১,২৪৯.
Conducting system of the heart is made up of-
ব্যাখ্যা
The conducting system is made up of specialized myocardium (not nervous tissue)
Its fibres are finer than other myocardial fibres and are completely cross striated
Parts:
1. Sinoatrial node (SA node)
2. Atrioventricular node (AV node)
3. Atrioventricular bundle (of His)
4. Right and left branches of AV bundle
5. Sub endocardial Purkinje fibres
Blood supply:
Whole of conducting system except left branch of AV bundle is supplied by right coronary artery. In 40% cases, left coronary artery supplies SA node.
Its fibres are finer than other myocardial fibres and are completely cross striated
Parts:
1. Sinoatrial node (SA node)
2. Atrioventricular node (AV node)
3. Atrioventricular bundle (of His)
4. Right and left branches of AV bundle
5. Sub endocardial Purkinje fibres
Blood supply:
Whole of conducting system except left branch of AV bundle is supplied by right coronary artery. In 40% cases, left coronary artery supplies SA node.
১,২৫০.
Which plasmodium species causes malignant malaria?
ব্যাখ্যা
Tertian malaria is subdivided into malignant malaria, caused by P. falciparum, and benign malaria, caused by P. vivax and P. ovale.
১,২৫১.
Most diagnostic for asthma
ব্যাখ্যা
কোন ব্যাখ্যা যোগ হয় নি।
১,২৫২.
Blood film in G6PD deficiency shows-
১,২৫৩.
Site of avuscular necrosis -
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Avuscular necrosis seen in :
Head of femur
Talas
Scaphoid
Radiation therapy
Sickle cell crisis
Trauma
Tumor
Avuscular necrosis seen in :
Head of femur
Talas
Scaphoid
Radiation therapy
Sickle cell crisis
Trauma
Tumor
১,২৫৪.
Dominant pathogenesis of ischemic heart disease -
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
The dominant cause of IHD syndrome is insufficient coronary perfusion relative to myocardial demand, due to chronic, progressive atherosclerotic narrowing of the epicardial coronary arteries
The dominant cause of IHD syndrome is insufficient coronary perfusion relative to myocardial demand, due to chronic, progressive atherosclerotic narrowing of the epicardial coronary arteries
১,২৫৫.
Phagocytosis of ECM components and debris done by
ব্যাখ্যা
Phagocytosis of ECM components and debris done by macrophage
১,২৫৬.
Which is not included in case definition of kalazr?
ব্যাখ্যা
The diagnosis of Kala-azar will be based on the following criteria in a symptomatic case.
History of fever for more than 2 weeks
Residing/ traveling in endemic areas
Any one of the following symptoms and signs:
1.Splenomegaly
2.Weight loss
3.Anemia
And ‘rk39’ test (+) positive.
History of fever for more than 2 weeks
Residing/ traveling in endemic areas
Any one of the following symptoms and signs:
1.Splenomegaly
2.Weight loss
3.Anemia
And ‘rk39’ test (+) positive.
১,২৫৭.
The definitive diagnostic gold standard for Gout is:
ব্যাখ্যা
While elevated uric acid, podagra, and radiographic changes are suggestive, the definitive diagnosis of gout is made by aspirating synovial fluid from the affected joint and visualizing characteristic negatively birefringent, needle-shaped monosodium urate (MSU) crystals under a polarized light microscope.
১,২৫৮.
Color of CSF in viral meningitis
১,২৫৯.
Pel-Ebstein fever is characteristic of which condition?
ব্যাখ্যা
Pel-Ebstein fever describes cyclical fever (1–2 weeks of fever alternating with afebrile periods), classic for Hodgkin’s
১,২৬০.
Which is called Governor of the cell cycle -
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
RB gene is called Governor of the cell cycle.
It inhibit cell cycle in G1-S phase.
RB gene is called Governor of the cell cycle.
It inhibit cell cycle in G1-S phase.
১,২৬১.
Golgi tendon organ sensory supply
ব্যাখ্যা
Golgi tendon organ
1.Present in muscle-tendon junction
2. Sensory Supply-Only Ib type
3. Alpha motor only
4. Regulates musle tension
5. Reflexes are inhibitory.
1.Present in muscle-tendon junction
2. Sensory Supply-Only Ib type
3. Alpha motor only
4. Regulates musle tension
5. Reflexes are inhibitory.
১,২৬২.
Which of the following is not a Vitamin K dependant clotting factor?
১,২৬৩.
Which of the following is a hallmark feature of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
ব্যাখ্যা
GAD is defined by excessive, persistent worry lasting ≥6 months about various life domains, along with physical symptoms (e.g., fatigue, muscle tension).
১,২৬৪.
Cells of the cerebral cortex exclude-
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation- also horizontal cells of Cajal, cells of martinotti.
১,২৬৫.
Which of the following is the most common Cause of acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Peptic ulcer disease is the most common Cause of acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
১,২৬৬.
Which is called the musician's nerve?
১,২৬৭.
Anesthetic accident produces
ব্যাখ্যা
Anesthetic accident produces neurogenic shock
১,২৬৮.
Which of the following is a common side effect of long-term corticosteroid therapy?
ব্যাখ্যা
Osteoporosis is a well-known side effect of long-term corticosteroid therapy. Davidson explains that corticosteroids reduce bone formation and increase bone resorption, leading to decreased bone density and an increased risk of fractures. Harrison adds that patients on long-term corticosteroids should be monitored for bone loss and may require prophylactic treatment with calcium, vitamin D, and bisphosphonates to reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
১,২৬৯.
All stages of RBC is invaded by
ব্যাখ্যা
Red cells infected with malaria undergo haemolysis which is most severe with P. falciparum that invades red cells of all ages.
P. vivax and P. ovale preferentially invade younger cells, and P. malariae normoblasts
P. vivax and P. ovale preferentially invade younger cells, and P. malariae normoblasts
১,২৭০.
Which is the most active zone of the breast?
ব্যাখ্যা
♣ Terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU) is the most active part of the breast.
♣ Most diseases of the breast arise from the terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU)
♣ About 50% of the ductolobular tissue is located in the upper outer quadrant and about 20% in the central region
♣ Most diseases of the breast arise from the terminal ductal lobular unit (TDLU)
♣ About 50% of the ductolobular tissue is located in the upper outer quadrant and about 20% in the central region
১,২৭১.
Epithelial cells are anchored to the basal lamina by-
১,২৭২.
Proprioceptive defects can cause an---- gait
১,২৭৩.
Stages of hemostasis excludes
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Stages of hemostasis
When a blood vessel is injured, the injury initiates a series of reactions, resulting in hemostasis. It occurs in three stages
1. Vasoconstriction
2. Platelet plug formation
3. Coagulation of blood.
১,২৭৪.
PTH stimulates Ca2+ reabsorption in whiwch part of renal tubule?
ব্যাখ্যা
In the distal convoluted tubules of the renal cortex, PTH stimulates Ca2+ reabsorption (and inhibits phosphate reabsorption in the proximal tubules).
১,২৭৫.
Most common Prevalence of cryoglobulins is of
১,২৭৬.
Nephrons of the kidney develops from-
ব্যাখ্যা
Metanephros Gives rise to nephrons i.e. secretory/excretory part of the kidneys
• Bowman’s capsule
• Glomerulus
• PCT
• Loop of Henle
• DCT
• Bowman’s capsule
• Glomerulus
• PCT
• Loop of Henle
• DCT
১,২৭৭.
Induction of central tolerance occurs in-
ব্যাখ্যা
Function of thymus:
1.Production, differentiation and maturation and maturation of T-lymphocytes
2.Secretion of thymopoietin by epithelioreticular cells. Thymopoietin stimulates T cell production.
3.Thymus is essential for development of immunity in early life.
4. Another main function of the thymus is induction of central tolerance, which along with regulatory T cells prevents autoimmunity
1.Production, differentiation and maturation and maturation of T-lymphocytes
2.Secretion of thymopoietin by epithelioreticular cells. Thymopoietin stimulates T cell production.
3.Thymus is essential for development of immunity in early life.
4. Another main function of the thymus is induction of central tolerance, which along with regulatory T cells prevents autoimmunity
১,২৭৮.
Causes of under nutrition & weight loss in adults due to impaired energy storage
১,২৭৯.
Which one of following is not a lysosomal enzyme-?
ব্যাখ্যা
★Lysosomal enzymes are-
-Ribonuclease
-Deoxyribonuclease
-Phosphate
-Glycosidases
-Arylsylfatases
-Collagenase
-Cathepsins
-Phospholipase
১,২৮০.
Which one is the most appropriate in left heart failure?
১,২৮১.
Which drug is used for anxiety disorders?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Antidepressants are the drugs of first choice. The therapeutic dose is usually higher for anxiety disorders than for depression
১,২৮২.
Most common cause of acute infective endocarditis is
ব্যাখ্যা
Staph. aureus has now overtaken streptococci as the most common cause of acute endocarditis. It originates from skin infections, abscesses or vascular access sites such as intravenous and central lines, or from intravenous drug use.
১,২৮৩.
Which vitamin is synthesised by bacteria in the colon?
১,২৮৪.
The first effect of leukemia is
ব্যাখ্যা
Effects of Leukemia on the Body
The first effect of leukemia is metastatic growth of leukemic cells in abnormal areas of the body. Leukemic cells from the bone marrow may reproduce so much that they invade the surrounding bone, causing pain and, eventually, a tendency for bones to fracture easily.
Almost all leukemias eventually spread to the spleen, lymph nodes, liver, and other vascular regions, regardless of whether the leukemia originated in the bone marrow or lymph nodes.
Common effects in leukemia are the development of infection, severe anemia, and a bleeding tendency caused by thrombocytopenia (lack of platelets). These effects result mainly from displacement of the normal bone marrow and lymphoid cells by the nonfunctional leukemic cells.
Finally, an important effect of leukemia on the body is excessive use of metabolic substrates by the growing cancerous cells. The leukemic tissues reproduce new cells so rapidly that tremendous demands are made on the body reserves for foodstuffs, specific amino acids, and vitamins. Consequently, the energy of the patient is greatly depleted, and excessive utilization of amino acids by leukemic cells causes especially rapid deterioration of the normal protein tissues of the body. Thus, while the leukemic tissues grow, other tissues become debilitated. After metabolic starvation has continued long enough, this factor alone is sufficient to cause death.
Bibliography
David BA, Kubes P: Exploring the complex role of chemokines and chemoattractants in vivo on leukocyte dynamics Immunol Re
The first effect of leukemia is metastatic growth of leukemic cells in abnormal areas of the body. Leukemic cells from the bone marrow may reproduce so much that they invade the surrounding bone, causing pain and, eventually, a tendency for bones to fracture easily.
Almost all leukemias eventually spread to the spleen, lymph nodes, liver, and other vascular regions, regardless of whether the leukemia originated in the bone marrow or lymph nodes.
Common effects in leukemia are the development of infection, severe anemia, and a bleeding tendency caused by thrombocytopenia (lack of platelets). These effects result mainly from displacement of the normal bone marrow and lymphoid cells by the nonfunctional leukemic cells.
Finally, an important effect of leukemia on the body is excessive use of metabolic substrates by the growing cancerous cells. The leukemic tissues reproduce new cells so rapidly that tremendous demands are made on the body reserves for foodstuffs, specific amino acids, and vitamins. Consequently, the energy of the patient is greatly depleted, and excessive utilization of amino acids by leukemic cells causes especially rapid deterioration of the normal protein tissues of the body. Thus, while the leukemic tissues grow, other tissues become debilitated. After metabolic starvation has continued long enough, this factor alone is sufficient to cause death.
Bibliography
David BA, Kubes P: Exploring the complex role of chemokines and chemoattractants in vivo on leukocyte dynamics Immunol Re
১,২৮৫.
Transitional epithelium lining the trigone of the urinary bladder develops from-
ব্যাখ্যা
*** Remaining part of the epithelial lining of the bladder develops from vesicourethral canal of the cloaca.
১,২৮৬.
Which of the following is the most common cause of UTI?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: E.coli is the most common cause of UTI
১,২৮৭.
Days required for spermatogenesis
ব্যাখ্যা
74 days is required for spermiogenesis.
১,২৮৮.
Conditions decrease renin secretion
১,২৮৯.
BMI indicating adequate nutrition
১,২৯০.
The notochord is formed by the cells of the –
ব্যাখ্যা
The notochord is formed by the cells of the – Mesoderm
১,২৯১.
Elevated blood urea with normal creatinine concentration implies
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: An elevated blood urea with normal creatinine concentration implies severe bleeding
১,২৯২.
Which one of the followings is the Numerical chromosomal abnormalities?
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Turner’s syndrome (45,X) is an example of Numerical chromosomal abnormalities
১,২৯৩.
Main cell of epidermis is
১,২৯৪.
Main support of liver -
ব্যাখ্যা
Hepatic vein is the main support of liver.
১,২৯৫.
The blood volume of the lungs is about...ml
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 504
১,২৯৬.
Cause of normal lactate acidosis-
১,২৯৭.
Type of vena caval opening -
ব্যাখ্যা
The inferior vena cava passes through the diaphragm at the vena caval foramen. This aperture is located in the central tendon at the level of T8
১,২৯৮.
Which of the following is the cause of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN)?
১,২৯৯.
Startled expression is found in
১,৩০০.
Most abundant protein of bone is-
ব্যাখ্যা
Davidson : Page -993