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Special Senses & Others

মোট প্রশ্ন৯১এই পাতা৯১প্রতি পাতা১০০
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Special Senses & Others

PrepBank · পাতা / · ৯১ / ৯১

.
Macula receives collateral blood supply from
  1. ACA
  2. MCA
  3. ICA
  4. Vertebral Artery
সঠিক উত্তর:
MCA
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
MCA
ব্যাখ্যা
Blood supply of macula:

1. Posterior Cerebral Artery
2. Middle Cerebral Artery

Snell 8th- 473
.
Cytoskeleton filaments excludes:
  1. Microtubules
  2. intermediate filaments
  3. Microfilaments
  4. Centrioles
সঠিক উত্তর:
Centrioles
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Centrioles
.
Lysosomes contain -
  1. ক) Hydrophobic enzymes
  2. খ) Hydrolytic enzymes
  3. গ) Pro enzymes
  4. ঘ) Growth hormones
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Hydrolytic enzymes
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Hydrolytic enzymes
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Hydrolytic enzymes are highly concentrated in lysosomes. Ordinarily, the membrane surrounding the Lysosome prevents the enclosed hydrolytic enzymes from coming into contact with other substances in the cell and therefore prevents their digestive actions.
.
Membranous organelle
  1. ক) Ribosome
  2. খ) Lysosome
  3. গ) Cytoskeleton
  4. ঘ) Centrioles
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Lysosome
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Lysosome
.
By opthalmoscope which structure cant be seen?
  1. Optic Disc
  2. Cornea
  3. Retina
  4. Blood vessels
সঠিক উত্তর:
Cornea
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Cornea
ব্যাখ্যা
Structure seen through opthalmoscope:
1.Optic Disc
2.Retina
3.Blood vessels
4.Macula

Snell 8th-349
.
Maintenance of nearly constant internal environment is called
  1. ক) Hemostasis
  2. খ) Haemostasis
  3. গ) Homeostasis
  4. ঘ) All of them
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Homeostasis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Homeostasis
.
Which of the followings occur as a result of lesion of lateral fibers in left side of optic chiasma?
  1. ক) Bitemporal hemianopia
  2. খ) Binasal hemianopia
  3. গ) Left homonymous hemianopia
  4. ঘ) Left nasal hemianopia
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Left nasal hemianopia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Left nasal hemianopia
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation :
Lesion of left optic nerve: Total blindness of left eye.
Lesion of right optic nerve: Total blindness of right eye.
Lesion of lateral fibers in left side of optic chiasma: Left nasal hemianopia.
Lesion of lateral fibers in right side of optic chiasma: Right nasal hemianopia C + D.
Lesion of lateral fibers in both sides of optic chiasma: Binasal hemianopia.
Lesion of medial fibers in optic chiasma: Bitemporal hemianopia.
Lesion of left optic radiation: Right homonymous hemianopia.
Lesion of right optic radiation: Left homonymous hemianopia.nknown.

Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Figure-168.5)
.
Which of the following area is concerned with the movement of eyes?
  1. ক) Primary visual area
  2. খ) Occipital eye field
  3. গ) Visual association area
  4. ঘ) Pretectal nucleus
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Occipital eye field
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Occipital eye field
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation : Three areas are present in visual cortex:
i. Primary visual area (area 17), which is concerned with the perception of visual impulses.
ii. Secondary visual area or visual association area (area 18), which is concerned with the interpretation of visual impulses.
iii. Occipital eye field (area 19), which is concerned with the movement of eyes (Chapter 152). Pretectal nucleus is concerned with light reflexes.

Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 991)
.
Bulk transport system
  1. ক) Osmosis
  2. খ) Diffusion
  3. গ) Active transport
  4. ঘ) Filtration
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Filtration
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Filtration
১০.
Which lens is used in myopia?
  1. ক) Biconcave
  2. খ) Biconvex
  3. গ) Cylindrical
  4. ঘ) Both biconcave & biconvex
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Biconcave
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Biconcave
১১.
Movement of chromosome during cell division
  1. ক) Ribosome
  2. খ) Centrosome
  3. গ) Proteosome
  4. ঘ) Microtubule
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Centrosome
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Centrosome
১২.
Which is substrate for Lysosomal enzyme cathepsins?
  1. ক) DNA
  2. খ) RNA
  3. গ) Protein
  4. ঘ) Collagen
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Protein
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Protein
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Ganong 26th; Table-2.1
১৩.
Which one of following is an example of secondary active counter transport-?
  1. ক) Na+-K+ pump
  2. খ) Na+-glucose transport
  3. গ) Na+-Ca+ transport
  4. ঘ) Na+-amino acid transport
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Na+-Ca+ transport
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Na+-Ca+ transport
ব্যাখ্যা

★Examples of Secondary active transport-
-Na+-Ca++ counter transport
-Na+-H+ counter transport
-Chloride shift

১৪.
Which is best matched regarding MPS
  1. Branched
  2. Short chain
  3. Contain Sialic acid
  4. Contain Uronic acid
সঠিক উত্তর:
Contain Uronic acid
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Contain Uronic acid
১৫.
Lacrimal Gland is supplied by
  1. Pterygopalatine ganglion
  2. Otic ganglion
  3. Ciliary Ganglion
  4. Submandibular ganglion
সঠিক উত্তর:
Pterygopalatine ganglion
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Pterygopalatine ganglion
ব্যাখ্যা
The lacrimal gland receives secretomotor PNS through Pterygopalatine ganglion

Innervation
Sensory: lacrimal nerve (from ophthalmic nerve)
Parasympathetic: greater petrosal nerve (from facial nerve)
Sympathetic: deep petrosal nerve (from internal carotid plexus) 


Snell 8th - 415 Review Q- 15
১৬.
Which is not correct for composition of cell membrane:
  1. Protein 55%
  2. Lipid 42%
  3. Cholesterol 13%
  4. Carbohydrate 10%
সঠিক উত্তর:
Carbohydrate 10%
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Carbohydrate 10%
১৭.
Which of the following neurotransmitter is not found in retinna?
  1. ক) Glutamate
  2. খ) Glycine
  3. গ) Serotonin
  4. ঘ) Dopamine
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Glutamate
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Glutamate
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :

Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Table- 141.1)
১৮.
A 67-year-old man presents to accident and emergency with a 3-day history of shortness of breath. On examination you palpate the radial pulse and notice that the patient has an irregular heart beat with an overall rate of 140 bpm. You request an electrocardiogram (ECG) which reveals that the patient is in atrial fibrillation. Which of the following would you expect to see when assessing the JVP?
  1. Raised JVP with normal waveform
  2. Large a waves
  3. Large v waves
  4. Absent a waves
সঠিক উত্তর:
Absent a waves
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Absent a waves
ব্যাখ্যা
 The JVP provides clinicians with information regarding right atrial pressures and filling. It mainly consists of five wave forms:
1 a wave - representing atrial systole;
2 c wave - representing closure of the tricuspid valve (this wave is not usually visible);
3 x descent - representing a fall in atrial pressure during ventricular systole;
4 v wave - representing atrial filling against a closed tricuspid valve;
5 y descent - representing the opening of the tricuspid valve.

In atrial fibrillation, the 'a waves' are absent (D) due to dysfunctional atrial systole. A raised JVP with normal waveform pattern (A) is usually seen in fluid overload and right heart failure. Large v waves (B) are usually seen in patients with tricuspid regurgitation. Cannon 'a waves' (C) are seen in patients with complete heart block, single chamber ventricular pacing, ventricular arrhythmias and ventricular ectopics. Large 'a waves' (E) can be seen in pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary stenosis.
১৯.
Which type of cell junction found in endothelium of capillary:
  1. Tight junction
  2. Gap junction
  3. Desmosome
  4. Hemidesmosome
সঠিক উত্তর:
Tight junction
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Tight junction
২০.
Resonator is
  1. lips
  2. tongue
  3. soft palate
  4. chest cavity
সঠিক উত্তর:
chest cavity
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
chest cavity
ব্যাখ্যা
The three major organs of articulation are the lips,tongue,  and soft palate

The resonators include the mouth, the nose and associated nasal sinuses, the pharynx, and even the chest cavity
২১.
The sensory organ of hearing is situated on
  1. ক) Tectorial membrane
  2. খ) Basilar membrane
  3. গ) Vestibular membrane
  4. ঘ) Spiral membrane
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Basilar membrane
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Basilar membrane
ব্যাখ্যা
This sensory organ of the hearing is situated on the basilar membrane. It is spread like a ribbon along the entire length of basilar membrane.
২২.
Which of the following transport processes is involved if transport of glucose from the intestinal lumen into a small intestinal cell is inhibited by abolishing the usual Na+ gradient across the cell membrane?
  1. Facilitated diffusion
  2. Primary active transport
  3. Cotransport
  4. Countertransport
সঠিক উত্তর:
Cotransport
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Cotransport
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
In the usual Na+ gradient, the [Na+] is higher in extracellular than in intracellular fluid (maintained by the Na+–K+ pump). Two forms of transport are energized by this Na+ gradient cotransport and countertransport. Because glucose is moving in the same direction as Na+, one can conclude that it is cotransport.
২৩.
Which of the followings is known as auditopsychic area?
  1. ক) Broca's area 41
  2. খ) Broca's area 42
  3. গ) Wernick's area
  4. ঘ) Broca's area 22
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Broca's area 22
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Broca's area 22
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Cortical auditory centers are in the temporal lobe of cerebral cortex. Auditory areas are:
1. Primary auditory area, which includes area 41, area 42 and Wernicke area.
2. Secondary auditory area or auditopsychic area, which includes area 22
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 1014)
২৪.
A/T ratio of DNA
  1. 0
  2. 1
  3. 2
  4. 3
সঠিক উত্তর:
1
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
1
২৫.
Vestibular ganglion is first order neuron of
  1. ক) Vision
  2. খ) Balance
  3. গ) Taste
  4. ঘ) Smell
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Balance
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Balance
ব্যাখ্যা
Vestibular ganglion is first order neuron of balance or equilibrium
২৬.
Which one of following is not a lysosomal enzyme-?
  1. ক) Cathepsin's
  2. খ) Coagulase
  3. গ) Phospholipase
  4. ঘ) Arylsulfatases
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Coagulase
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Coagulase
ব্যাখ্যা

★Lysosomal enzymes are-
-Ribonuclease
-Deoxyribonuclease
-Phosphate
-Glycosidases
-Arylsylfatases
-Collagenase
-Cathepsins
-Phospholipase

২৭.
Which of the followings act as taste recptor cell in taste bud?
  1. ক) Sustentacular cell
  2. খ) Type II cell
  3. গ) Type III cell
  4. ঘ) Basal cell
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Type III cell
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Type III cell
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation : Type of Cells in Taste Bud
1. Type I cells or sustentacular cells
2. Type II cells
3. Type III cells
4. Type IV cells or basal cells.
Type I cells and type IV cells are supporting cells. Type III cells are the taste receptor cells. Function of type II cell is unknown.

Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 1024)
২৮.
Umami is a… word
  1. ক) Indian
  2. খ) Chinese
  3. গ) Korean
  4. ঘ) Japanese
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Japanese
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Japanese
২৯.
Which of the following is true regarding Visual pathway?
  1. ক) Optic tract is formed by uncrossed fibers of optic nerve on the same side and crossed fibers of optic nerve from the opposite side
  2. খ) Fibers from fovea enter superior colliculus
  3. গ) Supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus is concerned with the retinal control of pituitary in human
  4. ঘ) Fibers from geniculate body pass through external capsule
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Optic tract is formed by uncrossed fibers of optic nerve on the same side and crossed fibers of optic nerve from the opposite side
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Optic tract is formed by uncrossed fibers of optic nerve on the same side and crossed fibers of optic nerve from the opposite side
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Optic tract is formed by uncrossed fibers of optic nerve on the same side and crossed fibers of optic nerve from the opposite side. Fibers from fovea do not enter superior colliculus. Supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus: It is concerned with the retinal control of pituitary in animals. But in human, it does not play any important role. Fibers from lateral geniculate body pass through internal capsule and form optic radiation.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 990,991)
৩০.
Nonmembranous organelle:
  1. Peroxisomes
  2. Lysosomes
  3. Golgi apparatus
  4. Ribosomes
সঠিক উত্তর:
Ribosomes
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Ribosomes
৩১.
Regarding Na+-K+ pump;
  1. 3K inside to outside
  2. 2Na outside to inside
  3. 3Na inside to outside
  4. 3K Outside to inside
সঠিক উত্তর:
3Na inside to outside
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
3Na inside to outside
৩২.
Which of the following would occur as a result of the inhibition of Na+,K+-ATPase?
  1. ক) Decreased intracellular Na+ concentration
  2. খ) Increased intracellular K+ concentration
  3. গ) Increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration
  4. ঘ) Increased Na+–glucose cotransport
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration
ব্যাখ্যা
Inhibition of Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) leads to an increase in intracellular Na+ concentration. Increased intracellular Na+ concentration decreases the Na+ gradient across the cell membrane, thereby inhibiting Na+–Ca2+ exchange and causing an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Increased intracellular Na+ concentration also inhibits Na+–glucose cotransport.
৩৩.
Which of the following has zero protein content
  1. Ciliary Body
  2. Skin
  3. Sk Muscle
  4. GIT
সঠিক উত্তর:
Ciliary Body
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Ciliary Body
৩৪.
Processing, packaging, labelling & delivery of proteins & lipids
  1. ক) RER
  2. খ) SER
  3. গ) Golgi apparatus
  4. ঘ) Ribosome
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Golgi apparatus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Golgi apparatus
৩৫.
The three major organs of articulation excludes
  1. Lips
  2. Tongue
  3. Soft palate
  4. Hard plate
সঠিক উত্তর:
Hard plate
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Hard plate
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Guyton 14th; P- 501
৩৬.
Non-chromosomal DNA found in-
  1. RNA
  2. Nucleus
  3. Mitochondria
  4. Centrosome
সঠিক উত্তর:
Mitochondria
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Mitochondria
৩৭.
Which organelle is important in specialized cellular signalling?
  1. Endoplasmic reticulum
  2. Golgi apparatus
  3. Ribosome
  4. Mitochondria
সঠিক উত্তর:
Mitochondria
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Mitochondria
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
Cells contain a variety of organelles that perform specialized cell functions. The nucleus is an organelle that contains DNA and is the site of gene transcription. The endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus are important in protein processing and the targeting of proteins to correct compartments within the cell. Lysosomes and peroxisomes are membranebound organelles that contribute to protein and lipid processing. Mitochondria are organelles that allow for oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells and also are important in specialized cellular signaling.
৩৮.
Manifestations of shock includes all of the following except?
  1. Decrease in cardiac output
  2. Low blood pressure
  3. Rapid thready pulse
  4. Decrease in respiratory rate
সঠিক উত্তর:
Decrease in respiratory rate
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Decrease in respiratory rate
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Manifestations of shock
• Decrease in cardiac output
• Low blood pressure
• Rapid thready pulse
• Pale and cold skin
• Increase in respiratory rate
• Restless or lethargy

৩৯.
Vasogenic shock excludes
  1. ক) Septic shock
  2. খ) Surgical shock
  3. গ) Neurogenic shock
  4. ঘ) Anaphylactic shock
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Surgical shock
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Surgical shock
৪০.
Types of RNA excludes:
  1. m RNA
  2. r RNA
  3. n RNA
  4. t RNA
সঠিক উত্তর:
n RNA
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
n RNA
ব্যাখ্যা
RNA three types

Messenger RNA , Ribosomal RNA, Transfer RNA
৪১.
Contraction of medial rectus helps in accommodation of eye by
  1. ক) Increasing anterior curvature of eyeball
  2. খ) Constriction of pupil
  3. গ) Dilatation of pupil
  4. ঘ) Convergence of eyeball
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Convergence of eyeball
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Convergence of eyeball
৪২.
Cell membrane is semipermeable because of having
  1. Lipid
  2. Protein
  3. Carbohydrate
  4. Glycolipid
সঠিক উত্তর:
Protein
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Protein
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
The cell and the intracellular organelles are surrounded by semipermeable membranes. Biological membranes have a lipid bilayer core that is populated by structural and functional proteins. These proteins contribute greatly to the semipermeable properties of biological membrane.
৪৩.
Cell membrane is semipermeable because of having
  1. ক) Lipid
  2. খ) Protein
  3. গ) Carbohydrate
  4. ঘ) Glycolipid
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Protein
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Protein
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
The cell and the intracellular organelles are surrounded by semipermeable membranes. Biological membranes have a lipid bilayer core that is populated by structural and functional proteins. These proteins contribute greatly to the semipermeable properties of biological membrane.
৪৪.
Lesion of left optic nerve results in
  1. ক) Total blindness of left eye
  2. খ) Total blindness of right eye
  3. গ) Left homonymous hemianopia
  4. ঘ) Right homonymous hemianopia
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Total blindness of left eye
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Total blindness of left eye
৪৫.
Which of the following does not support accommodation reflex?
  1. ক) Contraction of medial recti
  2. খ) Relaxation of the ciliary muscle
  3. গ) Contraction of constrictor pupillae of iris
  4. ঘ) Increase in the anterior curvature of the lens
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Relaxation of the ciliary muscle
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Relaxation of the ciliary muscle
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Accommodation is a reflex action. When a person looks at a near object after seeing a far object, three adjustments are made in the eyeballs:
1. Convergence of the eyeballs due to contraction of the medial recti
2. Constriction of the pupil due to the contraction of constrictor pupillae of iris
3. Increase in the anterior curvature of the lens due to contraction of the ciliary muscle.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 997)
৪৬.
Which lens is used in myopia?
  1. ক) Biconcave
  2. খ) Biconvex
  3. গ) Cylindrical
  4. ঘ) Both biconcave & biconvex
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Biconcave
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Biconcave
৪৭.
Port Wine birthmark is present in
  1. Lateral Medullary syndrome
  2. Medial Medullary syndrome
  3. Weber Syndrome
  4. Claude syndrome
সঠিক উত্তর:
Weber Syndrome
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Weber Syndrome
৪৮.
Which of the followings is false regarding accommodation reflex?
  1. ক) Increases the visual acuity
  2. খ) Reduces lateral chromatic aberrations
  3. গ) Increases spherical aberrations
  4. ঘ) Increases the depth of focus
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Increases spherical aberrations
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Increases spherical aberrations
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : In addition to increase in anterior curvature of the lens, two more adjustments are made in the eyeball during accommodation for near vision.
1. Convergence of both eyeballs: It is necessary to bring the retinal images on to the corresponding points
2. Constriction of pupil: It is necessary to:
i. Increase the visual acuity by reducing lateral chromatic and spherical aberrations
ii. Reduce the quantity of light entering eye
iii. Increase the depth of focus through more central part of lens as its convexity is increased.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 996)
৪৯.
Lesion of left optic radiation results in
  1. ক) Total blindness of left eye
  2. খ) Total blindness of right eye
  3. গ) Left homonymous hemianopia
  4. ঘ) Right homonymous hemianopia
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Right homonymous hemianopia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Right homonymous hemianopia
৫০.
Lipid layer of cell membrane is impermeable for:
  1. Oxygen
  2. Carbon di-oxide
  3. Alcohol
  4. Electrolyte
সঠিক উত্তর:
Electrolyte
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Electrolyte
৫১.
Half life of cobalt
  1. 5.3 years
  2. 6.3 years
  3. 7.3 years
  4. 8.3 years
সঠিক উত্তর:
5.3 years
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
5.3 years
৫২.
Receptor organ in otoliths is known as -
  1. ক) Crista ampullaris
  2. খ) Ductus reuniens
  3. গ) Macula
  4. ঘ) Planum semilunatum
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Macula
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Macula
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Receptor organ in semicircular canal is called crista ampullaris and that in otolith organ is called macula. These receptor organs contain the proprioceptors.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 921)
৫৩.
The Golgi complex-
  1. ক) is an organelle that participates in the breakdown of proteins and lipids.
  2. খ) is an organelle that participates in posttranslational processing of proteins.
  3. গ) is an organelle that participates in energy production.
  4. ঘ) is an organelle that participates in transcription and translation.
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) is an organelle that participates in posttranslational processing of proteins.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) is an organelle that participates in posttranslational processing of proteins.
ব্যাখ্যা
Golgi complex is a membrane bound organelle which helps in post translational modification of protein.
৫৪.
Stages of shock excludes
  1. ক) Non progressive
  2. খ) Progressive
  3. গ) Indefinite
  4. ঘ) Irreversible
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Indefinite
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Indefinite
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanation:
Stages of shock
• A nonprogressive stage (sometimes called the compensated stage)
• A progressive stage
• An irreversible stage

৫৫.
The second-order auditory pathway neurons are made up
  1. Bipolar cell
  2. Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
  3. LGB
  4. Superior Olivary Nuclei
সঠিক উত্তর:
Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
ব্যাখ্যা
The sequential steps are as follows:

1.The bipolar cells of the spiral ganglion, which are located in the cochlea’s modiolus, are the first-order neurons of the auditory pathway.
2. The second-order auditory pathway neurons are made up of neurons from the dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei in the medulla oblongata.
3. Both the superior olivary nuclei and the lateral lemniscus nucleus comprise the third-order neurons.
4.The subcortical auditory centre is formed by the medial geniculate body, where the fibres of third-order neurons terminate.
5.The nerve fibres from the medial geniculate body travel as auditory radiation via the internal capsule to the temporal cortex.
6.In the midbrain, the inferior colliculus of the tectum receives some fibres from the medial geniculate body.
7.The reflex movements in response to auditory stimuli are mediated by the auditory radiation fibres.
8.The temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex houses the cortical auditory centres. The perception of auditory impulses, analysis of sound pitch and intensity, and identification of sound source are all concerns of the cortical auditory centres.
৫৬.
Cell membrane is semipermeable because of having
  1. ক) Lipid
  2. খ) Protein
  3. গ) Carbohydrate
  4. ঘ) Glycolipid
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Protein
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Protein
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
The cell and the intracellular organelles are surrounded by semipermeable membranes. Biological membranes have a lipid bilayer core that is populated by structural and functional proteins. These proteins contribute greatly to the semipermeable properties of biological membrane.
৫৭.
Local factors produce vasoconstriction-
  1. ক) Increased CO2
  2. খ) Decreased local temperature
  3. গ) Decreased O2
  4. ঘ) Decreased local pH
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Decreased local temperature
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Decreased local temperature
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-588]
৫৮.
Which of the bond doesnt hold Ag-Ab together
  1. Hydrophilic Bond
  2. Hydrophobic bond
  3. Hydrogen bond
  4. Van der Waals forces
সঠিক উত্তর:
Hydrophilic Bond
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Hydrophilic Bond
ব্যাখ্যা
When the antibody is highly specific, there are so many bonding sites that the antibody-antigen coupling is exceedingly strong,
held together by (1) hydrophobic bonding; (2) hydrogen bonding; (3) ionic attractions; and (4) Van der Waals forces.
It also obeys the thermodynamic mass action law
৫৯.
Compensatory changes in hemorrhage include-
  1. ক) Increase adrenal medullary secretions
  2. খ) Bradycardia
  3. গ) Decrease sympathetic nervous activity
  4. ঘ) Increase circulating angiotensin-1
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Increase adrenal medullary secretions
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Increase adrenal medullary secretions
ব্যাখ্যা

Compensatory reactions activated by hemorrhage-
-Vasoconstriction
- Tachycardia
-Venoconstriction
-increase secretion of Catecholamines, vasopressin, EPO, Renin, Glucocorticoids, Aldosterone
-Tachypnoea
-Restlessness

৬০.
Gene is a part of
  1. ক) DNA
  2. খ) RNA
  3. গ) Chromosome
  4. ঘ) Nucleus
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) DNA
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) DNA
৬১.
There are ______ type of Retinal bipolar cell
  1. 2
  2. 4
  3. 6
  4. 8
সঠিক উত্তর:
2
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
2
ব্যাখ্যা
There are two types of bipolar cells:
a) OFF-center bipolar cells and
b) ON-center bipolar cells.
These cells respond in opposite ways to the glutamate released by the photoreceptors because they express different types of glutamate receptors. Like photoreceptors, the bipolar cells do not fire action potential and only respond with graded postsynaptic potentials
৬২.
Inability to recognize or detect any odor
  1. ক) Anosmia
  2. খ) Hyposmia
  3. গ) Hyperosmia
  4. ঘ) Tenosmia
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Anosmia
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Anosmia
৬৩.
Which organelle sorts and packages proteins within a cell?
  1. ক) SER
  2. খ) Lysosome
  3. গ) Golgi apparatus
  4. ঘ) Mitochondria
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Golgi apparatus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Golgi apparatus
ব্যাখ্যা
Golgi apparatus sorts and packages proteins within a cell
৬৪.
Which of the followings act as third order neuron in Visual pathway?
  1. ক) Bipolar cells in the retina
  2. খ) Ganglionic cells of retina
  3. গ) Lateral geniculate body
  4. ঘ) Occipital cortex
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Lateral geniculate body
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Lateral geniculate body
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : First order neurons (primary neurons) are bipolar cells in the retina. Axons from the bipolar cells synapse with dendrites of ganglionic cells. Second order neurons (secondary neurons) are the ganglionic cells in ganglionic cell layer of retina. Axons of the ganglionic cells form optic nerve. Optic nerve leaves the eye and terminates in lateral geniculate body. Third order neurons are in the lateral geniculate body. Fibers arising from here, reach the visual cortex.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 989)
৬৫.
Which of the following is the amplitude of accommodation at 50 years age?
  1. ক) 11.0 D
  2. খ) 5.5 D
  3. গ) 1.0 D
  4. ঘ) 2.0 D
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) 2.0 D
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) 2.0 D
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Amplitude of accommodation varies with age. Amplitude of accommodation at different age groups is: 10 years = 11.0 D, 20 years = 9.5 D, 30 years = 7.5 D, 40 years = 5.5 D, 50 years = 2.0 D, 60 years = 1.2 D, 70 years = 1.0 D.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 998)
৬৬.
Receptors are those in the rods and cones in the retina that respond to light are-
  1. ক) Mechanoreceptors
  2. খ) Proprioceptors
  3. গ) Photoreceptors
  4. ঘ) Chemoreceptor
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Photoreceptors
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Photoreceptors
ব্যাখ্যা
Receptors are those in the rods and cones in the retina that respond to light are- photoreceptors
৬৭.
Enzyme found in lysosome:
  1. Acyl phosphatase
  2. Glucosidase
  3. Cathepsins
  4. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
সঠিক উত্তর:
Cathepsins
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Cathepsins
৬৮.
Which of the followings is true regarding vestibular apparatus?
  1. ক) Superior semicircular canal gives response to rotation in vertical axis
  2. খ) Horizontal semicircular canal gives response to rotation in transverse axis
  3. গ) Semicircular canals are concerned with linear acceleration
  4. ঘ) Otolith organ is concerned with acceleration in both horizontal and vertical planes
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Otolith organ is concerned with acceleration in both horizontal and vertical planes
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Otolith organ is concerned with acceleration in both horizontal and vertical planes
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Superior semicircular canal gives response to rotation in anteroposterior plane (transverse axis). Horizontal semicircular canal gives response to rotation in horizontal plane (vertical axis). Semicircular canals are concerned with angular (rotatory) acceleration. Otolith organ is concerned with linear acceleration and detects acceleration in both horizontal and vertical planes. Utricle responds during horizontal acceleration and saccule responds during vertical acceleration.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 924, 926)
৬৯.
Hair cells are present in
  1. ক) Muscle
  2. খ) Ligament
  3. গ) Joint
  4. ঘ) Vestibular apparatus
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Vestibular apparatus
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Vestibular apparatus
৭০.
Mortality rate in case of Galerina poisoining
  1. 50
  2. 60
  3. 70
  4. 80
সঠিক উত্তর:
60
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
60
৭১.
Basic substances of protoplasm exclude
  1. ক) Water
  2. খ) Electrolyte
  3. গ) Lipid
  4. ঘ) Fibre
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Fibre
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Fibre
৭২.
Membrane transport system with downhill electrochemical gradient
  1. Facilitated diffusion
  2. Primary active transport
  3. Co transport
  4. Counter transport
সঠিক উত্তর:
Facilitated diffusion
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Facilitated diffusion
ব্যাখ্যা

Explanations:
• Membrane transport system with downhill electrochemical gradient-passive diffusion & facilitated diffusion.
• Membrane transport system with downhill electrochemical gradient- Primary active transport, Co transport & Counter transport

৭৩.
Argyll Robertson Pupil (ARP) -Not correct about ARP
  1. Light-near dissociation
  2. Both pupils usually involved, but the degree may be asymmetrical
  3. Pupils dilate poorly after instillation of mydriatics
  4. To make a diagnosis of ARP vision in the affected eye must be normal.To make a diagnosis of ARP vision in the affected eye must be affected
সঠিক উত্তর:
To make a diagnosis of ARP vision in the affected eye must be normal.To make a diagnosis of ARP vision in the affected eye must be affected
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
To make a diagnosis of ARP vision in the affected eye must be normal.To make a diagnosis of ARP vision in the affected eye must be affected
ব্যাখ্যা
Argyll Robertson Pupil (ARP):
Hallmark of neurosyphilis
1. Light-near dissociation (no reaction to light but brisk response to near).
2. Both pupils usually involved, but the degree may be asymmetrical.
3. Pupils are small and frequently irregular in shape.
4. Pupils dilate poorly after instillation of mydriatics.
5. To make a diagnosis of ARP vision in the affected eye must be normal.
৭৪.
Pinocytosis is -
  1. ক) Cell eating
  2. খ) Cell drinking
  3. গ) Cell lysis
  4. ঘ) Cell shrinking
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Cell drinking
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Cell drinking
ব্যাখ্যা
[Ganong 24th p-48]
৭৫.
Which one is false about cell organelles?
  1. Power house of cell-mitochondria
  2. Synthesis of protein-Ribosomes
  3. Synthesis of protein-RER
  4. Cellular movements-centrosomes
সঠিক উত্তর:
Cellular movements-centrosomes
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Cellular movements-centrosomes
৭৬.
Not a part of visual pathway
  1. ক) Optic nerve
  2. খ) Optic chiasma
  3. গ) Medial geniculate body
  4. ঘ) Lateral geniculate body
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Medial geniculate body
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Medial geniculate body
৭৭.
Medial geniculate body involve in
  1. ক) Vision
  2. খ) Hearing
  3. গ) Taste
  4. ঘ) Smell
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Hearing
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Hearing
ব্যাখ্যা
Medial geniculate body involve in hearing.
৭৮.
Characteristics of active transport excludes:
  1. Transport occurs against chemical or electrical gradient.
  2. Membrane may or may not be present.
  3. Energy is necessary.
  4. Carrier protein is necessary
সঠিক উত্তর:
Membrane may or may not be present.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Membrane may or may not be present.
ব্যাখ্যা
Membrane must be present.
৭৯.
The acetylcholine-gated channel doesnt allow to pass
  1. calcium (Ca2+)
  2. potassium (K+)
  3. chloride ions
  4. sodium (Na+)
সঠিক উত্তর:
chloride ions
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
chloride ions
ব্যাখ্যা
The acetylcholine-gated channel has a diameter of about 0.65 nanometer, which is large enough to allow the important positive ions-sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca2+)-to move easily through the opening. Patch clamp studies have shown that one of these channels, when opened by acetylcholine, can transmit 15,000 to 30,000 sodium ions in 1 millisecond. Conversely, negative ions, such as chloride ions, do not pass through because of strong negative charges in the mouth of the channel that repel these negative ions.
৮০.
Presbycusis is –
  1. ক) Age related vision impairment
  2. খ) Age related hearing impairment
  3. গ) Age related balance impairment
  4. ঘ) Age related memory impairment
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Age related hearing impairment
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Age related hearing impairment
ব্যাখ্যা
Presbycusis is age related hearing impairment.
৮১.
Only water is transported through
  1. ক) Simple diffusion
  2. খ) Facilitated diffusion
  3. গ) Osmosis
  4. ঘ) Active transport
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Osmosis
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Osmosis
৮২.
(MCT) recognizes
  1. Lactate
  2. Acetoacetate
  3. Pyruvate
  4. All
সঠিক উত্তর:
All
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
All
ব্যাখ্যা
The H+/monocarboxylate cotransporter (MCT) recognizes monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, acetoacetate, and β-hydroxybutyrate. It is a proton-driven transporter with a coupling stoichiometry of 1 H+ : 1 monocarboxylate and, thus, MCT is an electroneutral transporter (Fig. 4). The direction of transport is governed by the prevailing proton gradient.
৮৩.
Which is substrate for Lysosomal enzyme cathepsins?
  1. DNA
  2. RNA
  3. Protein
  4. Collagen
সঠিক উত্তর:
Protein
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Protein
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Ganong 26th; Table-2.1
৮৪.
Which of the followings act as centre for accommodation?
  1. ক) Broca's Area 8
  2. খ) Broca's Area 17
  3. গ) Broca's Area 19
  4. ঘ) Edinger-Westphal nucleus
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Broca's Area 8
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Broca's Area 8
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : The center for accommodation lies in frontal eye field (area 8) that is situated in the frontal lobe of cerebral cortex.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 997)
৮৫.
Structural integrity of cell membrane provide by:
  1. Integral Protein
  2. Peripheral protein
  3. Lipid
  4. Phospholipid
সঠিক উত্তর:
Integral Protein
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Integral Protein
৮৬.
Which acts as microtubule-organizing centre?
  1. ক) Peroxisome
  2. খ) Centrosome
  3. গ) Lysosome
  4. ঘ) Ribosome
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Centrosome
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Centrosome
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanations:
The centrosomes are microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) that contain γ-tubulin. The microtubules grow out of this γ-tubulin in the pericentriolar material. When a cell divides, the centrosomes duplicate themselves, and thepairs move apart to the poles of the mitotic spindle, where they monitor the steps in cell division.
৮৭.
Maximum components of cell membrane
  1. ক) Protein
  2. খ) Lipid
  3. গ) Carbohydrate
  4. ঘ) Cholesterol
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Protein
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Protein
৮৮.
Which of the following is not a pupillary reflex?
  1. ক) Light reflex
  2. খ) Ciliospinal reflex
  3. গ) Accommodation reflex
  4. ঘ) Geniculoptic reflex
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Geniculoptic reflex
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ঘ) Geniculoptic reflex
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Pupillary reflexes are classified into three types: 1. Light reflex 2. Ciliospinal reflex 3. Accommodation reflex.
Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Page- 994)
৮৯.
Which of the followings does not form the pathway of light reflex?
  1. ক) Pretectal nucleus
  2. খ) Short ciliary nerve
  3. গ) Lateral geniculate body
  4. ঘ) Edinger-Westphal nucleus
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Lateral geniculate body
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
গ) Lateral geniculate body
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :

Ref : Sembulingam 6th edition (Figure- 169.1)
৯০.
Which of the followings is 2nd order neuron in auditory pathway?
  1. ক) Bipolar cells of spiral ganglion
  2. খ) Ventral cochlear nuclei
  3. গ) Superior olivary nuclei
  4. ঘ) Nucleus of lateral lemniscus
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Ventral cochlear nuclei
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
খ) Ventral cochlear nuclei
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation : Neurons of dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei in the medulla oblongata form the second order neurons of auditory pathway.
Ref : Sembulingum 6th edition (Page- 1013)
৯১.
Medial geniculate body is concerned with -
  1. ক) Audition
  2. খ) Vision
  3. গ) Olfaction
  4. ঘ) Gustation
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Audition
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
ক) Audition
ব্যাখ্যা
Medial geniculate Body is the-
-Relay station for auditory pulse