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বিষয়সমূহ

PrepBank · বিষয়ভিত্তিক প্রশ্ন

Immunopathology

মোট প্রশ্ন৭৫এই পাতা৭৫প্রতি পাতা১০০
প্রশ্ন দেখুনঅনুশীলন
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

Immunopathology

PrepBank · পাতা ১ / ১ · ১–৭৫ / ৭৫

১.
Cytokines -
  1. ক
    Biologically inactive
  2. খ
    High molecular weight
  3. গ
    Polypeptide
  4. ঘ
    Hormones
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Cytokines are the biologically active molecules, have low molecular weight
Protein or polypertides
Distinct from hormones
Usually not present in serum because they act locally near the producing cell.
২.
Heptan -
  1. ক
    Higher molecular weight
  2. খ
    Non protein substance
  3. গ
    Never cause immune response
  4. ঘ
    Higher chemical complexity
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
A hapten is a substance that can combine with a specific antibody but lacks antigenicity of its own.
Many small molecules of Mr < 1000 such as toxins, drugs and hormones are not capable of invoking immune response when injected directly into animals.
Non protein substance
They are thus not immunogenic by themselves, and are called haptens.
৩.
Components of cell mediated immunity -
  1. ক
    Helper T cell
  2. খ
    Neutrophil
  3. গ
    Lactoferrin
  4. ঘ
    Gastric juice
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Components of acquired immunity :
B & T lymphocyte
Eosinophil
Macrophage 
NK cell
Cytokine
Complement
CD4 and CD8 T cell
৪.
Campylobacter jejuni infection have been linked to
  1. ক
    ক) Gas gangrene
  2. খ
    খ) Myocarditis
  3. গ
    গ) GBS
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Inflammatory bowel disease
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Campylobacter species have been linked to GBS & post infectious reactive arthritis.
৫.
Which disease mostly affect sacroiliac joint -
  1. ক
    Psoriatic arthritis
  2. খ
    Rheumatoid arthritis
  3. গ
    SLE
  4. ঘ
    Ankylosing spondylitis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Ankylosing spondylitis involve mostly sacroiliac joint and vertebra.
৬.
Psoriatic arthopathy -
  1. ক
    Asymmetrical inflammatory oligoarthritis
  2. খ
    Ankle joint involved
  3. গ
    CRP normal
  4. ঘ
    Skip lesion
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis linked with psoriasis, a chronic skin and nail disease. Psoriasis causes red, scaly rashes and thick, pitted fingernails.
Mostly distal interphaleangeal joint involved
৭.
Example of type IV hypersensitivity -
  1. ক
    Contact dermatitis
  2. খ
    Rheumatoid arthritis
  3. গ
    Thrombotic phenomenon
  4. ঘ
    Vasculitis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Examples of illnesses resulting from type IV hypersensitivity reactions include contact dermatitis
drug hypersensitivity
GVHD
Tuberculin test
Lepromin test
Tumor immunity
Type I DM
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Erythema multiforme
৮.
Most common form of graft rejection
  1. ক
    ক) Acute humoral rejection
  2. খ
    খ) Hyperacute rejection
  3. গ
    গ) Acute cellular rejection
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Chronic allograft failure
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd, Page:- 89
৯.
Cells not involved in innate immunity
  1. ক
    ক) T lymphocyte
  2. খ
    খ) Neutrophil
  3. গ
    গ) NK cell
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Macrophage
ব্যাখ্যা
T lymphocyte is involved in cell mediated immunity
১০.
GIT secretions contain which of the following immunoglobulin?
  1. ক
    ক) IgA
  2. খ
    খ) IgG
  3. গ
    গ) IgM
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) IgE
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: GIT secretions contain seceretory immunoglobulin A
১১.
Which of the following is pathognomonic for acute rheumatic fever?
  1. ক
    ক) Carditis
  2. খ
    খ) Erythema
  3. গ
    গ) Aschoff nodules
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Polyarthritis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Aschoff nodule is Pathognomonic for acute rheumatic fever
১২.
Which is the most common form of graft rejection?
  1. ক
    ক) Hyperacute rejection
  2. খ
    খ) Acute cellular rejection
  3. গ
    গ) Acute vascular rejection
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Chronic allograft rejection
ব্যাখ্যা
Acute cellular rejection is the most common form of graft rejection
১৩.
Not the feature of SLE -
  1. ক
    Discoid rash
  2. খ
    Tenosynuvitis
  3. গ
    Serositis
  4. ঘ
    Oral ulcer
১৪.
ANA is 100% sensitive for which of the following disease?
  1. ক
    ক) Systemic sclerosis
  2. খ
    খ) Dermatomyositis
  3. গ
    গ) Rheumatoid arthritis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) SLE
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: ANA is 100% sensitive for Systemic lupus erythematosus, Autoimmune hepatitis and Mixed connective tissue disease
১৫.
Which is not the extrarticular features of rheuratoid arthritis -
  1. ক
    Fever
  2. খ
    Felty syndrome
  3. গ
    Episcleritis
  4. ঘ
    Urethritis
১৬.
Activation of complement in any pathways results in activation of
  1. ক
    ক) C3
  2. খ
    খ) C4
  3. গ
    গ) C5
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) C7
ব্যাখ্যা
Activation of complement in any pathways results in activation of C3.
১৭.
Which is not the extra articular feature of reactive arthritis -
  1. ক
    Circinate balanitis
  2. খ
    Ketatoderma blennorrhagica
  3. গ
    Buccal erosions
  4. ঘ
    Haematuria
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Extraarticular features of reactive arthritis -
Circinate balanitis
Keratoderma blennorrhagica
Nail dystrophy
Buccal erosions
১৮.
Feature of innate immunity
  1. ক
    ক) Non specific
  2. খ
    খ) Slow
  3. গ
    গ) Has memory
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Antibody dependent
১৯.
Radiographic hallmarks in RA excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Joint effusions
  2. খ
    খ) Juxta-articular osteopenia with erosions
  3. গ
    গ) Widening of the joint space
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Loss of articular cartilage
ব্যাখ্যা

Radiographic hallmarks are
 Joint effusions
 Juxta-articular osteopenia with erosions
 Narrowing of the joint space
 Loss of articular cartilage

২০.
Factor that limits entry of microorganism into body
  1. ক
    ক) Complement
  2. খ
    খ) Transferrin
  3. গ
    গ) Defensin
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Fever
ব্যাখ্যা
Defensin limits entry of microorganism into body
২১.
Passive immunity -
  1. ক
    Active participation of host
  2. খ
    Immunity starts immediately
  3. গ
    Long lasting
  4. ঘ
    Immunological memory present
২২.
Transient suppression of delayed hypersensitivity occurs in
  1. ক
    ক) AIDS
  2. খ
    খ) Measles
  3. গ
    গ) Mumps
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Polio
২৩.
Hypersensitivity in TB
  1. ক
    ক) Type-1
  2. খ
    খ) Type-2
  3. গ
    গ) Type-3
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Type-4
ব্যাখ্যা
Infection typically leads to the development of delayed hypersensitivity to M. tuberculosis antigens, which can be detected by the tuberculin (PPD, or Mantoux) skin test.
২৪.
Diagnosis of hereditary angioedema can be confirmed by measurement of level of
  1. ক
    ক) C3
  2. খ
    খ) C4
  3. গ
    গ) C1 inhibitor
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) IgE
ব্যাখ্যা
Diagnosis of hereditary angioedema can be confirmed by measurement of level of C1 inhibitor.
২৫.
Not true about JIA
  1. ক
    ক) Oligoarthritis is more common,
  2. খ
    খ) Large joints are affected more often than small joints,
  3. গ
    গ) Rheumatoid nodules and rheumatoid factor are usually present
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Antinuclear antibody (ANA) seropositivity is common.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Oligoarthritis is more common,
• Systemic disease is more frequent,
• Large joints are affected more often than small joints,
• Rheumatoid nodules and rheumatoid factor are usually absent, and
• Antinuclear antibody (ANA) seropositivity is common.
২৬.
A positive tuberculin test signifies which type of immunity?
  1. ক
    ক) T-cell mediated
  2. খ
    খ) B-cell mediated
  3. গ
    গ) Complement mediated
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Phaogocyte mediated
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: A positive tuberculin test signifies T-cell–mediated immunity to mycobacterial antigens but does not differentiate between infection and active disease.
২৭.
Which immune cell is initiate autoimmune reaction in rheumatoid arthritis -
  1. ক
    NK cell
  2. খ
    CD4 + T lymphocyte
  3. গ
    CD8 + T lymphocyte
  4. ঘ
    Macrophage
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
CD4 + T helper cells may initiate the autoimmune response in RA by reacting arthritogenic agent.
২৮.
Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity
  1. ক
    ক) Allergic disease
  2. খ
    খ) Goodpasture’s disease
  3. গ
    গ) SLE
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Type 1 diabetes
ব্যাখ্যা
SLE is Immune complex mediated hypersensitivity
২৯.
Criteria oaf arthritis in SLE excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Symmetrical
  2. খ
    খ) Mechanical
  3. গ
    গ) Principally affects small joint
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Joints of hands & feet are involved
ব্যাখ্যা
• RA typically manifests as a symmetric arthritis principally affecting the small joints of the hand and feet.
৩০.
Clinical menifestation of anaphylaxis except ( type I hypersensitivity) -
  1. ক
    Bradycardia
  2. খ
    Btonchospasm
  3. গ
    Hypotension
  4. ঘ
    Urticaria
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Symptoms
Skin reactions, including hives and itching and flushed or pale skin.
Low blood pressure (hypotension)
Constriction of the airways and a swollen tongue or throat, which can cause wheezing and trouble breathing.
A weak and rapid pulse.
Nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
Dizziness or fainting.
৩১.
Minor manifestation of rheumatic fever
  1. ক
    ক) Carditis
  2. খ
    খ) Arthalgia
  3. গ
    গ) Chorea
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Erythema marginatum
ব্যাখ্যা
Others are major criteria
৩২.
Guillain Barre syndrome -
  1. ক
    Disease of CNS
  2. খ
    Related to desending paralysis
  3. গ
    2/3rd cases recovered spontaneously
  4. ঘ
    Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Guillain Barre syndrome ( Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy) 
Causing ascending paralysis
Disease of perpheral nervous system.
৩৩.
Coombs test is used for detecting -
  1. ক
    Haemolytic autoantibody
  2. খ
    Fetal aneuploidy
  3. গ
    Antigen detection
  4. ঘ
    Hepatitis B viral DNA
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Direct coombs test - Haemolytic autoantibody 
Indirect coombs test -
Rh antibody.
৩৪.
Radiographic abnormalities of Rheumatoid arthritis is
  1. ক
    ক) Osteophytes
  2. খ
    খ) Joint space narrowing
  3. গ
    গ) Subchondral sclerosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Joint deformity
ব্যাখ্যা

Radiographic abnormalities of Rheumatoid arthritis are:
 Periarticular osteoporosis
 Marginal joint erosions
 Joint subluxation
 Joint space narrowing

৩৫.
Mediator of passive immunity
  1. ক
    ক) Antibody only
  2. খ
    খ) T cells only
  3. গ
    গ) Both of them
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) None of them
৩৬.
Location of class I MHC -
  1. ক
    RBC
  2. খ
    Free in plasma
  3. গ
    Platelets
  4. ঘ
    None of the above
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Class I - Present in all nucleated cell and platelet
Class II - Present in antigen presenting cell ( Macrophage,B- cell,Dendritic cell) 
Class III - Remains free in plasma.
৩৭.
Mechanism of hyperacute transplant rejection -
  1. ক
    CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte
  2. খ
    Preformed antibody
  3. গ
    T and B lymphocyte
  4. ঘ
    Cytokine related
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Hyperacute rejection:
Occurs within minutes to hours 
Due to preformed antibody and complement activation (type II hypersensitivity) 
৩৮.
Which is not seronegetive arthopathy -
  1. ক
    Psoriatic arthopathy
  2. খ
    Reactive arthritis
  3. গ
    Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
  4. ঘ
    Enteropathic arthritis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Seronegetive arthritis -
Reactive arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Enteropathic arthritis
৩৯.
In which disease failure of thymic development occur ?
  1. ক
    ক) Common variable immune deficiency
  2. খ
    খ) Severe combined immune deficiency
  3. গ
    গ) Selective IgA deficiency
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) DiGeorge syndrome
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Davidson 23rd , Page : 80 , Fig : 4.12
৪০.
Hallmark of SLE
  1. ক
    ক) Female predominant
  2. খ
    খ) Joint involvement
  3. গ
    গ) Skin rash
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Production of autoantibodies
ব্যাখ্যা
The hallmark of SLE is the production of autoantibodies Antibodies to double-stranded DNA and the so-called Smith (Sm) antigen are virtually diagnostic of SLE.
৪১.
Which is not clinical triad of Grave's disease -
  1. ক
    Goiter
  2. খ
    Ophthalmoplagia
  3. গ
    Exophthalmos
  4. ঘ
    Pretibial myxoedema
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Clinical triad of Grave's disease :
Goiter
Exophthalmos
Pretibial myxoedema
৪২.
Rhematoid arthritis -
  1. ক
    Male : Female = 1:3
  2. খ
    No muscle wasting
  3. গ
    Age 2nd decade
  4. ঘ
    Thrombocytopenia present
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Rheumatoid arthritis :
Affect 3rd to 5th decade
Male : Female - 1:5
Anaemia present
Limitation of movement and muscle wasting
৪৩.
Immune mediated disease caused by S. pyogenes
  1. ক
    ক) Impetigo
  2. খ
    খ) Scarlet fever
  3. গ
    গ) Toxic shock
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Rheumatic fever
৪৪.
Secondary TB mostly occurs due to
  1. ক
    ক) AIDS
  2. খ
    খ) Aging
  3. গ
    গ) Immaturity
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Malnourishment
ব্যাখ্যা

Secondary TB arises with reactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
1. Reactivation is commonly due to AIDS; may also be seen with aging
2. Occurs at apex of lung (high oxygen tension)

৪৫.
Which is not DMARD -
  1. ক
    Methotrexate
  2. খ
    Sulfasalazine
  3. গ
    Rifampicine
  4. ঘ
    Hydroxychloroquine
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
The most common conventional DMARDs are methotrexate, sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, and leflunomide. Azathioprine and other drugs are used much less frequently. 
৪৬.
Congenital immune deficiency related to B cell
  1. ক
    ক) SCID
  2. খ
    খ) DiGeorges syndrome
  3. গ
    গ) Cgronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Bruton’s agammaglobulinaemia
৪৭.
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction occurs in tuberculosis?
  1. ক
    ক) I
  2. খ
    খ) II
  3. গ
    গ) III
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) IV
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Delayed type of hypesensitivity.
৪৮.
B cell immunodeficiency states are -
  1. ক
    Di George syndrome
  2. খ
    Hyper IgM syndrome
  3. গ
    Selective IgA deficiency
  4. ঘ
    Heriditary angioedema
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
B cell immunodeficiency -
X linked hypogummaglobulinaemia 
Selective immunoglobulin deficiencies. 
৪৯.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with which type of hypersensitivity?
  1. ক
    ক) Type-I
  2. খ
    খ) Type-II
  3. গ
    গ) Type-III
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Type-IV
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated with type-IV hypersensitivity
৫০.
Type of hypersensitivity in SLE
  1. ক
    ক) 1
  2. খ
    খ) 2
  3. গ
    গ) 3
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) 4
ব্যাখ্যা
- The fundamental defect in SLE is a failure of the mechanisms that maintain self-tolerance.
- Most of the systemic lesions are caused by immune complexes (type III hypersensitivity).
৫১.
Which is key determinant of antigen presentation to T-cell?
  1. ক
    ক) HLA complex
  2. খ
    খ) PTPN22
  3. গ
    গ) CTLA4
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) IL23R
ব্যাখ্যা
HLA complex is key determinant of antigen presentation to T-cell.
৫২.
Radiographic hallmarks in RA excludes
  1. ক
    ক) Joint effusions
  2. খ
    খ) Juxta-articular osteopenia with erosions
  3. গ
    গ) Widening of the joint space
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Loss of articular cartilage
ব্যাখ্যা

Radiographic hallmarks are
• Joint effusions
• Juxta-articular osteopenia with erosions
• Narrowing of the joint space
• Loss of articular cartilage

৫৩.
Memory cells are present in case of -
  1. ক
    ক) Eosinophil
  2. খ
    খ) B lymphocyte
  3. গ
    গ) Mast cell
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Macrophage
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Lange microbiology/14th/P-514
৫৪.
Complement products are produced in
  1. ক
    ক) Liver
  2. খ
    খ) Kidney
  3. গ
    গ) Oral mucosa
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Gall bladder
ব্যাখ্যা
Complement products are produced in liver
৫৫.
Chronic rheumatic heart disease is usually affecting which of the following heart valve?
  1. ক
    ক) Aortic
  2. খ
    খ) Pulmonary
  3. গ
    গ) Mitral
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Tricuspid
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Chronic rheumatic heart disease most commonly affects the mitral valve and is responsible for 99% of acquired mitral stenosis
৫৬.
Major criteria of rheumatic fever -
  1. ক
    Fever
  2. খ
    Arthalgia
  3. গ
    Chorea
  4. ঘ
    Raised ESR
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Major criteria of rheumatic fever :
Carditis 
Polyarthritis( migratory) 
Chorea
Erythema marginatum
Subcutaneous nodules
Minor criteria :
Fever
Arthalgia
Previous rheumatic fever
Raised ESR
Leucocytosis
First degree AV block
৫৭.
Which of the following is the hallmark of SLE?
  1. ক
    ক) Oral ulcer
  2. খ
    খ) Joint hypermobility
  3. গ
    গ) Skin rash
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Production of autoantibodies
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: The hallmark of SLE is the production of autoantibodies Antibodies to double-stranded DNA and the so-called Smith (Sm) antigen are virtually diagnostic of SLE.
৫৮.
Which antibody associated with SLE except -
  1. ক
    Anti Ds DNA
  2. খ
    ANA
  3. গ
    Anti Sm antibody
  4. ঘ
    ACPA
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Antibody raised in SLE :
ANA
Anti Ds DNA
Anti phospholipid antibody
Anti Sm antibody 

ACPA is anti citrullinated peptide antibodies raised in rheumatoid arthritis. 
৫৯.
Which is not the symptoms of Rheumatic carditis -
  1. ক
    Dyspnea
  2. খ
    Chest pain
  3. গ
    Pulmonary oedema
  4. ঘ
    Swelling of the legs
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
Symptoms of rheumatic carditis -
Dyspnoea 
Syncope
Chest pain,palpitation
Swelling of the legs.
৬০.
Seropositive arthritis -
  1. ক
    Septic arthritis
  2. খ
    Rheumatoid arthritis
  3. গ
    IBD associated arthopathy
  4. ঘ
    Gout
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
Seropositive arthritis -
Rheumatoid arthritis 
Systemic lupus erythromatosus ( SLE) 
৬১.
A positive tuberculin test signifies ... mediated immunity to mycobacterial antigen
  1. ক
    ক) T-cell
  2. খ
    খ) B-cell
  3. গ
    গ) NK cell
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) AP cell
ব্যাখ্যা
A positive tuberculin test signifies T-cell–mediated immunity to mycobacterial antigens but does not differentiate between infection and active disease.
৬২.
Component of innate immunity that create pore in microbial membrane
  1. ক
    ক) Lysozyme
  2. খ
    খ) Cilia
  3. গ
    গ) Phagocytes
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Defensins
৬৩.
Complement acting as opsonin is
  1. ক
    ক) C3b
  2. খ
    খ) C6а
  3. গ
    গ) C5b
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) C4b
ব্যাখ্যা
Complement acting as opsonin is C3b
৬৪.
IgM -
  1. ক
    Immunoglobulin of secondary immune response
  2. খ
    Cause type IV hypersensitivity
  3. গ
    Monomeric always
  4. ঘ
    Acts as a antigen receptor on B cell
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
IgM -
Immunoglobulin of primary immune response 
Responsible for type II & Type III hypersensitivity
Acts a antigen receptor on B cell
Its a polymeric / pentameric form containing J chain
Highest molecular weight
৬৫.
False-negative reactions in MT may occur in all of the following except
  1. ক
    ক) Sarcoidosis
  2. খ
    খ) Malnutrition
  3. গ
    গ) Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Immunosuppression
ব্যাখ্যা
False-negative reactions may occur in the setting of certain viral infections, sarcoidosis, malnutrition, Hodgkin lymphoma, immunosuppression,
৬৬.
Activation of complement can be induced by -
  1. ক
    ক) IgD
  2. খ
    খ) IgM
  3. গ
    গ) IgA
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) IgE
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Lange microbiology/14th/P-542
৬৭.
Rheumatic heart disease most commonly affects
  1. ক
    ক) Mitral valve
  2. খ
    খ) Tricuspid valve
  3. গ
    গ) Aortic valve
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Pulmonary valve
ব্যাখ্যা
• It most commonly affects the mitral valve and is responsible for 99% of acquired mitral stenosis
৬৮.
‘Malar rash’ is a characteristic feature of which of the following?
  1. ক
    ক) SLE
  2. খ
    খ) RA
  3. গ
    গ) systemic sclerosis
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Osteoarthritis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: Malar rash of systemic lupus erythematosus, sparing the nasolabial folds. The rash is notably similar to rosacea
৬৯.
The mantoux test -
  1. ক
    Is positive in all patient with tuberculosis
  2. খ
    Involves injecting PPD intradermally
  3. গ
    Is more sensitive than light microscopy
  4. ঘ
    Become postive within 1 week of acquiring tuberculosis
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation -
The Mantoux test or Mendel–Mantoux test or PPD test for purified protein derivative, is a tool for screening for tuberculosis (TB) and for tuberculosis diagnosis. 
Not specific
Many false positive/ negetive results
Is not diagnostic of tuberculosis
Positive 4-6 weeks after infection of tuberculosis.
৭০.
Central tolerance of the immune system takes place in -
  1. ক
    ক) Bone marrow
  2. খ
    খ) Lymph nodes
  3. গ
    গ) Spleen
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Tonsils
ব্যাখ্যা
Reference: Lange microbiology/14th/P-568
৭১.
Key inflammatory cell in asthma
  1. ক
    ক) Neutrophil
  2. খ
    খ) Eosinophil
  3. গ
    গ) Basophil
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Macrophage
ব্যাখ্যা
• Asthma is characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction caused by airway hyperresponsiveness to a variety of stimuli.
• Atopic asthma is caused by a TH2 and IgE-mediated immunologic reaction to environmental allergens
• Eosinophils are key inflammatory cells found in almost all subtypes of asthma
৭২.
DMRD in rheumatoid arthritis are -
  1. ক
    Infliximab
  2. খ
    Sulfasalazine
  3. গ
    Indomethacin
  4. ঘ
    Ketorolac
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
DMRD used in rheumatoid arthritis -
Meyhotrexate
Sulfasalazine
Hydtoxychloroquine
Leflunomide
৭৩.
Which of the following immunoglobulin is greatly associated with B.asthma?
  1. ক
    ক) IgA
  2. খ
    খ) IgE
  3. গ
    গ) IgG
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) IgM
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation: IgE is associated with B.asthma.
৭৪.
Pentamer immunoglobulin -
  1. ক
    IgG
  2. খ
    IgM
  3. গ
    IgA
  4. ঘ
    IgE
ব্যাখ্যা
Explanation :
IgM is the only immunoglobulin can become monomer or pentamer.
৭৫.
Mechanism of immune deficiency in malnutrition
  1. ক
    ক) Transient suppression of delayed hypersensitivity
  2. খ
    খ) Killing of helper T cell
  3. গ
    গ) Reduce synthesis of IgG
  4. ঘ
    ঘ) Suppression of antibody response to new antigen