Comparative and Superlative Degree

PrepBank · পাতা ১ / ৬ · ১–১০০ / ৫৬১

১.

Which sentence doesn't use the positive degree?

ক
Very few private banks are as old as AB Bank PLC.
খ
Very few films are as impactful as "Schindler's List."
গ
Pubali Bank PLC is larger than any other private bank in Bangladesh.
ঘ
No other bank is as cooperative as EBL PLC.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Pubali Bank PLC is larger than any other private bank in Bangladesh. - Comparative Degree.

• Positive Degree চেনার উপায়:
→ Positive Degree- তে "Very few....as...as/so....as....." অথবা "No other.....as....as...." বসে।

• Comparative Degree চেনার উপায়:
→ Comparative Degree- তে "than any other/than all other/than most other" বসে।

অপশন আলোচনা:
→ Very few private banks are as old as AB Bank PLC. - Positive Degree
→ Very few films are as impactful as "Schindler's List." - Positive Degree
→ No other bank is as cooperative as EBL PLC. - Positive Degree

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.

২.

Sami is as clever as Shihab. (Make it Comparative)

ক
Sami is not less clever than Shihab.
খ
Shihab is not less cleverer than Sami.
গ
Sami is not less cleverer than Shihab.
ঘ
Shihab is not clever than Sami.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Structure: as + adjective/as যুক্ত positive sentence কে দুইভাবে comparative করা যায়:
- Subject ঠিক থাকে এবং not less + positive degree বসে।
- যেমন:
Positive: Fahim is as good as Farabi.
Comparative: Fahim is not less good than Farabi.

• অথবা,
Object - Subject হয়ে বসে + not + comparative degree বসে।
Positive: Fahim is as good as Farabi.
Comparative: Farabi is not better than Fahim.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর -
Positive: Sami is as clever as Shihab.
Comparative: Sami is not less clever than Shihab.
অথবা Shihab is not cleverer than Sami.

৩.

Sumon is as intelligent as Rumon. ( make it comparative)

ক
ক) Rumon is not more intelligent than Sumon.
খ
খ) Sumon is not more intelligent than Rumon.
গ
গ) Sumon is less intelligent than Rumon.
ঘ
ঘ) Sumon is more intelligent than Rumon.

ব্যাখ্যা

এ রকম Positive Degree যুক্ত বাক্যের সঠিক Comparative ২ ভাবে হতে পারে।

প্রথম পদ্ধতি:
1. Subject- Object হয়, Object - Subject হয়।
2. Affirmative -Negative হয়, Negative- Affirmative হয়।
3. Degree change হয়।
4. Indicator Change হয় (as... as/ so....as --> than)।
এ নিয়মে সঠিক উত্তর - Rumon is not more intelligent than Sumon.

অন্য নিয়ম হচ্ছে more এর পরিবর্তে less যোগ করা। আর তখন “Subject- Object হয়, Object - Subject হয়” এ কাজ প্রযোজ্য হবে না।
এ নিয়মে সঠিক উত্তর - Sumon is not less intelligent than Rumon.
not না থাকায় (গ) ভুল।

৪.

No other country is as peaceful as Switzerland. [Superlative]

ক
Switzerland is the peaceful country.
খ
Switzerland is the most peaceful country.
গ
Switzerland is one of the most peaceful country.
ঘ
Switzerland is one of the most peaceful countries.

ব্যাখ্যা

Positive: No other country is as peaceful as Switzerland.
Superlative: Switzerland is the most peaceful country.

• No other যুক্ত Positive degree কে Superlative করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে no other বাদ যাবে।
- Object (Positive degree -এর পরের) টি Subject হয়ে বসবে।
- তারপর verb বসবে।
- এরপর the + superlative degree বসবে।
- no other এর পরের Subject টি Object হয়ে বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

More examples:
- Positive: No other person is as good as Nahid in the team.
- Superlative: Nahid is the best person in the team.

Other options,
ক) Switzerland is the peaceful country.
→ এটি Superlative নয়।

গ) Switzerland is one of the most peaceful country.
→ Singular + “one of the most” → ভুল।

ঘ) Switzerland is one of the most peaceful countries.
→ Very few যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Superlative Degree তে পরিবর্তন করার সময় One of the + superlative degree বসবে।মূল বাক্যে অনুযায়ী “one of the” ব্যবহার করা প্রয়োজন নেই।
-----------

• Very few যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Superlative Degree তে পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম -
- প্রথমে very few বাদ যাবে।
- এরপর One of the + superlative degree বসবে।
- এর পাশাপাশি Subject - Object এবং Object - Subject হয়ে বসবে।

• যেমন
- Positive: Very few books are as interesting as Harry Potter.
- Superlative: Harry Potter is one of the most interesting books.

৫.

This train is faster than most other trains in the country. (make it superlative)

ক
This train is one of the fastest trains in the country.
খ
This train is the fastest train in the country.
গ
Very few trains are the fastest as this trains in the country.
ঘ
Some trains are the fastest trains in the country.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Comparative: This train is faster than most other trains in the country.
- Superlative: This train is one of the fastest trains in the country.

• Than most other/ than few other যুক্ত Comparative Degree কে Superlative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রথমেই প্রথম Subject বসে + Verb বসে।
- এরপর one of the + Comparative Degree-এর Superlative form + Plural noun বসে।
- সব শেষে most other/ few other এর পরের অংশ।

• More examples:
- Comparative: He is stronger than most other players in the team.
- Superlative: He is one of the strongest players in the team.

৬.

Abir is taller than all other boys. (Change into superlative)

ক
ক) Abir is the tallest boy among all.
খ
খ) Abir is the most tallest boys.
গ
গ) No other boy is as tall as Abir.
ঘ
ঘ) Abir is the tallest of all boys.

ব্যাখ্যা

- প্রদত্ত sentence টি Comparative degree তে আছে।
•Than all other যুক্ত Comparative degree কে superlative degree তে রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Subject + verb + the + comparative degree এর superlative form + other এর পরের অংশ।

সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে: Abir is the tallest of all boys.

Source : Advancer Learner's HSC Communicative English by Chowdhury & Hussain.

৭.

I hate such things. Here, 'such' is-

ক
Distributive pronoun
খ
Demonstrative adjective
গ
Indefinite pronoun
ঘ
Emphasizing adjective

ব্যাখ্যা

• I hate such things.
- Here, 'such' is- Demonstrative adjective.

• Demonstrative adjective
- Demonstrative pronoun (this, that, these, those, such, the same) যখন কোনো person অথবা thing কে বোঝায় তখন তাকে Demonstrative adjective বলে।
- অর্থাৎ, এগুলো তখন adjective-এর মত কাজ করে।
- যেমন: I hate such things.
- এই বাক্যে 'such' - things কে modify করছে। তাই এটি Demonstrative adjective.

• অন্যদিকে,
ক) Distributive pronoun
- যে সকল pronoun দুই বা ততোধিক ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর প্রত্যেককে পৃথকভাবে বুঝায় তাদেরকে Distributive Pronoun বলে।
- যেমন: each, every, either, neither ইত্যাদি।

গ) Indefinite pronoun
- অনির্দিষ্ট ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু কে বোঝাতে যে Pronoun ব্যবহৃত হয় সে pronoun কে Indefinite Pronoun বলে।
- যেমন: All, one, none, anyone, some ইত্যাদি।

ঘ) Emphasizing adjective
- যে শব্দগুলো জোরসূচক adjective রূপে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাদেরকে Emphasizing adjective বলে।
- যেমন: own, very ইত্যাদি।

Source:
1. High School English Grammar and Composition by Wren And Martin.
2. A passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৮.

Comparative form of 'He is as clever as a fox.'

ক
ক) He is cleverer than a fox.
খ
খ) A fox is cleverer than him.
গ
গ) A fox is not as clever as him.
ঘ
ঘ) A fox is not clever than him.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Structure: as + adjective/as যুক্ত positive sentence কে দুইভাবে comparative করা যায়:
- Subject ঠিক থাকে এবং not less+ positive degree বসে।
- যেমন:
Positive: Fahim is as good as Farabi.
Comparative: Fahim is not less good than Farabi.

• অথবা,
Object- Subject হয়ে বসে + not + comparative degree + than বসে।
যেমন:
Positive: Fahim is as good as Farabi.
Comparative: Farabi is not better than Fahim.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - A fox is not clever than him.

৯.

Very few cities are as romantic as Paris. [Comparative]

ক
Paris is more romantic then most other cities.
খ
Paris is more romantic than any other cities.
গ
Paris is more romantic than other cities.
ঘ
Paris is more romantic than most other cities.

ব্যাখ্যা

Positive: Very few cities are as romantic as Paris.
Comparative: Paris is more romantic than most other cities.

• Very few যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Comparative Degree-তে পরিণত করার নিয়ম:-
- প্রদত্ত Sentence-এর শেষের Subject বসে।
- তারপর Verb বসে।
- Positive Degree এর Comparative form বসে।
- than most other বসে।
- very few-এর পর থেকে verb-এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।

Structure: প্রদত্ত Sentence-এর শেষের Subject + Verb + Positive Degree এর Comparative form + than most other + very few-এর পর থেকে verb-এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত অংশ।

Example:
Positive: Very few metals are as costly as gold.
Comp: Gold is costlier than most other metals.

Options,

ক) Paris is more romantic then most other cities.
- এখানে "then" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, যা ভুল।
- তুলনা করার জন্য "than" ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

খ) Paris is more romantic than any other cities.
- "any other cities" plural form ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে, তাই এটি ভুল।

গ) Paris is more romantic than other cities.
- than most other বসে, তাই এটি ভুল।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.

১০.

New York is the biggest cities of the world. (Make it comparative)

ক
ক) There is no big city as New York.
খ
খ) There is no other biggest city as New York.
গ
গ) The New York is bigger cities than others.
ঘ
ঘ) New York is bigger than many other cities in the world.

ব্যাখ্যা

New York is bigger than many other cities in the world.
বাংলা অনুবাদ= নিউইয়র্ক শহরটি পৃথিবীর অন্যান্য শহরের তুলনায় অনেক বড়।

Comparative degree:
Structure- Subject + be Verb + Adjective (Comparative) + than + many other + Subject 2 (plural) + phrase

Bangla Defination: দুটি noun বা pronoun-এর গুণ, দোষ, অবস্থা প্রভৃতির তুলনা করতে adjective-এর যে রূপ ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Comparative Degree বলে।
English Defination: The form of adjective which compares two nouns’ or pronouns’ quality, flaw or state is called Comparative degree.

Reference: Applied Grammar, PC Das

১১.

Very few cars are as luxurious as Rolls-Royce. (Make it superlative)

ক
Rolls-Royce are one of the most luxurious cars.
খ
Rolls-Royce is one of the most luxurious car.
গ
Rolls-Royce is the most luxurious cars.
ঘ
Rolls-Royce is one of the most luxurious cars.

ব্যাখ্যা

Positive to superlative:
• Positive degree তে very few থাকলে Superlative degree তে one of the হয়।
- প্রথমে Object 'Rolls-Royce', Subject হয়।
- তারপর Indicator Change করতে হবে, 'Very few' ও 'as-as' উঠে তার পরিবর্তে one of the বসে।
- Positive degree এর superlative form বসে।
- তারপর Subject 'cars' টি Object হিসেবে শেষে বসে।

Positive: Very few cars are as luxurious as Rolls-Royce.
Superlative: Rolls-Royce is one of the most luxurious cars.

More Example:
Positive: Very few musicians are as talented as Mozart.
Superlative: Mozart is one of the most talented musicians.

১২.

Questions 16 to 20: Replace the underlined part of each sentence with the option which is grammatically correct.
16. Arguably one of the worse crises in living memory, the present pandemc has claimed lives across the world.

ক
Arguably one of the worse crises in living memory.
খ
Arguably one of the worse crises in living memories.
গ
By being arguably one of the worse crises in living memory.
ঘ
Arguably one of the worst crises in living memory.
ঙ
Arguably in one of the worse crises in living memory.

ব্যাখ্যা

• উল্লিখিত বাক্যের আন্ডারলাইনকৃত অংশের সঠিক replacement টি হচ্ছে - Arguably one of the worst crises in living memory.
- One of the থাকায় বুঝা যাচ্ছে, বাক্যটি superlative degreeতে আছে।

• One of the এর ব্যবহার:
- 'one of the' superlative degree তে ব্যবহার হয়।
- তাই adjective এর superlative form ব্যবহার হবে।
- 'worse' এর superlative form হচ্ছে 'worst'.

• তাই, সঠিক উত্তরটি হচ্ছে - Arguably one of the worst crises in living memory,
Complete sentence: Arguably one of the worst crises in living memory, the present pandemic has claimed lives across the world.

১৩.

The greater the demand ____ the price.

ক
the high
খ
high
গ
higher
ঘ
the higher

ব্যাখ্যা

• The greater the demand, the higher the price.

- সমানুপাতিক বৃদ্ধি বা হ্রাসের ক্ষেত্রে parallelism নীতি অনুসরণ করতে হয়।
- The + comparative degree….the comparative degree হয়।
- সুতরাং, The greater the demand the higher the price.

More Example:
1. The more you practice, the better you'll become at playing the piano.
2. The earlier you start studying, the easier the exam will be.

3. The more effort you put into your work, the greater your success will be.
4. The faster he runs, the happier he feels.

5. The more they save, the more they can invest in their future.
6. The older she gets, the wiser she becomes.

১৪.

The chain was ____ than we thought.

ক
ক) strongest
খ
খ) strong
গ
গ) much Strong
ঘ
ঘ) stronger

ব্যাখ্যা

- দুটি ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর মধ্যে একটির দোষ বা গুণের তুলনা করা হলে গুণটির (Adjective) Comparative degree বসে এবং Compative degree এর পরে than বসে।
- e.g. He is taller than his uncle.

১৫.

Which is the example of a comparative degree?

ক
Least
খ
Little
গ
Much
ঘ
Less

ব্যাখ্যা

• Little শব্দের comparative degree 'less' এবং superlative degree 'least'.
• Much/many শব্দের comparative degree 'more' এবং superlative degree 'most'.
কতিপয় adjective এর comparative ও superlative অনিয়মিতভাবে গঠিত হয়।
যেমন :
• Bad, evil, ill এর Comparative- worse এবং Superlative- worst.
• Good, Well এর Comparative- better এবং Superlative- best.
• Fore এর Comparative- former এবং Superlative- foremost, first.
• Hinder এর Comparative- hinder এবং Superlative- hindermost.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S.M Zakir Hussain.

১৬.

Rashid is better than any other player in the team. (Make it Superlative)

ক
ক) Rashid is the good player in the team.
খ
খ) Rashid is the best player in the team.
গ
গ) Rashid who is the best player in the team.
ঘ
ঘ) Rashid is the better player in the team.

ব্যাখ্যা

- প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের Superlative degree হচ্ছে Rashid is the best player in the team.

• Comparative থেকে superlative করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে -
Subject + verb + the + Comparative এর superlative form + other এর পরের অংশ।

Example:
Comparative: Rashid is better than any other player in the team.
Superlative: Rashid is the best player in the team.

১৭.

Select the correct comparative form of the sentence. 'Rocky is the best of all men.'

ক
ক) Rocky is better than all other men.
খ
খ) Rocky is better than every men.
গ
গ) Rocky is better then all other men.
ঘ
ঘ) Rocky is better than most of other men.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Superlative থেকে comparative form করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে-

• প্রথমে Subject বসবে।
- verb বসবে।
- Superlative এর comparative form বসবে।
- of all থাকলে এর পরিবর্তে than all other বসবে।
- প্রদত্ত sentence বাকী অংশ।

Superlative: Rocky is the best of all men.
Comparative: Rocky is better than all other men.

১৮.

(Q. 9-11) Complete the sentences with the best possible solutions, if any.
The more she worked, ________.

ক
ক) the less she achieved
খ
খ) she did not achieve enough
গ
গ) she achieved not enough
ঘ
ঘ) She was achieving less

ব্যাখ্যা

• যত ........... তত বুঝাতে Comparative degree হয়।
- অর্থাৎ, The more + Comparative degree + ............., The more + Comparative degree + ........ ব্যবহার হয়।
- যেমন: The more she worked, the less she achieved.

১৯.

Identify the correct positive form of the sentence: She is the best house wife.

ক
ক) Very few house wife is so good as she.
খ
খ) Very few house wifves are so good as she.
গ
গ) No other house wife is so good as she.
ঘ
ঘ) No other house wife so good as she is.

ব্যাখ্যা

• The + Superlative degree যুক্ত বাক্যকে positive degree তে এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
1) No other +
2) Superlative degree এর পরের অংশ +
3) Verb +
4) So +
5) Superlative degree এর Positive form +
6) as +
7) প্রদত্ত Sentence এর Subject.

Superlative degree: She is the best house wife.
Positive degree: No other house wife is so good as she.

আরো কিছু উদাহরণ:
Superlative degree: Milk is the most nutritious food.
Positive degree: No other food is as nutritious as milk.

Superlative degree: He is the wisest man in the village.
Positive degree: No other man in the village is so wise as he.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hassanin.

২০.

No other river in Bangladesh is as long as the Padma. (Make it comparative)

ক
Padma is longer than most other river in Bangladesh.
খ
Padma is longer than other river in Bangladesh.
গ
Padma is longer than any other river in Bangladesh.
ঘ
Padma is longer than the any other river in Bangladesh.

ব্যাখ্যা

• No other যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর শেষের Subject টি প্রথমে বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Verb বসে।
- Positive Degree এর Comparative Degree বসে।
- than any other বসে।
- No other এরপর থেকে Verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে।

• Positive Degree: No other river in Bangladesh is as long as the Padma.
• Comparative Degree: Padma is longer than any other river in Bangladesh.

(মাঝে মধ্যে As এর পরিবর্তে So negative অর্থে এ ব্যবহার করা হয়।)

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

২১.

Raju is the best player in the team. (Comparative)

ক
ক) Very few players in the team are as good as Raju.
খ
খ) Raju is a good player in the class.
গ
গ) Raju is better than any other player in the team.
ঘ
ঘ) Raju is better than any other players in the team.

ব্যাখ্যা

Structure of Comparative sentence : Sub + be verb + Comparative form + than any other + বাকি অংশ।

২২.

Abir is as punctual as Jabir. ( make it comparative)

ক
ক) Jabir is not more punctual than Abir.
খ
খ) Abir is not more punctual than Jabir.
গ
গ) Abir is less punctual than Jabir.
ঘ
ঘ) Abir is more punctual than Jabir.

ব্যাখ্যা

এ রকম Positive Degree যুক্ত বাক্যের সঠিক Comparative ২ ভাবে হতে পারে।

প্রথম পদ্ধতি:
1. Subject- Object হয়, Object - Subject হয়।
2. Affirmative -Negative হয়, Negative- Affirmative হয়।
3. Degree change হয়।
4. Indicator Change হয় (as... as/ so....as --> than)।
এ নিয়মে সঠিক উত্তর - Jabir is not more punctual than Abir.

অন্য নিয়ম হচ্ছে more এর পরিবর্তে less যোগ করা। আর তখন “Subject- Object হয়, Object - Subject হয়” এ কাজ প্রযোজ্য হবে না। এ নিয়মে সঠিক উত্তর - Abir is not less punctual than Jabir. তাই not না থাকায় (গ) ভুল।

২৩.

Raha is as smart as Rupali. (comparative)

ক
Raha is not smarter then Rupali.
খ
Rupali is not smarter than Raha.
গ
Raha is smarter than Rupali.
ঘ
Rupali is not smarter as Raha.

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে প্রদত্ত sentence টি Positive sentence.

• Positive to comparative:
- As….as যুক্ত Positive sentence কে comparative করার সময় As….as উঠে যায়।
- প্রশ্নে প্রদত্ত প্রথম Noun টি শেষে এবং শেষের Noun টি প্রথমে বসবে।
- Adjective এর comparative degree হবে এবং than বসবে।
- Affirmative sentence টি negative sentence হবে।

তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর: Rupali is not smarter than Raha.

২৪.

English is one of the best languages in the world. (positive)

ক
Very few languages in the world are as good as English.
খ
No other language in the world is so good as English.
গ
English is good than any other language.
ঘ
Very few languages is as good as English.

ব্যাখ্যা

The correct answer is - ক) Very few languages in the world are as good as English.

One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Positive Degree তে রূপান্তর করার নিয়মঃ-
(i) প্রথমে very few বসে + (ii) superlative degree এর পরের অংশ বসে+ (iii) verb এর plural form বসে + (iv) as বসে + (vi) Superlative degree এর positive from বসে + (v) as বসে + (vii) প্রদত্ত sentence এর Subject বসে।

Structure: Very few + superlative degree এর পরের অংশ + verb এর plural form + so + superlative degree এর positive form + as প্রদত্ত sentence এর subject।

Sup.: English is one of the best languages of the world.
Pos.: Very few languages in the world are as good as English.

Sup.: Chittagong is one of the largest sea-ports in Bangladesh.
Pos.: Very few sea-ports of Bangladesh are as large as chittagong.

Sup.: London is one of the biggest cities of the world.
Pos.: Very few cities of the world are as big as London.

Other Options
খ) No other language in the world is so good as English.
- বাংলায় অর্থ: বিশ্বের অন্য কোনো ভাষাই ইংরেজির মতো ভালো নয়।
- এটি superlative degree → negative degree রূপান্তরের জন্য ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- positive রূপ নয়, তাই বাক্যটি ঠিক নয়।

গ) English is good than any other language.
- এটি ব্যাকরণগতভাবে ভুল। “good than” এর পরিবর্তে “better than” হওয়া উচিত ছিল।
- এটি comparative degree এর ভুল প্রয়োগ।
- এটি positive রূপ নয়।

ঘ) Very few languages is as good as English.
- এখানে grammatical ভুল রয়েছে।
- “languages” একটি plural noun, তাই "is" নয়, "are" ব্যবহার করতে হবে।

Source: 1. A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.
2. Advance Learner's Communication English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.

২৫.

Mohsina is taller than all other girls. (Superlative)

ক
Mohsina is the tallest girl among all.
খ
No other girl is as tall as Mohsina.
গ
Mohsina is the most tallest girls.
ঘ
Mohsina is the tallest of all girls.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Comparative: Mohsina is taller than all other girls.
• Superlative: Mohsina is the tallest of all girls.

• Than all other যুক্ত Comparative degree কে superlative degree তে রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Subject + verb + the + comparative degree এর superlative form + other এর পরের অংশ।

২৬.

Chittagong is one of the largest seaports in the region. (Make it comparative)

ক
Chittagong is more larger any than other seaports in the region.
খ
Chittagong is more larger than most other seaports in the region.
গ
Chittagong is larger than any other seaport in the region.
ঘ
Chittagong is larger than most other seaports in the region.

ব্যাখ্যা

Superlative: Chittagong is one of the largest seaports in the region.
Comparative: Chittagong is larger than most other seaports in the region.

• One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর sub এবং verb বসে।
- One of the উঠে যায়।
- Superlative Degree এর Comparative form বসে।
- than most other বসে।
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে।

Other options:
ক) Chittagong is more larger any than other seaports in the region.
- এটি ভুল কারন, এখানে "more larger" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে যেখানে "larger" নিজেই একটি comparative শব্দ।

খ) Chittagong is more larger than most other seaports in the region.
- এটি ভুল কারন, এখানে "more larger" ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে যেখানে "larger" নিজেই একটি comparative শব্দ।

গ) Chittagong is larger than any other seaport in the region.
- এটি ভুল কারন, One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে "than most other" বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

২৭.

Rohan is the best boy in the class. (Comparative)

ক
Rohan is better then many other boy in the class.
খ
Rohan is better than all other boy in the class.
গ
Rohan is better than many other boy in the class.
ঘ
Rohan is better than any other boy in the class.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Superlative to comparative:

• এক্ষেত্রে কেবল দুটি কাজ করতে হয়:

1. Degree change হয়।
2. Indicator Change হয় (as... as/ so....as --> than).

• The যুক্ত sentence কে comparative করার নিয়ম -
- প্রথমে subject ও verb বসে
- the উঠে যায়।
- superlative এর comparative form বসে।
- (than any other + singular noun) / (than all other + plural noun) বসে।
- বাকি অংশ বসে।

• Comparative degree + (than any other + singular noun) / (than all other + plural noun) বসে।

Superlative: Rohan is the best boy in the class.
Comparative: Rohan is better than any other boy in the class.

Or,
Comparative: Rohanis better than all other boys in the class.

অর্থাৎ,
- যদি আমরা 'than any other' ব্যবহার করি তাহলে 'boy' (singular noun) হবে,
- অথবা, 'than all other' ব্যবহার করা হলে 'boys' (plural noun) বসে।

• যেহেতু, অপশনে 'than all other' এর সাথে 'boy' (singular noun) ব্যবহার রয়েছে তাই এটি ভুল।

২৮.

Choose the correct sentence:

ক
This laptop is more faster than any other model on the market.
খ
This laptop is more faster than all other models on the market.
গ
This laptop is faster than all other model on the market.
ঘ
This laptop is faster than any other model on the market.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Sentence টি comparative degree তে আছে।

• Comparative degree তে সবচেয়ে বড় বুঝাতে than any other বা than all other ব্যবহৃত হয়।

- Than all other এরপর plural noun বসে এবং than any other এর পর singular noun বসে।

• Fast এর comparative form হচ্ছে faster and superlative form হচ্ছে fastest.

- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী, সঠিক বাক্য -

- This laptop is faster than any other model on the market।

Source : Applied English Grammar & Composition by P. C. Das.

২৯.

Chattogram is the biggest port in Bangladesh. (Comparative Degree)

ক
Chattogram are bigger than all other port in Bangladesh.
খ
Chattogram is bigger then all other port in Bangladesh.
গ
Chattogram is bigger than all other port in Bangladesh.
ঘ
Chattogram is bigger than any other port in Bangladesh.
ঙ
Very few port is bigger than Chattogram in Bangladesh.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Superlative Degree থেকে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Superlative Subject + Verb,
- The উঠে যাবে,
- Superlative এর Comparative form + than any other,
- বাকি অংশ।

Example:
Superlative: He is the most intelligent boy in the class.
Comparative: He is more intelligent than any other boy in the class.

Superlative: Chattogram is the biggest port in Bangladesh.
Comparative: Chattogram is bigger than any other port in Bangladesh.

৩০.

Kolkata is one of the oldest cities in India. (Make it comparative)

ক
Kolkata is older than the most other cities in India.
খ
Kolkata is older than most other cities in India.
গ
Kolkata is older most other cities in India.
ঘ
Most other cities in India are older than Kolkata.

ব্যাখ্যা

• One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর sub এবং verb বসে।
- One of the উঠে যায়।
- Superlative Degree এর Comparative form বসে।
- than most other বসে।
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে।

• Superlative Degree: Kolkata is one of the oldest cities in India.
• Comparative Degree: Kolkata is older than most other cities in India.

Source: A Passage To The English Language S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৩১.

Very few athletes are as talented as LeBron James. (Make it superlative)

ক
LeBron James is one of the most talented athlete.
খ
LeBron James is the most talented athlete.
গ
LeBron James is one of the most talented athletes.
ঘ
LeBron James is one of the talented athletes.

ব্যাখ্যা

Positive: Very few athletes are as talented as LeBron James.
Superlative: LeBron James is one of the most talented athletes.

• Positive to superlative:
• Positive কে superlative করতে হলে চারটি কাজ করতে হয়:
1. Subject- Object হয়, Object - Subject হয়।
2. Affirmative -Negative হয়, Negative- Affirmative হয়।
3. Degree change হয়।
4. Indicator Change হয় (as... as/ so....as --> than).

৩২.

Ronaldo is the best footballer we have ever seen. (make it comparative)

ক
Ronaldo is better than most other footballer we have ever seen.
খ
Ronaldo is better than other footballer we have ever seen.
গ
Ronaldo is better footballer than any other we have ever seen.
ঘ
Ronaldo is better than any other footballer we have ever seen.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর Subject ও verb বসে।
- the উঠে যায়।
- Superlative এর Comparative form বসে।
- than any other বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকি অংশ বসে।

• Note: of all থাকলে সেক্ষেত্রে of all এর জায়গায় than all other বসে এবং of any এর পরিবর্তে than any other বসে।

Superlative Degree: Ronaldo is the best footballer we have ever seen.
Comparative Degree: Ronaldo is better than any other footballer we have ever seen.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৩৩.

Afra is as good as Eshat. (Make it Comparative)

ক
ক) Afra is not worst than Eshat.
খ
খ) Eshat is not less better than Farabi.
গ
গ) Afra is less good than Eshat.
ঘ
ঘ) Eshat is not better than Afra.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Structure: as + adjective/as যুক্ত positive sentence কে দুইভাবে comparative করা যায়:
- Subject ঠিক থাকে এবং not less+ positive degree বসে।
- যেমন:
Positive: Afra is as good as Eshat.
Comparative: Afra is not less good than Eshat.

• অথবা,
Object- Subject হয়ে বসে + not + comparative degree বসে।
Positive: Afra is as good as Eshat.
Comparative: Eshat is not better than Afra.

৩৪.

Children are wiser than their elders. Here 'wiser' is-

ক
ক) in superlative degree
খ
খ) in positive degree
গ
গ) in comparative degree
ঘ
ঘ) not in any degree

ব্যাখ্যা

প্রদত্ত বাক্যে wiser শব্দটি comparative degree হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে।

৩৫.

Tamim is one of the best players in the team. (Make it comparative)

ক
ক) No other player in the team is as better as Tamim.
খ
খ) Tamim is better than most other players in the team.
গ
গ) Tamim is better than all other players in the team.
ঘ
ঘ) Tamim is better than any other player in the team.

ব্যাখ্যা

One of the থাকলে Comparative করার সময় than many other + Plural Noun অথবা than most other + Plural Noun বসে।

সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর খ)

৩৬.

"The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of all the oceans, covering more than 63 million square miles." This is an example of-

ক
Comparative Degree
খ
Superlative Degree
গ
Positive Degree
ঘ
None of these

ব্যাখ্যা

Superlative Degree:
সাধারণত অনেকের মধ্যে তুলনা বুঝাতে adjective এর যে রূপ ব্যবহার হয় তাকে Superlative Degree বলে।

More Examples:
- The Eiffel Tower is the tallest structure in Paris.
- The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of all the oceans, covering more than 63 million square miles.
- She sang the song most beautifully of all the contestants.
- That was the best concert I've ever attended.
- The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth.
- The Grand Canyon is the most breathtaking natural wonder.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৩৭.

Choose the correct sentence

ক
He is the happiest child of all.
খ
He is the most happy child of all.
গ
He is a happiest child of all.
ঘ
He is most happy child of all.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Superlative degree এর নিয়মানুযায়ী, He is the happiest child of all - এই বাক্যটি সঠিক।

• Degree তিন প্রকার । যথা-
- positive degree.
- comparative degree.
- superlative degree.

• Superlative degree: সাধারণত অনেকের মধ্যে তুলনা বুঝাতে adjective এর যে রূপ ব্যবহার হয় তাকে Superlative Degree বলে।
- Happiest - superlative degree
- Happier - comparative degree
- Happy - positive degree.

• সুতরাং, happy এর superlative হচ্ছে happiest এবং এর পূর্বে most বসবে না।

• Superlative Degree চেনার উপায় -
- সাধারণত অনেকের মধ্যে তুলনা করতে adjective এর যে রূপ ব্যবহার হয় তাকে Superlative Degree বলে।
- অর্থাৎ একজন ব্যক্তি/ বস্তুকে অনেকের সাথে তুলনা করা হয়।
- Superlative Degree চিনার উপায় হলো Superlative Degree তে সাধারণত Superlative form এবং all other, most other, one of the + Superlative form বসে এবং নেকজ ক্ষেত্রে of all উল্লেখ থাকে।

৩৮.

Change into the superlative degree:
She is a talented singer.

ক
She is more talented than any other singer.
খ
She is the talentedest singer.
গ
She is the most talented singer.
ঘ
She is the more talented singer.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Corrrect answer: She is the most talented singer.

- She is a talented singer.
- Superlative Degree এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়: "the most" + adjective (যা সাধারণত একাধিক শব্দবিশিষ্ট বিশেষণ এর জন্য)।
- এখানে “talented” একাধিক শব্দবিশিষ্ট, তাই “the most talented” হবে সঠিক।
- অপশন গ সঠিক।
- She is the most talented singer.
- অপশন ক Comparative Degree, তাই ভুল।
- অপশন খ ভুল বানান।
- অপশন ঘ Comparative Degree ভুল প্রয়োগ।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৩৯.

He is one of the fastest runners in our school. (Make it comparative)

ক
He is faster than many other runner in our school.
খ
He is faster than most other runners in our school.
গ
He is more faster than most other runners in our school.
ঘ
He is faster than any other runners in our school.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Superlative: He is one of the fastest runners in our school.
- Comparative: He is faster than most other runners in our school.

• One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে প্রদত্ত Sentence- এর Subject ও Verb বসে,
- One of the উঠে যায়,
- Superlative Degree-এর Comparative form বসে,
- than most other বসে,
- প্রদত্ত Sentence- এর বাকী অংশ বসে।

• Structure: Subject + Verb + Superlative Degree এর Comparative form + than most other + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ।

More Examples:
- Superlative: He is one of the greatest scientists of all time.
- Comparative: He is greater than most other scientists of all time.

৪০.

Silver is not so bright as Diamond. (Make it comparative)

ক
Diamond are more brighter than Silver.
খ
Diamond is brighter then Silver.
গ
Diamond is very brighter than Silver.
ঘ
Diamond is brighter than Silver.

ব্যাখ্যা

♦ Positive to comparative:

• Positive to comparative এ চারটি কাজ করতে হয়:
1. Subject- Object হয়, Object - Subject হয়।
2. Affirmative -Negative হয়, Negative- Affirmative হয়।
3. Degree change হয়।
4. Indicator Change হয় (as... as/ so....as --> than).

• Positive degree তে so-as থাকলে comparative করতে than বসে
- প্রথমে Object 'Diamond', Subject হয়।
- verb বসে।
- not বসে (মূল sentence টি affirmative হলে, কিন্তু মূল sentence টি negative হলে not উঠে যায়)।
- positive degree এর comparative form বসে।
- than বসে।
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর প্রথম subject টি বসে।

Positive: Silver is not so bright as Diamond.
Comparative: Diamond is brighter than Silver.

৪১.

Which one is the correct sentence?

ক
ক) I am more senior to Rahim.
খ
খ) I am senior than Rahim.
গ
গ) I am senior to Rahim.
ঘ
ঘ) I am more senior than Rahim.

ব্যাখ্যা

• সাধারণত Comparative degree এর পরে than বসলেও senior, junior, inferior, superior, prior, ulterior, posterior ইত্যাদি Latin Comparative গুলোর পরে to বসে (than নয়)।
- যেমন- He is senior to me by 5 years.
- তাই নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - I am senior to Rahim.

৪২.

Which is ______ of the two?

ক
cheep
খ
the cheaper
গ
the cheapest
ঘ
the cheap

ব্যাখ্যা

Complete sentence: Which is the cheaper of the two?

ইংরেজি ব্যাকরণে যখন মাত্র দুটি জিনিসের মধ্যে তুলনা করা হয়, তখন adjective-এর comparative degree ব্যবহার করতে হয়।
- দুটি জিনিসের মধ্যে তুলনা করা হয়, তখন Comparative degree ব্যবহার করতে হয় → the + adjective + er.

অন্য অপশনগুলো ভুল:

ক) cheep → ভুল স্পেলিং (এটা পাখির ডাকের শব্দ, সস্তার সাথে সম্পর্ক নেই)।

গ) the cheapest → superlative degree, দুটির জন্য নয়।

ঘ) the cheap → ভুল (the + positive degree এভাবে ব্যবহার হয় না)।

৪৩.

The Sundarbans is one of the most famous mangrove forests in the world. (Make it comparative)

ক
The Sundarbans is more famous than then most other mangrove forests in the world.
খ
The Sundarbans is more famous than most other mangrove forests in the world.
গ
The Sundarbans is famous than most other mangrove forests in the world.
ঘ
Most other mangrove forests in the world are more famous than the Sundarbans.

ব্যাখ্যা

• One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর sub এবং verb বসে।
- One of the উঠে যায়।
- Superlative Degree এর Comparative form বসে।
- than most other বসে।
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে।

Superlative Degree: The Sundarbans is one of the most famous mangrove forests in the world.
Comparative Degree: The Sundarbans is more famous than most other mangrove forests in the world.

Source: A Passage To The English Language, S. M. Zakir Hussain.

৪৪.

Make it comparative: He is one of the bravest soldiers in the army.

ক
He is braver then most other soldiers in the army.
খ
He is braver than all other soldiers in the army.
গ
He is braver than most other soldier in the army.
ঘ
He is braver than most other soldiers in the army.

ব্যাখ্যা

• One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

- প্রথমে প্রদত্ত Sentence- এর Subject ও Verb বসে,
- One of the উঠে যায়,
- Superlative Degree-এর Comparative form বসে,
- than most other বসে,
- প্রদত্ত Sentence- এর বাকী অংশ বসে।

Structure: Subject + Verb + Superlative Degree এর Comparative form + than most other + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ।

Superlative: He is one of the best players on the team.
Comparative: He is better than most other players on the team.

Superlative: He is one of the bravest soldiers in the army.
Comparative: He is braver than most other soldiers in the army.

৪৫.

Shakespeare is one of the most renowned dramatists in the world. (Make it Positive)

ক
ক) Very few dramatist in the world is as renowned as Shakespeare.
খ
খ) No other dramatist in the world is as renowned as Shakespeare.
গ
গ) Very few dramatists in the world are as renowned as Shakespeare.
ঘ
ঘ) No other dramatists in the world are as renowned as Shakespeare.

ব্যাখ্যা

One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Positive Degree করার নিয়ম:
(i) Very few বসে।
(ii) Superlative Adjective এর পর থেকে বাকি অংশ বসে।
(iii) Verb এর Plural form বসবে।
(iv) As/So + Superlative Adjective positive form + As
(v) প্রদত্ত Sentence এর Subject বসে।

Example:
Superlative: Shakespeare is one of the most renowned dramatists in the world.
Positive: Very few dramatists in the world are as renowned as Shakespeare.

Superlative: He is one of the best boys in the class.
Positive: Very few boys in the class are as good as him.

Superlative: Iron is one of the most useful metals.
Positive: Very few metals are as useful as iron.

৪৬.

Change to comparative degree:
This solution is effective.

ক
This solution is more effective than the previous one.
খ
This solution is most effective than the previous one.
গ
This solution is effectiveer than the previous one.
ঘ
This solution is the effective.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: ক) This solution is more effective than the previous one.

- “Effective” একটি বহু-অক্ষরের বিশেষণ, তাই এর তুলনা রূপ “-er” যোগ করে নয়, “more” ব্যবহার করে তৈরি করতে হয়।
- তুলনা বুঝাতে than বসেছে।
- অপশন ক-তে “more effective” সঠিক Comparative Degree এবং “than” ব্যবহার করে তুলনা করা হয়েছে।
- অপশন খ-তে ভুলভাবে Superlative “most effective” ব্যবহার হয়েছে “than” সঙ্গে, যা ভুল।
- অপশন গ-তে “effectiveer” নামে কোনো শব্দ নেই, এটি ভুল।
- অপশন ঘ অসম্পূর্ণ এবং সঠিক তুলনামূলক বাক্য গঠন করা হয়নি।

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৪৭.

Make it Comparative.
'This is the latest edition.'

ক
This is more later edition.
খ
This is more later than any other edition.
গ
This is later than any other edition.
ঘ
No other edition is as later as this.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Superlative into comparative:
- Subject + verb + the উঠে যায় + Superlative এর comparative form + than any other + প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ।
- Superlative: This is the latest edition.
- Comparative: This is later than any other edition.
- এ বাক্যে latest এর comparative form হচ্ছে - later এর পর বাক্যের structure অনুযায়ী বসেছে than any other
- এরপর প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লিখিত অপশন গুলোর মাঝে -
- অপশন ক এবং খ তে degre form সঠিক নেই।
- অপশন ঘ তে, degre form সঠিক নেই এবং Superlative degree থেকে Comparative degree তে বাক্য পরিবর্তন এর সময় কখনোও 'No other' ব্যবহৃত হয়না।

Source: English & Bengali Online Dictionary & Grammar

৪৮.

The rose is the ____ of all flowers.

ক
sweetest
খ
most sweetest
গ
more sweet
ঘ
sweeter

ব্যাখ্যা

Sweet এর Superlative degree হলো sweetest. এর পূর্বে more/most হবে না।
অর্থাৎ, সঠিক বাক্যটি হবেঃ
The rose is the sweetest of all flowers.

৪৯.

Why do you always buy five loaves, no _____ and ______ ?

ক
ক) More/less
খ
খ) Less/fewer
গ
গ) More/much
ঘ
ঘ) Many/little

ব্যাখ্যা

Comparative adjectives দুটি বস্তুর মধ্যে পার্থক্য বা তুলনা করতে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

এক্ষেত্রে, five loaves of bread এর কম বা বেশি বুঝাতে তুলনা করা হয়েছে।

Positive Form এ ভিন্ন অর্থে much and little হবে।

The comparative degree of much: more এবং little: less
সুতরাং, বাক্যের শূন্যস্থানে More এবং less বসবে।

অতএব, পূর্ণাঙ্গ বাক্য: Why do you always buy five loaves, no more and less?

৫০.

Identify the correct sentence -

ক
ক) He is better and superior than me.
খ
খ) He is better than and superior to me.
গ
গ) He is superior than and better to me.
ঘ
ঘ) He is better and superior to me.

ব্যাখ্যা

Comparative বাক্যে দুটি comparative adjective থাকলে এবং দুটি ভিন্ন ভিন্ন preposition প্রয়োজন হলে তা প্রদান করতে হবে।

Conjunction এর পূর্বের এবং পরের preposition ভিন্ন হলে দুটোই আলাদা ভাবে উল্লেখ করতে হবে। সাধারনত comparative এ better এর পর than বসাতে হয় এবং superiorer এরপর to preposition ব্যবহৃত হয়।

সুতরাং সঠিক বাক্য : He is better than and superior to me.

৫১.

Arpita is better than any other girl in the group. (Make it Superlative)

ক
ক) Arpita is one of the best girls in the group.
খ
খ) Arpita is one of the best girl in the group.
গ
গ) Arpita is the best girl in the group.
ঘ
ঘ) Arpita is the best of all the girls in the group.

ব্যাখ্যা

• 'Than any other/ than all other' যুক্ত Comparative sentence কে Superlative করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে -
- প্রথম subject প্রথমেই বসবে
- এরপর the + comparative এর Superlative form
- Than any other/ Than all other বাদ যাবে এবং এরপর তার বাকি অংশ টি বসবে।
- সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Arpita is the best girl in the group.
- Best হচ্ছে better এর Superlative form.

৫২.

Iron is one of the most useful metals. (make it comparative)

ক
Iron is the most useful metal.
খ
Iron is more useful than most other metals.
গ
Iron is more useful than any other metal.
ঘ
Iron is most useful than most other metals.

ব্যাখ্যা

Superlative Degree: Iron is one of the most useful metals.
Comparative Degree: Iron is more useful than many other metals.

• One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর sub এবং verb বসে।
- One of the উঠে যায়।
- Superlative Degree এর Comparative form বসে।
- than most other বসে।
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে।

Other options:
ক) Iron is the most useful metal.
- ভুল কারণ, এটি Superlative Degree এর বাক্য।

গ) Iron is more useful than any other metal.
-ভুল কারণ, One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে Superlative Degree এর Comparative form+ than most other বসে।

ঘ) Iron is most useful than most other metals.
- ভুল কারণ, ভুল কারণ, One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে Superlative Degree এর Comparative form বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৫৩.

Rahim is one ____ superstitious people I known.

ক
ক) much
খ
খ) of the more
গ
গ) very much
ঘ
ঘ) of the most

ব্যাখ্যা

Rahim is one of the most superstitious people I known. one of the এর পর সর্বদা superlative degree বসে। তাই much এর superlative degree most.

৫৪.

The piano is one of the most versatile musical instruments. (Make it Comparative)

ক
The piano is more versatile than more other musical instruments.
খ
The piano is more versatile than most other musical instruments.
গ
The piano is more versatile than all other musical instruments.
ঘ
The piano is more versatile than many other musical instrument.

ব্যাখ্যা

• One of the যুক্ত superlative কে Comparative করতে -
- Superlative sentence এর প্রথম subject টি প্রথমে বসে + verb বসবে +এরপর one of the বাদ যাবে + superlative degree এর comparative form বসে + than most other বসবে এবং সবশেষে superlative sentence টির বাকি অংশ বসবে।
- যেমন -
Superlative: The marathon is one of the longest Olympic running events.
Comparative: The marathon is longer than most other Olympic running events.

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Superlative: The piano is one of the most versatile musical instruments.
Comparative: The piano is more versatile than most other musical instruments.

• অন্যদিকে,
• Of all যুক্ত sentence কে comparative করার নিয়ম -
- প্রথম subject প্রথমেই + verb + superlative এর comparative form + than all other + বাকি অংশ।
- সুতরাং নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- Superlative sentence: The piano is one of the most versatile musical instruments.
- Comparative sentence: The piano is more versatile than all the other musical instruments.

৫৫.

Choose the right sentence.

ক
ক) He is senior than me for five years.
খ
খ) He is senior to me for five years.
গ
গ) He is five years older to me.
ঘ
ঘ) He is senior from me for five years.

ব্যাখ্যা

Latin Comparative (senior, junior, major, minor) এর পরে to বসে। যেমন, He is senior to me for five years.

৫৬.

Azad is the best player in the team. (Make it Comparative)

ক
Azad is better than most other players in the team.
খ
Azad is better than any other players in the team.
গ
Azad is the better player in the team.
ঘ
Azad is better than all other players in the team.

ব্যাখ্যা

• One of the ছাড়া শুধু the + Superlative Degree থাকলে – comparative degree করতে হলে,
- comparative degree + (than any other + singular noun) / (than all other + plural noun) বসে।
• Subject + verb + Superlative এর comparative form + than any other + প্রদত্ত sentence বাকী অংশ।

Example:
Superlative: Azad is the best player in the team.
Comparative:
- Azad is better than any other player in the team.
- Azad is better than all other players in the team.

• অন্যদিকে,
• One of the থাকলে Comparative করার সময়
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর object হবে subject + verb + positive degree এর comparative form + One of the এর পরিবর্তে than many other + Plural Noun অথবা than most other + Plural Noun + বাকি অংশ বসে।

৫৭.

The _____ you read, the _____ you understand.

ক
most, best
খ
more, better
গ
much, good
ঘ
many, better

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct sentence: খ) more, better.

Complete sentence: The more you read, the better you understand.

• Comparative Degree:
- দুটি noun বা pronoun- এর দোষ, গুণ, অবস্থা প্রভৃতির তুলনা করতে adjective- এর যে রূপ ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Comparative Degree বলে।
- যত---তত/ আনুপাতিক হ্রাস-বৃদ্ধি বুঝাতে দুইটি Adverb Comparative Degree এর প্রত্যেকটির পূর্বে The বসে।

• Structure: The + Comparative +----, the + Comparative +---.

• More examples:
- The sooner, the better.
- The more you exercise, the better your health will be.

Source: A Passage to the English Language by S M Zakir Hussain.

৫৮.

She feels that her father is better than all other fathers in the world. (Make it superlative)

ক
ক) She feels that her father is the best fathers in the world.
খ
খ) She feels that her father is the best father in the world.
গ
গ) She feels that her father is one of the best fathers in the world.
ঘ
ঘ) She feels that no other father is the best father in the world as her father.

ব্যাখ্যা

Comparative এ than all other/ than any other থাকলে the + Superlative Degree + Singular Noun বসে।

৫৯.

Adil is the best boy in the class. (Make it Comparative)

ক
ক) Adil is better than any other boys in the class.
খ
খ) Adil is better than other boys in the class.
গ
গ) Adil is better than all the others boy in the class.
ঘ
ঘ) Adil is better than all other boys in the class.

ব্যাখ্যা

• One of the ছাড়া শুধু the + Superlative Degree থাকলে – comparative degree করতে হলে -
- Comparative degree + (than any other + singular noun) অথবা (than all other + plural noun) বসে।
- এরপর বাক্যের বাকি অংশ বসে।

সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Superlative Degree: Adil is the best boy in the class
Comparative Degree:
1. Adil is better than any other boy in the class.
2. Adil is better than all other boys in the class.

৬০.

Very few poets were as great as Kazi Nazrul Islam. (make it Superlative)

ক
Kazi Nazrul Islam was one of the greatest poets.
খ
Kazi Nazrul Islam was the greatest poet.
গ
Kazi Nazrul Islam was greater than most other poets.
ঘ
Kazi Nazrul Islam was one of the most greatest poets.

ব্যাখ্যা

Positive: Very few poets were as great as Kazi Nazrul Islam.
Superlative: Kazi Nazrul Islam was one of the greatest poets.

• Very few যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Superlative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence টির শেষের Subject প্রথমে বসে।
- তারপর Subject অনুসারে verb বসে।
- তারপর one of the বসে।
- Positive Degree এর Superlative form বসে।
- Very few এরপর থেকে verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।

Other options:
খ) Kazi Nazrul Islam was the greatest poet.
- ভুল কারণ, Very few যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Superlative Degree তে রূপান্তরের সময় one of the এর পর Positive Degree এর Superlative form বসে।

গ) Kazi Nazrul Islam was greater than most other poets.
- ভুল কারণ, বাক্যটি Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরর করা হয়েছে।

ঘ) Kazi Nazrul Islam was one of the most greatest poets.
- এখানে "Largest" নিজেই "Superlative form" এ রয়েছে। এর পূর্বে 'most' যুক্ত করার প্রয়োজন নেই।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬১.

Mina is as fast as Lila. (Make it comparative)

ক
Lila is not fast than Mina.
খ
Mina is not less faster than Lila.
গ
Mina is not less fast than Lila.
ঘ
Lila is not less faster than Mina.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Structure: as + adjective/as যুক্ত positive sentence কে দুইভাবে comparative করা যায়:
- Subject ঠিক থাকে এবং not less+ positive degree বসে।
- যেমন:
Positive: Mina is as fast as Lila.
Comparative: Mina is not less fast than Lila.

• অথবা,
Object- Subject হয়ে বসে + not + comparative degree বসে।
Positive: Mina is as fast as Lila.
Comparative: Lila is not faster than Mina.

• অপশনে - Mina is not less fast than Lila - আছে তাই এটিই সঠিক উত্তর।

৬২.

Which of the following sentences is correct?

ক
There were a fewer students in the class than usual.
খ
There were fewest students in the class than usual.
গ
There were fewer students in the class than usual.
ঘ
There were lesser students in the class than usual.

ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক বাক্যটি হচ্ছে - There were fewer students in the class than usual.

Countable noun এর ক্ষেত্রে few/ fewer বসে।
• বাক্যে than থাকাতে adjective এর comparative form বসবে।
- Students যেহেতু countable noun সুতরাং এর পূর্বে countable determiner বসবে।

Source: A passage to the English Language by S.M.Zakir Hussain.

৬৩.

No other girl in the team is as talented as Rima. (Make it comparative)

ক
Rima is more talented than most other girls in the team.
খ
Rima is more talented than any other girl in the team.
গ
Rima is most talented than all other girls in the team.
ঘ
Some girl in the team is more talented than Rima.

ব্যাখ্যা

Correct answer: খ) Rima is more talented than any other girl in the team.

• No other যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর শেষের Subject টি প্রথমে বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Verb বসে।
- Positive Degree এর Comparative Degree বসে।
- than any other বসে।
- No other এরপর থেকে Verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে।

Positive Degree: No other girl in the team is as talented as Rima.
Comparative Degree: Rima is more talented than any other girl in the team.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৬৪.

Nature is the ________ physician.

ক
ক) beauty
খ
খ) good
গ
গ) better
ঘ
ঘ) best

ব্যাখ্যা

• সাধারণত Superlative degree এর পূর্বে the এবং পরে of/in বসে। পরে স্থান থাকলে in বসে।
• Structure টি হচ্ছেঃ The + Superlative degree + noun + of (+plural noun)/in (+singular Noun). যেমনঃ
- His wife is the worst cook in the world.
- The bus is the least expensive way to get around.
- He is the tallest in the class.
- Nature is the ________ physician. এটি একটি proverb.

৬৫.

These essays are intellectually ________ and represent various levels of complexity.

ক
ক) revealing
খ
খ) modern
গ
গ) superior
ঘ
ঘ) demanding

ব্যাখ্যা

Superior অর্থ অন্যদের থেকে ভালো। Essay গুলো intellectually অন্যদের থেকে ভালো।

৬৬.

Man is superior ___________ any other creature.

ক
ক) than
খ
খ) of
গ
গ) to
ঘ
ঘ) then

ব্যাখ্যা

শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - to.
- Complete sentence: Man is superior to any other creature.

• সাধারণত Comparative degree এর পরে than বসলেও prefer, senior, junior, inferior, superior, prior, ulterior, posterior ইত্যাদি Latin Comparative গুলোর পরে to বসে (than নয়)।
Example:
- He is junior to me by three years.
- I object to being told what to do by someone junior to me.
- He prefers reading to writing.

৬৭.

This movie is ______ (interesting) than the one we watched yesterday.

ক
interestinger
খ
more interesting
গ
most interesting
ঘ
interestingest

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct answer: This movie is more interesting than the one we watched yesterday.

• Comparative Degree Rule:
- Comparative degree এ than ব্যবহার হয় দুই জিনিস বা ব্যক্তির তুলনা করার জন্য।
- "more interesting" শব্দটি সাধারণত comparative degree নির্দেশ করতে ব্যবহার করা হয়।

• অন্য অপশনে,
- most interesting: এটি superlative degree, যা ব্যবহার হয় যখন তুলনা একাধিক জিনিস বা ব্যক্তির মধ্যে হয়। তবে বাক্যে "than" থাকায় এটি অশুদ্ধ।

- interestinger, interestingest - এটি ভুল। এ জাতীয় কোন word নেই।

Source: Accessible Dictionary, A Passage to the English Language by S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৬৮.

The superlative form of:
He is more hardworking than any other employee in the office.

ক
He is one of the most hardworking employees in the office.
খ
He is one of the most hardworking employee in the office.
গ
He is the most hardworking employee in the office.
ঘ
He is the hardworking employee in the office.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Comparative: He is more hardworking than any other employee in the office.
- Superlative: He is the most hardworking employee in the office.

• 'Than any other/ than all other' যুক্ত Comparative sentence কে Superlative করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে subject +verb বসবে।
- তারপর comparative এর Superlative form বসবে।
- Than any other/ Than all other বাদ যাবে এবং এরপর তার বাকি অংশ টি বসবে।

• More examples:
- Comparative: Jupiter is larger than any other planet in our solar system.
- Superlative: Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.

৬৯.

His score is superior ___ yours.
Fill in the blank with correct word.

ক
to
খ
from
গ
that
ঘ
than

ব্যাখ্যা

সঠিক উত্তর: ক) to,
- Superior এর পরে "to" ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- His score is superior to yours.
- তার স্কোর তোমার চেয়ে ভালো।

অন্য অপশনগুলো:
- From বা than ব্যবহার করা ভুল।
- That এখানে অর্থহীন।
- এই শব্দগুলোর বেলায় then না হয়ে to হবে, Superior to, Inferior to, Senior to, Junior to.

Source: A Passage to the English Language, S.M. Zakir Hussain.

৭০.

No other scientist was as famous as Albert Einstein. (Make it superlative)

ক
Albert Einstein was most famous scientist.
খ
Albert Einstein was the most famous scientist.
গ
Albert Einstein was one of the most famous scientists.
ঘ
Albert Einstein was one of the very famous scientists.

ব্যাখ্যা

Positive: No other scientist was as famous as Albert Einstein.
Superlative: Albert Einstein was the most famous scientist.

• No other যুক্ত Positive degree কে Superlative degree তে রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Superlative degree তে প্রথমে no other বাদ যাবে।
- Object (Positive degree -এর পরের) টি Subject হয়ে বসবে।
- Subject অনুসারে verb বসবে।
- the + superlative degree বসবে।
- no other এর পরের Subject টি Object হয়ে বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

More Examples:
- Positive: No other fruit is as sweet as the mango.
- Superlative: The mango is the sweetest fruit.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৭১.

The rose is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.( Make it comparative)

ক
The rose is beautiful than most other flowers in the garden.
খ
The rose is more beautiful than any other flowers in the garden.
গ
The rose is more beautiful than most other flowers in the garden.
ঘ
The rose is beautiful than any other flowers in the garden.

ব্যাখ্যা

Superlative: The rose is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.
Comparative: The rose is more beautiful than most other flowers in the garden.

• One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর sub এবং verb বসে।
- One of the উঠে যায়।
- Superlative Degree এর Comparative form বসে।
- than most other বসে।
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৭২.

Questions 16 to 20: In each of the following sentences, one part is underlined. Beneath the sentence you will find five ways of phrasing the underlined part. Select the phrase that produces the most correct sentence.
The performance of our football players was rather worst than I had expected.

ক
worst than what I had epxected
খ
worse than what I had expected
গ
worst than expectation
ঘ
worst than what was expected
ঙ
appreciated the method adopting method

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্ন প্রদত্ত বাক্যটিতে than দ্বারা তুলনা বোঝানো হয়েছে।

- দুই বা ততোধিক , ব্যক্তি, বস্তু ও প্রাণিরমধ্যে দোষ বা গুণের তুলনা করার পদ্ধতিকে Degree বলে।

- আর Adjective যখন দুটি ব্যক্তি বা প্রাণির মধ্যে তুলনা বোঝায় তাকে Comparative Degree বলে।

- তাই than এর পূর্বে comparative word ব্যবহার হবে।

• সুতরাং, worst এর comparative form হিসাবে worse বসবে (bad -worse - worst) এবং than এর পর subject আনতে হবে।

- তাই সঠিক উত্তর, worse than that I had expected.

• Complete Sentence: The performance of our football players was rather worse than that I had expected.

- Bangla Meaning: আমাদের ফুটবল খেলোয়াড়দের পারফরম্যান্স আমার প্রত্যাশার চেয়েও খারাপ ছিল।

৭৩.

Hannan Sarkar is the best cricketer in the team. (Do Comparative)

ক
ক) Hannan Sarkar is better cricketer than most other in the team.
খ
খ) Hannan Sarkar is better cricketer than any other in the team.
গ
গ) Hannan Sarkar is good cricketer than most other in the team.
ঘ
ঘ) Hannan Sarkar is better cricketer than all other in the team.

ব্যাখ্যা

- উল্লেখিত প্রশ্নের Comparative degree হচ্ছে Hannan Sarkar is better cricketer than any other in the team.

• Superlative থেকে Comparative degree করার নিয়ম:
• Subject + verb + Superlative এর comparative form + than any other + প্রদত্ত sentence বাকী অংশ।
Example:
Superlative: Hannan Sarkar is the best cricketer in the team.
Comparative: Hannan Sarkar is better cricketer than any other in the team.

Superlative: Sonia is the best player in the team.
Comparative: Sonia is better than any other player in the team.

৭৪.

Transform the sentence: "She is one of the brightest students in the class." (Make it Comparative)

ক
She is one of the brighter students in the class.
খ
She is brighter than most other students in the class.
গ
She is more bright than most other students in the class.
ঘ
She is brightest among most other students in the class.

ব্যাখ্যা

→ Answer: She is brighter than most other students in the class.

Superlative থেকে Comparative:
• One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে প্রদত্ত Sentence- এর Subject ও Verb বসাতে হবে,
- One of the বাদ দিতে হবে,
- Superlative Degree-এর Comparative form বসাতে হবে,
- than most other যোগ করতে হবে,
- প্রদত্ত Sentence- এর বাকী অংশ বসে।

→ Structure: Subject + Verb + Superlative Degree এর Comparative form + than most other + প্রদত্ত Sentence এর বাকী অংশ।
অর্থাৎ Subject + Verb + Comparative form + than most other + বাকী অংশ।
নিয়ম অনুসারে,
Superlative: She is one of the brightest students in the class.
Comparative: She is brighter than most other students in the class.

Example:
Superlative: He is one of the best players on the team.
Comparative: He is better than most other players on the team.
Superlative: This is one of the tallest buildings in the city.
Comparative: This is taller than most other buildings in the city.

৭৫.

Very few batsmen are as consistent as Virat Kohli. (make it superlative)

ক
Virat Kohli is one of the most consistent batsman.
খ
Virat Kohli is the most consistent batsman.
গ
Virat Kohli is one of the most consistent batsmen.
ঘ
Virat Kohli is the most consistent batsmen.

ব্যাখ্যা

Positive: Very few batsmen are as consistent as Virat Kohli.
Superlative: Virat Kohli is one of the most consistent batsmen.

• Very few যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Superlative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence টির শেষের Subject প্রথমে বসে।
- verb বসে।
- one of the বসে।
- Positive Degree এর Superlative form বসে।
- Very few এরপর থেকে verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।
- Structure: প্রদত্ত Sentence টির শেষের Subject + verb + one of the + Positive Degree এর Superlative form + Very few এরপর থেকে verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত অংশ।

Other options:
ক) Virat Kohli is one of the most consistent batsman.
- এটি ভুল কারণ, 'one of the' এর পর Noun সব সময় Plural form হয়। এখানে 'batsman' (singular) ব্যবহার করা হয়েছে।

খ) Virat Kohli is the most consistent batsman.
- এটি ভুল কারণ, Very few যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Superlative Degree তে রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে প্রদত্ত Sentence টির শেষের Subject+ Verb বসে+ one of the বসে।

ঘ) Virat Kohli is the most consistent batsmen.
- এটি ভুল কারণ, Very few যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Superlative Degree তে রূপান্তরের ক্ষেত্রে প্রদত্ত Sentence টির শেষের Subject+ Verb বসে+ one of the বসে।

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭৬.

Very few students in the class are as intelligent as Rina. (make it superlative)

ক
Rina is one of the most intelligent students in the class.
খ
Rina is the most intelligent students in the class.
গ
Rina is most of the intelligent students in the class.
ঘ
Rina is one of than the intelligent students in the class.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Very few যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Superlative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence টির শেষের Subject প্রথমে বসে।
- verb বসে।
- one of the বসে।
- Positive Degree এর Superlative form বসে।
- Very few এরপর থেকে verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।

• Structure: প্রদত্ত Sentence টির শেষের Subject প্রথমে বসে + verb + one of the + Positive Degree এর Superlative form + Very few এরপর থেকে verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।

• Positive Degree: Very few students in the class are as intelligent as Rina.
• Superlative Degree: Rina is one of the most intelligent students in the class.

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৭৭.

Bangladesh is now one of the strongest teams in the one-day cricket. (Comparative)

ক
ক) Very few teams in the one-day cricket are as stronger as Bangladesh.
খ
খ) Bangladesh is stronger than many other teams in the one-day cricket.
গ
গ) Bangladesh is stronger than any other teams in the one-day cricket.
ঘ
ঘ) Bangladesh is stronger than all other teams in the one-day cricket.

ব্যাখ্যা

One of the থাকলে Comparative করার সময় than many other + Plural Noun অথবা than most other + Plural Noun বসে।

৭৮.

The Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest in the world. (Make it comparative)

ক
The Sundarbans is larger than many other mangrove forest in the world.
খ
The Sundarbans is larger than all other mangrove forests in the world.
গ
The Sundarbans is larger than any other mangrove forests in the world.
ঘ
Both B + C.

ব্যাখ্যা

• One of the ছাড়া শুধু the + Superlative Degree থাকলে – comparative degree করতে হলে,
- comparative degree + (than any other + singular noun) / (than all other + plural noun) বসে।

• সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে -
- অর্থাৎ, The Sundarbans is larger than any other mangrove forest in the world.
অপশন গ) The Sundarbans is larger than any other mangrove forests in the world - উত্তর হবে না কারণ any other এরপর singular noun বসে।

৭৯.

Very few students were as hard-working as Jamal. (make it superlative)

ক
ক) No other students was the most hard-working like Jamal.
খ
খ) Jamal was one of the most hard-working student.
গ
গ) Jamal was the most hard-working student.
ঘ
ঘ) Jamal was one of the most hard-working students.

ব্যাখ্যা

Very few থাকলে- Superlative করার সময়-
1. Subject- predicate এবং Predicate – Subject হয়।
2. one of the +Superlative degree + Plural noun বসে।

তাই সঠিক উত্তর হবে ঘ) Jamal was one of the most hard-working students.

৮০.

Very few boys were as attentive as Russel. (make it superlative)

ক
ক) No other boy was the most attentive like Rasel.
খ
খ) Rasel was one of the most attentive boy.
গ
গ) Rasel was the most attentive boy.
ঘ
ঘ) Rasel was one of the most attentive boys.

ব্যাখ্যা

Positive কে Superlative করতে হলে, Subject (যাকে তুলনা করা হয়) Object (যার সাথে তুলনা করা হয়) হয় এবং Object - Subject হয়।
তাই এখানে Russel - Subject হয়ে বসবে।
Positive Degree যুক্ত বাক্যে Very few থাকলে one of the + superlative degree হয়।
সে অনুসারে সঠিক উত্তর - Russel was one of the most attentive boys.

৮১.

Identify the correct positive form of the sentence: Milk is the most nutritious food.

ক
ক) Very few food is as nutritious as milk.
খ
খ) No other food as nutritious as is milk.
গ
গ) No food as nutritious as milk is.
ঘ
ঘ) No other food is as nutritious as milk.

ব্যাখ্যা

Milk is the most nutritious food.' এই Sentence টি Superlative degre তে আছে।

• Superlative degree কে positive degree তে এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

1) No other +
2) Superlative degree এঁর পরের অংশ +
3) Verb +
4) So +
5) Superlative degree এর Positive form +
6) as +
7) প্রদত্ত Sentence এর Subject.

Superlative degree: Milk is the most nutritious food.
Positive degree: No other food is as nutritious as milk.

আরো কিছু উদাহরণ:
Superlative degree: She is the best house wife.
Positive degree: No other house wife is so good as she.

Superlative degree: He is the wisest man in the village.
Positive degree: No other man in the village is so wise as he.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.nce:

৮২.

No other boy in the class is as good as he. (make it comparative)

ক
He is better than most other boy in the class.
খ
He is best than any other boy in the class.
গ
He is better than any other boy in the class.
ঘ
Some boy in the class is better than he.

ব্যাখ্যা

• No other যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর শেষের Subject টি প্রথমে বসে।
- প্রদত্ত Verb বসে।
- Positive Degree এর Comparative Degree বসে।
- than any other বসে।
- No other এরপর থেকে Verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসে।

Positive Degree: No other boy in the class is as good as he.
Comparative Degree: He is better than any other boy in the class.

(মাঝে মধ্যে As এর পরিবর্তে So negative অর্থে এ ব্যবহার করা হয়।)

Source: Advanced Learner's Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain.

৮৩.

Identify the correct comparative form of this sentence: Akbar was the greatest of all kings in India.

ক
ক) Akbar is greater than other kings in India.
খ
খ) Akbar was greater than all other kings in India.
গ
গ) Akbar was not so great as other kings in India.
ঘ
ঘ) Akbar is a very great king

ব্যাখ্যা

Of all থাকলে সেক্ষেত্রে of all-এর জায়গায় than all other বসে এবং of any-এর পরিবর্তে than any other বসে।

৮৪.

As soon as the sun rose, the birds began singing. (Negative)

ক
No sooner had the sun risen when the birds began singing.
খ
No sooner had the sun rose than the birds begun singing.
গ
No sooner had the sun risen than the birds began singing.
ঘ
No sooner had the sun risen than the birds begun singing.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Affirmative: As soon as she entered the room, she started crying.
- Negative: No sooner had the sun risen than the birds began singing.

• As soon as যুক্ত positive sentence কে Negative করতে হলে:
- প্রথমে As soon as এর জায়গায় No sooner had বসবে,
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর subject বসবে,
- সে Sentence এর মূল verb এর past participle form বসে,
- sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে + than + দ্বিতীয় বাক্য অপরিবর্তিত ভাবে বসে।

• More Examples:
- Affirmative: As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away.
- Negative: No sooner had the thief seen the police than he ran away.

অন্যদিকে,
ক) No sooner had the sun risen when the birds began singing.
- 'No sooner had' এর সাথে than বসে, "when" নয়।

খ) No sooner had the sun rose than the birds begun singing.
- 'No sooner had' এর পরে past participle "risen" হবে "rose" নয়।

ঘ) No sooner had the sun risen than the birds begun singing.
- প্রথম অংশে 'No sooner had' থাকলে পরের অংশে (than এর পরে) past indefinite "began" হবে "begun" (past participle) নয়।

৮৫.

Chittagong is one of the busiest ports in South Asia. (Change to comparative)

ক
Chittagong is more busy than most other ports in South Asia.
খ
Chittagong is busier than any other port in South Asia.
গ
Chittagong is busier than most other ports in South Asia.
ঘ
Most other ports in South Asia are busier than Chittagong.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Superlative: Chittagong is one of the busiest ports in South Asia.
- Comparative: Chittagong is busier than most other ports in South Asia.

• One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর sub এবং verb বসে।
- One of the উঠে যায়।
- Superlative Degree এর Comparative form বসে।
- than most other বসে।
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর বাকী অংশ বসে।

More examples:
- Superlative: English is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world.
- Comparative: English is more widely spoken than most other languages in the world.

৮৬.

He is taller than________.

ক
ক) me
খ
খ) myself
গ
গ) I
ঘ
ঘ) am I

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যটি comparative degree তে আছে।
- যখন তুলনা বুঝানো হয়, Comparative degree এর বেলায় দুটি তুলনীয় বস্তুই subjective form এ বসে।

- সুতরাং, শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - I
- Complete sentence: He is taller than I.

৮৭.

Identify the correct sentence.

ক
The serenity of the forest is far preferable than that of the crowded urban park.
খ
The serenity of the forest is far preferable than those of the crowded urban park.
গ
The serenity of the forest is far preferable to those of the crowded urban park.
ঘ
The serenity of the forest is far preferable to that of the crowded urban park.

ব্যাখ্যা

• কোন sentence এ একই ধরনের Noun এর মধ্যে তুলনা করার সময় পূর্বের Noun এর পুনরাবৃত্তি পরিহার করতে singular noun এর পরিবর্তে that of এবং plural noun এর পরিবর্তে those of ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- অন্যভাবে বলা যায়,
- কোনো comparative sentence এর প্রথম অংশ যদি The + Noun + of + Noun হয়, তবে verb এর পরের অংশ হবে -
- than + that/those of
- noun যদি singular হয় তবে that আর noun যদি plural হয় তবে those
- বাকি noun টি।

• আবার, preposition এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- Preferable to - more desirable or suitable; better; best.
- অর্থাৎ, কোনকিছু অধিকতর পছন্দ বোঝাতে preferable to ব্যাবহৃত হয়৷
- এটি একটি adjective quantifier.

• সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে -The serenity of the forest is far preferable to that of the crowded urban park.

৮৮.

No other athlete is as talented as Serena. (Make it superlative)

ক
Serena is the most talented athletes.
খ
Serena is the most talented athlete.
গ
Serena is one of the most talented athlete.
ঘ
Serena is one of the most talented athletes.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Positive sentence এ No other থাকলে Superlative করতে হলে -
- প্রথমে no other বাদ যাবে।
- এরপর the + superlative degree বসবে।
- এর পাশাপাশি Subject - Object এবং Object - Subject হয়ে বসবে।

- নিয়মানুযায়ী
Positive: No other athlete is as talented as Serena.
Superlative: Serena is the most talented athlete.

• Very few যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Superlative Degree তে পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম -
- প্রথমে very few বাদ যাবে।
- এরপর One of the + superlative degree বসবে।
- এর পাশাপাশি Subject - Object এবং Object - Subject হয়ে বসবে।

• যেমন
- Positive: Very few athletes are as talented as Serena.
- Superlative: Serena is one of the most talented athletes.

৮৯.

The plant is ____ big that it should really be moved outside.

ক
ক) much
খ
খ) too
গ
গ) very
ঘ
ঘ) so

ব্যাখ্যা

• Positive meaning-এ cause-effect (কারণ-ফলাফল) বুঝাতে so কিংবা such ব্যবহৃত হয়
- এমন ক্ষেত্রে সাধারণত adjective এর পূর্বে so এবং noun এর পূর্বে such ব্যবহৃত হয়৷
- too ব্যবহৃত হয় না-বোধক অর্থ প্রকাশে;
- very দ্বারা কারণ-ফলাফল (cause effect) প্রকাশ করা হয় না।

- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর হবে - so.
- Complete sentence: The plant is so big that it should really be moved outside.

৯০.

In the sentence "Mount Everest is higher than any other mountain," what degree of comparison is used?

ক
Positive Degree
খ
Comparative Degree
গ
Superlative Degree
ঘ
Both ক + খ

ব্যাখ্যা

• In the sentence "Mount Everest is higher than any other mountain," Comparative Degree of comparison is used.
- Comparative degree তে সবচেয়ে বড় বুঝাতে than any other বা than all other ব্যবহৃত হয়।

• Comparison of adjectives বা Degree বলতে adjective-এর বিভিন্ন রূপকে বোঝায়।
- In English grammar, there are three degrees of comparison and they are:

• Positive Degree of Comparison.
- একটি sentence-এ noun বা pronoun-এর গুণ, দোষ, অবস্থা প্রভৃতি বোঝাতে adjective-এর যে রূপ ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Positive Degree বলে।
- Example: He is a tall boy.

• Comparative Degree of Comparison:
- দুটি noun বা pronoun-এর গুণ, দোষ, অবস্থা প্রভৃতির তুলনা করতে adjective-এর যে রূপ ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Comparative Degree বলে।
Example: She is taller than her brother.

• Superlative Degree of Comparison:
- Adjective-এর যে রূপটি অনেকের মধ্যে তুলনা করতে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাকে Superlative Degree বলে।
Example: He is the tallest person in the class.

৯১.

Very few students are as punctual as Karim. [Comparative]

ক
Karim is more punctual then most other students.
খ
Karim is more punctual than most other students.
গ
Karim is more punctual than other students.
ঘ
Karim is more punctual than most other student.

ব্যাখ্যা

Positive: Very few students are as punctual as Karim.
Comparative: Karim is more punctual than most other students.

• Very few যুক্ত positive Degree কে Comparative Degreeতে পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম -
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর শেষের subject + verb + positive degree এর comparative form + very few এর পরিবর্তে than most other + বাকি অংশ।

Example:
Positive: Very few students are as good as Rahim.
Comparative: Rahim is better than most other students.

অপশন বিশ্লেষণ:

ক) Karim is more punctual then most other students.
- “then” → ভুল বানান; সঠিক: than

গ) Karim is more punctual than other students.
- “other students” → সাধারণভাবে ঠিক, কিন্তু মূল বাক্যের “most” উপেক্ষা করে → তুলনা সম্পূর্ণ হয় না

ঘ) Karim is more punctual than most other student.
- “most other student” → student → একবচন, কিন্তু “most” imply করে বহুবচন হওয়া উচিত → ভুল

৯২.

Truthfulness is one of the greatest virtues in a man's life. (Make it comparative)

ক
Truthfulness is greater than all other virtues in a man's life.
খ
Truthfulness is greater than any other virtues in a man's life.
গ
Truthfulness is greater than many other virtue in a man's life.
ঘ
Truthfulness is greater than most other virtues in a man's life.

ব্যাখ্যা

• One of the থাকলে Comparative করার সময়
- প্রদত্ত sentence এর object হবে subject + verb + positive degree এর comparative form + One of the এর পরিবর্তে than many other + Plural Noun অথবা than most other + Plural Noun + বাকি অংশ বসে।

Example:
Superlative: Truthfulness is one of the greatest virtues in a man's life.
Comparative: Truthfulness is greater than most other virtues in a man's life.

৯৩.

Talha is better than any other boy in the class. (Make it superlative)

ক
ক) Talha is a best boy in the class.
খ
খ) Talha is the better boy in the class.
গ
গ) Talha is the good boy in the class.
ঘ
ঘ) Talha is the best boy in the class.

ব্যাখ্যা

'Than any other/ than all other' যুক্ত Comparative sentence কে Superlative করার নিয়ম হচ্ছে -
- প্রথম subject প্রথমেই বসবে + the + comparative এর Superlative form + Than any other/ Than all other এর পরের অংশ।

সুতরাং, নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - Talha is the best boy in the class.
- Best হচ্ছে better এর Superlative form.

৯৪.

The superlative form of: No other seaport in Bangladesh is so important as Chittagong.

ক
Chittagong is very important seaport in Bangladesh.
খ
Chittagong is the most important seaport in Bangladesh.
গ
Chittagong is one of the most important seaports in Bangladesh.
ঘ
Very few seaports in Bangladesh as important as Chittagong.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Positive degree: No other seaport in Bangladesh is so important as Chittagong.
- Superlative degree: Chittagong is the most important seaport in Bangladesh.

• No other যুক্ত Positive degree কে Superlative degree তে রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Superlative degree তে প্রথমে no other বাদ যাবে।
- Object (Positive degree -এর পরের) টি Subject হয়ে বসবে।
- Subject অনুসারে verb বসবে।
- the + superlative degree বসবে।
- no other এর পরের Subject টি Object হয়ে বসবে।
- বাকি অংশ বসবে।

More Example:
- Positive: No other singer in our school is as talented as she is.
- Superlative: She is one of the most talented singers in our school.

Source: Advanced Learner's Grammar and Composition by Chowdhury and Hossain.

৯৫.

The more time you spend studying, ___________________.

ক
the better you understand the material.
খ
better you will understand the material.
গ
the better will you understand the material.
ঘ
the better you will understand the material.

ব্যাখ্যা

• প্রদত্ত প্রশ্নের সঠিক উত্তর হচ্ছে the better you will understand the material.
- Complete sentence: The more time you spend studying, the better you will understand the material.

• Structure:
- The more + present indefinite tense + the better + future indefinite tense.
- কিছু ক্ষেত্রে বাক্যের প্রথম অংশে the more থাকলে পরের অংশে the better হয়।

• প্রশ্নে উল্লেখিত বাক্যের প্রথম অংশে the more + time you spend studying (present indefinite) ও পরের অংশে the better + you will understand the material. (future indefinite) বসবে।

More examples:
- The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.
- The more you practice speaking, the better you will do it.

৯৬.

Toyota is better than Tata. (Make it positive.)

ক
Tata is as good as Toyota.
খ
Tata is not good as Toyota.
গ
Tata is not as good as Toyota.
ঘ
Toyota is not as good as Tata.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Comparative: Toyota is better than Tata.
- Positive: Tata is not as good as Toyota.

• Than যুক্ত Comparative কে positive করার নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যের Than যুক্ত অংশ এর পরের অংশ প্রথমে বসবে।
- verb বসবে।
- not বসে (মূল বাক্যটি affirmative হলে, কিন্তু মূল বাক্যটি negative হলে not উঠে যায়)।
- as বসে।
- comparative degree এর positive form বসে।
- as বসে।
- প্রদত্ত বাক্যের প্রথম Subject বসে।

• More erxamples:
- Comparative: Sara is taller than Nina.
- Positive: Nina is not as tall as Sara.

৯৭.

The correct sentence of the followings-

ক
The Nile is longest river in Africa
খ
The Nile is Longest river in the Africa
গ
Nile is longest river in Africa
ঘ
The Nile is the longest river in Africa

ব্যাখ্যা

• সঠিক বাক্যটি হবে - The Nile is the longest river in Africa.
• Nile দ্বারা এখানে নীলনদকে বুঝাচ্ছে।
- bangla Meaning of the sentence: নীল নদ আফ্রিকার দীর্ঘতম নদী।

• Article এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
• নদী, সাগর, উপসাগর, মহাসাগর, পর্বতশ্রেণী, দ্বীপ, জাহাজ ইত্যাদি নামের পূর্বে The বসে।
- যেমন: The Andamans, The Himalayas, The Pacific.

- তাই, The Nile সঠিক উত্তর হবে।
• এছাড়াও, longest superlative degree তে আছে বলে এর পূর্বে the বসবে।

৯৮.

Find the part of the sentence that contains an error:
Being always the best student, he is certainly the most excellent boy in the class.

ক
Being always the best student
খ
he is certainly
গ
the most excellent
ঘ
in the class

ব্যাখ্যা

• Correct Answer: C) the most excellent.

- The phrase "the most excellent" is incorrect because "excellent" নিজে একটি superlative adjective (it means “extremely good”).
- You should not use "most" before adjectives that are already superlative or absolute in meaning.
- দুইবার superlative form ব্যবহার করা অংশে ভুল হয়েছে।
- "Being always the best student, he is certainly the most outstanding boy in the class."

• Other Options:
A) Being always the best student
- Correct participial phrase modifying the subject (he).

B) he is certainly
- Grammatically correct structure.

D) in the class
- Correct prepositional phrase indicating location.

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.

৯৯.

Very few countries are as hospitable as Bangladesh. (Make it superlative)

ক
Bangladesh is one of the most hospitable countries.
খ
Bangladesh is the most hospitable country.
গ
Bangladesh is the most hospitable than most other countries.
ঘ
Bangladesh is one of the most hospitable country.

ব্যাখ্যা

- Positive: Very few countries are as hospitable as Bangladesh.
- Superlative: Bangladesh is one of the most hospitable countries.

• Very few যুক্ত Positive Degree কে Superlative Degree তে রূপান্তরের নিয়ম:
- প্রদত্ত Sentence টির শেষের Subject প্রথমে বসে।
- verb বসে।
- one of the বসে।
- Positive Degree এর Superlative form বসে।
- Very few এরপর থেকে verb এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত অংশ বসে।

• More examples:
- Positive: Very few boys in the village are as smart as Kabir.
- Superlative: Kabir is one of the smartest boys in the village.

১০০.

Fancy is the best content writer in the company. (Make it Comparative)

ক
Fancy is better than any other content writer in the company.
খ
Fancy is good than any other content writer in the company.
গ
Fancy is better than most other content writer in the company.
ঘ
Fancy is good than most other content writer in the company.

ব্যাখ্যা

• Superlative থেকে Comparative degree করার নিয়ম:
• Subject + verb + Superlative এর comparative form + than any other + প্রদত্ত sentence বাকী অংশ।
Example:
Superlative: Fancy is the best content writter in the company.
Comparative: Fancy is better than any other content writter in the company.

Superlative: Sonia is the best player in the team.
Comparative: Sonia is better than any other player in the team.