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পরীক্ষাপেট্রোবাংলা প্রিলি ও লিখিত সমন্বিত প্রস্তুতি [Archived]তারিখতারিখ অনির্ধারিতসময়15 minutes
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পরীক্ষা - ২৫ বিষয়: English - 5 টপিক: Voice; Narration; Sentence Transformation
ঘনত্ব
উত্তর
উত্তরিতবর্তমানপুনরায় দেখুনঅসম্পূর্ণ

পেট্রোবাংলা প্রিলি ও লিখিত সমন্বিত প্রস্তুতি [Archived]

পেট্রোবাংলা প্রিলি ও লিখিত সমন্বিত প্রস্তুতি [Archived] · তারিখ অনির্ধারিত · ২০ প্রশ্ন

.
The Straits Times says, "We have found it." (make it indirect)
  1. The Straits Times said that had found it.
  2. The Straits Times said that they have found it.
  3. The Straits Times says that has found it.
  4. The Straits Times says that it has found it.
  5. The Straits Times exclaimed that they have found it.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The Straits Times says that it has found it.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The Straits Times says that it has found it.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
- যদি Reporting Verb টি Present বা Future tense এ থাকে, তাহলে Direct Speech কে Indirect করার সময় Verb এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।
- Reporting speech এ we থাকলে, তা যদি ব্যক্তি বা মানব জাতিকে না বুঝিয়ে Editorial বা পত্রিকা বিষয়ক/ সম্পাদকীয় বোঝায়, তবে we এর পরিবর্তে indirect speech এ it হবে। 

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Direct: The Straits Times says, "We have found it."
Indirect: The Straits Times says that it has found it.

আবার,
• We দ্বারা মানব জাতিকে নির্দেশ করলে we=we ই থাকবে।
যেমন -
- Direct - He said 'We are the best of all the creations'.
- Indirect - He said that we are the best of all the creations.

Source: Live MCQ Lecture.
.
You must complete the work. (Passive)
  1. The work must be completes by you.
  2. The work must be been completed by you.
  3. The work must be complete by you.
  4. The work must be completed by you.
  5. Both B + C
সঠিক উত্তর:
The work must be completed by you.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The work must be completed by you.
ব্যাখ্যা
• May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to যুক্ত Active Voice কে Passive Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার সময় -
- active এর object, subject হিসাবে বসে।
- এর পরে be বসে 
- তার পরেই মূল verb টির Past Participle বসে।
- by বসে
- active এর subject object হিসাবে বসে।

Active: You must complete the work.
Passive: The work must be completed by you.
.
I said to Proma, "Friend, help me." (Indirect)
  1. I request Proma to help me by addressing her as a friend.
  2. I asked for help by Addressing Proma as a friend.
  3. Addressing Proma as a friend, I requested her to help me.
  4. Addressing Proma friend, I asked her to help me.
  5. Both A + C
সঠিক উত্তর:
Addressing Proma as a friend, I requested her to help me.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Addressing Proma as a friend, I requested her to help me.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Imperative sentence এ direct speech এ কাউকে সম্বোধন করা হলে নীচের নিয়মের সাহায্যে Indirect speech এ রূপান্তর করতে হয়:
- Addressing বসবে,
- Reporting verb এর object (যদি থাকে) ,
- as বসে,
- যাকে/যাদেরকে সম্বোধন করা হয়েছে সে শব্দটি বসবে,
- Reporting verb এর subject বসবে,
- Reporting verb বসবে,
- to বসবে,
- Reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত বসবে।

Structure: Addressing + Reporting verb এর object (যদি থাকে) + as + যাকে/যাদেরকে সম্বোধন করা হয়েছে সে শব্দটি + Reporting verb এর subject +  Reporting verb + to + Reported speech এর মূল verb থেকে শেষ পর্যন্ত।

Direct: I said to Proma, "Friend, help me."
Indirect: Addressing Proma as a friend, I requested her to help me.
.
Make it passive: Close the door.
  1. Let the door closed.
  2. Let the door be closed.
  3. The door is to be closed.
  4. The door may be close.
  5. Let the door close.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Let the door be closed.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Let the door be closed.
ব্যাখ্যা
Active Voice: Close the door.
Passive Voice: Let the door be closed.

• Verb দ্বারা শুরু হওয়া imperative sentence কে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- প্রথমে Let বসে।
- object + be + verb এর past participle বসে।

More Example:
Active Voice: Open the window.
Passive Voice: Let the window be opened.
.
Change the narration: Ayesha said to her sister, "Will you go home?"
  1. Ayesha asked her sister if she would go home.
  2. Ayesha told to her sister if she would go home.
  3. Ayesha said her sister if she would go home.
  4. Ayesha asked to her sister if she will go home.
  5. Ayesha asks her sister if she would go home.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Ayesha asked her sister if she would go home.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Ayesha asked her sister if she would go home.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Narration এর ক্ষেত্রে,
Sentence টি Interrogative sentence এ থাকলে,
- Reporting verb টি ask, inquire of, want to know, demand, wonder ইত্যাদিতে পরিবর্তিত হয়।
- Sentence টি Interrogative এর পরিবর্তে Assertive এ পরিণত হয়।

• Interrogative sentence এ যদি W/H question word না থেকে যদি auxiliary verb দ্বারা শুরু হয় তখন সেই বাক্যটিকে পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম:
- Reporting verb এর subject বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of বসে।
- Object বসে (যদি থাকে)।
- if/ whether বসে।
- reported speech এর subject বসে।
- reported speech এর verb বসে।
- বাকি অংশ।

Structure: Reporting verb এর subject + Tense অনুযায়ী ask/ inquire of + Object + if/ whether + reported speech এর subject + reported speech এর verb + বাকি অংশ।

Direct: Ayesha said to her sister, "Will you go home?"
Indirect: Ayesha asked her sister if she would go home.

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
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Oxygen is one of the most vital elements. (positive)
  1. No other elements is as vital as Oxygen.
  2. Very few elements are as vital as Oxygen.
  3. No other elements are as vital as Oxygen.
  4. Very few elements are vital as Oxygen.
  5. Very few elements as is vital as Oxygen.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Very few elements are as vital as Oxygen.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Very few elements are as vital as Oxygen.
ব্যাখ্যা
• One of the যুক্ত Superlative Degree কে Positive Degree করার নিয়ম:
- Very few বসে।
- Superlative Adjective এর পর থেকে বাকি অংশ বসে।
- Verb এর Plural form বসবে।
- As/So + Superlative Adjective positive form + As.
- প্রদত্ত Sentence এর Subject বসে।

Superlative: Iron is one of the most useful metals.
Positive: Very few metals are as useful as iron.

Superlative: Oxygen is one of the most vital elements.
Positive: Very few elements are as vital as Oxygen.
.
The dish was cooked by Rony. (Active)
  1. Rony being cooked the dish.
  2. Rony cooking the dish.
  3. Rony has cooked the dish.
  4. Rony cooks the dish.
  5. Rony cooked the dish.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rony cooked the dish.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rony cooked the dish.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:

• Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, with, at, to, in) বসে।

• Past Indefinite Tense এর Passive Voice কে Active Voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:
- Object টি subject হয়,
- was/ were উঠে যায়,
- মূল verb এর Past form হয়,
- by উঠে যায়।
- Subject টির subjective form বসে।

• নিয়মানুযায়ী,
Passive: The dish was cooked by Rony.
Active: Rony cooked the dish.
.
The girl sold her hair to buy a gift for Santham. (Complex)
  1. The girl sold her hair so that she may buy a gift for Santham.
  2. The girl sold her hair so that she can buy a gift for Santham.
  3. The girl sold her hair so that she could buy a gift for Santham.
  4. Although the girl sold her hair so that she may buy a gift for Santham.
  5. Since the girl sold her hair so that she may buy a gift for Santham.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The girl sold her hair so that she could buy a gift for Santham.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The girl sold her hair so that she could buy a gift for Santham.
ব্যাখ্যা
• উদ্দেশ্যমূলক simple sentence কে complex করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত বাক্যের প্রথম থেকে to এর পূর্ব পর্যন্ত বসবে,
- so that বসে। 
- প্রথম কর্তা পুনরায় বসে। 
- tense অনুযায়ী may/can or might/could বসে। (present tense হলে may/can, past tense হলে might/could বসে। 
- to এর পরের অংশ বসে। 

Simple: The girl sold her hair to buy a gift for Santham.
Complex: The girl sold her hair so that she could buy a gift for Santham.

Simple: He works hard to shine in life.
Complex: He works hard so that he may shine in life.
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Change the voice: One should tell the truth.
  1. The truth is being told.
  2. The truth shall be told.
  3. The truth should be told.
  4. The truth should be being told.
  5. Everybody should be telling the truth.
সঠিক উত্তর:
The truth should be told.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
The truth should be told.
ব্যাখ্যা
• One + should যুক্ত Sentence কে passive করার নিয়ম:
1. প্রথমে object টি Subject রূপে বসে,
2. should be + মূল Verb এর Past Participle বসে।

Active Voice: One should take care of one's health.
Passive Voice: Health should be taken care of.

Active: One should tell the truth.
Passive: Truth should be told.

Source: Advanced Learner's English Grammar & Composition by Chowdhury & Hossain.
১০.
Rahi said, "Alas! I am undone." (Indirect)
  1. Rahi exclaimed she was undone.
  2. Rahi exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone.
  3. Rahi said with grief that she is undone.
  4. Rahi exclaimed with sorrow that she were undone.
  5. Rahi said with sorrow that she has undone.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rahi exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rahi exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Exclamatory sentence কে Indirect speech এ রুপান্তর এর সময়:

- Direct speech দ্বারা আনন্দ বুঝালে Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত হয়ে exclaimed with joy আর দুঃখ বুঝালে exclaimed with sorrow or grief ইত্যাদি হয়।
- Inverted comma উঠে that বসে।
- Reported speech এর Subject বসে।
- Reporting verb অনুযায়ী reported speech এর verb বসে।
- very/great বসে।
- adjective বসে।
- বাকী অংশ (যদি থাকে) বসে।

• Structure: Subject + exclaimed with joy/exclaimed with sorrow + that + Reported speech এর Subject + Reporting verb অনুযায়ী reported speech এর verb + very/great + adjective + বাকী অংশ (যদি থাকে)।

Direct speech: Rahi said, "Alas! I am undone."
Indirect speech: Rahi exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone.
১১.
Being honest, he could not tell a lie. (compound)
  1. He was honest and he could not tell a lie.
  2. He was honest or he could not tell a lie.
  3. He was honest but he could tell a lie
  4. Having been honest, he could not tell a lie.
  5. He was honest so that he could not tell a lie.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He was honest and he could not tell a lie.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He was honest and he could not tell a lie.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Being যুক্ত Simple Sentence-কে Compound Sentence করার নিয়ম:

- Being যুক্ত Simple Sentence-কে Compound Sentence করতে হলে Being-এর বাকি অংশ যে Tense-য়ে থাকে Being-যুক্ত অংশকেও সেই tense-এ করতে হবে।
- Sentence দুটির মাঝে and বসে।

• N.B: Being যুক্ত বাক্যে subject না থাকলে একই subject 'Being' অংশের প্রথমে বসে। 

Simple: Being honest, he could not tell a lie.
Compound: He was honest and he could not tell a lie.

• Being-এর বাকি অংশ অর্থাৎ, He could not tell a lie-বাক্যটি Past Indefinite Tense-এ আছে, তাই নিয়ম অনুযায়ী Being honest-কেও Past Indefinite Tense করা হয়েছে।
- অর্থাৎ He was honest হয়েছে এবং দুই বাক্যের মাঝে and বসানো হয়েছে।

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
১২.
Change the voice: What do you want?
  1. What is wanting by you?
  2. What is wanted by you?
  3. What is being wanted by you?
  4. What was wanted by you?
  5. You wanted what?
সঠিক উত্তর:
What is wanted by you?
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
What is wanted by you?
ব্যাখ্যা
• What যুক্ত interrogative sentence এর Active voice কে passive voice এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:

- What প্রথমে বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে। 
- মূল verb এর past participle form বসে। 
- by বসে। 
- Subject টির objective form বসে। 
- প্রশ্নবোধক (?) চিহ্ন বসে। 

Active: What has he done?
Passive: What has been done by him?

Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?

Source: Advanced Learner's by Chowdhury & Hossain.
১৩.
Abiha said to me, "Don't do this." (Indirect)
  1. Abiha says me not to do that.
  2. Abiha told me not to did that.
  3. Abiha said me not to do that.
  4. Abiha told me not to do that.
  5. Abiha told me not to done that.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Abiha told me not to do that.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Abiha told me not to do that.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Reported speech এ যদি আদেশ, উপদেশ বা অনুরোধ সূচক বাক্য থাকে, তাহলে indirect speech এ রূপান্তরের সময় sub + requested/ asked/ ordered/said to থাকলে told+ obj + to + verb + ext. এই structure অনুসরণ করা হয়।
• Imperative sentence টি যদি negative হয় তাহলে reporting verb এর পর not বসে এবং তারপর to বসে।

Example:
Direct: The teacher said to the student, "Don't tell a lie."
Indirect: The teacher advised the student not to tell a lie.

Direct: Abiha said to me, "Don't do this."
Indirect: Abiha told me not to do that.

Source: Advanced Learners, XI & XII Classes.
১৪.
Runa is too weak to move. (Compund)
  1. Runa is very weak and couldnot move.
  2. Runa is very weak so that cannot move.
  3. Runa is very weak and cannot move.
  4. Runa was very weak and cannot move.
  5. Runa is so weak and cannot move.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Runa is very weak and cannot move.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Runa is very weak and cannot move.
ব্যাখ্যা
• প্রদত্ত sentence টি simple sentence এ আছে।
- Too + to যুক্ত Simple sentence কে Compound sentence এ পরিণত করার নিয়ম:
-Too এর পরিবর্তে very বসবে,
- to এর পরিবর্তে and বসবে,
- tense অনুযায়ী cannot/could not বসে,
- to এর পরের অংশ।

Simple: Runa is too weak to move.
Compound: Runa is very weak and cannot move.
১৫.
We declared him the winner. (passive)
  1. He is declared the winner by us.
  2. He was being declared the winner by us.
  3. The winner was declared by us.
  4. He declared the winner by us.
  5. He was declared the winner by us.
সঠিক উত্তর:
He was declared the winner by us.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He was declared the winner by us.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Factitive object, Select, elect, nominate, make, call, name ইত্যাদি transitive verb গুলোর object থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণরূপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত object আনতে হয়। এইরূপ অতিরিক্ত object কে Factitive object বলে।
যেমন: We made him captain.

Factitive object/complementary object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ পরিবর্তন করার নিয়ম:

- প্রদত্ত Pronominal object-টি(me, us, you, them, him, her) / নামবাচক object টি Subject +
- tense ও person অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে +
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে +
- Factitive object টি বসে +
- by বসে +
- Subject টির objective form বসে।

Active: We declared him the winner.
Passive: He was declared the winner by us.

Source: Advanced Learner's HSC Communicative English grammar and composition by Chowdhury & Hussain.
১৬.
He is no less strong than you. (Positive)
  1. He is less strong than you.
  2. He is not as strong as you.
  3. He is as strong as you. 
  4. He is strong than you.
  5. None of these
সঠিক উত্তর:
He is as strong as you. 
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
He is as strong as you. 
ব্যাখ্যা
• No less/ Not less এর পরিবর্তে উক্ত জায়গায় as বসে এবং than এর পরিবর্তে উক্ত জায়গায় as বসে। এছাড়া প্রদত্ত sentence এর আর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয়না।

Comparative: He is no less strong than you. 
Positive: He is as strong as you. 

• No less/ Not less এর পরিবর্তে যদি শুধুমাত্র less .... than থাকলে সেক্ষেত্রে less এর পরিবর্তে উক্ত জায়গায় not as এবং than এর পরিবর্তে উক্ত জায়গায় as বসে। এছাড়া প্রদত্ত sentence এর আর কোনো পরিবর্তন হয়না।
যেমন:
Comparative: He is less stupid than his brother. 
Positive: He is not so stupid as his brother. 

Source: Advanced Learners Communicative English Grammar & Composition By Chowdhury & Hossain
১৭.
"Bread tastes fresh." - The correct passive voice of this sentence is-
  1. Bread is fresh when it is tasted.
  2. Bread tasted fresh.
  3. Bread is tasted fresh.
  4. It is beard which tasted fresh.
  5. Both A + C
সঠিক উত্তর:
Both A + C
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Both A + C
ব্যাখ্যা
• Quasi-passive যুক্ত Active voice কে passive এ রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

• প্রথম নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর subject টিই passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে।
- Adjective টি বসে।
- when বসে।
- প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী it/they বসে।
- আবারো tense অনুযায়ী সাহায্যকারী verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।

• দ্বিতীয় নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর subject টিই passive voice এ subject হিসেবে বসে।
- Tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb বসে।
- মূল verb এর past participle বসে।
- Adjective টি বসে।

Active: Bread tastes fresh.
Passive: Bread is fresh when it is tasted.
Or,
Passive: Bread is tasted fresh.

Source: Advanced Learner’s HSC Communicative English grammar & composition, Chowdhury & Hossain
১৮.
Chattogram is the biggest port in Bangladesh. (Comparative Degree)
  1. Chattogram are bigger than all other port in Bangladesh.
  2. Chattogram is bigger then all other port in Bangladesh.
  3. Chattogram is bigger than all other port in Bangladesh.
  4. Chattogram is bigger than any other port in Bangladesh.
  5. Very few port is bigger than Chattogram in Bangladesh.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Chattogram is bigger than any other port in Bangladesh.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Chattogram is bigger than any other port in Bangladesh.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Superlative Degree থেকে Comparative Degree তে রূপান্তর করার নিয়ম:
- Superlative Subject + Verb,
- The উঠে যাবে,
- Superlative এর Comparative form + than any other,
- বাকি অংশ।

Example: 
Superlative: He is the most intelligent boy in the class.
Comparative: He is more intelligent than any other boy in the class.

Superlative: Chattogram is the biggest port in Bangladesh.
Comparative: Chattogram is bigger than any other port in Bangladesh.
১৯.
I saw her go. (Passive)
  1. She was saw to go by me.
  2. She is been seen to go by me.
  3. She was seen to go by me.
  4. Her going was seen by me.
  5. Going of her was seen by me.
সঠিক উত্তর:
She was seen to go by me.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
She was seen to go by me.
ব্যাখ্যা
• Active voice থেকে passive voice করার নিয়ম:
- Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject হয়।
-Tense অনুযায়ী auxiliary verb বসে।
- তারপর মূল verb এর past participle হয়।
- Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়।
- তার পূর্বে preposition (by, at, to, in) বসে।

• Need, see, bid, dare, make, hear, feel, let, know, behold, watch প্রভৃতি verb গুলোর পর Active Voice-এ to উহ্য থাকে।
- তবে passive করার সময় তাদের পরে to বসে।
- নিয়মানুযায়ী সঠিক উত্তর - He was seen to go by me.

Active: I saw her go.
Passive: She was seen to go by me.
২০.
Rupa said, "I must write a story." (Indirect)
  1. Rupa told that she should write a story.
  2. Rupa said that she would write a story.
  3. Rupa told that she will have to write a story.
  4. Rupa said that she had to write a story.
  5. Rupa said that she has to write a story.
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rupa said that she had to write a story.
উত্তর
সঠিক উত্তর:
Rupa said that she had to write a story.
ব্যাখ্যা
• সাধারণত must, ought to এবং should-এর মতো modal auxiliary গুলির কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না, যদিও কখনো কখনো must এর জায়গায় had to বসে এবং should এর জায়গায় subject এর person পরিবর্তন অনুযায়ী would বসে।

Example: 

Direct: Rupa said, "I must write a story."
Indirect: Rupa said that she had to write a story.

Source: Applied English Grammar & Composition by P.C. Das