ব্যাংক নিয়োগ প্রস্তুতি ⎯ লং কোর্স

• Complete Sentence: Each of the children was given a gift at the party.

• "Each of" এর পরে সবসময় plural noun হয়;
- যে কারণে এখানে "Each of the children" হয়েছে।
- আর "Each of the children" phrase এর headword 'Each' singular হওয়ায় verb singular হবে. তাই verb হিসেবে was বসবে।

• যদি Plural Noun এর পরে Each আসে, তবে Verb টা Plural হবে।
- যেমন- The boys each have got a prize.

More Examples:
1. Each of the guests was greeted with a warm welcome.
2. Each of the ingredients plays a crucial role in the recipe.
3. Each of the participants has a unique perspective on the issue.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - from.
- Complete sentence: She felt relieved after the judge absolved her from any wrongdoing in the case.

• Absolve (of/from)
English Meaning: declare (someone) free from guilt, obligation, or punishment.
Bangla Meaning: (দোষ, অনুতাপ, পাপবোধ, অঙ্গীকার, প্রতিশ্রুতি) ইত্যাদি থেকে মুক্তি দেওয়া; বিমুক্ত করা - বোঝাতে absolve এর সাথে from/of ব্যবহৃত হয়।

Source: Cambridge Dictionary.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - by.
- Complete sentence: The scientist was baffled by the unexpected results of the experiment.

• baffle (verb + noun)
English Meaning: to defeat or check (someone) by confusing or puzzling: to confuse or frustrate completely.
Bangla Meaning: বিপাকে ফেলা; হতবুদ্ধি করা; ধাঁধায় ফেলা; প্রতিহত করা; বানচাল/ব্যাহত করা।

- "হতবুদ্ধি" বোঝাতে baffled এরপর 'by' বসে।

Source: merriam-webster.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would grow.
- Complete sentence: If we lived in a warmer climate, we would grow our own fruits and vegetables in a backyard garden.

• Second Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী -
- If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + verb এর base form + ext.
- অর্থাৎ, If + past indefinite যুক্ত clause এর পরবর্তী clause টিতে subject এর পর would/could/might এর সাথে verb এর base form বসে।
- সাধারণত If যুক্ত Sentence এ subject এর পর be verb আসলে সেক্ষেত্রে were ব্যবহৃত হয়।

More Examples:
1. If they didn't have such busy schedules, they would volunteer at the local animal shelter every weekend.
2. If she weren't allergic to cats, she would adopt that adorable kitten from the animal shelter.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - with.
- Complete sentence: The ceremony is set to commence with the national anthem.

• Commence (verb)
English Meaning:  to enter upon.
Bangla Meaning: আরম্ভ করা বা হওয়া।

- "আরম্ভ করা" বোঝাতে commence এরপর 'with' বসে।

Source:
1. merriam-webster.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• সঠিক উত্তরটি হবে - working.
- Complete sentence: The employees are used to working late hours during the end-of-quarter rush, often staying in the office well past midnight to meet their deadlines.

• Used to (phrase)
English Meaning: shows that a particular thing always happened or was true in the past, especially if it no longer happens or is no longer true.
Bangla Meaning: অতীতের নিত্য বা প্রায়িক ঘটনা নির্দেশে ব্যবহৃত।

• Modal auxiliary এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,
- শুধু Used to এর পর Verb এর base form বসে।
যেমন:
- I used to eat meat, but now I’m a vegetarian.
- He used to go to our school.

• তবে be (am, is, are, was, were) + used to থাকলে এর পর Verb+ing ব্যবহৃত হয়।
• Be used to/get used to এর পরে noun অথবা Gerund বসে।
• Structure: subject + be/get + used to + [verb + ing]/noun.

যেমন:
- I'm used to living in Paris.
- She’s used to working hard.
- He was used to waking up early for his morning jog.
- I am used to studying in crowded places.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - with.

• Dispense with something/someone:
English meaning: to get rid of or stop using something or someone that you do not need.
Bangla meaning: পরিহার করা; কোনো কিছু ছাড়াই চলতে পারা।

Complete sentence: They've had to dispense with a lot of luxuries since Mike lost his job.

Source: Cambridge & Accessible Dictionary.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - engulfed.
- Complete sentence: No sooner had the plane taken off than a severe thunderstorm engulfed the entire area, causing turbulence and panic among the passengers.

• No sooner had যুক্ত বাক্যের প্রথম অংশে past perfect এবং verb এর past participle হয় এবং দ্বিতীয় অংশে past indefinite হয়।
- মনে রাখতে হবে, No sooner had .... than এভাবে আসে।
- অর্থাৎ No sooner had এর সাথে than হয়।

• engulf (verb)
Bangla Meaning: গ্রাস করা (যেমন সাগরে) : a ship engulfed by the sea.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - for.
- Complete sentence: After a long and exhausting week at work, we decided to head for the tranquil countryside, where we could enjoy some peace and quiet away from the hustle and bustle of the city.

• head for something (phrasal verb with head verb)
English Meaning: to go towards a thing or place.
Bangla Meaning: নির্দেশিত পথে বা দিকে অগ্রসর হওয়া।

Source:
1. Cambridge Dictionary.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - freezes.
- Complete sentence: The professor said, "Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius."

• 'General truth', 'universal truth' সবসময় present indefinite tense দ্বারা প্রকাশ করা হয়।
- Present indefinite tense এর structure হলো Subject + verb এর base form + object.
- subject টি third person singular number হলে verb এর সাথে 's' বা 'es' যুক্ত হয়)
- সুতরাং verb-টি হবে 'freezes'.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - off.
- Complete sentence: The anti-corruption commission in Bangladesh launched an extensive investigation after it was revealed that senior bureaucrats had been systematically siphoning off funds from education budgets, depriving schools of much-needed supplies and improvements.

• siphon something off (phrasal verb with siphon verb)
English Meaning: to dishonestly take money from an organization or other supply, and use it for a purpose for which it was not intended.
Bangla Meaning: অসৎ উপায়ে অর্থ উপার্জন।

Source:
1. Cambridge Dictionary.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• Complete Sentence: The lead scientist, along with her research colleagues, is conducting a comprehensive study on the effects of climate change on marine ecosystems.

• Along with, as well as, together with, including, addition to, accompanied by ইত্যাদি দ্বারা দুইটি subject যুক্ত হলে verb হবে প্রথম subject অনুযায়ী। 
- এখানে "The lead scientist" এবং "her research colleagues" subject দুটি along with দ্বারা যুক্ত হয়েছে।
- প্রথম subject "The lead scientist", singular বিধায় verb টি singular হবে।

More Examples:
1. The author, along with his editors and publicists, is planning a nationwide book tour to promote his latest novel.
2. The director, along with the cast and crew, is rehearsing tirelessly to ensure the play's opening night is a grand success.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - along.
- Complete sentence: The Rohingya refugee crisis has put immense pressure on Bangladesh's resources and infrastructure, yet the country has managed to jog along with international aid and support, providing shelter and humanitarian assistance to the displaced population.

• jog along (phrasal verb with jog verb)
English Meaning: If something, such as your work, jogs along, it moves on at a slow but regular speed.
Bangla Meaning: ধীরেসুস্থে এগিয়ে যাওয়া।

Source:
1. Cambridge Dictionary.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - dreams, fears.
- Complete sentence: Many a man dreams of adventure but fears taking the first step.

• Many a/an এর পর Singular Noun এবং তার পর Singular Verb বসে, তাই এখানে Singular noun হিসেবে man এবং ‍Singular Verb হিসেবে ‍dreams এবং fears বসবে। 

More Examples:
1. Many a man has found wisdom in the words of ancient philosophers.
2. Many a man struggles with balancing work and family life.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর - got .
• Complete sentence: We reserved a table at the restaurant in case it got crowded.

• In case এর অর্থ যদি।
- কোন ঘটনার সম্ভাবনা বুঝাতে in case ব্যবহার হয়।
- in case যুক্ত বাক্যে প্রথম clause- এ যদি past indefinite থাকে তাহলে এরপরের clause- এ ও একই Tense ব্যবহৃত হয়।
- কোনো কাজ সংঘটিত হয়ে গেছে এরূপ বুঝাতে in case যুক্ত বাক্যে উভয় clause এ একই tense বসে।

More Examples:
- They brought snacks in case they got hungry on the road trip.
- She packed an extra sweater in case it got cold during the hike.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - up.
- Complete sentence: The scientists working on the new vaccine were concerned that they might use up their limited supply of rare ingredients before they could complete the final stage of testing and production.

• use something up (phrasal verb with use verb)
English Meaning: to finish a supply of something.
Bangla Meaning: খরচ করা; নিঃশেষ করা।

Source:
1. Cambridge Dictionary.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - out.
- Complete sentence: After spending hours carefully preparing gift bags filled with snacks and small toys, the volunteers eagerly lined up to hand out the treats to the excited children who were waiting patiently in line.

• hand something out (phrasal verb with hand verb)
English Meaning: to give something to each person in a group or place.
Bangla Meaning: বিতরণ করা; (কথ্য) ভিক্ষা দেওয়া।

Source:
1. Cambridge Dictionary.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - are.
- Complete sentence: Not only the singer but also the band members are praised for the concert's success.

- not only... but also থাকলে but also এর পরের Noun/ pronoun (the band members - plural) অনুযায়ী Verb বসবে।
- বাক্যটি Passive, তাই are praised হয়েছে।

• Either ............ or, Neither ............ nor, not only ...... but also দ্বারা যুক্ত ২টি Noun এর শেষেরটির Number ও Person অনুযায়ী verb বসে।
- যেমন:  Either he or his brothers are responsible for the occurrence.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - about.
- Complete sentence: As a child, she often fantasized about becoming an astronaut and exploring space.

• Fantasize (verb)
English Meaning: to indulge in reverie: to create or develop imaginative and often fantastic views or ideas.
Bangla Meaning: (কোনো কিছু সম্বন্ধে) উদ্ভট কল্পনা করা বা ধারণা হওয়া।

- "কোনো কিছু কল্পনা করা" বোঝাতে fantasized এরপর 'about' বসে।

Source:
1. merriam-webster.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - are.
- Complete Sentence: The teacher emphasized that it is you who are expected to lead the group project.
 
• Relative pronoun (who, whom, which, what, when, whose, how, that) থাকলে Antecedent (Relative pronoun এর পূর্বের Noun/pronoun) অনুযায়ী verb বসে।
• তাই উপরের বাক্যে Antecedent ‘you’ থাকায় শূন্যস্থানে are বসবে।
 
• More Examples:
- It is I who am to blame.
- It is you who are to leave.
- It is he who is to go.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - at.
- Complete sentence: He grumbled at the rising cost of living and the impact on his budget.

• Grumble (verb)
English Meaning: to mutter in discontent.
Bangla Meaning: বিড়বিড়িয়ে ক্ষোভ বা অসন্তোষ প্রকাশ করা।

- "অসন্তোষ প্রকাশ" বোঝাতে grumble এরপর 'at' বসে।

Source:
1. merriam-webster.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• Spring (verb + noun)
Bangla Meaning: হঠাৎ লাফিয়ে ওঠা বা লাফিয়ে এগুনো।
• The past indefinite tense of 'Spring' is: Sprang.

• Present - Past - Past Participle
arise - arose - arisen,
bear - bore - borne,
begin - began - begun,
bet - bet - bet,
bind - bound - bound,

bleed - bled - bled,
blow - blew - blown,
breed - bred - bred,
broadcast - broadcast - broadcast,
burst - burst - burst,

choose - chose - chosen,
cling - clung - clung,
creep - crept - crept,
deal - dealt - dealt,
dive - dove/dived - dived,
dwell - dwelt - dwelt,
forbid - forbade - forbidden,
foresee - foresaw - foreseen,

freeze - froze - frozen,
grind - ground - ground,
kneel - knelt - knelt,
leap - leapt - leapt,
mislead - misled - misled,

overcome - overcame - overcome,
partake - partook - partaken,
plead - pled/pleaded - pled/pleaded,
prove - proved - proven,
quit - quit - quit,
ride - rode - ridden,

ring - rang - rung,
seek - sought - sought,
sew - sewed - sewn/sewed,
shake - shook - shaken,
shed - shed - shed,
shrink - shrank - shrunk,
sink - sank - sunk,
slide - slid - slid,

slink - slunk - slunk,
spin - spun - spun,
split - split - split,
spring - sprang - sprung,
sting - stung - stung,
stink - stank - stunk,
stride - strode - stridden,

strike - struck - struck/stricken,
string - strung - strung,
swear - swore - sworn,
swell - swelled - swollen,
thrive - thrived/throve - thrived,
thrust - thrust - thrust,
weep - wept - wept.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - to.
- Complete sentence: His comments were derogatory to the team's efforts, undermining their hard work.

• Derogatory (adjective)
English Meaning: expressive of a low opinion.
Bangla Meaning: (সম্মান, মর্যাদা, খ্যাতি ইত্যাদির পক্ষে) হানিকর; অবমাননাকর।

- "অবমাননাকর" বোঝাতে derogatory এরপর 'to' বসে।

Source:
1. merriam-webster.
2. Accessible Dictionary by Bangla Academy.

• শূন্যস্থানে সঠিক উত্তর হবে - would have been deterred.
• Complete sentence: If the government had implemented stricter anti-corruption laws years ago, many public officials like Motiur would have been deterred from engaging in illegal activities, significantly reducing the level of corruption in the country.

• বাক্যটি মূলত perfect conditional/3rd conditional এর উদাহরণ।
• 3rd Conditional এর নিয়মানুযায়ী,

- If-এর পর Past Perfect Tense থাকলে পরবর্তী Sentence টিতে Past Perfect Conditional বসে।
- অর্থাৎ, would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form হয়।

• Structure: If + Past Perfect Tense (had + verb এর past participle form) + would have/could have + verb-এর Past Participle form.
- আর যদি বাক্যটি passive sense প্রকাশ করে তবে - If + had been + Verb এর past participle form হয়।
Example:
- If you had come, I would have gone there.
- What would have happened if the train had been missed?

• deter (verb)
Bangla Meaning: নিরুৎসাহিত করা; বাধা দেওয়া।
- deter এর past participle form deterred.