ব্যাংক নিয়োগ প্রস্তুতি ⎯ লং কোর্স

Eratosthenes, in full Eratosthenes of Cyrene, (bornc.276&BCE, Cyrene, Libya—died.194BCE, Alexandria, Egypt), Greek scientific writer, astronomer, and poet, who made the first measurement of the size of Earth for which any details are known.
Earlier estimates of the circumference of Earth had been made (for example, Aristotle says that 'some mathematicians' had obtained a value of 400,000 stadia), but no details of their methods have survived.
An account of Eratosthenes’ method is preserved in the Greek astronomer Cleomedes’ Meteora.
Source: www.britannica.com

The Magyars (Hungarians) spread rather widely through the Holy Roman Empire, taking their Reformed faith with them.
Within the empire, they built up a large system of schools, elementary through university, and did much for Hungarian cultural life.
For many years after the Treaty of Versailles, the Magyar people, split between
Hungary, Romania had hoped that eventually they would be reunited
in one political unit and that their church would also be reunited.
Source: www.britannica.com

An estuary is an area where a freshwater river or stream meets the ocean.
When freshwater and seawater combine, the water becomes brackish, or slightly salty.
Source: www.nationalgeographic.org

Relative humidity, the ratio of the actual vapor pressure of water in the air to that in air saturated with water vapor; it is often expressed as a percentage.
Absolute humidity, the vapor concentration or density in the air.
Specific humidity, the mass of water vapor in a unit mass of moist air, usually expressed as grams of vapor per kilogram of air, or, in air conditioning, as grains per pound.
Source: www.britannica.com

Vitamin C, also called ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin.
Water-soluble vitamins are stored in the body in very limited amounts and are excreted through the urine.
Therefore, it is a good idea to have them in your daily diet. Vitamin C is sensitive to light, heat, and air and can be destroyed during food preparation, cooking, or storage.

Petermann Glacier made headline news in 2010 and again in 2012 when large pieces broke off the end of the glacier and floated out to sea.
Located on the northwestern coast of Greenland, Petermann Glacier covers 1,295 square kilometers.
It's floating ice tongue is 15–20 kilometers wide and 70 kilometers long—the longest floating glacier in the Northern Hemisphere.
A glacier is made up of fallen snow that has been compressed into a large thickened ice mass over many thousands of years.
Tidewater glaciers flow like very slow rivers to the ocean, and at the boundary between the glacier and the sea, ice breaks, or calves, from the end, creating icebergs.
Source: www.earthshots.usgs.gov

Earth's atmosphere is divided into five main layers: the exosphere, the thermosphere, the mesosphere, the stratosphere, and the troposphere.
The troposphere is the layer closest to Earth's surface. It is 4 to 12 miles (7 to 20 km) thick and contains half of Earth's atmosphere.
Air is warmer near the ground and gets colder higher up.
The stratosphere is the second layer. It starts above the troposphere and ends about 31 miles (50 km) above ground.
Ozone is abundant here and it heats the atmosphere while also absorbing harmful radiation from the sun.
The mesosphere starts at 31 miles (50 km) and extends to 53 miles (85 km) high.
The top of the mesosphere, called the mesopause, is the coldest part of Earth's atmosphere, with temperatures averaging about minus 130 degrees F (minus 90 C).
This layer is hard to study.
The thermosphere extends from about 56 miles (90 km) to between 310 and 620 miles (500 and 1,000 km).
Temperatures can get up to 2,700 degrees F (1,500 C) at this altitude.
The exosphere, the highest layer, is extremely thin and is where the atmosphere merges into outer space.
It is composed of very widely dispersed particles of hydrogen and helium.
Source: www.space.com

আবহাওয়া ও জলবায়ুর উপাদান হলঃ
বায়ুর উষ্ণতা
বায়ুর চাপ,
বায়ুপ্রবাহ,
বায়ুর আর্দ্রতা,
মেঘ,
বৃষ্টি প্রভৃতি।
আবহাওয়া ও জলবায়ুর প্রকৃতি কি রকম হবে তা এইসব বিষয়ের উপর নির্ভর করে।
উৎসঃ ভূগোল ও পরিবেশ, নবম - দশম শ্রেণি।

Mariana Trench, also called Marianas Trench, deep-sea -trench in the floor of the western North Pacific Ocean, the deepest such trench known on Earth, located mostly east as well as south of the Mariana Islands.
In 1957, during the International geophysical year, the Soviet research ship Vityaz sounded a new world record depth of 36,056 feet (10,990 metres) in Challenger Deep.
That value was later increased to 36,201 feet (11,034 meters).
Source: www.britannica.com

The Pacific is the world’s largest body of water and was named by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan who found the Pacific very peaceful (“Pacifique”, means peaceful in French) for most of his journey from the Straits of Magellan to the Philippines.
The Earth’s second-largest ocean is the Atlantic, a name derived from the “Sea of Atlas” in Greek mythology.
It covers approximately one-fifth of the entire global ocean.
The Indian Ocean is the third-largest in the world and makes up approximately 20% of the Earth’s water surface.
It is bounded by southern Asia in the north, the Arabian Peninsula and Africa in the west,
the Malay Peninsula, Sundra Islands, and Australia in the east, and the Southern Ocean in the south.
The Arctic Ocean is divided by an underwater ocean ridge called the Lomonosov ridge into the 4,000-4500 m deep Eurasian or
Nasin basin and the 4000 m deep North American or Hyperborean basin.
Source: www.marinebio.org

The Rocky Mountains, by name the Rockies, mountain range forming the cordilleran backbone of the great upland system that dominates the western North American continent.
Generally, the ranges included in the Rockies stretch from northern Alberta and British Columbia southward to New mexico, a distance of some 3,000 miles (4,800 km).
Source: www.britannica.com

Sun, star around which Earth and the other components of the solar system revolve.
It is the dominant body of the system, constituting more than 99 percent of its entire mass.
The Sun is the source of an enormous amount of energy, a portion of which provides Earth with the light and heat necessary to support life.
The Sun is classified as a G2 V star, with G2 standing for the second hottest stars of the yellow G class—of surface temperature about 5,800 kelvins (K).
Source: www.britannica.com

Big-bang model, widely held theory of the evolution of the universe.
Its essential feature is the emergence of the universe from a state of extremely high temperature and density—the so-called big bang that occurred 13.8 billion years ago.
Source: www.britannica.com

Potassium nitrate (KNO₃) is a soluble source of two major essential plant nutrients.
It’s commonly used as a fertilizer for high-value crops that benefit from nitrate (NO₃-) nutrition and a source of potassium (K+) free of chloride (Cl⁻).
Source: www.corpnutrition.com

Fathom, an old English measure of length, now standardized at 6 feet (1.83 metres),
which has long been used as a nautical unit of depth. The longest of many units derived from an anatomical measurement, the fathom originated as the distance from the middle fingertip of one hand to the middle fingertip of the other hand of a large man holding his arms fully extended.
Source: www.britannica.com

Ammeter, an instrument for measuring either direct or alternating electric current, in amperes.
An ammeter can measure a wide range of current values because at high values only a small portion of the current is directed through the meter mechanism;
a shunt in parallel with the meter carries the major portion.
Source: www.britannica.com

Parsec, unit for expressing distances to stars and galaxies, used by professional astronomers.
It represents the distance at which the radius of Earth's orbit subtends an angle of one second of arc.
Thus, a star at a distance of one parsec would have a parallax of one second, and the distance of an object in parsecs is the reciprocal of its parallax in seconds of arc.

A unit of distance used in astronomy, equal to about 3.26 light-years (3.086 × 10¹³ kilometers). One parsec corresponds to the distance at which the mean radius of the earth's orbit subtends an angle of one second of arc.
Source: www.britannica.com & Oxford Dictionary.

The weight of an object at the Earth’s South pole is slightly more than its weight at the Equator because the polar radius of the Earth is slightly less than the equatorial radius.
Source: www.britannica.com

The three additive primary colours are red, green, and blue;
this means that, by additively mixing the colours red, green, and blue in varying amounts, almost all other colours can be produced,
and, when the three primaries are added together in equal amounts, white is produced.
Source: www.britannica.com

'Uganda is a fairy-tale. You climb up a railway instead of a beanstalk, and at the end, there is a wonderful new world,' wrote Sir Winston Churchill,
who visited the country during its years under British rule and who called it 'the pearl of Africa.'
Source: www.britannica.com

Landlocked country means (of a country or region) almost or entirely surrounded by land.
There are some landlocked countries:
Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bhutan, Bolivia, (Plurinational State of)Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Macedonia, Malawi, Mali, Mongolia, Nepal, Niger, Paraguay, Republic of Moldova, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uganda, Uzbekistan, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Source: Oxford Dictionary & www.unctad.org

Seismology, scientific discipline that is concerned with the study of earthquakes and of the propagation of seismic waves within the Earth.
A branch of geophysics, it has provided much information about the composition and state of the planet’s interior.
Source: www.britannica.com

Copper was first used by man over 10,000 years ago.
A copper pendant discovered in what is now northern Iraq has been dated about 8700 B.C.
For nearly five millennia copper was the only metal known to man, and thus had all the metal applications.
Source: www.copper.org

Fluoride deficiency, a condition in which fluoride is insufficient or is not utilized properly.
Fluoride is a mineral stored in teeth and bones that strengthens them by aiding in the retention of calcium.
Studies have determined that the enamel of sound teeth contains more fluoride than is found in the teeth of persons prone to dental caries, and the incidence of dental caries is reduced in areas where natural fluoridation of water is moderate.
For these reasons, fluoride is added to water supplies in some areas to help reduce tooth decay, although such actions have in some cases provoked controversy.
Source: www.britannica.com

Browne Falls could very well be the tallest waterfall known in New Zealand so far as it was said to be 619m or 838m
(depending on who you talk to and what the height criteria was based on).
However, this waterfall was only known to us because of this height discussion.
Source: www.world-of-waterfalls.com

Almost as soon as the World Trade Center’s Twin Towers fell on September 11, 2001, thousands of firefighters, police officers, construction workers, search-and-rescue dogs, and volunteers headed to Ground Zero to look for survivors.
Ground Zero is where the World Trade Center stood in New York City before terrorists hijacked airliners and
crushed the jets into the twin tower on September 11, 2001.
They were part of a complex of seven buildings, all of which were destroyed when the skyscrapers collapsed.
www.history.com

পৃথিবী যখন নিজের অক্ষরেখার উপর একপাক ঘুরে আসে তখন তার সময় লাগে 23 ঘন্টা 56 মিনিট এবং 40 সেকেন্ড এই সময় কে পৃথিবীর আবর্তন গতি বা আহ্নিক গতি বলা হয়।
এই আবর্তন গতির সময় পৃথিবী পশ্চিম থেকে পূর্ব দিকে ঘোরে।
উৎসঃ বিজ্ঞান, নবম-দশম শ্রেণি।