৯ম - ১৩তম গ্রেড পরীক্ষার প্রস্তুতি

The Vision of Judgment is a satirical poem in ottava rima by Lord Byron.
It contains a devastating parody of that poet laureate’s fulsome eulogy of King George III.

Lord Byron is considered to be the Rebel Poet and Byronic Hero in English Literature.
His other famous works are:
- Don Juan
- Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
- Hours of Idleness,
- Heaven and Earth etc.
Source: Britannica and An ABC of English Literature, Dr M Mofizar Rahman

Doctor Faustus, in full The Tragicall History of D. Faustus, tragedy in five acts by Christopher Marlowe, published in 1604 but first performed a decade or so earlier.
Marlowe’s play followed by only a few years the first translation into English of the medieval legend on which the play is based.

In Doctor Faustus Marlowe retells the story of Faust, the doctor-turned-necromancer, who makes a pact with the devil in order to obtain knowledge and power.
Both Doctor Faustus and Mephistopheles, who is the devil’s intermediary in the play, are subtly and powerfully portrayed.

Marlowe examines Faustus’s grandiose intellectual ambitions, revealing them as futile, self-destructive, and absurd.

Source: Britannica.com

An Essay on Criticism, didactic poem in heroic couplets by Alexander Pope, first published anonymously in 1711 when the author was 22 years old.

Alexander Pope, (born May 21, 1688, London, England—died May 30, 1744, Twickenham, near London), poet and satirist of the English Augustan period.
He is best known for his mock-heroic poetry.
Some of his famous works are:
- The Rape of the Lock (1712–14),
- The Dunciad (1728), and
- An Essay on Man (1733–34).
He is one of the most epigrammatic of all English authors.

Source: Britannica.com

Paradise Lost, epic poem in blank verse, one of the late works by John Milton.
Many scholars consider Paradise Lost to be one of the greatest poems in the English language. It tells the biblical story of the fall from grace of Adam and Eve (and, by extension, all humanity) in language that is a supreme achievement of rhythm and sound.

The main characters in the poem are God, Lucifer (Satan), Adam, and Eve.

Source: Britannica.com

Psychopathological (Adjective):
‘According to Homey, alienation could be related to psychopathological states similar to neurosis, including a delay in the growth and actualization of the individual.’

Corrigendum = A thing to be corrected, typically an error in a printed book.
RSVP = ''Please respond'' to require confirmation of an invitation letter. It is derived from the French phrase ''Répondez s'il vous plaît''.
Linkers = Linkers are used in a paragraph.
Linker Words or Word Connectors are used to link large groups of words: phrases and sentences. We can also use them to connect paragraphs to give them coherence.
Ex: Whereas, Nevertheless, Despite, In Spite of, Instead, Alternatively etc.
Cohesion and coherence = also used in a paragraph.

Phrasal verb:
Come about = happen
Come down = fall
Come by = get
Come out = be known
Here, in this sentence 'come about' is acceptable.

According to the Oxford Dictionary,
Solicit = Ask for or try to obtain (something) from someone.
SYNONYMS: Ask for, request, apply for, put in for, seek, beg, plead for, sue for, crave, canvass, call for, drum up, press for etc.

- In speaking, we use ''a'' before a consonant sound -
Example: A car, a house, a big truck, a wheel, a grey day.

Warning:: Some words that begin with a vowel letter in writing have a consonant sound -
Example: A united group, a university, a one-year-old child.

- We use ''an'' before a vowel sound -
Example: An apple, an old shoe, an orchestra, an umbrella.

Source: Cambridge dictionary.

According to the Oxford Dictionary,
Take the bull by the horns = Deal bravely and decisively with a difficult, dangerous, or unpleasant situation/ To challenge the enemy with courage.
Idiom টির বাংলা অর্থ - সাহসের সাথে শত্রুর মোকাবেলা করা।

যেসব subordinate clause, complex sentence - এর ভিতর noun - এর কাজ করে তাদেরকে Noun Clause বলে।
যেমন - We do not know when he will arrive.

চোখে না দেখার ক্ষেত্রে 'Blind of' ও দোষ না দেখার ক্ষেত্রে 'Blind to' বসে।
The correct form of the incorrect sentences are -
- He is blind of his eyes.
- I attend to my studies regularly.
- He resembles his father.

Correct sentences:
He left without paying his bill.
She insisted on paying for herself.
Before signing the contract, read the print.
Source: A Practical English Grammar- Oxford University Press.

Rheumatism (NOUN):
Meaning - Any disease marked by inflammation and pain in the joints, muscles, or fibrous tissue, especially rheumatoid arthritis.
Bangla Meaning - সন্ধিবাত; গাঁট, পেশি ইত্যাদির প্রদাহ।

Warning: advance notice of something.
Denigration: the action of unfairly criticizing someone or something.
Impertinence: lack of respect.
Reproof: an expression of blame or disapproval.

Plentiful (adjective) = প্রচুর; যথেষ্ট।
Copious (adjective) = প্রচুর; বিশদ।
Abundant (adjective) = প্রচুর ; সমৃদ্ধ।
Destitute (adjective) = পরিত্যক্ত,নিঃস্ব সহায়সম্বলহীন
Source: Bangla Academy Dictionary- English to Bangla

সুতরাং এখানে Destitute শব্দটি ব্যতিক্রম।

যে সব subordinate clause, complex sentence - এর ভিতর noun এর কাজ করে অর্থ্যাৎ, বাক্যে subject বা Object হিসাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তাদেরকে Noun Clause বলে।
কোন sentence কে What দিয়ে প্রশ্ন করলে যদি আন্ডারলাইন অংশটি পাওয়া যায় তবে আন্ডারলাইন অংশটি হচ্ছে Noun clause।