ডেইলি কুইজ [২০০ দিন]

Fifth Republic, system of government in France from 1958. Under the constitution crafted by Charles de Gaulle with the help of Michel Debré, executive power was increased at the expense of the National Assembly. In 1959 de Gaulle was inaugurated as the first president of the Fifth Republic, with Debré as his prime minister. In 1962 de Gaulle pushed through a constitutional amendment that provided for direct popular election of the president, and in 1965 he became the first French president elected by popular vote since 1848. Source: britannica.com

The change in usage began to evolve prior to World War II and tended to be confirmed during that war, when the term Middle East was given to the British military command in Egypt. By the mid-20th century a common definition of the Middle East encompassed the states or territories of Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Israel, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, Jordan, Egypt, Sudan, Libya, and the various states and territories of Arabia proper (Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Yemen, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, and the Trucial States, or Trucial Oman [now United Arab Emirates]). Subsequent events have tended, in loose usage, to enlarge the number of lands included in the definition. The three North African countries of Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco are closely connected in sentiment and foreign policy with the Arab states. In addition, geographic factors often require statesmen and others to take account of Afghanistan and Pakistan in connection with the affairs of the Middle East.
Source: britannica.com and worldatlas.com

দক্ষিন আফ্রিকার প্রথম বহুদলীয় নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হয় - ১৯৯৪ সালে। এতে দক্ষিণ আফ্রিকার বর্ণবাদ বিরোধী নেতা নেলসন মেন্ডেলা ও তার দল - আফ্রিকান ন্যাশনাল কংগ্রেস জয়লাভ করে। ১৯৯৪ সালে প্রেসিডেন্ট হওয়ার পর “মাদিবা” ১৯৯৯ সালে রাজনীতি থেকে অবসর গ্রহন করেন।
Source: worldatlas.com

Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States of America. During his term, the United States was engulfed in its bloody Civil War. He is best known for directing the victory of the Union forces in the war, and he notably called for the abolition of slavery and reunification of the country.
Source: worldatlas.com

The 1867 purchase of Alaska from Russia completed the country's mainland expansion. In 1893, the indigenous monarchy of the Pacific Kingdom of Hawaii was overthrown in a coup led by American residents, and the still-growing United States annexed the archipelago in 1898. Victory in the Spanish–American War the same year demonstrated that the United States was a world power and led to the annexation of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
Source: worldatlas.com

The United Kingdom (UK) is arguably Europe's most influential country. In simple terms, it's the union of the individual countries of England, Scotland and Wales, collectively called Great Britain (Europe's largest island) and the northeastern corner of Ireland - the constitutionally distinct region of Northern Ireland. এগুলোর মধ্যে - ইংল্যান্ডের রাজধানী - লন্ডন; উত্তর আয়ারল্যান্ডের রাজধানী - বেলফাস্ট; স্কটল্যান্ডের রাজধানী - এডিনবার্গ ও ওয়ালস -এর রাজধানী - কার্ডিফ। Source: worldatlas.com

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. Its reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, is also the Queen and Head of State of (15) other Commonwealth realms, including Australia, Canada, Jamaica and New Zealand.
Source: worldatlas.com

Australia whose name comes from the Latin word australis, meaning ''southern'', has a population of 23,480,939 and gained its independence in 1901. The first European exposure to Australia occurred in 1606, when the Dutch explorer, Willem Janszoon, sighted, then landed on the Cape York Peninsula. In 1770, the legendary British explorer, James Cook, arrived in Australia and found the eastern coastline a most desirable location. He subsequently named this land New South Wales, and claimed it for Great Britain. They anchored at Port Jackson (Sydney Harbor) on January 26, 1788. There, under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip, in his capacity as the colony's first Governor, the British Crown Colony of New South Wales was established.
Source: worldatlas.com

By the turn of the century, the French were heavily involved in the lucrative fur trading business in Canada. On one of those fur trapping missions in 1605, the French geographer and explorer, Samuel de Champlain, established France's first settlement in western Nova Scotia. Port Royal would later be abandoned, but in 1608, he founded a permanent colony in Quebec, a colony that would later become the capital of New France.
Giovanni Caboto, an Italian navigator and explorer, known in English as John Cabot, landed along the northeastern shore of Canada in 1497. Source: worldatlas.com

গত ২১ অক্টোবর, ২০১৯ জাস্টিন ট্রুডোর দল “লিবারেল পার্টি অফ কানাডা” জাতীয় নির্বাচনে প্রতিদ্বন্দী কনজারভেটিভ পার্টি কে হারিয়ে আবার ক্ষমতায় আসে। উল্লেখ্য, কানাডার সংসদ দুই কক্ষ বিশিষ্ট। উচ্চকক্ষ - সিনেট ও নিম্নকক্ষ - হাউজ অব কমন্স। সূত্রঃ অক্টোবর, ২০১৯ এর পত্রিকা রিপোর্ট ও worldatlas.com

The People's Republic of China is the world's fourth largest country (by total area), and one of only five remaining Communist states in the world.
আয়তনের দিক থেকে বিশ্বের বড় পাঁচ দেশ যথাক্রমে - রাশিয়া, কানাডা, যুক্তরাষ্ট্র, চীন ও ব্রাজিল। চীন আবার জনসংখ্যায় সবচেয়ে বড় দেশ
Source: worldatlas.com

ভারতের সংসদ দুই কক্ষ বিশিষ্ঠ। উচ্চকক্ষ - রাজ্যসভা (Council of States) এবং নিম্নকক্ষ - লোক-সভা (House of the People)। নিম্নকক্ষ লোকসভার মোট সদস্য - ৫৪৫ জন যার মধ্য ৫৪৩ জন ভোটে নির্বাচিত এবং ২ জন রাষ্ট্রপতি কর্তৃক মনোনীত। অন্যদিকে, বর্তমানে উচ্চকক্ষ রাজ্যসভার সদস্য ২৪৫ জন যার মধ্যে ২৩৩ জন সংসদ সদস্যদের ভোটে নির্বাচিত ও ১২ জন রাষ্ট্রপতি কর্তৃক মনোনীত। সূত্রঃ Worldatlas.com and britannica.com

Russia, the world's largest country, obviously defies a ''brief description,'' as it covers 9 time zones, all climate zones except tropical, with land that stretches almost halfway around the planet. Moscow, the capital, with over 12 million (metro) residents, is the country's major economic and political center - the seat of the President, the government and the State Duma. Source: worldatlas.com

Russia is one of the countries with the largest numbers of ethnic groups in Europe. It is a multinational state with around 185 ethnic groups or nationalities. Four-fifths of the country's residents are ethnic Russians, with Tatars and Ukrainians being the largest minorities. Tatars belong to a Turkic language speaking group, and are found living mainly in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. 80.9% of the Russian population are Russians and 3.9% are Tatars. Source: worldatlas.com