৫১তম বিসিএস ফাইনাল মডেল টেস্ট ও রিভিশন

- All the three writes were among the 7 members of University Wits. 

University Wits:
- They are a group of young dramatists who wrote and performed in London towards the end of the 16th century.  
- They are called university wits because they were the witty students of Cambridge or oxford.
- They ridiculed the traditional impoliteness in English plays although they uphold the classical ideals. 

This university wits are:
- Christopher Marlowe
- Thomas Kyd
- Robert Greene
- George Peele
- Thomas Nashe
- Thomas Lodge and
- John Lyly. 

Source: An ABC of English Literature- Dr M Mofizar Rahman 

Biographia Literaria,
- In full,  Biographia Literaria; or Biographical Sketches of My Literary Life and Opinions, work by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
- First published in two volumes in 1817.
- It quickly expanded into a two-volume autobiography, mixing memoir, philosophy, religion and literary theory.
- Coleridge himself described Biographia Literaria as an ‘immethodical miscellany’ of ‘life and opinions'. 
- Biographia Literaria was the most important work of literary criticism of the English Romantic period. 

Other Notable works of S.T Coleridge:
- The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
- Christabel
- Kubla Khan
- Frost at Midnight
- Dejection: An Ode
- On the Constitution of the Church and State

Source: British Library and Britannica 

https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/biographia-literaria-by-samuel-taylor-coleridge

Robert Frost: 
- In full, Robert Lee Frost, American poet.
- He was much admired for his depictions of the rural life of New England.
- His command of American colloquial speech, and his realistic verse portraying ordinary people in everyday situations.

Awards/ Achievements: 
- Frost was honored frequently during his lifetime.
- He received four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry. (In the years 1924, 1931, 1937 and 1943)
- He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 1960 for his literary works.
- Bollingen Prize (1962)

Legendary/Best Poems:
- Road not Taken
- Mending Wall
- Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
- Christmas Trees
- A Boy’s Will
- North of Boston
- Nothing Gold Can Stay
- After Apple-picking
- Home Burial.

Source: Britannica and  https://bollingen.yale.edu/poet/robert-frost 

Epigram: (তীক্ষ্ণ, বুদ্ধিদীপ্ত বা ব্যঞ্জনাময় উক্তি; ক্ষুদ্র শ্লেষসমৃদ্ধ কবিতা বিশেষ।)
A brief and witty statement which is apparently self - contradictory.
Ex:
"Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought".
Here, Sweetest and Saddest oppose each other but as we go beneath the surface level.

Paradox: (কূটাভাস; যে উক্তি আপাতদৃষ্টিতে স্ববিরোধী মনে হলেও সত্যবর্জিত নয়)
A self-contradictory statement that hides a rational meaning.
Ex: "Sweet are the uses of adversity".

Source: An ABC of English Literature - Dr M Mofizar Rahman

- Ode to a Nightingale
By John Keats.

My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains
My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,

Or emptied some dull opiate to the drains
One minute past, and Lethe-wards had sunk:

’Tis not through envy of thy happy lot,
But being too happy in thine happiness,

That thou, light-wingèd Dryad of the trees,
In some melodious plot
Of beechen green, and shadows numberless,
Singest of summer in full-throated ease.

The Vision of Judgment is a satirical poem in ottava rima by Lord Byron.
It contains a devastating parody of that poet laureate’s fulsome eulogy of King George III.

Lord Byron is considered to be the Rebel Poet and Byronic Hero in English Literature.

His other famous works are:
- Don Juan
- Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
- Hours of Idleness,
- Heaven and Earth etc.

Source: Britannica and An ABC of English Literature, Dr M Mofizar Rahman

- John Donne is known as Poet of Love. 
- "For God's Sake, hole your tongue, and let me love." is a quotation from John Donne's poem, The Canonization.
- Love is one of the key elements of his poems. 

The Canonization
John Donne
For God’s sake hold your tongue, and let me love,
Or chide my palsy, or my gout,
My five gray hairs, or ruined fortune flout,
With wealth your state, your mind with arts improve,
Take you a course, get you a place,
Observe his honour, or his grace,
Or the king’s real, or his stampèd face
Contemplate; what you will, approve,
So you will let me love.
-------------------------

On the other hand:
- Justice delayed is Justice denied is a quotation by William Edward Gladstone.
- From the play, Hamlet by William Shakespeare.
- If winter comes, can spring be far behind by P.B. Shelley

Source: Britannica.com

Among the options, the most appropriate answer will be, it's a political fable. 

Animal Farm:
- Anti-utopian satire by George Orwell, published in 1945.
- One of Orwell’s finest works.
- It is a political fable based on the events of Russia’s Bolshevik revolution and the betrayal of the cause by Joseph Stalin. - - The book concerns a group of barnyard animals who overthrow and chase off their exploitative human masters and set up an egalitarian society of their own. 
- Eventually the animals’ intelligent and power-loving leaders, the pigs, subvert the revolution.
- Concluding that “all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others” .

George Orwell:
- He is an English Novelist, Essayist, Journalist and Critic.
- His real name is Eric Arthur Blair.
- He was a police officer in Burma.

His famous Novels:
- Animal Farm,
- Nineteen Eighty-Four,
- Burmese Days,
- Coming up for Air
- Homage to Catalonia etc.
• Shooting an Elephant is a famous Short Story of George Orwell.

Source: Britannica.com